新高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)練習(xí)考向65 讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)之4步曲助力續(xù)寫(xiě)得高分(原卷版)

考向65讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)4步曲助力續(xù)寫(xiě)得高分【真題再現(xiàn)】閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫(xiě)兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)TheMeredithfamilylivedinasmallcommunity.Astheeconomywasindecline,somepeopleinthetownhadlosttheirjobs.Manyoftheirfamilieswerestrugglingtomakeendsmeet.Peopleweretryingtohelpeachothermeetthechallenges.Mrs.Meredithwasamostkindandthoughtfulwoman.Shespentagreatdealoftimevisitingthepoor.Sheknewtheyhadproblems,andtheyneededallkindsofhelp.Whenshehadtime,shewouldbringfoodandmedicinetothem.Onemorningshetoldherchildrenaboutafamilyshehadvisitedthedaybefore.Therewasamansickinbed,hiswife,whotookcareofhimandcouldnotgoouttowork,andtheirlittleboy.Thelittleboy—hisnamewasBernard—hadinterestedherverymuch.“Iwishyoucouldseehim，”shesaidtoherownchildren,John,Harry,andClara.“Heissuchahelptohismother.Hewantsverymuchtoearnsomemoney,butIdon'tseewhathecando.”Aftertheirmotherlefttheroom,thechildrensatthinkingaboutBernard.“Iwishwecouldhelphimtoearnmoney.”saidClara.“Hisfamilyissufferingsomuch.”“SodoI，”saidHarry.“Wereallyshoulddosomethingtoassistthem.”Forsomemoments,Johnsaidnothing,but,suddenly,hesprangtohisfeetandcried,“Ihaveagreatidea!Ihaveasolutionthatwecanallhelpaccomplish(完成)．”Theotherchildrenalsojumpedupallattention.WhenJohnhadanidea,itwassuretobeagoodone.“Itellyouwhatwecando，”saidJohn.“YouknowthatbigboxofcornUncleJohnsentus?Well,wecanmakepopcorn(爆米花),andputitintopaperbags,andBernardcantakeitaroundtothehousesandsellit.”注意：1.續(xù)寫(xiě)詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；2．請(qǐng)按如下格式在相應(yīng)位置作答。WhenMrs.MeredithheardofJohn'sidea,shethoughtitwasagoodone,too.Witheverythingready,Bernardstartedoutonhisnewbusiness.【四步法續(xù)寫(xiě)】第1步知原文4要素明確1個(gè)主題故事背景在社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條的環(huán)境下，大家仍心存善良，互相幫助。人物Mrs.Meredith,John,Harry和Clara,Bernard,thesickmanandhiswife原文兩情線情節(jié)線①經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退期間人們互助共渡難關(guān)；②Mrs.Meredith樂(lè)于助人；③Mrs.Meredith和孩子們講述Bernard一家的情況；④孩子們商量并找到幫助Bernard的辦法情感線Meredith樂(lè)于助人體現(xiàn)的是(caring,willing,helpful)→三個(gè)孩子想幫助Bernard一家，表現(xiàn)的是迫切渴望的情感(eager)→孩子們想出計(jì)劃時(shí)應(yīng)該是激動(dòng)的(excited)一個(gè)主題love,helpandactofkindness第2步據(jù)2個(gè)關(guān)鍵定續(xù)寫(xiě)方向根據(jù)續(xù)寫(xiě)部分兩個(gè)首句中的關(guān)鍵詞，確定續(xù)寫(xiě)部分情節(jié)發(fā)展方向，情節(jié)要簡(jiǎn)潔并注意各情節(jié)之間的相互銜接第3步兩“情”相悅添加合理細(xì)節(jié)兩“情”相悅續(xù)寫(xiě)部分情節(jié)線和情感線的發(fā)展應(yīng)與原文故事情節(jié)線和情感線一致，達(dá)到“兩情相悅”。情節(jié)線體現(xiàn)的是Meredith樂(lè)于助人，Bernard需要幫助→如何助人→雙方得償所愿；情感線的走向應(yīng)該是激動(dòng)和感激(excitedandgrateful)。添加4細(xì)節(jié)①動(dòng)作細(xì)節(jié)：續(xù)寫(xiě)第一段添加孩子取出叔叔送的那袋子玉米，準(zhǔn)備紙袋的動(dòng)作細(xì)節(jié)，呼應(yīng)原文最后一段的細(xì)節(jié)；②情感細(xì)節(jié)：在刻畫(huà)Bernard一家的激動(dòng)感激的情感時(shí)，可利用介詞短語(yǔ)；③心理細(xì)節(jié)：原文最后一句可描寫(xiě)B(tài)ernard的心理活動(dòng)，升華主旨，也呼應(yīng)原文主題；④環(huán)境細(xì)節(jié)：第二段可添加環(huán)境描寫(xiě)，渲染經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況不好的人們，愿意掏錢買爆米花幫助Bernard，同時(shí)呼應(yīng)首段末句，再次反映原文與續(xù)寫(xiě)部分的同一個(gè)主題：love,helpandactofkindness。第4步沿用原文語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)優(yōu)美連貫表達(dá)原文利用簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和主從復(fù)合句，進(jìn)行動(dòng)作描寫(xiě)、對(duì)話描寫(xiě)及一定的環(huán)境描寫(xiě)，因此續(xù)寫(xiě)部分可利用適當(dāng)?shù)牟⒘芯洹⒎侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和復(fù)合句進(jìn)行動(dòng)作和心理描寫(xiě)?？衫胊fterthat,later,onreturning,although恰當(dāng)過(guò)渡銜接。【參考范文】【策略回顧】讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)4步曲第1步知原文4要素明確1個(gè)主題讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)不是無(wú)視原文的獨(dú)立創(chuàng)作，而是順著原文作者的思路完成未完成的文本。動(dòng)手續(xù)寫(xiě)之前，首先應(yīng)認(rèn)真閱讀原文，帶著when,where,who,what,why,how理清原文的故事背景(setting)、人物和原文故事發(fā)展的情節(jié)(plot)線和情感(feelings)發(fā)展線，把握其文本大意和敘事要表現(xiàn)的主題或意圖，如2020新高考Ⅰ卷，通過(guò)講述三個(gè)孩子在有限的條件下，幫助了另外一個(gè)想要幫助父母維持生活的小男孩的故事，體現(xiàn)一個(gè)“愛(ài)、幫助和善行”的主題。1．首先獲取故事背景信息，如2020新高考Ⅰ卷在首段第二句和末句就交代了背景：Theeconomywasindecline,peoplelostjobs,buttheyweretryingtohelpeachother.2．關(guān)注兩條主線：準(zhǔn)確理解原文，根據(jù)“誰(shuí)、發(fā)生了什么”，快速理清原文對(duì)主要人或物的描寫(xiě)并對(duì)相關(guān)事件進(jìn)行整理，提煉明線——故事情節(jié)線。接著通過(guò)情節(jié)線和原文對(duì)心理情感細(xì)節(jié)的描述進(jìn)行合理推測(cè)，理清原文暗線——情感發(fā)展線。3．通過(guò)對(duì)原文故事背景、情節(jié)線和情感線的分析提煉，可以得出原文的主題或敘事意圖。記敘文類的敘事意圖或主題指故事主要內(nèi)容傳遞給讀者的信息，可以是情，也可以是理。續(xù)寫(xiě)部分要在敘述意圖或主題上與原文保持一致。第2步據(jù)2個(gè)關(guān)鍵定續(xù)寫(xiě)方向提煉出文本大意和敘述意圖后，結(jié)合所給短文的情景模式，即5W(Who?What?When?Where?Why？)和兩個(gè)續(xù)寫(xiě)段落首句中與5W相關(guān)的要點(diǎn)，以5W的角度想象續(xù)寫(xiě)部分的主要內(nèi)容，預(yù)測(cè)故事的走向。1．兩個(gè)續(xù)寫(xiě)段落的首句已給出，因此預(yù)測(cè)續(xù)寫(xiě)第一段的續(xù)寫(xiě)方向相對(duì)第二段較為明確。而第二段的續(xù)寫(xiě)方向較為開(kāi)放，需結(jié)合原文的人物性格特征和故事發(fā)展脈絡(luò)大膽預(yù)測(cè)。兩個(gè)續(xù)寫(xiě)段落的首句既是提示，也是限制。因此，在預(yù)測(cè)內(nèi)容時(shí)，須緊跟原文內(nèi)容，緊密銜接段落首句，這樣才能保證續(xù)寫(xiě)部分與原文情節(jié)的契合。2．續(xù)寫(xiě)方向的預(yù)測(cè)，必須密切結(jié)合原文的文本大意和敘述意圖、情景模式以及原文的相關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)。第3步兩“情”相悅添加合理細(xì)節(jié)一篇好的讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)，其寫(xiě)作思路應(yīng)遵循原文發(fā)展的情節(jié)線和情感發(fā)展線，即續(xù)寫(xiě)部分與原文達(dá)到“兩情相悅”時(shí)，才能與原文高度融洽。1．首先應(yīng)在情節(jié)的發(fā)展上與原文的情節(jié)發(fā)展是連貫而且是合理的，如2020新高考Ⅰ卷中提到Mrs.Meredith曾去過(guò)Bernard家，續(xù)寫(xiě)部分可用paidanothervisittothefamily呼應(yīng)原文這個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)。2．其次情感線的相悅指續(xù)寫(xiě)部分的人物心理情感的變化按照原文人物的心理情感的變化合理變化且與原文的主題一致。如2020新高考Ⅰ卷原文主題是“愛(ài)、幫助和善行”，續(xù)寫(xiě)部分應(yīng)在進(jìn)行情感描寫(xiě)時(shí)描寫(xiě)B(tài)ernard受到幫助后的感激之情，同時(shí)利用心理描寫(xiě)點(diǎn)明原文主題，升華全文的情感。第4步沿用原文語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)優(yōu)美連貫表達(dá)不同的文章有不同的語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)，有正式與非正式之分，有樸素與華麗之分，有簡(jiǎn)潔明快與繁復(fù)含蓄之分。但是同一篇文章的語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)應(yīng)該是一致的，續(xù)寫(xiě)時(shí)應(yīng)判斷并沿用原文語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)，使續(xù)寫(xiě)部分與原文渾然一體。1．體現(xiàn)記敘文特點(diǎn)的4個(gè)方面①句式結(jié)構(gòu)上：簡(jiǎn)單句、復(fù)合句以及強(qiáng)調(diào)句、倒裝句等特殊句式的使用情況，如原文利用的簡(jiǎn)單句較多，而復(fù)合句等較少或幾乎沒(méi)有，那么續(xù)寫(xiě)部分就應(yīng)多利用簡(jiǎn)單句進(jìn)行描寫(xiě)，而不應(yīng)過(guò)多涉及復(fù)合句。②語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)上：主被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)、with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)、虛擬語(yǔ)氣等的使用情況。③詞匯選擇上：常見(jiàn)初級(jí)詞匯、高級(jí)詞匯以及不同詞性的使用情況。④修辭手法上：比喻、擬人、夸張等修辭的使用情況。2．沿用語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)的4個(gè)原則①續(xù)寫(xiě)時(shí)，應(yīng)盡可能根據(jù)原文在句子結(jié)構(gòu)、語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)、詞匯選擇和修辭手法上的語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)方面遣詞造句。②不能因個(gè)人喜好或?yàn)樽非笤~句的高級(jí)和復(fù)雜等，刻意將不符合原文的詞句生搬硬套到續(xù)寫(xiě)部分。③記敘文中常出現(xiàn)人物之間的對(duì)話。如果用直接引語(yǔ)記錄人物間的對(duì)話，應(yīng)特別留意人物的特點(diǎn)和對(duì)話的情境。任何人物的語(yǔ)言都應(yīng)該和人物的特點(diǎn)一致，符合其身份和性格特征。④人物的語(yǔ)言也應(yīng)和說(shuō)話時(shí)的情境吻合，即什么情況下說(shuō)什么話，如緊急情況下的話語(yǔ)應(yīng)該是短促的，不適合用復(fù)雜的帶有從句的復(fù)合句?！緳z測(cè)訓(xùn)練】1閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開(kāi)頭續(xù)寫(xiě)兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。In2019,Irescuedaskittishdonkey(容易受驚的驢).BocamefromanearbycattleranchandnowlivespeacefullyonmyranchintheBitterrootValleyofMontana,alongwithanotherdonkey,threehorses,andtwodogs.ButthekeytoBo’ssuccessfulrecoveryfromnervousrescuetohappyranchanimalwasn’tanythingIdid.Itwasmygrandson,Dylan.Whenhewasjustshyoffouryearsold,DylancamewithhisparentstospendtheFourthofJulywithmeontheirwaytoCanadaforavacation.Bokepthisdistancefromthegrown-ups,buthedisplayedanunusualfascinationwithDylan.Sowedecidedtointroducethem.“Moveslowly,keepyourarmsdown,bequiet,andstoopdownsometimes,”Itoldmygrandson.DylancautiouslyapproachedBo,stepbystep,holdingasoftrubbercomb.Boheldhisground,butheseemedinterestedwiththislittlevisitor.DylanrubbedBo’sshouldersandnecksoftlywiththecomb,removingremainsofhisthickwintercoat.It’shardforanalmostfour-year-oldtostaystillforlong,andmotivationovercameself-control.Dylanmadeonequickmove,andBojumpedoffwithlightsteps.ButBoandDylanwerenotreadytogiveup.Dylanapproachedagain.Towitnessapreschoolerlearntocontrolhimselfinsuchashorttimewasamazing.注意：1.續(xù)寫(xiě)詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；2.請(qǐng)按照如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。Aswewatched,truelovedevelopedbetweenthisoncedistrustfuldonkeyandagentleboy.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Theymetagainoneweeklaterasthefamilypassedthroughontheirreturntrip.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開(kāi)頭續(xù)寫(xiě)兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Arshadhadbeenoutwindowshoppingwithhisparents.Thatwasalltheydidthesedaysbecausetheydidn’thaveenoughmoneytoaffordalltheshinyclothes,shoesandotherfancyitemsthewindowsdisplayed.Evenfromadistance,theylookedsopromisingandinvitingthatonecouldn’thelpbutgooverandlookatthem.EversinceArshad’sfatherlosthisbusinessandhadtoclosedownhisgarmentshop,Arshad’sfamilybarelyhadthemoneytomakeendsmeet.Theyevenhadtomovetoarentedhouse,whichwassmallerandwassituatedintheshabbierpartofthecity.Unlikehisprevioushouse,wherehehadabigluxuriousroomalltohimself,hereArshadhadtosharehisroomandbedwithhisnaughtyyoungerbrotherwhoalwayshadtheroominahorriblemess.Whatwasworse,theplaygroundinthisneighbourhoodwasnothingliketheoneinhispreviousneighbourhood;theswingswereallbroken,themonkeybarswereallrustedandgrimy,andthesee-saw(蹺蹺板)onlyhadoneseat.Thereweren’tevenanybookshopsnearbywherehecouldspendhisfreetime,flippingthroughhisfavouritecomicbooksandnovels.Thatday,Arshadandhisbrotherwereterriblyboredwhentheirfatherdecidedtotakethemalloutforwindowshopping.WhenhisfathersawthesadlookonArshad’sface,hesatdownnexttohimandsaidinasolemntone,“Remember,therearechildrenouttherewhodon’tevenhavethethingsyoudo,like,warmclothes,aroofovertheirheads,goodeducationandallthedeliciousmealsthatyourmotherpreparesforyou,threetimesaday.Youshouldalwaysbegratefulforwhatyouhave.”Afterthetriptothemall,Arshad’sfatherdecidedtotakehistwoboystoagovernmentschoolintheirneighbourhood.Thechildrenintheschoolbarelyhadchairsintheirclassrooms.Instead,theysatonruggedcarpetsdrapedoverahard,stonefloor.Threeorfourchildrensharedtorn,second-handbooksamongstthemselves.Theplaygrounddidn’tevenhaveanyswingsandtherewasnotevenacafeteria!注意：1.續(xù)寫(xiě)詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；2.請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。Arshadrememberedhowhealwayscomplainedabouttheswingsinhisplayground.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Thinkingofthehappychildreninthatschool,Arshaddecidedtodosomething.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3閱讀下面材料,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫(xiě)兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。續(xù)寫(xiě)的詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右。WrinklesofconfusionrippledacrossHolly’sforeheadassheopenedthegiftfromherbestfriend,Susan.“I...Ithoughtyoucoulduseitforsomething.”Susan’sstammeredexplanationdidnothingtohelpusunderstandwhyatwelve-by-eighteen-inchdarkbluecarpetremnant(殘余物)wasbeingpresentedasabirthdaygift.Holly,mydaughter,triedbravelynottoallowherdisappointmenttoshow.Shelaidthecarpetonthekitchencounter,andthetwogirlsheadedoutsidetoplay.Thenextmorning,Icarriedakitchenbagoutside.MyheartachedasIsawSusan’scarpetlyinginthetrashcan.Hesitatingonlyamoment,Ireachedinandpickeditup.Aftergivingitalightbrushing,Ibroughtitintothehouseandplaceditinthehallcloset.Occupiedwiththebusinessofdailyliving,thecarpetwassoonforgotten.PriortoHolly’sbirthday,Susanhadbeenaregularvisitorinourhome.Onseveraloccasions,sherodethebushomewithHollyandwasoneofthefewfriendseverpermittedtostayoveronaschoolnight.ButnowIrealizedithadbeennearlythreeweekssincewe’devenheardmentionofSusan’sname.Imissedherwarmsmileandeager-to-pleaseways.Oneday,Hollyhadarrivedhomefromschool.“Susaninvitedmetocomeovertoherhouseafterschooltomorrow,”sheannouncedasshetookherbooksdownonthekitchentable.Althoughhervoicecarriedaso-whatattitude,Isensedshewaspleasedbytheinvitation.Arrangementsweremade,andthegirlsrodehometogetherontheschoolbusthefollowingday.AsInegotiatedthewindingcountryroadthatledtoherhouse,Susanchattednervouslyaboutherfostermomandtheseventeencatsshehadtakeninandcaredfor.SoonwearrivedatSusan’shouse.注意:1.續(xù)寫(xiě)詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右;2.請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。Paragraph1:Awomanwearingashapelesssweaterstoodinthedoorwaytogreetusasweapproachedthesmallshabbyfarmhouse.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph2:HearingmywordsabouteverythingofSusan,Hollysatsilentlyinthecar,withherheadstretchingforward(前伸)asifwillingthecartomovefaster.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫(xiě)兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Sigridfinishedmilkingthecowandsteppedoutofthebarnintothecoldair.Itwasalmostsummer,buticebergsstillfilledthenarrowsea.Shesetthebucketdown,onlytofindthatthemilkreachedmerelyhalfwaytothetop.Ifwedon'tgetmorefoodsoon,shethoughtanxiously,wewillhavetoeatthecow.Andthenwhatwillwedo?GrandfatherusedtotellherthatwhentheirNorseancestorsfirstcametoGreenland,thefieldswererichwithgrass.Butinrecentyears,theclimatehasbeengettingcolderandthesummersshorter.Whenhergrandfatherwasalittleboy,therewereasmanyasfifteencowsinthefamily'sbarn.Nowthereisjustone.Andthefamilyhasbarelyenoughhaytofeedit.Agustofwindsendingachilldownherspine,Sigridstuffedherhandsintothepocketstowarmthem.Herfingersfelthermostprizedpossession,apieceofredclothshe'dhadsinceshewasasmallgirl.Shetooktheclothoutofherpocketandletitunfold.Itwasbarelylongerthanherarm.Butitsbrilliantcolourwasbrightagainstthestark(荒涼的)landscape.Theclothhadoncebeenpartofadress—inhappier,moreprosperoustimes.Nobodydresseslikethatanymore.Withice-filledseas,shipsnolongerarrivewithfoodsandgoodstotrade.Allofasudden,movementonthewatercaughtSigrid'seye.Alightboatmovedsilentlybetweentheicebergs.AnInukboy,aboutSigrid'sage,waslookingherway,staringattheredclothfluttering(飄動(dòng))inthebreeze.Ahuntingweaponwastiedtothefrontofhisboat.Anddraggingbehinditwasalargefish.SigridknewtherehadbeenfightsbetweentheInuitandtheNorse.Buttheboyhadakindfaceanddidnotreachforhisweapon.注意:1.續(xù)寫(xiě)詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右;2.請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。Shecouldn'thelpbutwonderwhattodo.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Theboyputtheclothintohispocketandreturnedtohisboat.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫(xiě)兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。續(xù)寫(xiě)的詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右。Awaterbearerhadtwolargepots,eachhungoneachendofapolewhichhecarriedacrosshisneck.Oneofthepotshadacrackinit,andwhiletheotherpotwasperfectandalwaysdeliveredafullportionofwaterattheendofthelongwalkfromthestreamtothemaster'shouse,thecrackedpotarrivedonlyhalffull.Forafulltwoyears,thiswentondaily,withthebearerdeliveringonlyoneandahalfpotsfullofwaterinhismaster'shouse.Ofcourse,theperfectpotwasproudofitsaccomplishments,perfecttotheendforwhichitwasmade.Butthepoorcrackedpotwasashamedofitsownimperfectionandmiserablethati