2024-2025學年高二上學期期中模擬考試英語試題（全解全析）（北京專用）

2024-2025學年高二上學期期中模擬卷（北京卷）英語（考試時間：100分鐘試卷滿分：100分）注意事項：1．本試卷分第Ⅰ卷（選擇題）和第Ⅱ卷（非選擇題）兩部分。答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準考證號填寫在答題卡上。2．回答第Ⅰ卷時，選出每小題答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標號。寫在本試卷上無效。3．回答第Ⅱ卷時，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。4．難度系數(shù)：0.65。5．考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分：知識運用（共兩節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共10小題：每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題紙上將該選項涂黑。Sportsareimportantinourfamily.Bothofoursonswerehigh-schoolathletes.So,Ishouldn’thavebeen1whenLaurenannouncedshewasgoingoutforthegirls’basketballteam.ButIwas,becauseshehasDownsyndrome(唐氏綜合癥).MywifeandInevertoldLaurenthatshewas2.Wetreatedherlikeourotherchildren.Wedidn’twanthertofeeldisabled.“I’mgonnaplaybasketball,Daddy.”LaurenrantomeetmewhenIcameinfromwork.Sheflewintomyarmsandlingeredlonginmyembrace.“That’s3,honey,”Ipattedhershoulderandwalkedintothekitchen.Mywifespokeslowly,hertonesteady.“WhatLauren’stryingtosayisthatshe’sjoiningthegirls’high-schoolbasketballteam.”Herwords4in.Everythingthatcouldhappenflashedthroughmymind.Butwhatcouldwedo?Mid-November,theseason’sfirstbasketballgamearrived.Itgotofftoagoodstart,butsoonVerden,Lauren’steam,wasbehind.Lauren5followedthemovementonthecourtandreactedtoeveryshot.Eventhoughshewasn’tplaying,shelookedasifshewerehavingthetimeofherlife.Justlessthantwominuteswereleft,andVerdenwasdownbyseventeenpointswhenLaurenwascalledinforthegame!She6theothersfairlywell.Fromheragilemovementandeagerexpression,Iknewshewasdesperatetoscoreforherteam.ThentheypassedLaurentheball.She7it.Sheshot.Shescored!Afewminuteslater,Laurenjoinedusinthestands.“Didyousee?Iscored!Imadea8!”Forsixteenyears,I’dtriedhardto9Laurenfromfeelinglikeshewasdifferent.ButwatchingLaureninthegame,Isawthatshereallywasdifferent—notphysicallyoremotionally,but10.1．A．disappointed B．surprised C．depressed D．embarrassed2．A．normal B．ordinary C．different D．typical3．A．a(chǎn)wful B．strange C．hard D．nice4．A．sank B．poured C．came D．kicked5．A．frequently B．carelessly C．a(chǎn)ttentively D．repeatedly6．A．keptpacewith B．gavewayto C．putupwith D．brokeawayfrom7．A．threw B．missed C．cast D．caught8．A．mistake B．record C．mess D．basket9．A．excuse B．shelter C．discourage D．prohibit10．A．consciously B．spiritually C．literally D．socially【答案】1．B2．C3．D4．A5．C6．A7．D8．D9．B10．B【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了一位女孩勞倫，她有唐氏綜合癥，但是她的父母一直以來都沒有告訴她這個事實，并且對她和其他孩子一樣對待。Laure表現(xiàn)出對籃球的興趣，并加入了女子籃球隊。在一場比賽中，雖然她被叫上場的時間很短，但她成功地投籃得分，這讓她感到非常自豪。通過這次比賽，父親意識到勞倫的不同之處不僅僅是身體和情感上的，而是她對生活的態(tài)度。1．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：所以，當勞倫宣布她要參加女子籃球隊時，我不應(yīng)該感到驚訝。A.disappointed沮喪的；B.surprised驚訝的；C.depressed沮喪的；D.embarrassed尷尬的。根據(jù)“ButIwas,becauseshehasDownsyndrome”可知，對于正常的孩子來說參加籃球隊是不應(yīng)該感到驚訝的，但因為勞倫有唐氏綜合征，她要參加籃球隊這是讓作者驚訝的。故選B。2．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我和妻子從未告訴勞倫她與眾不同。A.normal正常的；B.ordinary普通的；C.different不同的；D.typical典型的。根據(jù)“Wetreatedherlikeourotherchildren.Wedidn’twanthertofeeldisabled.”可知，作者和妻子從未告訴勞倫她與眾不同，作者對待她與對待其他的孩子是一樣的。故選C。3．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：太好了，親愛的。A.awful糟糕的；B.strange奇怪的；C.hard困難的；D.nice愉快的。根據(jù)““I’mgonnaplaybasketball,Daddy.””可知，勞倫告訴作者其要參加籃球隊，作為父親，作者表示贊同。故選D。4．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：她的話被理解了。A.sank沉入，被理解；B.poured傾倒；C.came來到；D.kicked踢。根據(jù)““WhatLauren’stryingtosayisthatshe’sjoiningthegirls’high-schoolbasketballteam.””可知，作者理解了勞倫的話即勞倫想說的是她要加入女子高中籃球隊。故選A。5．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：勞倫專注地注視著場上的動作，對每一個投籃都做出反應(yīng)。A.frequently經(jīng)常地；B.carelessly不小心地；C.attentively注意地；D.repeatedly反復(fù)的。根據(jù)“reactedtoeveryshot”可知，勞倫專注地注視著場上的動作，對每一個投籃都做出反應(yīng)。故選C。6．考查動詞短語辨析。句意：她能跟上其他人步調(diào)，跟的相當好。A.keptpacewith跟上；B.gavewayto讓位給；C.putupwith忍受；D.brokeawayfrom逃離。根據(jù)“theothersfairlywell”可知，她能跟上其他人步調(diào)，跟的相當好。故選A。7．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：她抓住了球。A.threw投擲；B.missed錯過；C.cast投擲；D.caught抓住。根據(jù)“ThentheypassedLaurentheball.”可知，隊友們把球傳給了勞倫，勞倫接住了球即抓住了球。故選D。8．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我投進球了！A.mistake錯誤；B.record記錄；C.mess混亂；D.basket投籃得分。根據(jù)“Iscored!”可知，勞倫進球了。故選D。9．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：16年來，我一直努力不讓勞倫覺得自己與眾不同。A.excuse借口；B.shelter提供保護；C.discourage使泄氣；D.prohibit禁止。根據(jù)“fromfeelinglikeshewasdifferent”可知，作者一直努力不讓勞倫覺得自己與眾不同。故選B。10．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：但看著比賽中的勞倫，我發(fā)現(xiàn)她真的與眾不同——不是身體上的，也不是情感上的，而是精神上的。A.consciously有意識地；B.spiritually精神上地；C.literally文字地；D.socially社交地。根據(jù)“notphysicallyoremotionally”可知，看著比賽中的勞倫，作者發(fā)現(xiàn)她真的與眾不同——不是身體上的，也不是情感上的，而是精神上的。故選B。第二節(jié)語法填空（共10小題，每小題1.5分,共15分）閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空，在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。ATheworldwillobserveInternationalMuseumDayonMay18th.Since1977,thisday11(celebrate)bytheInternationalCouncilofMuseumsannuallytoraiseawarenessoftherolethatmuseumsplayinthedevelopmentofsociety.Thedayisanexcellentwayof12(get)moreoftheyoungergenerationsinterestedinthehistoryandcultureavailableinmuseums.Everyyear,theorganization13(decide)onanewtheme.Andthethemefor2023isMuseums,SustainabilityandWell-being.【答案】11．hasbeencelebrated12．getting13．decides【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹的是國際博物館日。11．考查時態(tài)，語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：自1977年以來，國際博物館理事會每年都會慶祝這一天，以提高人們對博物館在社會發(fā)展中所起作用的認識。由Since1977可知，句子時態(tài)用現(xiàn)在完成時，由by可知，句子用被動語態(tài)，因此空格處是現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)，即have/hasbeendone，主語thisday是單數(shù)，因此空格處是hasbeencelebrated，故填hasbeencelebrated。12．考查非謂語動詞。句意：這一天是讓更多的年輕一代對博物館的歷史和文化感興趣的好方法。fo是介詞，其后跟動名詞作賓語，故填getting。13．考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：每年，該組織都會決定一個新的主題。由Everyyear可知，句子時態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時，主語organization是單數(shù)，因此空格處用第三人稱單數(shù)，故填decides。B閱讀下列短文,根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當?shù)膯卧~,在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Smartphonesarebecomingmoreandmoreofanecessityforhighschoolstudents.Therefore,adiscussionwasheldabout14theseniorschoolstudentsshouldusesmartphonesatschool.People15(support)theideaconsideritconvenienttocontactthestudents’parentswhennecessary.However,peoplewhoareagainstitfindsomestudentsareaddictedtoplayingthesmartphoneseasily,whoseeffectontheirstudiesisquiteworrying.Itiseven16(bad)thatsmartphonescanalsodiscouragestudents’will.【答案】14．whether15．supporting16．worse【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。上周學校就高中生是否應(yīng)該在學校使用我們的智能手機舉辦了一次討論會，文章描述了討論的結(jié)果。14．考查賓語從句。句意：因此，就高中生是否應(yīng)該在學校使用智能手機進行了討論?？崭裉幰龑?dǎo)的是賓語從句，根據(jù)語境可知，句子表示“就高中生是否應(yīng)該在學校使用智能手機進行了討論”，空格處意為“是否”，about是介詞，只能用whether引導(dǎo)從句。故填whether。15．考查非謂語動詞。句意：支持這一想法的人認為在必要時聯(lián)系學生家長很方便。句中謂語是consider，空格處用非謂語動詞，People和support之間是主謂關(guān)系，因此空格處用現(xiàn)在分詞表主動，故填supporting。16．考查比較級。句意：更糟糕的是，智能手機也會打擊學生的意志。even修飾比較級，bad的比較級是worse，故填worse。C閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Readingisauniquehumanexperience.Justbyskimmingoureyesoversomewords,wecan17(mental)travelacrosstimeandspace.Butreadingcanalsobehard,especiallywhenwe’refacedwithadifficulttext.18(make)itaneasier,morerewardingexperience,you’dbetterreadinprintwheneverpossible.Onereasonfordoingsoisthatoureyesarelesslikelytoskimpastprintedwordsthanthose19screen.Plus,consumingcontentonaphysicalpagehelpsthebrainmakeamentalmapoftheinformation,20inturnmakesiteasiertorememberdetailsinfuture.【答案】17．mentally18．Tomake19．on20．which【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。閱讀是一種獨特的人類體驗。閱讀時，我們應(yīng)該盡可能地閱讀紙質(zhì)書。17．考查副詞。句意：只要我們的眼睛掠過一些單詞，我們就可以在精神上穿越時空。根據(jù)句意和所給形容詞mental分析句子可知，空格處應(yīng)該填入mental的副詞形式mentally作狀語，修飾謂語動詞。故填mentally。18．考查不定式。句意：為了讓閱讀變得更容易、更有意義，你最好盡可能地閱讀紙質(zhì)書。根據(jù)句意和所給動詞make分析句子可知，空格處應(yīng)該填入不定式tomake作目的狀語。故填Tomake。19．考查介詞。句意：這樣做的一個原因是，與屏幕上的單詞相比，我們的眼睛更不太可能跳過印刷的單詞。根據(jù)句意和空格后的名詞screen可知，空格處應(yīng)該填入介詞on和名詞screen搭配，onscreen（在屏幕上）。故填on。20．考查定語從句。句意：此外，在實體頁面上瀏覽內(nèi)容有助于大腦對信息進行心理映射，這反過來又使其更容易在未來記住細節(jié)。根據(jù)句意分析句子可知，inturnmakesiteasiertorememberdetailsinfuture.是一個非限制性定語從句，該定語從句缺少主語，所以空格處應(yīng)該填入一個關(guān)系代詞，代替前面句子的內(nèi)容在從句中作主語，所以，應(yīng)該用關(guān)系代詞which。故填which。第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）第一節(jié)（共14小題，每小題2分，共28分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AGrandCanyonNationalParkLocatedinnorthernArizona,theparkcovers277milesoftheColoradoRiverandnearbyuplands.Oneofthemostawesomeexamplesoferosion(侵蝕)

intheworld,GrandCanyonisunmatchedintheincomparableviewitofferstovisitors.ParkOpeningsandClosingsTheVillageandDesertViewontheSouthRimareopenallyearandparkentrancesremainopen24hoursaday.NorthRimfacilitiesopenmid-Mayandclosemid-October.Parkentrancesremainopen24hoursadayduringthistime.Hoursforvisitorcentersandbusinessesvarythroughouttheyear.ParkInformationTheparkproducesaPocketMapwithaNorthRimandSouthRimeditionthatcontainsamapandinformationaboutservices,facilities,andparkrangerprograms.ItisavailableinFrench,German,Italian,Spanish,andChinese.Ahikingbrochureisavailableforthoseplanningtohikeoneofthepark’smaintrailsdownintoGrandCanyon.Obtainpublicationsatentrancestations,visitorcenters,or/136oil.AccessibilityTheterrain(地形)isruggedwithnarrow,rockytrailsandsteepcliffs.Visitorsusingwheelchairsorhavingvisualdisabilitiesmayneedassistance.FormoreinformationaboutaccessibilityinGrandCanyonNationalPark,see/1rtxl2.ParkEntranceFeesAdmissiontotheparkus$35perprivatevehicle;$30permotorcycle;and$20perpersonenteringtheparkthroughGrandCanyonRailway,parkshuttlebus,walking,orridingabicycle.Thepasscanbeusedforsevendaysandincludesbothrims.Payfeesatparkentrancestationsoratsomebusinessesoutsidethepark.EveryyeartheNationalParkServiceoffersentrancefeefreedays.Forcompletefeeinformation,please/y5uu6f.SustainabilityGrandCanyonNationalParkinvolvessustainabilityinallaspectsofitsoperations.UseyourrefillablewaterbottletofilluponfreeGrandCanyonspringwateratvisitorcentersandgrocerystores.Recyclingcontainersareconvenientlylocatedandascommonastrashbins.Discoverwhatelseyoucandotoprotecttheenvironmentwhiletravelinghereandbeyond.at/lb2rzt.21．Peoplewithphysicaldisabilitiescanfinddetailedinformationonparkfacilitiesdesignedforthembyvisiting_________.A．/lrtx12 B．/y5uu6fC．/136ojl D．/lb2rzt22．Whatistheadmissionfeeifyouandyourparentsplantogoonasix-dayvacationtoGrandCanyonNationalParkbydrivingacar?A．$95. B．$60. C．$35. D．$70.23．Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?A．Visitorshaveyear-roundaccesstoeverycornerofthenationalpark.B．HikerswhocanonlyspeakChinesecannotexploretheNorthRimwithoutaguide.C．VisitorsareforbiddentoleaveanytrashintheNationalParktomaintainsustainability.D．TheGrandCanyonfeaturesisoneoftheworld’smostvisuallybreathtakinglandscapes.【答案】21．A22．C23．D【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了GrandCanyonNationalPark的相關(guān)信息，包括公園的位置、覆蓋范圍、公園的開放和關(guān)閉時間、公園的信息、可達性、入園費用以及可持續(xù)性等方面。21．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章“Accessibility”部分中的“Theterrain(地形)isruggedwithnarrow,rockytrailsandsteepcliffs.Visitorsusingwheelchairsorhavingvisualdisabilitiesmayneedassistance.FormoreinformationaboutaccessibilityinGrandCanyonNationalPark,see/1rtxl2.(地形崎嶇，有狹窄的巖石小徑和陡峭的懸崖。使用輪椅或有視力障礙的訪客可能需要幫助。欲了解大峽谷國家公園的更多信息，請訪問/1rtxl2。)”可知，殘障人士可以訪問/1rtxl2了解為他們設(shè)計的公園設(shè)施的詳細信息。故選A。22．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章“ParkEntranceFees”部分中的“Admissiontotheparkus$35perprivatevehicle;$30permotorcycle;and$20perpersonenteringtheparkthroughGrandCanyonRailway,parkshuttlebus,walking,orridingabicycle.Thepasscanbeusedforsevendaysandincludesbothrims.(每輛私家車入園門票35美元；每輛摩托車30元；通過大峽谷鐵路、公園班車、步行或騎自行車進入公園每人20美元。該通行證可使用7天，包括兩個輪輞。)”可知，每輛私家車入園門票35美元，且通行證可使用7天。由此可知，如果你和你的父母計劃開車去大峽谷國家公園度假6天，那么費用應(yīng)為35美元。故選C。23．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“LocatedinnorthernArizona,theparkcovers277milesoftheColoradoRiverandnearbyuplands.Oneofthemostawesomeexamplesoferosion(侵蝕)intheworld,GrandCanyonisunmatchedintheincomparableviewitofferstovisitors.(該公園位于亞利桑那州北部，覆蓋了277英里的科羅拉多河和附近的高地。大峽谷是世界上最令人敬畏的侵蝕范例之一，它為游客提供了無與倫比的景色。)”可知，大峽谷的風景是世界上最令人嘆為觀止的風景之一。故選D。BIwasbornmissingmyleftarm.In1986,at18months,Iwasfittedwithaprosthetic(義肢)device,adecisionmadebymyparentsanddoctorssothatIwoulddevelop“normally”.Ispentmyentirechildhoodandadolescencetryingtofitin.Ididjustaboutanythingtoeasethepainsofthestaresandpointingfingersfrommyclassmates.BythetimeIwas8,Ihadnoself-confidence,andthehandIwaswearingwasmakingitharderformetofitin.SoIdecidedIwasbetteroffwithoutone.Ididn’tneedanyonetofixme.ToprovethatIwasn’tlimitedbymydisability,Idevelopedaloveforallsports,inparticularswimming.IwasselectedtomyfirstAustralianwomen’sswimmingteamatage13andsuccessfullyrepresentedmycountryforeightyears.IrealizedI’dmadeanameformyselfbecauseofmydisability.Itaughtmyselfhowtobecomfortableinasocietyfilledwithinsecurities.SowhenIwasfirstcontactedin2021byCovvi,acompanytryingtocreatetheworld’smostadvancedbionic(仿生的)hand,Iwasabitsurprised.Theyaskedmetotrialthehandand,ifpossible,tobecomeapatientadvocate.Initially,Isaidno.Then,curiositygotthebetterofme.WhileIwasbusyadvocatingfordisabilityrights,anewgenerationofleaders,likeAmyPurdyandNickVujicic,usedthepoweroftechnologyandsocialmediatodisplaywheelchairsorartificiallimbswithoutexplanation.Peoplefeareddisabilityless.Societywasbeginningtoseeapersonfirst,andtheirdisabilitysecond.Viewingdisabilitythroughasociallensalsomeantacknowledgingthatapersonismoredisabledbytheirenvironmentandthediscriminationofothersthanbytheiractualdisability.Asthoseconversationsshifted,Irealizedthattherewasanopportunitytousetechnologytosteerthenarrativeforfuturegenerations.InJuly2022,Idecidedtotrialthehand.Theroleofpatientadvocateisanenormousprivilege.Throughsharingmyjourney,I’mabletoreachthousandsofotherpeoplewhowouldbenefitfromitsextraordinarycapabilities.That’swhyIwearabionichand—notbecauseI’mbroken,butbecauseIhaveanopportunitytoenhancethehumancapabilitiesthatalreadyexist.24．Theauthordevelopedaloveforallsportsbecause________.A．shewaslongingforfame B．sportsgaveherself-confidenceC．shewantedtodefeatherdisability D．herprostheticdeviceempoweredher25．FromPurdyandVujicic,theauthorlearned________.A．morepeopleacknowledgedtheirlimitsB．thedisabledneededafriendlierenvironmentC．socialmediaallowedthedisabledopportunitiesD．technologyshiftedpeople’sattitudestodisability26．Whichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribetheauthor?A．Intelligentandbrave.B．Warm-heartedandpatient.C．Responsibleandstrong-willed.D．Independentandinnovative.27．Fromthepassage,welearnthatoneshould________.A．maximizeone’sabilitiesbyembracingrealityB．buildone’ssocialcirclewithoptimismC．sticktoone’sgoaltoachievesuccessD．takeiteasyindifficultsituations【答案】24．C25．D26．C27．A【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了作者從小身患殘疾，失去左臂，但是并不氣餒，參加運動證明自己并不受到殘疾的限制并幫助他人的故事。24．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“ToprovethatIwasn’tlimitedbymydisability,Idevelopedaloveforallsports,inparticularswimming.(為了證明我沒有受到殘疾的限制，我開始熱愛所有的運動，尤其是游泳。)”可知，作者愛上了所有的運動，因為她想戰(zhàn)勝自己的殘疾。故選C。25．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段“l(fā)ikeAmyPurdyandNickVujicic,usedthepoweroftechnologyandsocialmediatodisplaywheelchairsorartificiallimbswithoutexplanation.Peoplefeareddisabilityless.Societywasbeginningtoseeapersonfirst,andtheirdisabilitysecond.(比如艾米·珀迪（AmyPurdy）和尼克·胡哲（NickVujicic），他們利用科技和社交媒體的力量，不加解釋地展示了輪椅或假肢。人們不再那么害怕殘疾。社會開始把一個人放在第一位，把他的殘疾放在第二位。)”可知，人們不再那么害怕殘疾。社會開始把一個人放在第一位，把他的殘疾放在第二位，即科技改變了人們對殘疾的態(tài)度。故選D。26．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“ToprovethatIwasn’tlimitedbymydisability,Idevelopedaloveforallsports,inparticularswimming.(為了證明我沒有受到殘疾的限制，我開始熱愛所有的運動，尤其是游泳。)”可知，作者意志堅定；根據(jù)文章最后一段“Throughsharingmyjourney,I’mabletoreachthousandsofotherpeoplewhowouldbenefitfromitsextraordinarycapabilities.That’swhyIwearabionichand—notbecauseI’mbroken,butbecauseIhaveanopportunitytoenhancethehumancapabilitiesthatalreadyexist.(通過分享我的歷程，我能夠接觸到成千上萬的其他人，他們將從它的非凡能力中受益)”可知，作者分享自己的歷程是想幫助他人，讓他人從中受益，作者是一名有責任心的人。故選C。27．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Throughsharingmyjourney,I’mabletoreachthousandsofotherpeoplewhowouldbenefitfromitsextraordinarycapabilities.That’swhyIwearabionichand—notbecauseI’mbroken,butbecauseIhaveanopportunitytoenhancethehumancapabilitiesthatalreadyexist.(通過分享我的歷程，我能夠接觸到成千上萬的其他人，他們將從它的非凡能力中受益。這就是我戴仿生手的原因不是因為我壞了，而是因為我有機會增強人類已有的能力。)”可知，作者戴仿生手的原因是為了增強人類已有的能力，即我們應(yīng)該擁抱現(xiàn)實，最大限度地發(fā)揮自己的能力。故選A。CbroccoliWhenservedcauliflowerorbroccoli,somekidsturnawayinannoyance.Don’tblamethem—anewstudysuggestsspecificenzymes(酶)insaliva(唾液)mightmakethesevegetablestasteterribletosomechildren.Theseenzymes,calledcysteinelyases,areproducedbybacteriainthemouth.ThesameenzymesarealsolockedawayinthecellsofBrassicavegetableslikebroccoliandcauliflower.Whenwechewbroccoli,theseenzymesspilloutoftheirstoragecontainerswhilethoseinourmouthstarttowork.Theseenzymesbreakdownacompound(化合物)calledS-methyl-L-cysteinesulfoxide(SMCSO)inthesevegetables,andthisbreakdownprocesstransformsthecompoundintosharpsmellmolecules(分子).Previousstudiesofadultssuggestthelevelofcysteinelyaseactivityinaperson’ssalivadetermineshowmuchtheSMCSObreaksdown.This,inturn,influenceshowthesevegetablestastetoadults.Accordingtothesepaststudies,whendifferentadultsconsumebroccoli,therecanbeahugedifferenceinhowmanyunpleasantsmellsthefoodletsoffastheirsaliva-borneenzymesbreakittobits.Buttheauthorswonderedwhetherthesamedifferencecanbeseeninkids,whoareusuallymoresensitivetobitterandsourtastes.Theysuspectedthatkidswhosesalivaproducedthemostsmelly,SMCSO-sourcedcompoundswouldshowthestrongestdislikeforbroccoli.

Andtheteam’snewstudyprovedtheirassumption.Whilebothadults’andkids’salivaproducedsmellycompoundswhenexposedtocauliflower,thesesmellsdidnotinfluencewhetheradultslikedthevegetable.Ontheotherhand,kidswhosesalivaproducedhighconcentrationsofthesesmellsreportedhatingcauliflowerthemost.Thenewstudyincluded98pairsofparentsandchildrenaged6to8.Aftertakingsamplesofeachparticipant’ssaliva,thescientistsmixeditintorawcauliflowerpowder.TheymeasuredtheSMCSO-sourcedsmellcompoundsletoffandfoundeachparticipant’ssalivageneratedadifferentquantityofsmells.

Interestingly,thedegreeofsicklysmellproductionwassimilarbetweenparents’salivaandtheirchildren’s.Thisindicatesthatparentsandkidslikelycarrysimilarbacteriaintheirmouths,whichwouldcausethemtoproducesimilarlevelsofcysteinelyases.Oursensesoftasteandsmellarestrongestinyouth,whichmaymakekidsevenmoresensitivetothesedifferencesinflavor.Thesamepreferencepatternisnotseeninadults,whoalsoproduceplentyofbadsmells.ThissuggeststhattheadultscametotoleratethetasteofBrassicavegetables.Thefindingsagreewithpaststudiesofhowourtasteschangeovertime:wecanlearntoovercomeourdistasteforcertainfoodbyeatingitmore.28．Whatarethefirsttwoparagraphsmainlyabout?A．Thefunctionofmouthbacteria.B．Thecauseofanunpleasantflavor.C．ThefeatureofBrassicavegetables.D．Theformofenzymesinourmouth.29．Whatdopreviousstudiesindicate?A．SMCSO-breakdowndependsonvariousenzymes.B．EnzymesdeterminethetasteofBrassicavegetables.C．Individualsreleasevaryingamountsofsmellmolecules.D．Kidsproducingthemostsmellshatebroccoliparticularly.30．Whatcanweconcludefromthepassage?A．Wemightacceptsomefoodsthroughrepeatedexposure.B．Thelevelofsmellsmayaffectanadult’stastepreference.C．Parents’andtheirkids’saliva-borneenzymesdon’tmatch.D．Kids’salivacouldproducehigherconcentrationsofsmells.31．Whydoestheauthorwritethepassage?A．Toexplainafoodpreference.B．Tointroducearesearchmethod.C．Toillustrateabiologicalprocess.D．Toshowthediscoveryofanenzyme.【答案】28．B29．B30．A31．D【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了人們之所以在吃到西蘭花的時候覺得難吃是因為口腔唾液中的一種特定的酶。28．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一、第二段“Whenservedcauliflowerorbroccoli,somekidsturnawayinannoyance.Don’tblamethem—anewstudysuggestsspecificenzymes(酶)insaliva(唾液)mightmakethesevegetablestasteterribletosomechildren.Theseenzymes,calledcysteinelyases,areproducedbybacteriainthemouth.(當端上花椰菜或西蘭花時，一些孩子會厭煩地轉(zhuǎn)身離開。不要責怪他們，一項新的研究表明，唾液中的特定酶可能會讓一些孩子覺得這些蔬菜很難吃。這些酶被稱為半胱氨酸裂解酶，是由口腔中的細菌產(chǎn)生的。)”可知，這兩段主要解釋了為什么吃西蘭花的時候會覺得難吃，也就是解釋了難聞的味道的起因。故選B。29．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Theseenzymesbreakdownacompound(化合物)calledS-methyl-L-cysteinesulfoxide(SMCSO)inthesevegetables,andthisbreakdownprocesstransformsthecompoundintosharpsmellmolecules(分子).Previousstudiesofadultssuggestthelevelofcysteinelyaseactivityinaperson’ssalivadetermineshowmuchtheSMCSObreaksdown.This,inturn,influenceshowthesevegetablestastetoadults.(這些酶在這些蔬菜中分解一種叫做SMCSO的化合物，這個分解過程將這種化合物轉(zhuǎn)化為有強烈氣味的分子。先前對成年人的研究表明，人唾液中半胱氨酸裂解酶的活性水平?jīng)Q定了SMCSO的分解程度。這反過來又影響了這些蔬菜對成年人而言嘗起來的味道。)”可知，這些酶決定了西蘭花的味道。故選B。30．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Thefindingsagreewithpaststudiesofhowourtasteschangeovertime:wecanlearntoovercomeourdistasteforcertainfoodbyeatingitmore(這些發(fā)現(xiàn)與過去關(guān)于我們的口味如何隨時間變化的研究一致：我們可以通過多吃來克服對某種食物的厭惡。)”可知，通過不斷地接觸，我們可以接受某種不太喜歡的事物。故選A。31．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Whenservedcauliflowerorbroccoli,somekidsturnawayinannoyance.Don’tblamethem—anewstudysuggestsspecificenzymes(酶)insaliva(唾液)mightmakethesevegetablestasteterribletosomechildren.(當端上花椰菜或西蘭花時，一些孩子會厭煩地轉(zhuǎn)身離開。不要責怪他們，一項新的研究表明，唾液中的特定酶可能會讓一些孩子覺得這些蔬菜很難吃。)”可推斷，作者寫這篇文章主要介紹了一個新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)。故選D。DLastfall,Ihappenedtooverhearastudenttellingtheothershehaddecidednottosignupforanintroductoryphilosophy(哲學)course.Thedemandsofhismajor,besaidseriously,meantheneededtotake“practical”courses,and“enlightenment”wouldsimplyhavetowait.Fornow,employabilitywasthemostimportant.Thestudents’conversationfitsintoalargeralarmingwordabouttheroleofthehumanitiesinhighereducation.Inatimeofdizzyingtechnologicalachievementandofrapidscientificinnovation,scepticsofthehumanitiesmayquestiontheusefulnessofstudyingAristotle,theItalianRenaissance(文藝復(fù)興)orChinesefiction.Actually,Iregretnotinterruptingthatstudenttoarguefortakingthatintroductoryphilosophycourse.Iwouldhavestartedbyremindinghimthat,formuchofAmerica’shistory,collegegraduateswerenotconsideredtrulyeducatedunlesstheyhadmasteredphilosophy,literature,politicaltheoryandhistory.Thekeyroleofhighereducationwastoinvitestudentsintotheconversationsaboutmatterslikewhatitmeanstobealiveandthedefinitionofjustice.Fostering(鼓勵)engagementwiththesesubjectsisstillanessentialpartoftheuniversity’sfunctioninsociety.Iwouldhavealsomentionedtothestudentthathewasmisinformedaboutthejobmarket.Itistruethatmanyemployersarelookingforgraduateswithspecializedtechnicalskills,buttheyalsolookforothercapabilities.Astheworldistransformedbyartificialintelligence,machinelearningandautomation,theuniquehumanqualitiesofcreativity,imaginationandmoralreasoningwillbetheultimatecoinoftherealm.Alltheseskillsaredevelopedinhumanitiescourses.Further,Iwouldhavearguedthatwhileadegreeanchoredinthesciencesisanimportantpreconditionformanyjobs,itisnottheonlyroute.LooknofurtherthanthefoundersofcompaniessuchasLinkedIn,SlackandFlickr,whoareamongthemanytechbusinesspersonswithdegreesinthehumanities,andwhocreditthattrainingfortheirsuccess.Farfromthewidelyheldbeliefthathumanitiesmajorshaveahardtimegettingjobs,recentstudiesshowthatthosewithhumanitiesdegreesaresuccessfulintheworkplace,experiencinglowratesofunemploymentandreportinghighlevelsofjobsatisfaction.Theratiobetweenaveragemedian(中位數(shù))incomesforhumanitiesdegreeholdersandthosewithbusiness,engineering,andhealthandmedicalsciencesdegreeshasbeenshowntonarrowoverthecourseofacareer.Thecaseforthehumanitiescanalsobeunderstoodinlesstransactional(事務(wù)性的)termsandmoreasafoundationalpreparationforalifewelllived.Ahumanitieseducationplaysavitalroleinencouragingcitizenstoleadanexaminedlife.Itfosterscriticalthinking,self-reflection,empathyandtolerance,theusefulnessofwhichonlybecomesmoreapparentasonenavigateslife’schallenges.Byallmeans,studentsshouldtakecoursestheythinkpracticalandfollowtheirinterests,butiftheyalsomakeapointofstudyingtheliteratureoftheRenaissance,orresearchingintomodernpoetry,oreventakingintroductoryphilosophy,wewillallbenefit.32．Whatdothestudents’conversationshow?A．Studentsfeelemploymentdifficult.B．Studentsthinkphilosophylessimportant.C．Studentsfindscientificinnovationamazing.D．Studentsconsideruniversitycoursesunsatisfying.33．WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph4probablymean?A．Equallyapplied. B．Highlyvalued.C．Strictlyassessed. D．Greatlyimproved.34．Theauthormayagreethathumanities___________.A．providegreatinsightsintolife B．preparestudentsforgraduationC．discoverstudents’artisticability D．raiseawarenessofsocialcelebrity【答案】32．B33．B34．A【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要探討了人文學科在高等教育中的重要性，提出文科教育不僅對個人成長有利，也對社會發(fā)展不可或缺。32．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Lastfall,Ihappenedtooverhearastudenttellingtheothershehaddecidednottosignupforanintroductoryphilosophy(哲學)course.Thedemandsofhismajor,besaidseriously,meantheneededtotake“practical”courses,and“enlightenment”wouldsimplyhavetowait.Fornow,employabilitywasthemostimportant.(去年秋天，我無意中聽到一個學生告訴其他人，他決定不報哲學導(dǎo)論課程。他嚴肅地說，專業(yè)的要求意味著他需要學習“實用”課程，而“啟蒙”只能等一等。目前，就業(yè)能力是最重要的。)”可推測，學生認為哲學并沒有其他課程重要。故選B。33．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線短語上文“Itistruethatmanyemployersarelookingforgraduateswithspecializedtechnicalskills,buttheyalsolookforothercapabilities.(的確，許多雇主都在尋找具有專業(yè)技術(shù)技能的畢業(yè)生，但他們也在尋找其他能力。)”可知，雇主也在尋找其他能力。而根據(jù)劃線短語主句“Astheworldistransformedbyartificialintelligence,machinelearningandautomation,(隨著世界被人工智能、機器學習和自動化所改變，)”可知，人工智能、機器學習和自動化將改變世界，由此可推測，人類獨特的創(chuàng)造力、想象力和道德推理能力會顯得“尤為重要、有價值”。選項B“Highlyvalued.(高度重視)”與劃線短語相似。故選B。34．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Thekeyroleofhighereducationwastoinvitestudentsintotheconversationsaboutmatterslikewhatitmeanstobealiveandthedefinitionofjustice.Fostering(鼓勵)engagementwiththesesubjectsisstillanessentialpartoftheuniversity’sfunctioninsociety.(高等教育的關(guān)鍵作用是邀請學生參與對話，討論生命的意義和正義的定義。促進對這些學科的參與仍然是大學社會職能的重要組成部分。)”根據(jù)第五段“Looknofurther