2024-2025學年人教版七年級上冊英語語法一般現(xiàn)在時知識清單

一般現(xiàn)在時知識清單教師版學習目標：1.概述：一般現(xiàn)在時的定義及常見時間標志詞2.一般現(xiàn)在時的構成：be動詞&實義動詞（be動詞的使用；動詞單三變化規(guī)則）3.一般現(xiàn)在時的用法（重點：客觀真理、一現(xiàn)表將來）概述：一般現(xiàn)在時：主要用來表示經常性、習慣性的動作或現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)。e.g.Graceusuallygetsupat7o’clock.e.g.Ihavemanybooks.常見時間標志詞：（注意：時間標志詞只是作為參考，不是判斷的絕對標準哦）1.頻率副詞：always(總是),usually(通常),normally/generally(通常),often(經常),sometimes(有時),occasionally(偶爾),seldom(很少),hardly(ever)/rarely(幾乎不),never(從不)等。e.g.Ioftengotoschoolbybike.e.g.SometimesIhelpmymothertodothehousework.2.其他常見時間狀語：onSundays,onMondayafternoons,on/atweekends,everyday/year,inthemorning等。e.g.Iplayfootballafterschooleveryafternoon.e.g.GracegoestochurchonSundays.3.其他表頻率的詞組：onceaweek,onceayear,twiceamonth,threetimesaweek等。e.g.Gracegoesshoppingonceaweek.e.g.Sheplayssportsthreetimesaweek.一般現(xiàn)在時的構成一般現(xiàn)在時之be動詞1.含有be動詞的一般現(xiàn)在時句型結構：肯定句：主語+be動詞+其他.否定句：主語+be動詞+not+其他.一般疑問句：Be動詞+主語+其他?肯定回答：Yes,主語+be動詞.（一般不縮寫）。否定回答：No,主語+benot.(一般縮寫).e.g.Iamateacher./Iamnotateacher./Areyouateacher?Yes,Iam./No,I’mnot.e.g.Sheisasinger./Sheisn’tasinger./Issheasinger?Yes,sheis./No,sheisn’t.e.g.Theyaremyfriends./Theyaren’tmyfriends./Aretheyyourfriends?Yes,theyare./No,theyaren’t.2.be動詞使用秘訣：我用am；你用are；is跟著他她它。三單我們用is，復數(shù)形式要用are。一般現(xiàn)在時之實義動詞1.含有實義動詞的一般現(xiàn)在時句型結構：肯定句：主語+實義動詞+其他.否定句：主語+don’t/doesn’t+實義動詞原形+其他.一般疑問句：Do/Does+主語+實義動詞原形+其他?肯定回答：Yes,主語+do/does.否定回答：No,主語+don’t/doesn’t.e.g.Ihavesomebooks./Idon’thaveanybooks./Doyouhaveanybooks?Yes,Ido./No,Idon’t.e.g.Shelikesdancing./Shedoesn’tlikedancing./Doesshelikedancing?Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesn’t.e.g.Theywanttomakemoney./Theydon’twanttomakemoney./Dotheywanttomakemoney?Yes,theydo./No,theydon’t.【注意】(1)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時，謂語變單三形式。(2)肯定句變疑問句，第一人稱變第二人稱。(3)肯定句變否定句/疑問句，some變any?！拘≈R1】什么是第三人稱單數(shù)？(1)第三人稱：he,she,it,they等；第二人稱：you；第一人稱：I,we。(2)單數(shù)：表示“一”的概念?！拘≈R2】常見主語為單三的情況：總結：非你非我非復數(shù)(1)人稱代詞he,she,it作主語。e.g.Helikesplayingbasketball. e.g.Itlookslikeadog.(2)單個人名、地名或稱呼作主語。e.g.Gracewantstogoshoppingeveryday. e.g.Xi’anisabeautifulcity.e.g.UncleWangoftenmakescakes.(3)單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞作主語。e.g.Thisbookisaboutapoorboy. e.g.Mybagcostsmeonly15yuan.(4)不定代詞something,everything,somebody,someone,nobody等及指示代詞this,that作主語。e.g.Thereissomethingwrongwiththewatch.e.g.Everyoneishere. e.g.Thatisaphone.(5)不可數(shù)名詞作主語。e.g.Waterisimportanttous. e.g.Milkisrichinprotein.(6)數(shù)字或字母作主語。e.g.“6”isaluckynumber. e.g.“I”isaletter.2.動詞第三人稱單數(shù)變化規(guī)則：★★★★★(1)一般情況：在詞尾加-s。 e.g.write→writes;like→likes(2)以s,x,ch,sh,o結尾的，在詞尾加-es。 e.g.pass→passes;fix→fixes;teach→teaches;wash→washes;go→goes;do→does(3)以“輔音字母＋y”結尾的，變y為i再加-es。以“元音字母+y”結尾的，直接加-s。e.g.carry→carries;study→studies;worry→worries;stay→stays;play→plays;buy→buys(4)特殊情況。 e.g.have→has，be→is。一般現(xiàn)在時的用法1.表示經常發(fā)生或反復發(fā)生的動作這種用法中經常與often,usually,always,sometimes,everyday等時間狀語連用。e.g.Sheusuallygetsupat6:30. e.g.Ioftengotoschoolonfoot.e.g.Iplayfootballafterschooleveryafternoon.2.表示現(xiàn)在的情況或狀態(tài)e.g.Ienjoyplayingcomputergames. e.g.DoesMollylivehere?e.g.ShespeaksSpanish. e.g.Thebookconsistsoffiveparts.3.表示客觀真理、客觀存在、自然現(xiàn)象、俗語格言等 ★★★★e.g.Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.e.g.Metalexpandswhenheated. e.g.Theearthtravelsaroundthesun.4.表示將來(1)表示按時刻表或計劃將要發(fā)生的動作注意：常用于這種情況的動詞有come,go,run,start,begin,return,leave,takeplace等，句中常有表示將來的時間狀語。e.g.Thetrainarrivesat10:30.There'splentyoftime.e.g.Thefinalexamtakesplacenextweek.(2)在時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中(拓展：讓步狀語從句) ★★★★★e.g.Ifyouarrive,pleasegivemeaphonecall.e.g.Aslongasitdoesn'traintomorrow,we'llhaveatrip.e.g.Iwilldiscussthismatterwithyouwhenwemeetnexttime.e.g.Wewon'tleaveuntilyoucome.【練1】Jan