2025屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)第一編必修5Module1BritishandAmericanEnglish課時作業(yè)含解析外研版

PAGEModule1BritishandAmericanEnglish課時作業(yè)Ⅰ.閱讀A(2024·山東師大附中高三第一次模擬考試)YoumaybesurprisedtolearnthatEnglishgets30to45percentofitswordsfromFrench.Thereasongoesbacktotheyear1066,whenNormanforcesinvaded(入侵)whatisnowBritain.TheNormanswerefromnorthernFranceandspokeFrench.DuringtheNormanoccupation,FrenchbecamethelanguageofEngland'srulersandwealthyclass.Thislastedformorethan300years.OtherpeopleinEnglandcontinuedtospeakEnglishduringthisperiod.Overtime,thetwolanguagescombinedandsharedwords.Someresearchersbelievethatabout10,000FrenchwordseventuallyenteredtheEnglishlanguage.However,althoughEnglishtookmanyFrenchwords,theirmeaningshavenotalwaysstayedthesame.Sometimesthedifferencesinmeaningscanbeveryimportant,andleadtofunnyorstrangesituationsifthewordsareusedinthewrongway.Take,forexample,theFrenchwordcollege.InEnglish,collegecanoftenbeusedinplaceoftheworduniversity,orsometimesasaschoolwithinauniversity.However,inFrench,collegeactuallymeans“middleschool”，orthelevelofschoolingforstudentsingradesfiveorsixthrougheight.Therearemanyothersimilarwordsinthetwolanguageswithcompletelydifferentmeanings.InEnglish,thewordchatisaverbwhichmeans“totalkcasually”；butinFrench,thewordchatisthewordforananimal:acat.IfanEnglishspeakersayssomeoneisjolly,thatmeanstheyarecheerfulorfriendly.ButinFrench,joliemeanssomeoneisgood-lookingorpleasanttolookat.Inanycase,botharenicethingstosaytosomeone.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章講解并描述了英語中存在大量法語詞匯的現(xiàn)象，并舉例說明英語中的法語單詞與其在法語中的不同含義。1．WhatlanguagedidtheupperclassspeakinBritainofNormantimes?A．English.B．French.C．BothEnglishandFrench.D．Someunknownlanguage.答案：B細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段中的“DuringtheNormanoccupation,FrenchbecamethelanguageofEngland'srulersandwealthyclass.”可知，諾曼時代英國的上層階級說法語。故選B。2．WhatdoescollegemeaninFrench?A．Theteenagertime.B．UniversityinFrench.C．MiddleschoolinEnglish.D．Universityincommonsense.答案：C細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段中的“However,inFrench,collegeactuallymeans‘middleschool’”可知，“college”在法語里的意思是“中學(xué)”。故選C。3．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Comparisonbetweentwolanguages.B．DifficultyingraspingEnglish.C．FrenchwordsinEnglish.D．DevelopmentofEnglish.答案：C主旨大意題。依據(jù)第一段第一句“YoumaybesurprisedtolearnthatEnglishgets30to45percentofitswordsfromFrench.”和其次段第一句“Overtime,thetwolanguagescombinedandsharedwords.Someresearchersbelievethatabout10,000FrenchwordseventuallyenteredtheEnglishlanguage.”可知，本文講解并描述的是“英語中的法語單詞”。故選C?！驹~匯積累】①occupationn.占據(jù)；侵占②combinev.(使)結(jié)合，組合③casuallyadv.隨意地④cheerfuladj.歡樂的；興奮的；令人開心的【難句分析】原文：However,althoughEnglishtookmanyFrenchwords,theirmeaningshavenotalwaysstayedthesame.然而，盡管英語汲取了很多法語單詞，它們的意思卻并不總是相同的。(其次段第三句)分析：本句為主從復(fù)合句。although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。B(2024·全國卷Ⅰ)Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit(聯(lián)系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1,000;Africa2,400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber(中位數(shù))ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld'slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6,800languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡),withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon(eightremainingspeakers),ChiapanecoinMexico(150).LipanApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one,withaquestion-mark):noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了隨著社會的發(fā)展人類語言越來越少的現(xiàn)象及其緣由。4．Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhunter-gatherertimes?A．Theydevelopedveryfast.B．Theywerelargeinnumber.C．Theyhadsimilarpatterns.D．Theywerecloselyconnected.答案：B推理推斷題。依據(jù)第一段其次、三句可知，當(dāng)人類社會處在原始社會，人們以狩獵為生時，小而聯(lián)系緊密的群落形成了他們彼此之間獨立的語言模式。當(dāng)世界上的人口數(shù)量在五百萬到一千萬時，語言種類達(dá)到了12,000種。由此推知，當(dāng)時的語言種類很多。故選B。5．Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“dominant”underlinedinParagraph2?A．Complex. B．Advanced.C．Powerful. D．Modern.答案：C詞義揣測題。依據(jù)其次段中的“dominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover”可知，英語、西班牙語和漢語越來越占據(jù)統(tǒng)治地位。由此推知，dominant意為“占優(yōu)勢的；強大的”。故選C。6．Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent?A．About6,800. B．About3,400.C．About2,400. D．About1,200.答案：B細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段中的“Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.”和“Themediannumber(中位數(shù))ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld'slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.”可知，目前世界上大約有6,800種語言，但是講的人數(shù)少于6,000人的占一半，即3,400。故選B。7．Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A．Newlanguageswillbecreated.B．People'slifestylesarereflectedinlanguages.C．Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.D．Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.答案：C主旨大意題。依據(jù)第一段第一句和其次段其次句可知，本文所講的主要內(nèi)容為隨著時代的發(fā)展，語言在漸漸消逝和削減。故選C?！驹~匯積累】①independentadj.獨立的②industrialisationn.工業(yè)化③increasinglyadv.越來越多地；漸增地④takeover接管；接收【難句分析】原文：Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.一般的規(guī)律是，氣候溫柔地區(qū)的語言相對較少，通常由很多人運用；而燥熱、潮濕地區(qū)的語言較多，通常由少數(shù)人運用。(第三段第三句)分析：本句為主從復(fù)合句。that引導(dǎo)表語從句，從句中while連接兩個并列分句，前后表對比。C(2024·湖南省長沙市第一中學(xué)高三第一次月考)PeoplespeakEnglishindifferentpartsoftheworld.Thesamewordscanbeusedindifferentways,dependingonwhereyoulive.Peoplecanalsohavecompletelydifferentwaysofsayingthesamething.TheOxfordEnglishDictionary(OED)isaskingthepublictohelpitaddnewwords.EditorswanttofindtheregionaldifferencesinEnglisharoundtheworld.Theywanttoexpanditsrecordofthelanguage.Lastyear,theOED,BBCRadioandtheForwardArtsFoundationteameduptofindlocalwordsintheUnitedKingdom.Itresultedinmorethan100regionalwordsandphrasesbeingaddedtothedictionary.Onewas“cuddywifter”，whichmeansaleft-handedperson.Now,theOEDiswideningitssearchtoEnglishspeakersaroundtheworld.EleanorMaier,aneditoratOED,saidtheresponsehasbeengreat.Editorsarelistingabunchofsuggestionstoincludeinthedictionary.TheseincludeHawaii's“hammajang”，whichmeans“inadisorderlystate”.Anotheristhewordforaswimmingcostume,“dookers”or“duckers”.ItisusedinScotland.TheOEDalsomightincludetheword“frog-drowner”，whichAmericansmightusetodescribeadownpourofrain.Anotherpossibilityis“brick”.Itmeans“verycold”topeopleinNewJerseyandNewYorkCity.Thedictionaryhasalreadyfoundthat,dependingonlocation,apicturehangingoffcentermightbedescribedas“agley”.Itmightalsobecalled“catawampous”or“ahoo”．“TheOEDaimstocoveralltypesofEnglish，”Maiersaid.Thatincludesscientificwords,slangandregionallanguage.MaieralsosaidthatitcanbedifficultfortheOED'seditorstoidentifyregionalwords.Thetermsaremoreoftenspokenthanwrittendown.“TheappealiscalledWordsWhereYouAre.Itislookingformoresuggestions.Weweresurprisedandpleasedbythenumberofregionalwordswewereabletoinclude，”saidMaier.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。為了擴大牛津詞典語言的記錄，它將收錄更多來自世界各地的地域性詞匯。8．What'stheclosestinmeaningto“Freezing”？A．Hammajang. B．Dookers.C．Brick. D．Ahoo.答案：C推理推斷題。依據(jù)第六段最終兩句“Anotherpossibilityis‘brick’.Itmeans‘verycold’topeopleinNewJerseyandNewYorkCity.”可知，“Freezing(極冷的)”的意思和brick意思最接近。故選C。9．WhichlocalwordofthefollowingismostlikelyfromregionsoftheUnitedKingdom?A．Agley. B．Frog-drowner.C．Cuddywifter. D．Brick.答案：C細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段“...tofindlocalwordsintheUnitedKingdom.Itresultedinmorethan100regionalwordsandphrasesbeingaddedtothedictionary.Onewas‘cuddywifter’，whichmeansaleft-handedperson.”可知，cuddywifter最有可能來自英國地區(qū)。故選C。10．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A．Itischallengingtocreateacompletecollectionofregionalwords.B．Peoplearenotcommittedtorespondingtotheappealforregionalwords.C．Peopleuseregionalwordsonlywhentheyarehomeorwithclosefriends.D．Havinganunderstandingofregionalwordscanbehelpfulwhencommunicating.答案：A推理推斷題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)其次段第三句“MaieralsosaidthatitcanbedifficultfortheOED'seditorstoidentifyregionalwords.”可知，創(chuàng)建一個完整的地域性詞匯合合是很有挑戰(zhàn)性的。故選A。11．What'sthemainideaofthepassage?A．It'stimetotracethesourceoflocalwords.B．ThesameEnglishwordscanbeusedtosaydifferentthings.C．OxfordDictionaryaimstoenlargeitscollectiontoappealtolocals.D．OxfordDictionarywillincludemoreregionalwordsfromaroundtheglobe.答案：D主旨大意題。依據(jù)其次段“TheOxfordEnglishDictionary(OED)isaskingthepublictohelpitaddnewwords.EditorswanttofindtheregionaldifferencesinEnglisharoundtheworld.Theywanttoexpanditsrecordofthelanguage.”可推斷，文章圍繞牛津詞典將收錄更多來自世界各地的地域性詞匯綻開。故選D。【詞匯積累】①regionaladj.地區(qū)的②expandv.擴大，增加③abunchof一群；一堆④identifyv.確認(rèn)；認(rèn)出；鑒定【難句分析】原文：Itresultedinmorethan100regionalwordsandphrasesbeingaddedtothedictionary.結(jié)果該詞典收錄了100多個地域性詞匯和短語。(第三段其次句)分析：本句為簡潔句。beingaddedtothedictionary為動名詞短語作賓語補足語。Ⅱ.語法填空(2024·合肥市高三調(diào)研性檢測)ARelayEventBringsDiverseCulturesTogetherWhenHermanKambugureceivedthegoodnewshewasexpecting,hedidsomethingunusual.Heranfor32kmin__1__(celebrate).Kambugu,whoworksfortheStandardCharteredBank(StanChart)inUganda,wasamongtheover86,000employeesaroundtheworldwhohadattempted__2__(take)partinarelayacrossBeltandRoadcountriesasawaytoseehowtheBeltandRoadInitiative(“一帶一路”倡議)isdeveloping.Kambuguandsevenmoreofhisco－workersinStanChart'sofficesaroundtheworldvisited44destinationsalongtheBeltandRoadroutes,__3__helpedthemunderstandtheinitiativebetter.Kambugu__4__(witness)howtheBeltandRoadInitiativeischanginglifefor__5__betterinEastAfricasofar.“TheMombasa－NairobiRailwayhasnotonlyshortenedtransportationtime,butalsocreatedover20,000jobsforlocalpeopleinKenya，”hesaid.SerenaLeungfromtheHongKongofficesaid__6__shehadseenduringherjourneyimpressed__7__(she).Insomeplaces,peoplegreetedtheminMandarin.Theyspokeit__8__(fluently)