新高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)題型專練18 閱讀理解之主旨大意題(原卷版)

高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)題型專練（新高考）18閱讀理解之主旨大意題【考試方向】主旨大意題是高考閱讀理解的主要題型之一，旨在考查考生對(duì)文章大意或者文章中心思想的把握和歸納能力?！糁髦即笠忸}的分類1.從考查對(duì)象上劃分，主旨大意題可分為兩種①篇章主旨：針對(duì)全文的主題進(jìn)行提問。主題句出現(xiàn)在首段的居多，其次是末段。②段落主旨：針對(duì)某一段或幾段的主題提問。主題句可能是段落的首句、末句，也可能需要從上下文中尋找或總結(jié)。2.考查內(nèi)容上劃分，主旨大意題可分為三種①主題類(內(nèi)容)，考查文章或段落的主旨大意；②目的類，考查文章或段落的寫作目的；③標(biāo)題類，要求考生選出文章的最佳標(biāo)題?！粼O(shè)問特點(diǎn)1.考查全文主旨或段落大意。2.正確選項(xiàng)概況范圍大小恰當(dāng)，主旨判斷準(zhǔn)確。3.錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)常常是太大、太窄或者偏離主題，主觀臆斷。4.常以mainidea,bestidea,subject,mainlydiscuss等詞提問。◆?？紗栴}1.中心思想類Themainpoint/ideaofthepassageis…Thepassageismainlyabout…Thepassagemainlydiscusses…Thelastbutoneparagraphischieflyconcernedwith…?Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?2.標(biāo)題類Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldbe…3.目的類Theauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthepassageisto…Thepassageismeantto….Inwritingthispassage,theauthormainlyintendsto…【答題技巧】文章主題常?？梢酝ㄟ^文章的寫作方法來體現(xiàn)，有以下五種情況：1.中心主題句出現(xiàn)在文首開門見山，提出主題，隨之用細(xì)節(jié)來解釋、支撐或發(fā)展主題句所表達(dá)的主題思想。這是英語(yǔ)中最常見的演繹法寫作方式，即由一般到特殊，先提出觀點(diǎn)，后舉例論證，主題句則出現(xiàn)在段首的寫作方法。新聞報(bào)道通常就采用這種寫法。新聞報(bào)道的首句通常稱為“新聞導(dǎo)語(yǔ)”，“導(dǎo)語(yǔ)”實(shí)際上就是主題句，是對(duì)全文內(nèi)容的高度概括。大意題、標(biāo)題一般可在第一句話找到答題依據(jù)?！菊骖}再現(xiàn)】（2020·天津卷.第二次）Afteryearsofobservinghumannature,Ihavedecidedthattwoqualitiesmakethedifferencebetweenmenofgreatachievementandmenofaverageperformancecuriosityanddiscontent.Ihaveneverknownanoutstandingmanwholackedeither.AndIhaveneverknownanaveragemanwhohadboth.Thetwobelongtogether.Together,thesedeephumanurges(驅(qū)策力)countformuchmorethatambition.GalileowasnotmerelyambitiouswhenhedroppedobjectsofvaryingweightsfromtheLeaningToweratPisaandtimedtheirfalltotheground.LikeGalileo,allthegreatnamesinhistorywerecuriousandaskedindiscontent,“Why?Why?Why?”Fortunately,curiosityanddiscontentdon’thavetobelearned.Wearebornwiththemandneedonlyrecapturethem.“Thegreatman,”saidMencius(孟子),“ishewhodoesnotlosehischild’sheart.”Yetmostofusdoloseit.Westopaskingquestions.Westopchallengingcustom.Wejustfollowthecrowd.Andthecrowddesiresrestfulaverage.Itencouragesustooccupyourownlittlecorner,toavoidfoolishleapsintothedark,tobesatisfied.Mostofusmeetnewpeople,andnewideas,withhesitation.Butoncehavingmetandlikedthem,wethinkhowterribleitwouldhavebeen,hadwemissedthechance.Wewillprobablyhavetoforceourselvestowakenourcuriosityanddiscontentandkeepthemawake.Howshouldyoustart?Modestly,soasnottobecomediscouraged.Ithinkofonefriendwhocouldn’tarrangeflowerstosatisfyherself.Shewascuriousabouthowtheexpertsdidit.Howsheisoneoftheexperts,writingbooksonflowerarrangement.Onewaytobeginistoansweryourownexcuses.Youhaven’tanyspecialability?Mostpeopledon’t;thereareonlyafewgeniuses.Youhaven’tanytime?That’sgood,becauseit’salwaysthepeoplewithnotimewhogetthingsdone.HarrietStowe,motherofsix,wrotepartsofUncleTom’sCabinwhilecooking.You’retooold?RememberthatThomasCostainwas57whenhepublishedhisfirstnovel,andthatGrandmaMosesshowedherfirstpictureswhenshewas78.Howeveryoustart,rememberthereisnobettertimetostartthanrightnow,foryou’llneverbemorealivethanyouareatthismoment.1.InwritingParagraph1,theauthoraimsto________.A.proposeadefinitionB.makeacomparisonC.reachaconclusionD.presentanargument2.WhatdoestheexampleofGalileotellus?A.Trialanderrorleadstothefindingoftruth.B.Scientiststendtobecuriousandambitious.C.Creativityresultsfromchallengingauthority.D.Greatnesscomesfromalastingdesiretoexplore.3.Whatcanyoudotorecapturecuriosityanddiscontent?A.Observetheunknownaroundyou.B.Developaquestioningmind.C.Leadalifeofadventure.D.Followthefashion.4.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraphs6and7?A.Gainingsuccesshelpsyoubecomeanexpert.B.Thegeniustendstogetthingsdonecreatively.C.Lackoftalentandtimeisnoreasonfortakingnoaction.D.Youshouldremainmodestwhenapproachingperfection.5.Whatcouldbethebesttileorthepassage?A.CuriousMindsNeverFeelContentedB.ReflectionsonHumanNatureC.TheKeystoAchievementD.NeverTooLatetoLearn【答案】1.D2.D3.B4.C5.C【分析】本文是一篇議論文。文章論述了獲得成就的兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵因素——好奇心和不滿足。1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容Afteryearsofobservinghumannature,Ihavedecidedthattwoqualitiesmakethedifferencebetweenmenofgreatachievementandmenofaverageperformancecuriosityanddiscontent.Ihaveneverknownanoutstandingmanwholackedeither.AndIhaveneverknownanaveragemanwhohadboth.Thetwobelongtogether.可知，作者經(jīng)過多年對(duì)人性的觀察，認(rèn)為成就非凡的人和平庸的人的區(qū)別在于好奇心和不滿足，而且兩者是相輔相成的。由此推知，作者寫第一段的目的是提出一個(gè)論點(diǎn)。故選D。2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的LikeGalileo,allthegreatnamesinhistorywerecuriousandaskedindiscontent,“Why?Why?Why?”可知，像伽利略一樣，歷史上所有的偉人都感到好奇，并不滿地問：“為什么？為什么？為什么？”由此推知，伽利略的例子告訴我們，偉大來自于持久的探索欲望。故選D。3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的LikeGalileo,allthegreatnamesinhistorywerecuriousandaskedindiscontent,“Why?Why?Why?”及第四段中的“Thegreatman,”saidMencius(孟子),“ishewhodoesnotlosehischild’sheart.”Yetmostofusdoloseit.Westopaskingquestions.Westopchallengingcustom.Wejustfollowthecrowd.可知，歷史上所有的偉人都感到好奇，并不滿地問：“為什么？為什么？為什么？”孟子認(rèn)為“不失去孩子的心，就是偉大的人?！比欢覀兇蠖鄶?shù)人確實(shí)失去了它。我們不再問問題。我們不再挑戰(zhàn)習(xí)俗。我們只是隨大流。由此可知，你可以通過培養(yǎng)了一個(gè)善于提問的頭腦，來重新獲得好奇心和不滿。故選B。4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段中的Howsheisoneoftheexperts,writingbooksonflowerarrangement.及第七段中的Youhaven’tanyspecialability?Mostpeopledon’t;thereareonlyafewgeniuses.Youhaven’tanytime?That’sgood,becauseit’salwaysthepeoplewithnotimewhogetthingsdone.以及列舉了ThomasCostain在57歲時(shí)出版了他的第一部小說，GrandmaMoses在78歲時(shí)展示了她的第一批照片。由此可知，這兩段想告訴我們“缺乏天賦和時(shí)間不是不采取行動(dòng)的理由”。故選C。5.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容Afteryearsofobservinghumannature,Ihavedecidedthattwoqualitiesmakethedifferencebetweenmenofgreatachievementandmenofaverageperformancecuriosityanddiscontent.Ihaveneverknownanoutstandingmanwholackedeither.AndIhaveneverknownanaveragemanwhohadboth.Thetwobelongtogether.及下文論述可知，本文主要論述了獲得成就的兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵因素——好奇心和不滿足。由此可知，C項(xiàng)TheKeystoAchievement(成就的關(guān)鍵)適合做本文最佳標(biāo)題。故選C。2.主題句出現(xiàn)在文尾在細(xì)節(jié)后，歸納要點(diǎn)、印象、結(jié)論、建議或結(jié)果，以概括主題。這是英語(yǔ)中最常見的歸納法寫作方式，即細(xì)節(jié)表述的句子在前，概括性的句子居后，主題句則常位于末段。【真題再現(xiàn)】ThefamousAmericangorilla(大猩猩)expertDianeFosseyhadacompletelynewwaytostudygorillas—shepretendedtobeoneofthem.Shecopiedtheiractionsandwayoflife—eatingplantsandgettingdownonherhandsandkneestowalkthewayagorilladoes.Itwasanewrelationship.DianeFosseywasmurderedinRwandain1985andherstorywasmadeintothepopularfilmGorillasintheMist.ItwasalongwayfromKingKong,whichisaboutagorillaasamonster(afrighteninganimal),andhelpedtoshowanewidea:therealmonsterisman,whilethegorillaistobeadmired.Todaytherearethoughttobearound48,000lowlandgorillasandmaybe400—450mountaingorillasinthewild.FromtheCongoinWestAfrica,toRwandaandUgandafurthereast,theyareendangeredbyhuntingandbythecuttingdownoftheirforesthomes.Sometimeago,IfoundinmyletterboxalittlemagazinefromtheWorldWideFundforNature.Ithadtwophotossidebyside.Onewasofayounggorilla.“Thisisaspeciesofmammal(哺乳類動(dòng)物),”saidthewordsbelowit.“Itisbeingdestroyedbyman.Wemustsaveitforourowngood.”Theotherphotoshowedahumanbaby.Thewordsalsoread,“Thisisaspeciesofmammal,”butthenwenton:“Itisthemostdestructive(破壞性的)onearth.Wemustretrainitforitsowngood.”56.Thetextmainlytalksabout_____.A.DianeFosseyB.thegorillasinRwandaC.theprotectionofthegorillasD.thefilmGorillasintheMist【答案】C【解析】文章第一段談到DianeFossey對(duì)大猩猩的研究；第二段談到根據(jù)她的事跡所拍攝的影片；第三段談到了大猩猩數(shù)量減少的原因；最后一段談到保護(hù)大猩猩的宣傳的措施。前面三段都是為最后一段做鋪墊的，從最后一段的“Itisbeingdestroyedbyman.Wemustsaveitforourowngood.”可知，最主要的目的還是要人們保護(hù)大猩猩。3.首尾呼應(yīng)的寫作方法為突出主題，作者先提出主題，結(jié)尾時(shí)再次點(diǎn)出主題，這種首尾呼應(yīng)的寫作方式也較為多見。通常，前后表述主題的句子不是簡(jiǎn)單的重復(fù)，后面的往往有進(jìn)一步的引申或發(fā)展的意味。例如：Lacrosse(曲棍球)isapopularsportinCanada.TheIndiansinCanadainventedit.Theyusedittotrainforwar.TheyinventedthisgamebeforeColumbusarrivedintheNewWorld.Peopleplaylacrosseoutdoors.Thelacrossefieldissevenmeterslong.Ateachendofthefieldthereisagoal.Thegoalisanet.Therearetenplayersoneachteam.Eachplayerhasastickcalled“cross”.Theplayerhitaballintothenetasmanytimesaspossible.Lacrosseisaveryfastgamebecausetheplayerscancatchandpasstheballatahighspeedwiththeirsticks.Playersoftengetgreatfunitplayinglacrosse.TherearemanylacrosseclubsandlacrosseteamsalloverCanada.EverynightCanadianscanwatchthelacrossegamesonTVorlistentothelacrossegamesovertheradio.AtonetimelacrossewasthenationalsummersportinCanada.TodayitisstillpopularwithCanadians.1.Thepassageismainlyabout___________.A.HowtoPlayLacrosseB.LacrosseinCanadaC.TheHistoryofLacrosseD.Lacrosse—APopularGameinCanada【答案】D【解析】作者先后兩次提到“長(zhǎng)曲棍球在加拿大很受歡迎”，顯然選項(xiàng)D最符合短文的主題。4.中心主題隱含在全文之中，沒有明確的主題句閱讀這樣的文章，就要求考生根據(jù)文章的細(xì)節(jié)來分析，概括出段落的主題，從而推導(dǎo)出文章的主旨。分析的方法是，先弄清該段落主要講了哪幾個(gè)方面的內(nèi)容，這些內(nèi)容在邏輯上有什么聯(lián)系，然后加以歸納形成主題。該類型的試題則迎刃而解。【真題再現(xiàn)】（2020·全國(guó)卷II）Someparentswillbuyanyhigh-techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelptheirchild,butresearcherssaidpuzzleshelpchildrenwithmath-relatedskills.PsychologistSusanLevine,anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentinyoungchildrentheUniversityofChicago,foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognition(認(rèn)知)aftercontrollingfordifferencesinparents’income,educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.Theresearchersanalyzedvideorecordingsof53child-parentpairsduringeverydayactivitiesathomeandfoundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillswhenassessedat54monthsofage.“Thechildrenwhoplayedwithpuzzlesperformedbetterthanthosewhodidnot,ontasksthatassessedtheirabilitytorotate(旋轉(zhuǎn))andtranslateshapes,”Levinesaidinastatement.Theparentswereaskedtointeractwiththeirchildrenastheynormallywould,andabouthalfofchildreninthestudyplayedwithpuzzlesatonetime.Higher-incomeparentstendedtohavechildrenplaywithpuzzlesmorefrequently,andbothboysandgirlswhoplayedwithpuzzleshadbetterspatialskills.However,boystendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls,andtheparentsofboysprovidedmorespatiallanguageandweremoreactiveduringpuzzleplaythanparentsofgirls.ThefindingswerepublishedinthejournalDevelopmentalScience.6.Inwhichaspectdochildrenbenefitfrompuzzleplay?A.Buildingconfidence. B.Developingspatialskills.C.Learningself-control. D.Gaininghigh-techknowledge.7.WhatdidLevinetakeintoconsiderationwhendesigningherexperiment？A.Parents’age. B.Children’simagination.C.Parents’education. D.Child-parentrelationship.8.Howdoboydifferfromgirlsinpuzzleplay?A.Theyplaywithpuzzlesmoreoften.B.Theytendtotalklessduringthegame.C.Theyprefertousemorespatiallanguage.D.Theyarelikelytoplaywithtougherpuzzles.9.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Amathematicalmethod. B.Ascientificstudy.C.Awomanpsychologist D.Ateachingprogram.【答案】6.B7.C8.D9.B【分析】本文是說明文。是關(guān)于孩子們玩智力游戲的研究，介紹了研究考慮的因素，研究過程和結(jié)果。6.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中…foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4developbetterspatialskill(在2歲到4歲之間玩智力游戲的兒童在空間能力方面更好)可知，孩子們可以從智力游戲中發(fā)展更好的空間技能。B.Developingspatialskills(發(fā)展空間能力)符合以上說法，故選B項(xiàng)。7.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognitionaftercontrollingfordifferenceinparents'income,educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.(Levine說，在父母的收入、教育和父母談話次數(shù)方面控制差異性之后，拼圖游戲被發(fā)現(xiàn)是一個(gè)重要的認(rèn)知預(yù)測(cè))可知Levine在設(shè)計(jì)這個(gè)試驗(yàn)時(shí)考慮了父母的收入、教育程度和父母談話的次數(shù)。C.Parents'education.(父母的教育)符合以上說法，故選C項(xiàng)。8.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中However,boystendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls,可知男孩比女孩更喜歡玩復(fù)雜的謎題，即他們可能會(huì)玩難度更大的謎題。D.Theyarelikelytoplaywithtougherpuzzles.(他們有可能玩更復(fù)雜的謎題)符合以上說法，故選D項(xiàng)。9.主旨大意題。本文是關(guān)于孩子們玩智力游戲的研究，介紹了研究考慮的因素，研究過程和結(jié)果。所以是關(guān)于科學(xué)研究的。B.Ascientificstudy(一項(xiàng)科學(xué)研究)符合以上說法，故選B項(xiàng)。5.主題句出現(xiàn)在文章的中間通常前面只提出問題，文中的主題由隨之陳述的細(xì)節(jié)或合乎邏輯的引申在文中導(dǎo)出，而后又作進(jìn)一步的解釋、支撐或發(fā)展?！菊骖}再現(xiàn)】（2020年1月·浙江卷）Today'sworldisnotaneasyadjustmentforyoungadults.Keyskillsetforsuccessispersistence(毅力),acharacteristicthatresearcherssayisheavilyinfluencedbyfathers.ResearchersfromBrighamYoungUniversitydiscoveredthatfathersareinauniquepositiontohelptheiradolescentchildrenlearnpersistence.BYUprofessorsLauraPadilla-WalkerandRandalDayarrivedatthesefindingsafterfollowing325Americanfamiliesoverseveralyears.Andovertime，thepersistencegainedthroughfathersledtohigherachievementinschool."Therearerelativelyfewstudiesthatstresstheuniqueroleoffathers，"Padilla-Walkersaid."Thisresearchalsohelpstoprovethatcharacteristicssuchaspersistence-whichcanbetaught-arekeytoachild'slifesuccess.”Researchersdeterminedthatdadsneedtopracticean"authoritative"parentingstyle.Authoritativeparentingisnotauthoritarian:rigid，demandingorcontrolling.Rather，anauthoritativeparentingstyleincludessomeofthefollowingcharacteristics:childrenfeelwarmthandlovefromtheirfather；responsibilityandthereasonsbehindrulesarestressedchildrenaregivenanappropriatelevelofautonomy(自主權(quán)).Inthestudy，about52percentofthedadsexhibitedabove-averagelevelsofauthoritativeparenting.Akeyfindingisthatovertime，childrenraisedbyanauthoritativefatherweresignificantlymorelikelytodeveloppersistence，whichleadstobetteroutcomesinschool.Thisparticularstudyexamined11to14-year-oldslivingintwo-parenthomes.Yettheresearcherssuggestthatsingleparentsstillmayplayaroleinteachingthebenefitsofpersistence，whichisanavenueoffutureresearch.10.WhatisspecialabouttheBYUprofessors'study?A.Itcenteredonfathers'roleinparenting.B.Itwasbasedonanumberoflargefamilies.C.Itanalyzeddifferentkindsofparentingstyles.D.Itaimedtoimprovekids'achievementinschool.11.Whatwouldanauthoritativefatherdowhenraisinghischildren?A.Ignoretheirdemands. B.Makedecisionsforthem.C.Controltheirbehaviors. D.Explaintherulestothem.12.Whichgroupcanbeafocusoffuturestudiesaccordingtotheresearchers?A.Singleparents.B.Childrenagedfrom11to14.C.Authoritarianfathers.D.Mothersintwo-parenthomes.13.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ThreeCharacteristicsofAuthoritativeFathers.B.KeySkillsforYoungAdultstoSucceedinFuture.C.ChildrenTendtoLearnDeterminationfromFather.D.FamilyRelationshipInfluencesSchoolPerformance.【答案】10.A11.D12.A13.C【分析】這是一篇說明文。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，父親在幫助青春期的孩子學(xué)習(xí)毅力方面具有獨(dú)特的地位。研究人員認(rèn)為，父親們需要采用一種“權(quán)威”的養(yǎng)育方式，且一項(xiàng)重要的發(fā)現(xiàn)是，隨著時(shí)間的推移，由權(quán)威父親撫養(yǎng)長(zhǎng)大的孩子更有可能培養(yǎng)出堅(jiān)持不懈的精神，從而在學(xué)校取得更好的成績(jī)。10.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句ResearchersfromBrighamYoungUniversitydiscoveredthatfathersareinauniquepositiontohelptheiradolescentchildrenlearnpersistence.（楊百翰大學(xué)的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，父親在幫助青春期的孩子學(xué)習(xí)毅力方面具有獨(dú)特的地位）可知楊百翰大學(xué)研究的特別之處在于，它關(guān)注的是父親在養(yǎng)育子女中的角色。故選A。11.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中Rather，anauthoritativeparentingstyleincludessomeofthefollowingcharacteristics:childrenfeelwarmthandlovefromtheirfather；responsibilityandthereasonsbehindrulesarestressedchildrenaregivenanappropriatelevelofautonomy.（相反，權(quán)威的養(yǎng)育方式包括以下一些特征:孩子們感受到來自父親的溫暖和愛；強(qiáng)調(diào)責(zé)任和規(guī)則背后的原因；孩子們被給予適當(dāng)?shù)淖灾鳈?quán)）可知一個(gè)有權(quán)威的父親在撫養(yǎng)孩子時(shí)會(huì)向他們解釋規(guī)則。故選D。12.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句Yettheresearcherssuggestthatsingleparentsstillmayplayaroleinteachingthebenefitsofpersistence，whichisanavenueoffutureresearch.（然而，研究人員認(rèn)為，單親父母仍然可能在教授堅(jiān)持不懈的好處方面發(fā)揮作用，這是未來研究的一個(gè)方向）可知根據(jù)研究人員的說法，單親父母是未來研究的重點(diǎn)。故選A。13.主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段中Akeyfindingisthatovertime，childrenraisedbyanauthoritativefatherweresignificantlymorelikelytodeveloppersistence，whichleadstobetteroutcomesinschool.（一項(xiàng)重要的發(fā)現(xiàn)是，隨著時(shí)間的推移，由權(quán)威父親撫養(yǎng)長(zhǎng)大的孩子更有可能培養(yǎng)出堅(jiān)持不懈的精神，從而在學(xué)校取得更好的成績(jī)）和文章主要內(nèi)容為說明父親在養(yǎng)育子女中的角色，故選C選項(xiàng)“孩子們傾向于向父親學(xué)習(xí)決心”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選C。【題型演練】1Asdigitaldevices（設(shè)備）havetakenoversociety,“keyboardactivityisnowoftenrecommendedasasubstituteforearlyhandwriting,"anewstudynotes.Theideaisthattypingmaybeeasierforyoungchildren.“SomeschoolsinNorwayhavebecomecompletelydigital,"notesAudreyVanderMeer,thenewstudy'sleader,whomeasuresbrainactivitytobetterunderstandlearningandbehaviors.SheworksattheNorwegianUniversityofScienceandTechnologyinTrondheim.Thehumanbrainhasdevelopedtointeractwiththeworldinasmanywaysaspossible,shenotes.Shebelievesthatyoungchildrenshouldlearntowritebyhandsuccessfully,and,atthesametimelearntomanageakeyboard.Usingapeninvolvesmoreofthebrainthanusingakeyboard,hernewfindingsshow.Thisisbecausewritingandprintinginvolvecomplexmovementsthatactivatemoreareasofthebrain.Theincreasedbrainactivity,"givesthebrainmore'hooks'tohangyourmemorieson,"sheexplains.Thinkaboutit.Thesamemovementisrequiredtotypeeachletteronakeyboard.Bycomparison,whenwewrite,ourbrainneedstothinkaboutandrecovermemoriesoftheshapeofeachletter.Wealsoneedtouseoureyestowatchwhatshapeswe'rewriting.Andweneedtocontrolourhandstopressapenorpenciltoshapethedifferentletters.Allofthisusesandconnectsmoreareasofthebrain.Alongtheway,theseprocessesappearto“openthebrainupforlearning",saysVanderMeer.Solearningthroughonlyoneformat—digital—couldbeharmful,sheworries.VanderMeeralsopointsoutthattakingnotesbyhandstimulates（激發(fā)）"visualnotetaking".Ratherthantypingblindly,thevisualnote-takerhastothinkaboutwhatisimportanttowritedown.Then,keywordscanbe"interlinkedbyboxes,andarrows,andsupplementedbysmalldrawings".1.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Digitaldevicesarepopularwithstudents.B.Handwritingbeatstypingintakingnotes.C.Theprocessoftakingnoteschangesthinking.D.Thenewstudymakescontributionstoscience.2.WhatshouldyoungkidsdoaccordingtoVanderMeer?A.Communicatewiththeworld. B.Relyonkeyboardactivity.C.Learntowritebyhand. D.Masterbasicdrawingskills.3.Howdoestheauthordrawtheconclusion?A.Bystudyinghowthebraindevelops. B.Byobservingsocialphenomena.C.Byassessingfunctionsofsenses. D.Bycomparingwaysoftakingnotes.4.Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythetextappear?A.Relationship. B.Fashion.C.Culture. D.Science.2Throughanagreementsignedtoday,themuch-lovedanimalswillcontinuetodelightvisitorsforanotherthreeyears,throughDecember7,2023.“We’reallveryexcited,”saysSteveMonfort,thedirectoroftheSmithsonian’sNationalZooandConservationBiologyInstitute.“It’sverygoodthatwecancontinueourcooperationwithourChinesecolleagues.”ThefemalegiantpandaMeiXiangandmaleTianTian,willreturntoChinaattheendof2023attherelativelyelderpandaagesof25and26respectively（分別地).Theprobablelifetimeforgiantpandasisabout15to20yearsinthewild,andabout30yearsincaptivity(圈養(yǎng)).LikelytotravelwiththetwoisXiaoQiJi（LittleMiracle）,whowasbornonAugust21,2020.The15-week-oldmalecubisthefourthofMeiXiang’sfoursurvivingcubs.Bylong-standingagreement,cubsbornincaptivityatthezooaresenttoChinabeforefour.WhenXiaoQiJiwasborn,hismotherMeiXiangbecametheoldestgiantpandatogivebirthinNorthAmerica.ThepublichasyettoseeXiaoQiJiinperson.Normally,itwouldbeataboutthistime,alittleover100days,thatacubwouldbeabletobesharedwiththepublic.Over1.6millionpeoplehavewatchedtheZoo'sPandaCamsincetheAugustbirth,withatotalof8.8millionpageviews.Justthisweek,hisparents,MeiXiangandTianTianmarked20yearsinWashington,D.C..TheextensionagreementmeansthattheNationalZooandChinawillreachahalfcenturyofconservationandcooperationbetweentheU.S.andChina.“Itshouldn'tbesurprisingtopeoplethatcooperationisthefoundationofthewaythatonedoesthework.”Monfortsays,“Inprotectingspecies,nooneorganizationandoftennotevenonegovernmentcantheoreticallysaveaspecieswithoutpartnership.”5.Whatistheagreementabout?A.Twopandas'threemoreyearsintheUSA.B.CooperationbetweentheZooandChina.C.ThefirstpublicappearanceofXiaoQiJi.D.Thewaytoreturnhomeforthreepandas.6.WhatdoweknowaboutMeiXiang?A.Shehasbeenabroadfor20years. B.ShehasbeensentbacktoChina.C.ShewasbornintheNationalZoo. D.She'stheoldestpandatogivebirth.7.What'sthepublic'sattitudetowardsthenewly-bornpanda?A.Uncaring. B.Enthusiastic.C.Cautious. D.Sympathetic8.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.MeiXiangHasGivenBirthtoXiaoQiJiB.CooperationIsKeytoAnimalProtectionC.ExtensionAgreementonPandasIsReachedD.LifetimeforGiantPandasIsFiguredOut3Inthe1966science-fictionfilmTheFantasticVoyage,ateamofscientistsanddoctorsareshrunktomicroscopicsizeinjectedintothebodyofaninjuredmantosavehislife.Thetinycrewtravelsthroughthebody'sdangerousenvironmenttolocateandrepairthedamagedpartoftheman'sbody.Eventually,thegroupmanagestocompletetheirtaskandthemanawakens,fullycured.Suchanideasoundsextraordinarytomany,Butwhatifitwerepossibletocureadiseaselikeacancer,usingtinyparticlesinjectedintoapersontofindthecanceranddestroyitwithoutharminganythingelseinthebody?Althoughitmayseemlikesciencefiction,toolslikethisarenowbeingdevelopedandmaybecomecommoninthenearfuture—thankstoresearchcurrentlybeingdoneinthefieldofnanotechnology.Nanotechnology（納米技術(shù)）isreallysmall.Theprefix"nano"referstoananometer,whichisone-billionthofameter.Acommaonapageofabookormagazinemaybemorethanhalfamillionnanometer.Usingthistechnology,itwillbepossibletodetectcanceratastagewhenthereareperhapsonlyathousandbadcells.Comparethistowhathappenstoday:doctorscandiagnosecanceronlyafterthedangerouscellshavemultipliedintomillionsanddevelopedatumor.Oneoftheadvantagesofdetectingandtreatingcanceristhatthecellsislesslikelytoberesistanttodrugtreatment.Rightnow,mostcancertreatmentskillnotonlythedangerouscellsbutthehealthyonesaswell.Nanoparticleswillallowdoctorstoattackcanceroustumorswithoutdisturbinghealthycells.Thus,itcandelivercancer-killingdrugstothecancercellsandallowdoctorstodelivercancertreatmentearlier,faster,andmorethoroughly.Unfortunately,thereareseriousconcernsthatthesesamematerialscouldhavenegativeenvironmentandhealtheffects.Inrecentstudies,fishexposedtowatercontaininglargeamountsofnanoparticlessufferedbraindamage.Andpeopleareatriskaswell.Butmanyscientistsdon'tthinkresearchintoitsmanyusesshouldbestopped.Meanwhile,researchintotheusesofnanotechnologyinhealthandotherfieldscontinues."What'samazingishowquicklythisisevolving",sayschemistVickiColin."eventenyearsago,alotoftheseapplicationswouldhaveseemedprettyunrealistic."Perhaps,theoldmovie,TheFantasticVoyage,isn'tsohardtobelieveafterall.9.Whatisthereadingmainlyabout?A.AfilmcalledTheFantasticVoyage.B.Howtodetectdifferentcancers.C.Thedangersandsideeffectsofnanotechnology.D.Theapplicationanddevelopmentofnanotechnology.10.Whatwillhappenifhumanbeingsareexposedtolargeamountsofnanoparticles?A.Itwillnothaveanyinfluences.B.Itmaypreventmanysideeffects.C.Theywillbeindanger.D.Varietiesofcancerswillbecured.11.What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardsnanotechnology?A.Skeptical. B.Objective.C.Critical D.Indifferent.12.WhichofthefollowingstatementswillVickiColinsupport?A.Nanotechnologyhasprogressedalotinthelastdecade.B.Tenyearsago,nanotechnologywereveryrealistic.C.Someoftheseapplicationsaretenyearsold.D.Intenyears,therehavebeenfewrealisticapplicationsfornanotechnology.4WhatmakesapersonbecomeanOlympicchampion?Inreality,acombinationofbiologicalenvironmental,andpsychologicalfactorsaswellastrainingandpractice,allgointomakingasuperathlete.Perhapsthemostimportantfactorinvolvedinbecomingasuperathleteisgenetics.MostOlympiccompetitorsareequippedwithcertainuniquephysicalcharacteristics.Takeasuperathlete'smuscles,forexample.Inmosthumanskeletalmuscles,therearefast-twitchfibersandslow-twitchfibers.Fast-twitchfibershelpusmovequickly.Theyallowweightlifterstolifthundredsofkilosfromthegroundandovertheirheadsinseconds.Thelegsofasupermarathonrunner,ontheotherhand,mightcontainupto90percentslow-twitchmusclefibers,whichgenerateenergyefficientlyandenablepeopletocontroltirednessandkeepmovingforalongerperiodoftimewhentheyexerciselongorhard.Someathletes'abilitiesarenaturallyenhancedbytheirenvironment.Thoseraisedathighaltitudeshavebloodthatisrichinhemoglobin,whichenablestheseathletestorunbetter,CulturalfactorsalsohelpTeglaLoroupe,ayoungwomanfromnorthernKenya,wonseveralmarathons.Sheattributessomeofhersuccesstohercountry'shighaltitudeandherculturalbackground.Asachild,shehadtoruntenkilometerstoschooleveryday.Althoughgenetics,environment,andevencultureplayapartinbecomingasuperathlete,trainingandpracticeareneededtosucceed.Weightliftersandgymnastsperfecttheirskillsbyrepeatingthesamemotionsagainandagainuntiltheyareautomatic.Trainingthiswayrequiresanathletetobenotonlyphysicallyfitbutpsychologicallyhealthyaswell.Howdoathletesadjusttosuchintensepressure?Louganisexplainshowhelearnedtocontrolhisanxietyduringacompetition:"Mostdiversthinktoomuch…,"hesays."They'retoomuchintheirheads.Whatworkedformewashumor.Irememberthinkingaboutwhatmymotherwouldsayifshesawmedoabaddive.She'dprobablyjustcomplimentmeonthebeautifulsplash."13.Havingalotofslow-twitchmusclefibersisparticularlyimportantfor.A.Weightlifters. B.Divers. C.Cyclists. D.Tabletennisplayers.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“attribute”inParagraph3probablymean?A.Devotes. B.Compares. C.Exposes. D.Owes.15.HowdoesLouganisdealwithhisanxietyaccordingtothepassage?A.Bythinkingtoomuch. B.Bytraininghard.C.Bylaughingattheamusingthings D.Byspeaki