清單02單元語(yǔ)法梳理歸納-2024-2025學(xué)年高二英語(yǔ)上學(xué)期期中考點(diǎn)大串講（上教版2020選擇性必修一）

20242025學(xué)年高二上期中考點(diǎn)大串講（上教版2020）專題02單元語(yǔ)法總結(jié)歸納上教版選擇性必修一Unit1Feelinggood【單元語(yǔ)法】過(guò)去完成時(shí)1．意義和構(gòu)成：過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一動(dòng)作之前已完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)(亦可以說(shuō)是“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”)。過(guò)去完成時(shí)由“had＋過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。HehadalreadybeentoNewYorkearlierintheweek.本周早些時(shí)候他去過(guò)紐約。Janehadjustleftwhenyourang.你打時(shí)簡(jiǎn)剛走。Thecountryhadnotyetrecoveredfromtheeffectsofthewar.這個(gè)國(guó)家尚未從戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的影響下復(fù)原。2．過(guò)去完成時(shí)的用法(1)表示較早的過(guò)去表示較早的過(guò)去，即某一時(shí)刻之前已完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。Afterwehadlanded，theplanewassearchedthoroughly.我們降落后，飛機(jī)被徹底搜查了一遍。Whensheheardthatherfatherhaddiedintheaccident，sheburstoutcrying.當(dāng)她聽說(shuō)她父親在這次事故中喪生時(shí)便大哭起來(lái)。(2)用于間接引語(yǔ)過(guò)去完成時(shí)的作用有時(shí)完全相當(dāng)于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的過(guò)去形式，在間接引語(yǔ)中多有這種情況。Helensaid(that)shehadmovedtoanotherflat.海倫說(shuō)她已搬到另一套公寓去了。(3)用于賓語(yǔ)從句過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示一個(gè)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作先于另一個(gè)過(guò)去動(dòng)作的用法，多見于賓語(yǔ)從句。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，主句中用了know(知道)，realize(意識(shí)到)，think(認(rèn)為)，suppose(猜想)，guess(推測(cè))，find(找到)，discover(發(fā)現(xiàn))，decide(決定)，remember(想起)，forget(忘記)等動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)，如果賓語(yǔ)從句中的動(dòng)作先于主句的動(dòng)作，通常用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。Werealizedwehadlostourway.我們意識(shí)到我們迷路了。Ididn’tthinktoaskherifshehadpassedherexamination.我沒有想問(wèn)她是否考試及格了。(4)強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去動(dòng)作的完成IbegancollectingstampsinFebruaryandbyNovemberIhadcollectedmorethan2,000.我從2月份開始集郵，到11月已收集到2000多枚。Bysixo’clocktheyhadworkedfor8hours.到6點(diǎn)鐘他們已經(jīng)工作了8小時(shí)了。(可能還沒結(jié)束)(5)用于虛擬語(yǔ)氣過(guò)去完成時(shí)的這一用法，常見于虛擬語(yǔ)氣句中。Ifonlywehadlistenedtotheiradvice!我們要是聽了他們的建議就好了！I’dratheryouhadn’tbeenpresent.我寧愿你當(dāng)時(shí)不在場(chǎng)。IfIhadaskedfordirections，Iwouldn’thavegottenlost.如果我問(wèn)一下路，就不會(huì)迷失方向了。(6)表示過(guò)去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望、打算和意圖過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望、打算或意圖，只適用于下列動(dòng)詞：expect(期待)，hope(希望)，intend(打算)，mean(打算)，suppose(料想)，think(認(rèn)為)，want(想要)等。Wehadhopedthatyouwouldbeabletovisitus.我們?cè)鞠Ｍ銜?huì)來(lái)拜訪我們。Ihadmeanttotakeagoodholidaythisyear，butIwasnotabletoleave.我本打算今年好好去度假，只是脫不開身。(7)過(guò)去完成時(shí)還可用于某些固定句型中：hardly...when...，nosooner...than...，Itwasthefirsttimethat...等。Itwasthefirsttimethatthegirlhadtalkedtoafamousastronaut.這是女孩第一次和一位著名宇航員進(jìn)行交談。Hardlyhadhegothomewhenhebegantogooverhislessons.他一回到家就開始復(fù)習(xí)功課。Nosoonerhadtheyarrivedthantheywereaskedtoaparty.他們剛一到達(dá)就被叫到了一個(gè)派對(duì)上。3．過(guò)去完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別：(1)過(guò)去完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)用于同一個(gè)句子中表示過(guò)去事件發(fā)生的順序。WhenIarrived，sheleft.(Iarrivedandthensheleft.)我到達(dá)時(shí)她離開了。WhenIarrived，shehadleft.(SheleftbeforeIarrived.)我到達(dá)之前她離開了。(2)過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示以過(guò)去某時(shí)間為起點(diǎn)以前所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，即：過(guò)去完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”；而一般過(guò)去時(shí)只表示以現(xiàn)在時(shí)間為起點(diǎn)以前所發(fā)生的事情或存在的狀態(tài)。Hestudiedtheretwoyearsago.兩年前他在那兒學(xué)習(xí)。(離現(xiàn)在兩年)Hesaidhehadstudiedtheretwoyearsago.他說(shuō)他在那兒學(xué)習(xí)了兩年。(離他說(shuō)話時(shí)兩年)(3)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間以前所連續(xù)發(fā)生的兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的動(dòng)作時(shí)，一般用and，then，but按照動(dòng)作的先后順序連接，此時(shí)通常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)而不用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。Hesaidhewenttheshopandboughtsomefood.他說(shuō)他去商店買了一些食品?！菊n堂練習(xí)】Ⅰ.選詞填空1．Whenwearrived，thoseexperts____(haveleft/hadleft)thevillage.2．He_____(hadworked/worked)therefortwoyears.NowheisinChina.3．Thegirl_____(hadvisited/willvisit)herteacherwhenshegetsthere.4．Hetoldusthathe______(hadplanted/planted)morethan200treesalready.5．Itwasthesecondtimethathe______(hastalked/hadtalked)toaforeigner.【答案】1.hadleft2.worked3.willvisit4.hadplanted5.hadtalkedⅡ.完成句子1.到上學(xué)期期末為止，我已經(jīng)學(xué)了2000個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞。________________________________________________________________________2.當(dāng)老師走進(jìn)教室時(shí)，劉紅已經(jīng)回家了。________________________________________________________________________3.當(dāng)媽媽到家時(shí)，我已經(jīng)做了十道數(shù)學(xué)題。________________________________________________________________________4.老師問(wèn)我們是否做完了作業(yè)。________________________________________________________________________5.他說(shuō)這個(gè)地方他已經(jīng)參觀過(guò)兩次了。________________________________________________________________________【答案】1．Ihadlearned2,000Englishwordsbytheendoflastterm.2．Whentheteachercameintotheclassroom，LiuHonghadgonehome.3．Whenmymothergothome，Ihadalreadydone10mathsproblems.4．Theteacheraskedifwehadfinisheddoingourhomework.5．Hesaidthathehadvisitedtheplacetwicealready.Ⅲ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．HowmanyEnglishnovels____you_____(read)sofar?2．Whenwegottothestation，thetrain_____(leave)already.3．He______(learn)3,000wordsbeforehewenttoEngland.4．Theoldmantoldusthathe_____(travel)tomanyplaces.5．Itwasthethirdtimethathe______(see)suchalargeanimal.6．He______(plan)tohelphisfriend，buthewastoobusythen.7．Hardly___he____(begin)hisspeechwhentheaudienceinterruptedhim.8．Ididn’tknowathingaboutverbs，forI______(not，study)mylessons.9．Edison_____(build)achemistrylabbythetimehewasten.10．ImetWangHuainthestreetyesterday.We_____(not，see)eachotherforalongtime.【答案】1.have;read2.hadleft3.hadlearned4.hadtravelled5.hadseen6.hadplanned7.had;begun8.hadn’tstudied9.hadbuilt10.hadn’tseenⅣ.單句寫作11．那是他第一次來(lái)到一個(gè)這么大的城市。(e)________________________________________________________________________12．那天他告訴我們，他已經(jīng)決定放棄那個(gè)計(jì)劃了。(tell)________________________________________________________________________13．近幾年這個(gè)村里發(fā)生了很大變化。(takeplace)________________________________________________________________________14．現(xiàn)在他在北京居住。他在美國(guó)待過(guò)兩年。(live)________________________________________________________________________15．她剛剛做完作業(yè)，媽媽就讓她彈鋼琴。(finish)________________________________________________________________________【答案】11.Itwasthefirsttimethathehadetosuchabigcity.12.Hetoldusthathehaddecidedtogiveupthatplanthatday.13.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthisvillageinrecentyears.14.Nowhe’slivinginBeijing.HestayedintheAmericafortwoyears.15.Shehadjustfinishedherhomeworkwhenhermotheraskedhertoplaythepiano.上教版選擇性必修一Unit2Makingadifference【單元語(yǔ)法】將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)一、將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)概念：主要表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，或表示要在將來(lái)某一時(shí)間開始，并繼續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作。二、將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)構(gòu)成：將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)是由“shall/will+be+現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成的。

例如：Don'tphonemebetween8:00and10:00.We'llbehavingclassesthen.（8點(diǎn)到10點(diǎn)之間不要給我打，我們那時(shí)正在上課。）三、基本用法：表示在將來(lái)某一時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。

例如：Theministerwillbegivingaspeechoninternationalaffairs.（部長(zhǎng)將就國(guó)際事務(wù)發(fā)表演講。）四、特殊用法：1.將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)表事情的發(fā)展：

例如：I'llbeseeingMr.Smithtomorrow.（我明天將見到史密斯先生。）注意：有時(shí)這種時(shí)態(tài)含有一種附帶的意思，語(yǔ)氣較為委婉。例如：I'llbefinishingit.（我一會(huì)兒就完了。）附帶的含義可能是“過(guò)一會(huì)兒你就會(huì)拿到它了?！?.將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)表原因、結(jié)果、可能：

表原因——Pleaseetomorrowafternoon.TomorrowmorningI'llbehavingmeeting.（請(qǐng)你明天下午來(lái)吧。明天上午我有一個(gè)會(huì)。）

表結(jié)果——IfIfailtoappearby7o'clock,Iwillnotbeingatall.（如果我七點(diǎn)鐘不到，我就不會(huì)來(lái)了。）

表可能——Hewillbetellingyouaboutittonight.（他今晚會(huì)告訴你這件事。）3.將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)表委婉：

例如：Willyoubeneedinganythingelse?（你還需要什么嗎？）4.將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)與將來(lái)一般時(shí)連用：將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)常可置于將來(lái)一般時(shí)之后表稍靠后的安排。

例如：MydutieswillendinJulyandIwillbereturningtoArizonaintheUS.（我的工作七月結(jié)束，之后我將回到美國(guó)亞利桑那州。）五、注意點(diǎn)：1）這種將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)也可和其他表將來(lái)的時(shí)態(tài)連用。

例如：I'mgoingtodomyhomeworkfirst,andthenI'llbewatchingTV.（我將先做作業(yè)，然后再看電視。）2）在下面的句子中，will是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，意謂“大概”或“一定”，不表將要而表現(xiàn)在，常與now連用。

例如：They’llbewatchingtelevisionnow.（他們現(xiàn)在大概在看電視呢。）六、將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)和一般將來(lái)時(shí)的區(qū)別1.一般將來(lái)時(shí)泛指未來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。一般將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)指未來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。Iwillplaybasketballtomorrow.我明天要去打籃球。Iwillbeplayingbasketballthistimetomorrow.明天這個(gè)時(shí)間我正在打籃球。2.談?wù)撏患虑闀r(shí)，一般將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)的語(yǔ)氣更加委婉、禮貌。例如boss問(wèn)本喵周六加班嗎，可以說(shuō)：WillyouworkthisSaturday？而本喵抱著你不來(lái)我就偷懶的心情問(wèn)boss周六來(lái)不來(lái)，這樣說(shuō)比較禮貌：WillyoubeworkingthisSaturday?3.Will可以表示主觀的意愿，而willbedoing則僅表示客觀行為。例如：Hewon’tborrowmesomecash.他不會(huì)愿意借錢給我。Hewon’tbeborrowingmesomecash.他不會(huì)借錢給我【課堂練習(xí)】一、單項(xiàng)選擇：1．ThistimenextyearI_____________onabeach.A．islying B．havelied C．willlie D．willbelying2．—Hi,Colin.Whydoyoulooksoexcited?—Well,mybrotherTobytogetherwithme________toMoroccoat4:00tomorrowafternoon.A．willfly B．willbeflying C．isflying D．hasbeenflying3．Mybrotherwillhavetotakecareofyou.I'llcallhimtodayandhe______you.A．hasexpected B．willhaveexpectedC．expects D．willbeexpecting4．IfyouseeSally，canyouaskhertophoneme？一Sure．I___herthisevening，soI'lltellherthen．A．willbeseeing B．willhaveseenC．wouldsee D．haveseen5．They______withusforthetimebeing.A．wouldstay B．stayC．havebeenstaying D．willbestaying6．TomhasbeendreamingofbeingabankerandIbelievehefinanceinuniversityattheageof20.A．willbestudying B．hadstudiedC．hasstudied D．wouldstudy7．CanIpayavisittoyouthisFridayafternoonmanager？Sorry,IsomeAmericanbusinesspartnersthewholeafternoon.A．havemet B．havebeenmeeting C．willbemeeting D．willhavemet8．﹣Thepresidentwilletoattendyourlectureat10：00tomorrow．﹣﹣I'msorry，bythenmylecturewillhavejustendedandI_________myfansinmyoffice．A．havemet B．willhavemetC．willmeet D．willbemeeting9．Inlessthantwomonths,theworld________theUAEAsianCup.A．waswatching B．watchedC．willbewatching D．hasbeenwatching10．Mom,isDadingtopickusup?Yes,Iamsurehe_________ontheplatformwhenwepullintothestation.A．stands B．stoodC．hasstood D．willbestanding11．—Don’tmakeaspecialjourneytopickupthelaundryforme.—It’sOK.I________totheshopanyway.A．wasgoing B．willhavegoneC．havegone D．willbegoing12．—Ifeelscared,sir.—Don’tworry.Ioutsideyourhousetonightanyemergency.A．willbestaying;incontrolof B．a(chǎn)mabouttostay;incaseofC．a(chǎn)mabouttostay;incontrolof D．willbestaying;incaseof13．—Couldyoumeetmeattheairportatnineo’clock?—I’dliketo,butI’mafraidI________averyimportantlecturethen.A．a(chǎn)mattending B．wasattendingC．willbeattending D．willhaveattended14．—CouldIborrowyourcartopickupafriendfromtheairportthisafternoonasmineisbroken?—Sorry,butI________amycaratthatmoment.A．a(chǎn)msuing B．havebeenusingC．willuse D．willbeusing15．Dearfriend,I______onatraintoFudanUniversitywhenyoureadthisletter.A．willsit B．sit C．willbesitting D．havesat16．Weallknowthatgoodresults________foryouwhenyoustartdoingthingsyoulove.A．a(chǎn)rewaiting B．havewaitedC．havebeenwaiting D．willbewaiting17．—Isitconvenientforyoutogoshoppingwithmeateighttomorrowmorning?—I’mafraidnot.I______then.A．willhavingameeting B．a(chǎn)mabouttohaveameetingC．a(chǎn)mhavingameeting D．willbehavingameeting18．I’lletoseeyourperformanceat9:00tomorrowevening.I’msorry,butbythenmyperformance____andI____reportersinthemeetingroom.A．willhaveended;willbemeeting B．willend;willmeetC．willbeended;amgoingtomeet D．istoend;willmeet19．—There’llbebillionsofpeopletowatchtheSpringFestivalgalaonTVtonight.—Iknow.Thewholeworld________.It’sareallywonderfulevent.A．watches B．iswatchingC．haswatched D．willbewatching20．Isn’titlovelytothinkthatI________myselfonthesunnybeachtomorrowatthistime.A．willenjoy B．willbeenjoying C．a(chǎn)menjoying D．shallenjoy21．CanIcallyoubackattwoo'clockthisafternoon?I'msorry,butbythenI____toBeijing.Howaboutfive?A．fly B．willflyC．willbeflying D．a(chǎn)mflying22．—The“No.1Document”isdesignedtohelptheruralpopulationincreasetheirines.—Ibelievethatpeasants’life______betterandbetter.A．willhavegot B．hasgot C．gets D．willbegetting23．—Ididn'tseeJackatthemeetingyesterday.—He_______someforeignguestsaroundourschoolatthattime.A．isshowing B．showed C．hadshown D．wasshowing24．—CanIcallyoubackattwoo'clockthisafternoon?—I'msorry,butatthattimeI_____animportantmeeting.Howaboutfive?A．a(chǎn)mhaving B．havehad C．willbehaving D．havebeenhaving25．Don’tworry!Youwon’tmissherattheairport.She____aredTshirtandawhiteskirtatthattime.A．hasworn B．willbewearing C．waswearing D．wore26．What_____you_____at6o’clocktomorrowevening?A．will;bedoing B．a(chǎn)re;doing C．will;havedone D．a(chǎn)re;done27．–ShallIcallyouatthistimetomorrowafternoon?–Sorry,I______anexamonDingTalk.A．willbetaking B．willtake C．willhavetaken D．a(chǎn)mtaking28．I’msorrybutIwillbeoccupiedthisafternoon.Atthreeo’clockI_________someguestsfromAfrica.A．willbereceiving B．a(chǎn)mreceivingC．receive D．a(chǎn)mtoreceive29．—I'llattendyourlectureafterIfinishmyclasstomorrow.—I'mafraidbythenIwillhaveconcludedmylectureand_____myguestsinmyoffice.A．meet B．havemet C．willbemeeting D．a(chǎn)mmeeting30．—Hopefully,China’seconomicpowerislikelytoincreaseintheyearstoe.—Well,trustme,moreandmoreforeigners________employmenthere.A．seek B．a(chǎn)reseeking C．willhavesought D．willbeseeking答案1．D2．B3．D4．A5．D6．A7．C8．D9．C10．D11．D12．D13．C14．D15．C16．D17．D18．A19．D20．B21．C22．D23．D24．C25．B26．A27．A28．A29．C30．D二、用單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成句子1.Thistimelastyear,thebridge_________(build).2.Tooursurprise,thiskindofshoes_________(sell)well.3.It_________(rain)foraweek;whenwillitstop?4.Greatchanges_________(takeplace)inmyhometowninthepastfewyears.5.BythetimeJuangetshome,hisfather_________(leave)forLondon.6.Thisisthesecondtimeyou_________(ask)togivealecture.7.WhenLiMinghurriedhome,hefoundthathismother_________(notsend)tohospitalyet.8.Don’tdelay!Tack_________(wait)foryouanxiouslyatthemoment.9.Atthistimetomorrowthedoctor_________(operate)onapatient.10.Iamnotusedto_________(treat)likethis.11.Iwon'tbeabletowatchtheprogrambecauseI________（do）myhomework.12.It'snousetryingtoseehimatsixthiseveningbecausehe_______（work）intheclinicthen.13.Whenheestomyhousetomorrow,I________（write）thereport.14.He__________（plain）theninthesupermarket.15.Ithinkthatthedoctor_________（work）onthesurgeryuntiltomorrowmorning.16.We_________（cycle）toworkthistimenextweek.17.Thistimetomorrowthey_______（play）bowlingorsoftball.18.Ithinkthatshe______________(work)onthisexperimentuntilnextmorning.19.Bythistimetomorrow,I_______(lie)onthebeach.20.I’msorry,bythenmylecturewillhaveendedandI_______(meet)myguests.21.Wewon'tbeavailableat2o'clocktomorrowafternoon,becausewe_____________________(attend)anartworkshopatthattime.22.I'msorrythatIcan'tansweryourphonecallat3:00thisafternoonbecauseI________(teach)aclassatthattime.23.Youcan’tmisshim.He____________(wear)adarkgreensuitandayellowtiewaitingforyou.24.I________________(attend)animportantmeetingthistimetomorrow,soIcan'tattendthetalkshow.25.Hopefullyyou_______(do)yourpartbyreadingPsyBloginacapandgown.26.Inthefuture,we_________(use)advancedtechnologyeverydayforautomaticcontrolofjustabouteverythinginourhome.27.Ifyouworkoutinthemornings,thenyou_________(get)thecalorieburningbenefitsforthewholeday,notinyoursleep.28.Janecan'tattendthemeetingat3o'clockthisafternoonbecauseshe_______(teach)aclassatthattime.29.He__________(lie)ononeofthesunnybeachesinHawaiialldaywhenhespendshisholidaythere.30.Don’tcallmebetween2:00and4:00thisafternoon.I_________(have)antestthen.答案：1.wasbeingbuilt2.sells3.hasbeenraining4.havetakenplace5.willhaveleft6.havebeenasked7.hadn’tbeensent8.iswaiting9.willbeoperating10.beingtreated11.willbedoing12.willbeworking13.willbewriting14.willbeplaining15.willbeworking16.shall/willbecycling17.willbeplaying18.willbeworking19.willbelying20.willbemeeting21.willbeattending/willattend22.willbeteaching23.willbewearing24.willbeattending25.willbedoing26.willbeusing27.willbegetting28.willbeteaching29.willbelying30.willbehaving上教版選擇性必修一Unit3Payingtheprice【單元語(yǔ)法】過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)及過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一、語(yǔ)態(tài)的概念英語(yǔ)中動(dòng)詞有主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(ActiveVoice)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(PassiveVoice)之分。如果主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的發(fā)出者，動(dòng)詞就用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；如果主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的承受者，動(dòng)詞就用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是：“助動(dòng)詞be/get＋及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”。二、過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的概念過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的疊合。表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間以前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，常與by，before等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，其構(gòu)成形式為“had＋been＋過(guò)去分詞”。三、過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)有以下三種形式1．過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的肯定式為：主語(yǔ)＋hadbeendone＋其他成分。如：Thetaskhadbeenfinishedbefore12：00yesterday.2．過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的否定式為：主語(yǔ)＋hadnotbeendone＋其他成分。如：Thetaskhadn’tbeenfinishedbefore12：00yesterday.3．過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的疑問(wèn)句式(1)過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的一般疑問(wèn)句需將had提到主語(yǔ)的前面，即had＋主語(yǔ)＋beendone＋其他成分。如：Hadthetaskbeenfinishedbefore12：00yesterday?(2)過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的特殊疑問(wèn)句為：疑問(wèn)詞＋had＋主語(yǔ)＋beendone＋其他成分。如：Whattimehadthetaskbeenfinishedyesterday?四、過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)常用于以下情況1．表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間以前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，常與by，before等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。(1)Bythetimehegottotheschool，thefirstperiodhadbeenfinished.當(dāng)他到達(dá)學(xué)校時(shí)，第一節(jié)課已經(jīng)結(jié)束了。(2)Theclassroomhadn’tbeencleanedbeforetheteachercame.老師來(lái)之前，教室還沒有打掃過(guò)。(3)Howmanybuildingshadbeendestroyedwhenthehurricaneended?颶風(fēng)結(jié)束時(shí)摧毀了多少建筑物？(4)Hadthenewplanbeendiscussedbeforethemeeting?這個(gè)新計(jì)劃在開會(huì)前討論過(guò)嗎？2．在told，said，knew，heard，thought等動(dòng)詞之后的賓語(yǔ)從句中，若表示過(guò)去某一被動(dòng)動(dòng)作時(shí)，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。(1)Theysaidtheproductioncostsoftheirpanyhadbeenreduced.他們說(shuō)公司的生產(chǎn)成本已經(jīng)降低了。(2)Theboywasremindedthathishomeworkhadnotbeenhandedin.這個(gè)男孩被提醒還沒有交家庭作業(yè)。(3)Themediareportedmorethan1,000peoplehadbeenkilledintheearthquake.媒體報(bào)道有1000多人在地震中喪生。3．根據(jù)語(yǔ)意可以判斷出兩個(gè)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作發(fā)生先后的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。(1)Astheassignmenthadbeendone，hewentontosearchtheInternet.因?yàn)槿蝿?wù)已經(jīng)完成了，他繼續(xù)上網(wǎng)。(2)Hedidwhathehadbeentoldto.他是按要求做的。五、過(guò)去完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示相對(duì)于現(xiàn)在來(lái)說(shuō)已被完成的動(dòng)作，過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示相對(duì)于過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻來(lái)說(shuō)已被完成的動(dòng)作。如：Thispollutedriverhasbeencleaned.這條被污染了的河流已被凈化。析：該句表示到現(xiàn)在為止這條河流已被凈化。如：HesaidthisbookhadbeentranslatedintoJapanese.他說(shuō)這本書已被譯成日語(yǔ)。析：該句表示到他說(shuō)話時(shí)所體現(xiàn)的時(shí)間為止這本書已被譯成日語(yǔ)?！菊n堂練習(xí)】1．Everything__________(get)readybythetimetheyarrived.2．Ifoundthelecturehardtofollowbecauseit______(start)whenIarrived.3．Whenyougetthepaperback，payspecialattentiontowhat_________(mark)．4．Hewasunhappywhenhesoldhisguitar.Afterall，he_____(have)itforaverylongtime.5．Theboy_______(notice)stealingabikebythepolice，sohewastakentothepolicestation.1.hadbeengotten2.hadstarted3.hasbeenmarked4.hadhad5.hadbeennoticedⅡ.完成句子6.當(dāng)我到電影院時(shí)，電影票已經(jīng)賣完了。7.校長(zhǎng)說(shuō)教學(xué)樓五月份前就已經(jīng)完工了。8.錢包是用報(bào)紙包著的，里面有一半他丟的錢。9.但令我們吃驚的是，第二天早上，我們被告知那些錢被偷了。10.他在來(lái)這兒之前已經(jīng)事先了解了當(dāng)?shù)氐娘L(fēng)俗和人們的生活習(xí)慣。6．AllthefilmticketshadbeensoldoutwhenIgottothecinema.7．TheheadmastersaidthattheteachingbuildinghadbeenpletedbeforeMay.8．Thewallethadbeenwrappedupinnewspaperanditcontainedhalfthemoneyhehadlost.9．Buttooursurprise，thenextmorning，weweretoldthatthemoneyhadbeenstolen.10．Hehadknownthecustomsandlivinghabitsofthelocalpeopleinadvancebeforehecamehere.Ⅲ.句型轉(zhuǎn)換1．Somebodyhadbrokenintotheroombeforewecame..→Theroomhadbeenbrokenintobeforewecame.2．Shehadgivenuscleardirectionsandwewereabletofinditeasily.→Wehadbeengivencleardirectionsbyherandwewereabletofinditeasily.3．Thereportswentmissingin2017andtheyhavenotbeenseenbyanybodysince.→Thereportswentmissingin2017andnobodyhasseenthemsince.4．Inthelastfewyears，Chinahasmadegreatachievementsinenvironmentalprotection.→GreatachievementsinenvironmentalprotectionhavebeenmadebyChinainthelastfewyears.5．Bobcalledtotellhismotherthathecouldn’tenterthehouse，forhiskeyhadbeenleftatschool.→Bobcalledtotellhismotherthathecouldn’tenterthehouse，forhehadlefthiskeyatschool.三、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1．概念過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行或者發(fā)生的被動(dòng)性動(dòng)作，就是指被動(dòng)狀態(tài)下的過(guò)去正在進(jìn)行、發(fā)生的事情。2．構(gòu)成①肯定句：主語(yǔ)＋be(was/were)＋beingdone＋其他。②否定句：主語(yǔ)＋be(was/were)＋not＋beingdone＋其他。③一般疑問(wèn)句：Be(was/were)＋主語(yǔ)＋beingdone＋其他？④特殊疑問(wèn)句：Wh-＋be(was/were)＋主語(yǔ)＋beingdone＋其他？主動(dòng)句：TheteacherwastellingSnowWhite[whenIgotthere]．主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)當(dāng)我到那里時(shí)，老師正在講《白雪公主》。被動(dòng)句：(肯定句)SnowWhitewasbeingtold(bytheteacher)[whenIgotthere]．主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)by＋執(zhí)行者狀語(yǔ)當(dāng)我到那里時(shí)，《白雪公主》正在被(老師)講。(否定句)SnowWhitewasn’tbeingtoldwhenIgotthere.(疑問(wèn)句)A：WasSnowWhitebeingtoldwhenIgotthere?B：Yes，itwas./No，itwasn’t.(特殊疑問(wèn)句)WhywasSnowWhitebeingtold(bytheteacher)疑問(wèn)詞主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)by＋執(zhí)行者[whenIgotthere]?狀語(yǔ)當(dāng)我到那里時(shí)，為什么《白雪公主》正在被(老師)講？3．用法(1)表示過(guò)去進(jìn)行的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作，經(jīng)常和時(shí)間副詞then，atthistimelastweek，atthismomentyesterday等連用。Thisissuewasbeingdiscussedatthismomentyesterdaybythepany’smanagers.這個(gè)議題昨天的這個(gè)時(shí)候正在被公司的經(jīng)理們討論。(2)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)階段正在進(jìn)行的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作(說(shuō)話時(shí)動(dòng)作不一定正在進(jìn)行)。ItissaidthathiscarwasbeingrepairedlastFridayinthegarage.據(jù)說(shuō)他的車上個(gè)周五正在修理廠被修。(3)進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)可以由“was/were＋under/on等介詞＋名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)代替。Manynewinventionswereonexhibitioninthemuseumatthistimelastyear.＝Manynewinventionswerebeingexhibitedinthemuseumatthistimelastyear.許多新發(fā)明去年的這個(gè)時(shí)候正在博物館被展出。Hedidn’tstayinmyroomlastnightbecauseitwasunderrepair.＝Hedidn’tstayinmyroomlastnightbecauseitwasbeingrepaired.昨天晚上他沒有住在我房間里，我的房間正在修繕?！菊n堂練習(xí)】Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．—Whydidn’tyoubringyourputerhereyesterday?—Oh，it__________(check)bymyneighborthen.2．Thetiger_______(feed)somenicemeatatthattimeyesterday.3．Nowwecancrossthebridgewhich_______(build)thistimelastmonth.4．He______(play)thephoneallthewayandwasalmostknockeddownbyacar.5．Youaren’tworriedabouttheserarebirds，forsomething_______(do)toprotectthematpresent.1.wasbeingchecked2.wasbeingfed3.wasbeingbuilt4.wasplaying5.isbeingdoneⅡ.完成句子6.我經(jīng)過(guò)教堂時(shí)，里面有很大的聲響。7.我第一次遇到Mary是在三年前。她那時(shí)在一個(gè)收音機(jī)商店上班。8.他匆忙趕回家，從未回頭看是否正被跟蹤。9.昨天早上他們一直在討論這些問(wèn)題。10.昨天下午3點(diǎn)他正在操場(chǎng)與他的朋友們一起打籃球。6．WhenIpassedthechurch，somenoisewasbeingmadeinside.7．IfirstmetMarythreeyearsago.Shewasworkingataradioshopatthetime.8．Hehurriedhome，neveroncelookingbacktoseeifhewasbeingfollowed.9．Theseproblemswerebeingdiscussedbythemthewholemorningyesterday.10．Hewasplayingbasketballwithhisfriendsontheplaygroundat3：00p．m.yesterday.Ⅲ.句型轉(zhuǎn)換1．IwaspracticingmyoralEnglishat8：00yesterdayevening.→MyoralEnglishwasbeingpracticedat8：00yesterdayevening.2．Thedogbitheronthelegwhenshewascatchingitontheroad.→Shewasbittenbythedogonthelegwhenshewascatchingitontheroad.3．Aletterwasbeingwrittenlastnight.ButIdon’tknowwhethershehasfinisheditornot.→Idon’tknowwhethershehasfinishedtheletterbeingwrittenlastnightornot.4．Hewasridingbesidethebusandwavinghisarms.Heheardapassengercryingforhelp.→Heheardapassengercryingforhelpwhileridingbesidethebusandwavinghisarms.5．IrememberedthecarkeyswereputonthechairbecausethephonerangasIwasingin.→IrememberedIputthecarkeysonthechairbecausethephonerangasIwasingin.上教版選擇性必修一Unit4Thesenses【單元語(yǔ)法】表語(yǔ)從句1、概述用作表語(yǔ)的從句叫作表語(yǔ)從句，它位于主句中的連系動(dòng)詞之后。引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的詞有從屬連詞that、whether、asthough(if)；連系代詞who,what,which,whom,whose,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever等；連系副詞when,where,why,how,however,whenever,wherever等?？梢越颖碚Z(yǔ)從句的連系動(dòng)詞由be,look,remain,seem等。That引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，在口語(yǔ)中，間或可以省略。Thetroubleisthatweareshortofmoney.困難是我們資金短缺。ThatiswhystonewallsareusedinsteadoffencesaroundNewEnglandfields.這就是為什么在新英格蘭用石頭墻而不用柵欄的原因。Atthattime,itseemedasifIcouldn'tthinkoftherightwordanyhow.當(dāng)時(shí),我似乎怎么也想不出一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)淖盅蹃?lái)。2、由連接詞that，whether引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句。that在引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)無(wú)詞義，而whether有詞義，意為、“是否”。這時(shí)主句的主語(yǔ)常常是些抽象名詞，如question(問(wèn)題)，trouble(麻煩)，problem(問(wèn)題)，result(結(jié)果)，chance(可能性)，suggestion(建議)，idea(想法)，reason(理由)等。表語(yǔ)從句對(duì)主句主語(yǔ)進(jìn)行說(shuō)明、解釋，使主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容具體化。Thetroubleis(that)shehaslosthismoney.麻煩的事是他丟了錢。Thequestioniswhetherweneedmoreicecream.問(wèn)題是我們是否還需要一些冰淇淋。Theproblemwasthatitwastoovaluableforeverydayuse.問(wèn)題是它作為日常之用太貴重了。Whatshecouldn’tunderstandwasthatfewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.我們不能理解越來(lái)越少的學(xué)生對(duì)他的課不感興趣。3、由連接代詞引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句。連接代詞who,what,which,whom,whose,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever等引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)，代詞不能省略。Thequestioniswhichofusshouldgo.問(wèn)題是我們哪一個(gè)應(yīng)該去。Theproblemwaswhocoulddothework.問(wèn)題是誰(shuí)能做這項(xiàng)工作。That'swhatheisworryingabout.那就是他在擔(dān)心的事。That'swhatweshoulddo.那是我們應(yīng)該做的。4、由連接副詞引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句。Goandgetyourcoat.It'swhereyouleftit.去把雨衣拿來(lái)。就在你原來(lái)放的地方。Ihadneitheraraincoatnoranumbrella.That’swhyIgotwetthrough.我們既沒傘也沒雨衣，這是我們淋濕的原因。Thatishowmiceruinmanystoresofgraineveryyear.那就是老鼠是怎樣每年損害大量糧食的。T