初中英語語法精講精練主謂一致專題

學習好資料歡迎下載學習好資料歡迎下載學習好資料歡迎下載初中英語語法精講精練：主謂一致主謂一致是指謂語動詞與主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。表現(xiàn)在三個方面：語法一致；意義一致；就近一致（就近原則）。一語法一致(意義一致)：主語復數(shù)----謂語復數(shù)；主語單數(shù)-----謂語單數(shù)1主語復數(shù)的情況----謂復⑴people,police,staff,crowd,sheep,cattle等集體名詞作主語，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式，Thepolicearewaitingfortheboy.Thestaffaredressedasclowns.⑵由both…and…連接兩個單數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式；Bothhisfatherandhismotherarebothteachers.他的爸爸和媽媽都是老師。⑶“定冠詞+姓氏復數(shù)形式”表示一家人時，謂語一般用復數(shù)。TheSmithsarehavingdinner.⑷the＋a.表一類人，做主語，謂語用復數(shù)；但表示抽象概念時，用單數(shù)形式：Thepooraren’talwaysverysad,whilethericharen’talwayshappy.Thebeautifullivesforever.美是永存的。2主語單數(shù)的情況-----謂單⑴單數(shù)名詞(代詞)，不可數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語用單數(shù)形式：Somewaterisinthebottle.Theboyisplayingfootballontheplayground.⑵manya+單數(shù)名詞作主語，意義雖為“許多”，但謂語要用單數(shù)形式：ManyastudenthasbeentoShanghai.⑶morethanone+單數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語用單數(shù)。例如：MorethanonestudenthaseverbeentoBeijing.不止一個學生曾經(jīng)去過北京。⑷表示時間，價格，重量，數(shù)目，長度等度量詞或短語作主語時，常看作整體概念，謂單：Twomonthsisalongholiday.兩個月是一個長假。Twentypoundsisn’tsoheavy.20英鎊并不太重。Tenmilesisn’talongdistance.10英里并不是一段很長的距離。⑸表加減乘除的數(shù)學運算做主語，謂單：Threeplustwoisfive.Fiveminusfourisone.Threetimestwoissix.Eightdividedbyfouristwo.⑹eachAandeachB和everyAandeveryB作主語，謂單：Eachboyandeachgirlhasgotaseat.每個男孩和女孩都有一個座位。Everymanandeverywomanisatwork.每個男人和女人都在工作。⑺oneandahalf+復數(shù)名詞作主語，謂單：Oneandahalfhoursisenough.一個半小時足夠了。⑻動詞不定式，動名詞,句子作主語時，謂單：Toseeistobelieve眼見為實。Doingeyeexercisesisgoodforyoureyes.做眼睛保健操對你的眼睛十分有益。WhowillbeourEnglishteacherisunknown.⑼a/an+單數(shù)名詞+ortwo作主語，謂單：Astudentortwohasfailedtheexam.一兩個學生考試不及格。⑽主語為某些詞組，如oneof,eachof,everyoneof,anyoneof,noneof等加復數(shù)名詞或代詞，謂語用單數(shù)。如：Oneofmyfavoritesportsisbasketball.⑾不定代詞somebody,someone,something,anybody,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,noone,nothing作主語，謂單：Iseveryoneheretoday.Somethingiswrongwithmywatch.Nobodywasin.⑿each,either,neither,another,theother作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。例如：EachofthemhasanEnglishdictionary.他們每人都有一本英語詞典。Neitheransweriscorrect兩個答案都不正確。⒀s結(jié)尾的表單數(shù)意義的名詞作主語，謂單，如news,maths,physics等：Nonewsisgoodnews.沒有消息就是好消息。Mathsisverypopularinourclass在我們班數(shù)學很受歡迎。3謂語根據(jù)主語單復數(shù)意義來定的情況：⑴anumberof+復數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語動詞用復數(shù)；thenumberof+復數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。例如：Anumberoffamouspeoplewereinvitedtoparty.許多名人都被邀請參加這個聚會。Thenumberofthestudentsisovereighthundred.我們學校的學生數(shù)超過800人。⑵相同兩部分組成的名詞做主語，謂復；當名詞前kindof,pairof,glassof等表示量的短語修飾時，謂語與kind,pair,glass等一致：Thebluetrousersaremine.ThispairofshoesisTom’s.這雙鞋是湯姆的。Therearetwoglassesofwateronthetable.桌上有兩杯水。⑶“l(fā)otsof/alotof/plentyof+名詞”或“分數(shù)/百分數(shù)+名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞取決于名詞的數(shù)；若是不可數(shù)名詞，用單數(shù)；若名詞是復數(shù)，則用復數(shù)75percentoflandiscoveredwithwater.Threefourthsofstudentsaregirlsinourclass.Lotsofmoneyisneeded.Plentyofwaterhasbeenpolluted.⑷由and連接的兩個單數(shù)名詞作主語時，一般用復數(shù)形式，但and所連接的并列主語是同一個人，事物，或概念時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)：a/the+單數(shù)名詞+and+單數(shù)名詞，指的是同一個人或物:Thewriterandteacheriscoming.a/the+單數(shù)名詞+and+a/the+單數(shù)名詞，指兩個人或物：Thewriterandtheteacherarecoming.作家和老師來了。(作家和老師是兩個人)⑸family,class,group,team等集體名詞作主語，若指整體時，謂單;指具體成員時，謂復數(shù)：Hisfamilyisn’tlarge.他家的人不多。MyfamilyalllikewatchingTV.我們一家人都喜歡看電視。⑹none如指量，用單數(shù)。若指數(shù)目，與可數(shù)名詞連用，謂語用單也可用復，none如果代表不可數(shù)名詞時謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Noneofthelandhasbecomedesert.這些土地都沒有變成沙漠。Noneofthestudentsintheclassaretiredofhislesson.⑺all/most/half/twothirdsof/therestof+名詞作主語，謂語動詞取決于of后面的名詞：Mostofhistimeisspentonstudy.Alloftheworkhastobefinishedatonce.Mostofthegirlsarefondofskiing.⑻當主語后有with，togetherwith，alongwith，aswellas，besides，except，but，like等介詞或介詞短語時，謂語動詞由主語的單復數(shù)決定：MikewithhisfatherhasbeentoEngland.邁克同他的父親去過英格蘭。Mike,likehisbrother,enjoysplayingfootball邁克像他的哥哥一樣喜歡踢足球。二就近一致（就近原則）⑴以here，there為首的句子，謂語動詞常與臨近的主語一致：Thereisabookandthreepensonthedesk.桌子上有一本書，三只鋼筆。Herearesomebooksandpaperforyou.這是給你的書和紙。Herecomesthebus!Herearethebooks,apenforyou.⑵or,either…or…，neither…nor…,notonly…butalso…,not…but…,連接兩個名詞或代詞作主語時，根據(jù)就近原則決定謂語動詞形式：TomorJackiswrong.不是湯姆就是杰克錯了。Eitherthisoneorthatoneisok.這一個或那一個都行。NotonlyyoubutalsohehasbeentoJapan.經(jīng)典習題II.選擇填空。1.-----Areyouworriedwhenyoursonoftenplayscomputergames?-----Yes.Ithinkplayingcomputergames_______onteenagers.A.haveagoodeffectB.hasagoodeffectC.hasabadeffect2.Theoldwoman,togetherwithhertwograndsons,______crossingtheroad.A.are

B.is

C.has

D.have3.Thispairoftrousers______Lucy’s.Yourtrousers______onyourbed.A.is,are

B.is,is

C.are,are

D.are,is4.

Tenkilometers______averylongwaytogoinaday.A.are

B.has

C.is

D.have5.EveryoneexceptTomandJohn_____therethen.A.is

B.was

C.are

D.were6.Whathewantedtoknow______whytheydidn’ttellhim.A.are

B.was

C.were

D.is7.Eitheryouorhe______tostayathomethisafternoon.A.has

B.have

C.are

D.is8.Neitherofthetwins______bread.A.like

B.likes

C.liked

D.islike9.Fishandchips______myfavoritefood.A.is

B.are

C.has

D.become10.Thesingeranddancer______cometoourcity.A.are

B.is

C.have

D.has11.Three-fourthsofthewater______gone.A.is

B.are

C.have

D.were12.Everybody,menandwomen,youngandold,______listeningtotheradiohere.A.enjoys

B.enjoy

C.isenjoyed

D.areenjoyed13.EitherTomorMaria______suretoknowtheanswer.A.are

B.be

C.is

D.were14.Neitheryounorhe______howtoanswerthequestion.A.know

B.knows

C.knowing

D.toknow15.Iaswellasthey______readytohelpyou.A.am

B.are

C.is

D.

be16.Thenumberofthestudentsintheclass______aboutforty.A.is

B.are

C.were

D.have17.Everyhourandeveryminute______important.A.are

B.be

C.is

D.were18.Look!TheTurnerfamily______havingsupperunderthetreeinfrontoftheirhouse.A.is

B.are

C.like

D.like19.Notonlythetwinsbutalsotheirfather______thefilm.A.like

B.likes

C.liking