標(biāo)準(zhǔn)解讀

《GB/T 44611-2024 栽培介質(zhì)有害生物檢測(cè)規(guī)程》是一項(xiàng)國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，旨在規(guī)范栽培介質(zhì)中可能存在的有害生物的檢測(cè)方法與流程。該標(biāo)準(zhǔn)適用于農(nóng)業(yè)、園藝等領(lǐng)域內(nèi)使用的各種栽培介質(zhì)（如土壤、泥炭、椰糠等）中有害生物（包括但不限于昆蟲(chóng)、螨類(lèi)、線蟲(chóng)、真菌、細(xì)菌和病毒）的檢測(cè)。

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)首先明確了適用范圍及術(shù)語(yǔ)定義，確保使用者能夠準(zhǔn)確理解其內(nèi)容并正確應(yīng)用。接著，詳細(xì)描述了樣品采集的方法，強(qiáng)調(diào)了采集過(guò)程中需要注意的關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)，比如避免交叉污染、保持樣品完整性等原則，以保證后續(xù)檢測(cè)結(jié)果的有效性和準(zhǔn)確性。

在樣品處理部分，《GB/T 44611-2024》提供了多種處理技術(shù)的選擇指南，根據(jù)不同的目標(biāo)生物類(lèi)型推薦相應(yīng)的預(yù)處理步驟，如篩選、漂浮分離或化學(xué)提取等，以便于更有效地分離出待檢生物體。

對(duì)于具體的檢測(cè)方法，《GB/T 44611-2024》列舉了幾種常見(jiàn)且有效的技術(shù)手段，包括顯微鏡觀察法、分子生物學(xué)鑒定法（如PCR）、免疫學(xué)測(cè)試（ELISA）以及培養(yǎng)基直接接種法等，并對(duì)每種方法的操作細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行了說(shuō)明。此外，還特別指出了某些特定情況下應(yīng)采取的特殊措施，比如針對(duì)難以培養(yǎng)或生長(zhǎng)緩慢的微生物時(shí)可采用的替代方案。


如需獲取更多詳盡信息，請(qǐng)直接參考下方經(jīng)官方授權(quán)發(fā)布的權(quán)威標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文檔。

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文檔簡(jiǎn)介

ICS

65.020.20

CCS

B16

中華人民共和國(guó)國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

GB/T44611—2024

栽培介質(zhì)有害生物檢測(cè)規(guī)程

Codeofpracticeforthedetectionofpestsinthegrowingmedium

2024-09-29發(fā)布2025-04-01實(shí)施

國(guó)家市場(chǎng)監(jiān)督管理總局發(fā)布

國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化管理委員會(huì)

GB/T44611—2024

目次

前言

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Ⅲ

1

范圍

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1

2

規(guī)范性引用文件

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1

3

術(shù)語(yǔ)和定義

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1

4

栽培介質(zhì)基本信息

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1

5

檢測(cè)程序

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1

6

檢測(cè)對(duì)象及檢測(cè)依據(jù)

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2

6.1

檢測(cè)對(duì)象

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2

6.2

檢測(cè)依據(jù)

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2

7

現(xiàn)場(chǎng)檢驗(yàn)

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3

8

實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢測(cè)

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3

8.1

昆蟲(chóng)及軟體動(dòng)物檢測(cè)

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3

8.2

線蟲(chóng)檢測(cè)

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3

8.3

植物病原菌物檢測(cè)

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3

8.4

植物病原細(xì)菌檢測(cè)

···············································································

3

8.5

雜草檢測(cè)

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4

9

檢測(cè)結(jié)果報(bào)告

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4

10

綜合判定

····························································································

4

11

檢測(cè)記錄及樣品保存

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4

11.1

檢測(cè)記錄內(nèi)容

···················································································

4

11.2

樣品及記錄保存

················································································

4

附錄A（資料性）

栽培介質(zhì)中主要檢疫性有害生物名單

·············································

6

A.1

線蟲(chóng)

·····························································································

6

A.2

菌物

·····························································································

6

A.3

細(xì)菌

·····························································································

7

附錄B（規(guī)范性）

線蟲(chóng)分離方法

······································································

8

B.1

漂浮分離法

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8

B.2

改良漏斗法

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8

附錄C（規(guī)范性）

菌物檢測(cè)方法

······································································

9

C.1

洗滌檢驗(yàn)法

······················································································

9

C.2

稀釋分離法

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9

C.3

選擇性培養(yǎng)基分離法

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9

參考文獻(xiàn)

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10

Ⅰ

GB/T44611—2024

前言

本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化工作導(dǎo)則第1部分：標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化文件的結(jié)構(gòu)和起草規(guī)則》的規(guī)

定起草。

請(qǐng)注意本文件的某些內(nèi)容可能涉及專(zhuān)利。本文件的發(fā)布機(jī)構(gòu)不承擔(dān)識(shí)別專(zhuān)利的責(zé)任。

本文件由全國(guó)植物檢疫標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化技術(shù)委員會(huì)（SAC/TC271）提出并歸口。

本文件起草單位：中國(guó)檢驗(yàn)檢疫科學(xué)研究院、寧波海關(guān)技術(shù)中心、蘇州晶睿生物科技有限公司、

滿洲里海關(guān)、寧夏回族自治區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣總站、福州海關(guān)技術(shù)中心、山東大學(xué)。

本文件主要起草人：田茜、顧建鋒、段維軍、吳堯、劉瑋琦、李秋實(shí)、徐晗、杜偉、于文濤、

張偉。

Ⅲ

GB/T44611—2024

栽培介質(zhì)有害生物檢測(cè)規(guī)程

1范圍

本文件給出了栽培介質(zhì)的基本信息，確立了栽培介質(zhì)有害生物檢測(cè)程序，規(guī)定了檢測(cè)對(duì)象的確定及

檢測(cè)依據(jù)的選擇、現(xiàn)場(chǎng)檢驗(yàn)、實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢測(cè)、出具檢測(cè)結(jié)果報(bào)告以及綜合判定的過(guò)程，描述了記錄及保存

的證實(shí)方法。

本文件適用于進(jìn)出境及國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)流通的栽培介質(zhì)中有害生物的檢測(cè)鑒定。

2規(guī)范性引用文件

下列文件中的內(nèi)容通過(guò)文中的規(guī)范性引用而構(gòu)成本文件必不可少的條款。其中，注日期的引用文

件，僅該日

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