新高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)大題突破+限時(shí)集訓(xùn)專題15 預(yù)測(cè)卷05（解析版）

預(yù)測(cè)卷05第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題：每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AExploreYourPassionatHarvardUniversityYoureducationdoesn’tstopattheclassroomdoor.StudentactivitiesareavitalpartoftheHarvardexperience,balancingyourstudiesandcreatingopportunitiesforfriendshipandself-discovery.AthleticsHarvardAthleticsoffersforty-twointercollegeteamsforwomenandmen-morethananyothercollegedoes——aswellasnumeroussportsclubsandrecreationalactivities.Morethaneightypercentofourstudentsparticipateinathleticsofsomekind.StudentorganizationsJoinourcommunityofover500studentorganizations.YoucangettoknowstudentorganizationsatourStudentOrganizationFair,anannualtraditionthattakesplacethefirstweekofclass.YoucanalsowriteforthestudentnewspaperontheAssociatedPress.Evenifyoudon’tseeaclubthatmatchesyourinterests,we’rereadytohelpyousetupone!Doesthatsoundamazingtoyou?CommunityserviceGivingbacktocommunitiesisanidealfundamentaltoHarvard’smission.ThePhillipsBrooksHouseAssociationandtheCollegePublicServiceNetworkoffersmorethan120serviceinitiatives(方案)andprograms-frominstructinglocalyouthtopromotingenvironmentalsustainabilityandrunningahomelessshelter.Forthosededicatedtocommunityinitiatives,Harvardalsooffersavarietyoffundingsources一thatsupportyourgoalstoservethosearoundyou.LeadershipTheInstituteofPolitics(IOP)attheHarvardKennedySchoolconnectsstudentswithpoliticalleadersandexperiencedcivilservants.HarvardundergraduateshaveaccesstotheInstitute’sJohnF.KennedyJr.Forum,oneoftheworld’sbestgroundsforpoliticalspeech,discussion,anddebate.Clickheretokeeptrackofrelevantinformation.1．Whichactivityseemsattractivetomoststudents?A．Athletics. B．Studentorganizations. C．Communityservice. D．Leadership.2．Whatcanyoudoifthereisnoclubfitforyou?A．Joinastudentorganization. B．Askforhelptocreateone.C．Setuparecreationalactivity. D．Servethepeoplearoundyou.3．Howcanyougettoknowmoreabouttheseactivities?A．Bywritingfortheschoolnewspaper. B．Byreferringtotheserviceinitiatives.C．BypayingavisittoHarvardgraduates. D．Bysurfingtherelatedschoolwebsite.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，主要介紹了四種在哈佛大學(xué)中為友誼和自我發(fā)現(xiàn)創(chuàng)造機(jī)會(huì)的學(xué)生活動(dòng)。1．A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Morethaneightypercentofourstudentsparticipateinathleticsofsomekind.(我們百分之八十以上的學(xué)生參加了某種形式的田徑運(yùn)動(dòng)。)可知，大多數(shù)學(xué)生才加的活動(dòng)是田徑，即對(duì)大多數(shù)大學(xué)生有吸引力的活動(dòng)是田徑。故選A。2．B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Evenifyoudon’tseeaclubthatmatchesyourinterests,we’rereadytohelpyousetupone!(即使您沒有看到符合您興趣的俱樂部，我們也隨時(shí)準(zhǔn)備幫助您建立一個(gè)！)”可知，如果沒有適合你的俱樂部，可以尋求幫助建立一個(gè)。故選B。3．D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一句“Clickheretokeeptrackofrelevantinformation.(單擊此處跟蹤相關(guān)信息。)”可知，如果要了解更多信息，就要瀏覽學(xué)校相關(guān)的網(wǎng)站來獲得相關(guān)信息。故選D。BI’mintheareaofNoaillesinMarseille,France’ssecondlargestcityanditsmaintradeseaport.Somesmallshopssellvegetables,meat,and,itseems,allthespicesoftheMiddleEast.InadditiontoFrench,languagesspokenonthebusystreetsincludeArabicandAfricanFrench.ItalladdsuptooneofthemostethnicallydiversecitiesinEurope.Closetothedowntownstreet,IdiscoveranAlgerianrestaurant,whoseownermakeshissignaturedish—couscouswithbarley,nottheusualwheat,usingarecipethathasn’tchangedsincethe1920s.CouscousisannecessarypartofMarseilleculture.ThedishwasaddedtotheUNESCO’sListsofIntangibleCulturalHeritagein2020.Tobehonest,beforeItravelledhere,couscoushadnotbeenthefirstmealthatcametomindwhenIthoughtofMarseille.Itwasbouillabaisse,therichsoupwitholiveoil,garlicandsaffron.Iimaginedenjoyingitatasmallportsidecafe.Thiswasclearlyaromanticfantasy.Foronething,therearenosmallcafesathistoriccity.Foranother,therestaurantsdoservebouillabaisse,butwhenIseethepriceatoneplaceIamshocked:69euros!Nobowlofsoupshouldcostthatmuch.Igiveupandenduptwostreetsawayfromtheoldharborinanewrestaurant,Ourea.For28euros,ChefMatthieuRocheservesathree-courselunchthatincludestunasteaksandcouscous.Moreandmoreyoung,talentedpeoplearediscoveringthatMarseilleisanidealplacetolive.ThereisalsoagrowingnumberofParisiansmovinghereeveryyear.Tiredoftherushandexpenseoflifeinlargercities,thenewcomerscomelookingforthemorerelaxedMediterraneanwayoflife.WalkingthroughthesecontrastingneighborhoodsofMarseille.Ithinkaboutthedistinctcommunitiesherelivinginthesameneighborhoods-together,side,by,side,butnotmixed.TheymayalsofeeltheyareMarseillaisfirstregardlessofnationalities.4．WhichwordcanbestdescribeMarseilleaccordingtothefirstparagraph?A．Remote. B．Commercial. C．Industrial. D．Inland.5．WhatmadetheauthorleavetheAlgerianrestaurant?A．Theunreasonablecharge. B．Theunbearableflavor.C．Theunsatisfyingservice. D．Thenoisyatmosphere.6．WhydothenewcomerschooseMarseilleratherthanotherbigcities?A．Tomakeafortune. B．Toexperienceadish.C．Tolearnalanguage. D．Tolivealeisurelylife.7．Inwhichcolumnofamagazinecanweprobablyreadthetext?A．Fashion. B．Food. C．Trade D．Travel.【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。作者簡要介紹了法國第二大城市馬賽，并講述了自己在那里吃飯的經(jīng)歷。4．B【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段前兩句“I’mintheareaofNoaillesinMarseille,France’ssecondlargestcityanditsmaintradeseaport.Somesmallshopssellvegetables,meat,and,itseems,allthespicesoftheMiddleEast.(我現(xiàn)在在法國第二大城市和主要貿(mào)易海港馬賽的諾埃勒地區(qū)。一些小商店出售蔬菜、肉類，似乎還有所有的中東香料。)”可知，在馬賽有很多交易在進(jìn)行，即它是商業(yè)化的。故選B。5．A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后兩句“Foranother,therestaurantsdoservebouillabaisse,butwhenIseethepriceatoneplaceIamshocked:69euros!Nobowlofsoupshouldcostthatmuch.(另一方面，這里的餐廳確實(shí)供應(yīng)魚湯，但當(dāng)我看到一家餐廳的價(jià)格時(shí)，我震驚了:69歐元!一碗湯不應(yīng)該那么貴。)”可知，作者離開那家埃爾及利亞的飯館是這家店的魚湯太貴了，即收費(fèi)不合理。故選A。6．D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后一句“Tiredoftherushandexpenseoflifeinlargercities,thenewcomerscomelookingforthemorerelaxedMediterraneanwayoflife.(厭倦了大城市生活的匆忙和昂貴，新來者來到這里尋找更輕松的地中海生活方式。)”可知，新來者選擇馬賽是為了過一種輕松悠閑的生活。故選D項(xiàng)。7．D【解析】推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章重點(diǎn)介紹了作者吃飯的經(jīng)歷，且根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段前兩句“Moreandmoreyoung,talentedpeoplearediscoveringthatMarseilleisanidealplacetolive.ThereisalsoagrowingnumberofParisiansmovinghereeveryyear.(越來越多有才華的年輕人發(fā)現(xiàn)馬賽是一個(gè)理想的居住地。每年也有越來越多的巴黎人搬到這里。)”可知，馬賽作為一個(gè)港口城市吸引越來越多年輕人，說明本文主要介紹了馬賽市的吸引人之處，因此這篇文章最后可能出自雜志的旅游欄目。故選D。C“Howbeautifulthejasmine(茉莉花)is!Asweetsmellcoversthebuddingtwigs.Sofragrant,sowhite,admiredbyalllips.”ThefamedChinesefolksongJasmineFlowerhasreachedaglobalaudiencewithitsbeautifulmelodyandlyrics.EquallypopularisthetraditionallymadeJasminetea,whoseelegantfragranceandmellowtastefascinatecountlessteadrinkers.ChenChengzhonghasabigsayintheproductionofJasmineteaasheisapractitionerofFuzhouJasmineteascentingtechniques.The72-year-oldteamakerstartedhiscareerearlyinhisteenageyears,whenhebecameanapprenticeinastate-ownedteafactory.Jasmineteaisakindofteascented(帶有某種香味)withthefragranceofjasmineblossomsandtypicallyhasgreenteaasitsbase.Thenaturalscentingprocessconsumesfreshjasmineblossoms,pickedduringthedaytimewhenthebudsareclosed,Chensaid.Andthegreentealeavesfromthespringharvestarestoreduntilthemostfragrantjasmineblossomsinlatesummer.ThehotandhumidclimateandtheredsoilinEastChina’sFujianprovinceprovidefavorableconditionsforjasmineandteaplantstothrive,becomingthehigh-qualityingredientsthatareneededforJasminetea.“OurjasmineflowersandtealeavesareallsourcedfromFujianinlargequantities,despitethefactthattheyarepricierthanthosefromotherorigins,”Chensaid.Whenthefreshjasmineflowersareharvested,theyaremixedwithlayersoftealeaves.Workersstir(攪拌)thetealeavesandflowersovernight,allowingtheleavestoabsorbthefragrantscentofthejasmineblossoms.Inthemorning,theflowersaresorted,theleavesaredried,andtheprocessisrepeated.Morerepetitionmakesforamorerobustjasmineflavor,andittakesatleastninescentingprocessestoproduceJasmineteaofasuperbgrade.HavingbeenappointedastherepresentativepractitionerofFuzhouJasmineteascentingtechniques,Chennowfocusesmoreonpassingonthescentingtechniques,givinglecturestostudentsandapprentices.Chen’ssonChenZhengismotivatedtofollowinhisfather’sfootstepsandmoveforwardwiththescentingtechniques.“Likemyfather,Ialsohopetopracticethistraditionalskillthathasprofoundculturaldeposits,andpassiton,”ChenZhengsaid.8．Whatistheauthor’spurposeofquotingthesongJasmineFlower?A．Totellusnottoneglectthesong.B．Toshowthepopularityofthesong.C．Tointroducethetopic—Jasminetea.D．ToclarifytheoriginofJasminetea.9．WhyareFujian’sjasminesandtealeavesthehigh-qualityingredients?A．Becausetheirfragrancesaremixedtogether.B．BecauseFujianisrichinjasminesandtealeaves.C．Becausetheyarepricierthanthosefromotherareas.D．BecauseFujianhassuitableclimateandsoilconditions.10．WhichofthefollowingisRIGHTabouttheprocessofmakingJasminetea?A．Itusesthemostfragrantjasmineblossominginearlysummer.B．IttakesatmostninescentingprocessestoproduceJasmineteaofasuperbgrade.C．Tealeavesshouldbemixedwithfreshjasmineflowerstoabsorbtheirfragrance.D．Freshjasmineblossomsarepickedduringthedaytimewhenthebudsareopened.11．WhatdoesChenZhengwanttodo?A．ProduceJasmineteaofasuperbgrade.B．PracticeandpassonJasmineteascentingtechniques.C．Givelecturestostudentsandapprentices.D．Becomeanapprenticeinastate-ownedteafactory.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文，文章介紹了福州茉莉花茶窨制工藝傳承人陳成忠以及茉莉花茶的制作過程。8．C【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“ThefamedChinesefolksongJasmineFlowerhasreachedaglobalaudiencewithitsbeautifulmelodyandlyrics.EquallypopularisthetraditionallymadeJasminetea,whoseelegantfragranceandmellowtastefascinatecountlessteadrinkers.(中國著名民歌《茉莉花》以其優(yōu)美的旋律和歌詞贏得了全球觀眾的喜愛。同樣受歡迎的是傳統(tǒng)的茉莉花茶，其優(yōu)雅的香氣和醇香的口感吸引了無數(shù)飲茶者)”以及下文對(duì)傳統(tǒng)茉莉花茶的詳細(xì)介紹，可知本文第一段段首用著名的中國民歌《茉莉花》來引出文章主題——茉莉花茶。故選C。9．D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第一句“ThehotandhumidclimateandtheredsoilinEastChina’sFujianprovinceprovidefavorableconditionsforjasmineandteaplantstothrive,becomingthehigh-qualityingredientsthatareneededforJasminetea.(中國東部福建省濕熱的氣候和紅色的土壤為茉莉花和茶樹的茁壯成長提供了有利條件，成為茉莉花茶所需的優(yōu)質(zhì)原料)”可知，福建適宜的氣候和土壤條件為茉莉花和茶樹的茁壯成長提供了有利條件，使福建的茉莉花和茶葉成為制作茉莉花茶的優(yōu)質(zhì)原料。故選D。10．C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“Whenthefreshjasmineflowersareharvested,theyaremixedwithlayersoftealeaves.Workersstir(攪拌)thetealeavesandflowersovernight,allowingtheleavestoabsorbthefragrantscentofthejasmineblossoms.(當(dāng)新鮮的茉莉花收獲時(shí)，它們與一層層的茶葉混合在一起。工人們將茶葉和鮮花攪拌一夜，讓茶葉吸收茉莉花的芬芳)”可知在制作茉莉花茶的過程中，工人們要將茶葉與新鮮的茉莉花混合，讓茶葉吸收茉莉花的香味。故選C。11．B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Chen’ssonChenZhengismotivatedtofollowinhisfather’sfootstepsandmoveforwardwiththescentingtechniques.‘Likemyfather,Ialsohopetopracticethistraditionalskillthathasprofoundculturaldeposits,andpassiton,’ChenZhengsaid.(陳的兒子陳錚被激勵(lì)著追隨父親的腳步，推動(dòng)茉莉花茶窨制技藝向前邁進(jìn)?！乙蚕Ｍ窀赣H一樣練好這門有著深厚文化底蘊(yùn)的傳統(tǒng)技藝，把它傳承下去?！愬P說)”可知，陳錚希望像他的父親一樣練好這門有著深厚文化底蘊(yùn)的傳統(tǒng)技藝，并把它傳承下去。故選B。D“Medicine,law,business,engineering,thesearenoblepursuits,andnecessarytosustainlife.Butpoetry,beauty,romance,love,thesearewhatwestayalivefor.”Thisisdedicatedtomyfirst-yearselffouryearsago,whowasaddictedtogettinggoodgrades,andfailedtoseekthehappinessfoundineverythingelsethatcollegehastooffer.Likesomepeople,Igrewupwithafamilythatvaluedacademicsoverallelse,whogaveyoualittleextralovewhenyouweredoinggreatinyourclasses,andtookitawaywhenyoudidn’t.Asaresult,myself-worthbecametiedtomyacademicsuccess.Asaninternationalstudent,Isometimesfeltourparentsdidn’tquiteunderstandtheheavyacademicweight.Thereisadifferencebetweentryingtoalwaysbetteryourselfforyourself,andsimplyputtingtoomuchonyourplateuntilyouburnoutfromattemptingtoliveuptocertainexpectations.Weshouldallstrivetodotheformer,butunfortunatelyourmindsetshavebeenalwayswiredtofollowthelatter.Iusedtobelieveschoolkilledthecreativespiritinsideallofus,butasIgetolderandfurtherintomyacademiccareer,Ifindthatitiswewhomakethechoicetokillthatcreativespirit.IamdefinitelynotsayingthatyoushouldthrowyourGPAoutofthewindowandgopaintingallday.However,weshouldalltrytodevelopalong-sightedperspectiveonhowwewanttoshapeourlives.Takesomeclassesontopicsthatyou’regenuinelyinterestedinlearningabout,notjustpassing.Joinclubsorworkonprojectsthatresonatewithyouandpushyoubeyondyourboundaries.Andmostofall,acceptthefactthatfailureandlossaresometimesinevitableinlife.Ipromiseyou,whenyoulookbackatthesefouryears,youwillnotrememberthegoodgradesorthebadgrades,butyouwillholdinyourmemorytheconnectionsyoumadewithpeople,thethingsthatinspiredyoutocreateandthetimesyoulearnedsomethingspecial.AndsoIaskyounow,whatdoyouwanttogetoutofcollege?12．Whoistheauthorofthepassage?A．Aprofessor. B．Afreshman. C．Aparent. D．Agraduate.13．Whatdidtheauthor’sparentsstressmostonhiscollegelife?A．Seekinghappiness. B．Gettinggoodgrades.C．Buildingself-worth. D．Developingvariousinterests.14．Whatisbetteringourselvesforaccordingtotheauthor?A．Tobeabetterself. B．Torealizeourdreams.C．Topushourboundaries. D．Toliveuptoothers’expectations.15．Whichofthefollowingmaytheauthorprobablyagreewith?A．Academicgrowthhelpstopromotecreativity.B．Studentsthemselveshaveasayintheirhobbies.C．Failurescanbeavoidedwithmoreeffortsputin.D．Schoolistoblameforkillingstudents’creativity.【語篇解讀】這是一篇議論文。作者認(rèn)為自己四年前一味沉迷于好成績，沒有從大學(xué)所能提供的一切中尋找快樂。告訴讀者應(yīng)該參加一些你真正感興趣的課程，而不是敷衍了事，從大學(xué)中學(xué)到特別的東西。12．D【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Thisisdedicatedtomyfirst-yearselffouryearsago,whowasaddictedtogettinggoodgrades,andfailedtoseekthehappinessfoundineverythingelsethatcollegehastooffer.(這句話獻(xiàn)給四年前一年級(jí)的自己，當(dāng)時(shí)的我沉迷于取得好成績，沒有從大學(xué)所能提供的一切中尋找快樂)”可推知，這篇文章的作者是畢業(yè)生。故選D。13．B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Likesomepeople,Igrewupwithafamilythatvaluedacademicsoverallelse,whogaveyoualittleextralovewhenyouweredoinggreatinyourclasses,andtookitawaywhenyoudidn’t.Asaresult,myself-worthbecametiedtomyacademicsuccess.(和一些人一樣，我在一個(gè)重視學(xué)業(yè)勝過一切的家庭中長大，當(dāng)你在課堂上表現(xiàn)出色時(shí)，他們會(huì)給你一點(diǎn)額外的愛，當(dāng)你表現(xiàn)不好時(shí)，他們就會(huì)把你的愛拿走。結(jié)果，我的自我價(jià)值與我的學(xué)業(yè)成功緊密相連)”可知，作者的父母對(duì)他大學(xué)生活的最大壓力是取得好成績。故選B。14．A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Thereisadifferencebetweentryingtoalwaysbetteryourselfforyourself,andsimplyputtingtoomuchonyourplateuntilyouburnoutfromattemptingtoliveuptocertainexpectations.Weshouldallstrivetodotheformer,butunfortunatelyourmindsetshavebeenalwayswiredtofollowthelatter.(努力讓自己變得更好，和簡單地把太多事情放在自己的盤子里，直到你因?yàn)樵噲D達(dá)到某些期望而筋疲力盡，這兩者是有區(qū)別的。我們都應(yīng)該努力做到前者，但不幸的是，我們的心態(tài)總是傾向于后者)”可知，在作者看來，改善自己是為了成為更好的自己。故選A。15．B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Takesomeclassesontopicsthatyou’regenuinelyinterestedinlearningabout,notjustpassing.Joinclubsorworkonprojectsthatresonatewithyouandpushyoubeyondyourboundaries.Andmostofall,acceptthefactthatfailureandlossaresometimesinevitableinlife.(參加一些你真正感興趣的課程，而不是敷衍了事。加入俱樂部或參與能引起你共鳴的項(xiàng)目，讓你超越自己的界限。最重要的是，接受這個(gè)事實(shí)，失敗和失去在生活中有時(shí)是不可避免的)”可知，作者認(rèn)為學(xué)生對(duì)自己的愛好有發(fā)言權(quán)。故選B。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Nomatterwhereyougo,you’llnoticesomethingstrangeabouttrees—thefactthattheirbottomsarepaintedwhite.Generallyspeaking,thepurposeofwhitewashingistoprotecttreesfromheatandinsects.____16____.Let’scheckthemout!BlockingthesunYoumightsometimesnoticethatsometreetrunks’surfacesgetdryandcrackeasily.____17____.Simplyput,theyareexposedtotheburningsunandthetemperatureschangewildlybetweendayandnight.Fortunately,paintingatree’strunkwhiteissimilartoaddingsunscreen,whichhelpsblockthesun.Heatprotection____18____.Whitepaintreflectstheheatandallowstreestospendmoretimeontranspiration(蒸騰)andgrowingtheirfruits.Additionally,whentreesarecooler,theyhavelessstress,whichmakestheirstomata(氣孔)stayopenabitlongerfortheexchangeofgases.DefendingagainstpestsMoreoftenthannot,atree’ssurfacewillcrack,allowinginsectstocreepinside.____19____.Therefore,peoplewhitewashtreesusinglatexpaintandwater,whichpreventsinsectsfromclimbinguptreesandenteringinsidethroughthecracks.____20____Lastbutnotleast,thesurfaceoftreesispaintedwhitetomakethemmorevisible,specificallyforthoseonthesideoftheroad.Whyisthatimportant?Becauseaccidentsinvolvingtreesareextremelycommon,especiallyduringthenight,whendriverscannotseethemmuchmoreclearly.A．StoppingaccidentsB．ImprovingvisibilityC．WhitewashingisagoodwaytosolvetheproblemD．ThecauseofthisphenomenonhasalreadybeenfoundE．WhitewashinghelpsyoungtreesremaincoolinspringF．However,there’remanyotherreasonsforwhitewashingtreesG．Bacteriawillfeedonthetree’sinnerparts,eventuallykillingit【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要解釋了樹木粉刷成白色的原因。16．F【解析】根據(jù)上文“Nomatterwhereyougo,you’llnoticesomethingstrangeabouttrees—thefactthattheirbottomsarepaintedwhite.Generallyspeaking,thepurposeofwhitewashingistoprotecttreesfromheatandinsects.(無論你走到哪里，你都會(huì)注意到樹的一些奇怪之處——它們的底部都被漆成了白色。一般來說，刷白的目的是保護(hù)樹木免受高溫和昆蟲的侵害)”以及后文“Let’scheckthemout!(讓我們來看看吧！)”可知，本句與上文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折，指出粉刷樹木還有其它原因。故F選項(xiàng)“然而，粉刷樹木還有很多其他原因”符合語境，故選F。17．D【解析】根據(jù)上文“Youmightsometimesnoticethatsometreetrunks’surfacesgetdryandcrackeasily.(有時(shí)你可能會(huì)注意到一些樹干的表面很干燥，很容易開裂)”以及后文“Simplyput,theyareexposedtotheburningsunandthetemperatureschangewildlybetweendayandnight.Fortunately,paintingatree’strunkwhiteissimilartoaddingsunscreen,whichhelpsblockthesun.(簡單地說，它們暴露在烈日下，晝夜之間的溫度變化很大。幸運(yùn)的是，把樹干涂成白色就像涂防曬霜一樣，有助于阻擋陽光)”可知，后文主要分析了樹干開裂的原因。故D選項(xiàng)“這種現(xiàn)象的原因已經(jīng)找到了”符合語境，故選D。18．E【解析】根據(jù)后文“Whitepaintreflectstheheatandallowstreestospendmoretimeontranspiration(蒸騰)andgrowingtheirfruits.Additionally,whentreesarecooler,theyhavelessstress,whichmakestheirstomata(氣孔)stayopenabitlongerfortheexchangeofgases.(白色的油漆可以反射熱量，讓樹木有更多的時(shí)間蒸騰和生長果實(shí)。此外，當(dāng)樹木溫度較低時(shí)，它們的壓力較小，這使得它們的氣孔保持開放的時(shí)間更長，以便進(jìn)行氣體交換)”可知，后文提到白色的油漆可以反射熱量，讓樹木有更多的時(shí)間蒸騰和生長果實(shí)，即可以讓樹木保持涼爽。故E選項(xiàng)“刷白可以幫助小樹在春天保持涼爽”符合語境，故選E。19．G【解析】根據(jù)上文“Moreoftenthannot,atree’ssurfacewillcrack,allowinginsectstocreepinside.(通常情況下，樹的表面會(huì)裂開，讓昆蟲爬進(jìn)去)”以及后文“Therefore,peoplewhitewashtreesusinglatexpaintandwater,whichpreventsinsectsfromclimbinguptreesandenteringinsidethroughthecracks.(因此，人們用乳膠漆和水粉刷樹木，防止昆蟲爬上樹，從裂縫進(jìn)入內(nèi)部)”可知，本句是在說明昆蟲爬進(jìn)去的后果：細(xì)菌會(huì)以樹的內(nèi)部為食，最終殺死樹。故G選項(xiàng)“細(xì)菌會(huì)以樹的內(nèi)部為食，最終殺死樹”符合語境，故選G。20．B【解析】根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容“Lastbutnotleast,thesurfaceoftreesispaintedwhitetomakethemmorevisible,specificallyforthoseonthesideoftheroad.Whyisthatimportant?Becauseaccidentsinvolvingtreesareextremelycommon,especiallyduringthenight,whendriverscannotseethemmuchmoreclearly.(最后但并非最不重要的是，樹的表面被涂成白色，使它們更明顯，特別是對(duì)那些在路邊的人來說。為什么這很重要？因?yàn)樯婕皹淠镜慕煌ㄊ鹿史浅３Ｒ?，尤其是在夜間，因?yàn)樗緳C(jī)看不清樹木)”可知，本段的主旨是樹木粉刷成白色可以提高司機(jī)的能見度。故B選項(xiàng)“提高能見度”符合語境，故選B。第三部分語言知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。SammieVanceapproachedherprincipalatHaleyElementarywiththeideaofinstalling“buddybenches”intoherschoolplaygroundtohelpothersfeellesslonely.Theprincipal____21____oftheidea.Butwoodenbenchesare

____22____.Justonewouldbeworthnearlyathousanddollars.However,abenchmadeof____23____bottlecapswouldonlybearound$250.SoSammie____24____othersinhercommunitytocollectenoughcapstomakeonebench.

____25____,shemanagedtogetbottlecapsfrom50states.Andthus,theinitiativeof“Sammie’sBuddyBenchProject”was

____26____.Prettysoon,Sammie’sBuddyBenchProjectbegancommandingthe____27____ofseveralnewsmedia.Forheramazingefforts,Sammiehasbeenchosenthereceiverofseveral____28____andwas____29____oneofPeoplemagazine’s“GirlsChangingtheWorld”.And____30____,morethan200bottlecapbuddybencheshavebeenaroundatschoolsandparksacrossthecountry,plusMexicoandAustralia.Thisis,ofcourse,notjustabeautifulstoryabouthelpingothers.It’salsoamajorwinfor____31____.Itisreportedthat1.3billionbottlecapsareusedeachyear.Thesecapscannotberecycledinthesamewayalongwithplasticbottles____32____eachhasadifferentmeltingpoint,andwhentheyare____33____in,itcanruinanentirebatch(一批).Andthat’swhentheygetdiscarded.Millionsofcapshavebeenfoundinour____34____alone,whichcanbedevastatingtomarinelife.Infact,it’soneoftheleading____35____ofdeath.It’sbigcaringheartslikeSammie’sthathelpourplanethealagainstdamage.21．A．complained B．a(chǎn)llowed C．a(chǎn)pproved D．spoke22．A．costly B．heavy C．productive D．valueless23．A．reviewed B．recreated C．removed D．recycled24．A．kepttrackof B．reachedoutto C．sanghighpraisesfor D．gotridof25．A．Unfortunately B．Accordingly C．Apparently D．Eventually26．A．born B．promoted C．obtained D．commented27．A．a(chǎn)ttraction B．a(chǎn)ttention C．a(chǎn)cceptance D．a(chǎn)dmission28．A．campaigns B．contests C．a(chǎn)ssemblies D．a(chǎn)wards29．A．nicknamed B．introduced C．defined D．named30．A．theotherday B．todate C．bythen D．untilrecently31．A．sustainability B．changeability C．a(chǎn)daptability D．visibility32．A．though B．a(chǎn)s C．if D．when33．A．combined B．mixed C．involved D．fitted34．A．fields B．walls C．oceans D．rains35．A．explanations B．questions C．ways D．causes【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹SammieVance發(fā)起了一個(gè)名為“Sammie’sBuddyBenchProject”倡議，呼吁大家回收瓶蓋制作供人們休息的長椅，這有助于幫助地球從破壞中恢復(fù)。21．C【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：校長贊成這個(gè)想法。A.complained抱怨；B.allowed允許；C.approved贊同；D.spoke講。根據(jù)下文“SoSammie___24___

othersinhercommunitytocollectenoughcapstomakeonebench.”推知，校長贊成了Sammie的想法。故選C。22．A【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但木頭的長椅和貴。A.costly昂貴的；B.heavy重的；C.productive多產(chǎn)的；D.valueless沒有價(jià)值的。根據(jù)下文“Justonewouldbeworthnearlyathousanddollars.”可知，木制的長椅很貴。故選A。23．D【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，一個(gè)由回收瓶蓋制成的長椅只需250美元左右。A.reviewed復(fù)習(xí)；B.recreated在創(chuàng)造，重現(xiàn)；C.removed移除；D.recycled回收利用。根據(jù)下文“SoSammie___24___othersinhercommunitytocollectenoughcapstomakeonebench”可知，此處是指用回收的瓶蓋制作長椅。故選D。24．B【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：因此，Sammie向社區(qū)里的其他人求助，收集足夠的瓶蓋來制作一張長椅。A.kepttrackof跟蹤；B.reachedoutto伸手，求助；C.sanghighpraisesfor高度贊揚(yáng)；D.gotridof擺脫。根據(jù)“othersinhercommunitytocollectenoughcaps”可知，Sammie一個(gè)人在短時(shí)間內(nèi)不能收集足夠多的瓶蓋，因此求助于社區(qū)的其他人。故選B。25．D【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：最終，她成功從50個(gè)州收集到了瓶蓋。A.Unfortunately不幸的是；B.Accordingly相應(yīng)地，因此；C.Apparently顯然；D.Eventually最終。根據(jù)上文“SoSammie___24___othersinhercommunitytocollectenoughcapstomakeonebench.”可知，此處指經(jīng)過Sammie和社區(qū)他人的努力，她最終收集到了足夠的瓶蓋。故選D。26．A【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：因此，“Sammie的伙伴長椅項(xiàng)目”的倡議誕生了。A.born生，誕生；B.promoted升值，促進(jìn)；C.obtained獲得；D.commented評(píng)論。根據(jù)下文“Prettysoon,Sammie’sBuddyBenchProjectbegancommandingthe___27___ofseveralnewsmedia.”可知，“Sammie的伙伴長椅項(xiàng)目”的倡議誕生了。故選A。27．B【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：很快，Sammie的BuddyBench項(xiàng)目開始吸引了幾家新聞媒體的關(guān)注。A.attraction吸引力，吸引物；B.attention注意力，關(guān)注；C.acceptance接受；D.admission準(zhǔn)許進(jìn)入，進(jìn)入權(quán)。根據(jù)下文“Sammiehasbeenchosenthereceiverofseveral___28___andwas___29___oneofPeoplemagazine’s“GirlsChangingtheWorld”.”可知，Sammie的項(xiàng)目得到了媒體的關(guān)注。故選B。28．D【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：因?yàn)樗@人的努力，Sammie被選為多個(gè)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)的獲得者，并被《人物》雜志評(píng)為“改變世界的女孩”之一。A.campaigns運(yùn)動(dòng)，戰(zhàn)役；B.contests競賽，比賽；C.assemblies集會(huì)，議會(huì)；D.awards獎(jiǎng)品，獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。根據(jù)“Forheramazingefforts”可知，因?yàn)镾ammie的努力她得到了多個(gè)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)。故選D。29．D【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.nicknamed取綽號(hào)；B.introduced介紹，引入；C.defined定義；D.named命名?！癎irlsChangingtheWorld”是《人物》雜志給Sammie的頭銜，用“命名”符合句意。故選D。30．B【解析】考查短語辨析。句意：直到今天，在全國各地的學(xué)校和公園，加上墨西哥和澳大利亞，已經(jīng)有200多個(gè)瓶蓋伙伴長椅。A.theotherday幾天前；B.todate至今；C.bythen直到那時(shí)；D.untilrecently直到最近。結(jié)合上文內(nèi)容可知，此處是指“Sammie的伙伴長椅項(xiàng)目”自誕生以來獲得的成就，todate符合句意。故選B。31．A【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這也是可持續(xù)發(fā)展的重大勝利。A.sustainability耐久性，可持續(xù)性；B.changeability可變性；C.adaptability適應(yīng)性；D.visibility能見度。根據(jù)下文“Itisreportedthat1.3billionbottlecapsareusedeachyear.”可知，用可回收的瓶蓋制作長椅是可持續(xù)性發(fā)展的體現(xiàn)。故選A。32．B【解析】考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：這些瓶蓋不能以相同的方式與塑料瓶一起回收，因?yàn)槊總€(gè)瓶蓋的熔點(diǎn)都不同，當(dāng)它們混合在一起時(shí)，可能會(huì)破壞整個(gè)批次。A.though然而；B.as因?yàn)椋?dāng)，即使；C.if如果；D.when當(dāng)。結(jié)合句意可知，瓶蓋的熔點(diǎn)不同是瓶蓋不能和塑料瓶同時(shí)回收的原因。故選B。33．B【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.combined聯(lián)合；B.mixed混合；C.involved包括，涉及；D.fitted適合。根據(jù)“itcanruinanentirebatch”并結(jié)合常識(shí)可知，如果把瓶蓋和塑料瓶混合在一起同時(shí)回收，會(huì)破壞整個(gè)批次。故選B。34．C【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：僅在我們的海洋中就發(fā)現(xiàn)了數(shù)百萬個(gè)瓶蓋，這可能會(huì)對(duì)海洋生物造成破壞。A.fields田野，領(lǐng)域；B.walls墻；C.oceans海洋；D.rains雨。根據(jù)“whichcanbedevastatingtomarinelife.”可知，此處是指在海洋中發(fā)現(xiàn)了數(shù)百萬個(gè)瓶蓋。故選C。35．D【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：事實(shí)上，它是導(dǎo)致死亡的主要原因之一。A.explanations解釋；B.questions問題；C.ways方法；D.causes原因，起因。結(jié)合常識(shí)可知，海洋中的塑料是導(dǎo)致海洋生物死亡的原因之一。故選D。第二節(jié)(共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。TheChinesefolkdanceisamicrocosm(縮影)ofthecountry’srichculture.Thepeacockdanceisa____36____(tradition)folkdanceoftheDaiminority.TheDaipeopleareknownfortheirdancingandsingingskills.It’ssaidthatmore____37____athousandyearsago,theDaiminority’sheadlearnedtodancethrough____38____(copy)theelegantgesturesofthepeacock.Afterwards,thedance____39____(promote)bylatergenerationsandspreadwidely.In____40____mindoftheDaipeople,thepeacockisasymbolofhappiness.Thedancemovementsareusuallyperformedinafixedorder.Thedancestartswithapeacockflyingoutfrom____41____(it)nestandlookingaroundcautiously.It____42____(wander)aroundthewildsearchingforfood.Havinghaditsfill,thepeacockthengoestotheriverbanktobatheandplayinthewater.Afterthat,itshakesthewaterdropsoffandcombsitsfeathers.When____43____(compete)withotherpeacocks,itdisplaysitsbeautifultailtoitsrivalsanditsbeloved.Attheendofthedance,thepeacockspreadsoutitswingsandfliesjoyfullyintothesky.____44____(show)alivelypeacock,dancersmustusearangeofhandmovementsandeyeexpressions.Theirkneesmustbeveryflexible,_____45_____isafeatureoftheDaidance.【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。介紹了傣族的孔雀舞的歷史和動(dòng)作要領(lǐng)。36．traditional【解析】考查形容詞。句意：孔雀舞是傣族的傳統(tǒng)民間舞蹈。此處應(yīng)用形容詞修飾名詞dance，名詞tradition的形容詞形式為traditional。故填traditional。37．than【解析】考查固定詞組。句意：據(jù)說一千多年前，傣族人的首領(lǐng)通過模仿孔雀優(yōu)美的的姿勢(shì)學(xué)會(huì)了跳舞?！癿orethan”意為“超過，多余”，超過一千年。故填than。38．copying【解析】考查動(dòng)名詞。句意：據(jù)說一千多年前，傣族人的首領(lǐng)通過模仿孔雀優(yōu)美的的姿勢(shì)學(xué)會(huì)了跳舞。介詞through后跟動(dòng)名詞做賓語。故填copying。39．waspromoted【解析】考查被動(dòng)語態(tài)和時(shí)態(tài)。句意：之后，這種舞蹈被后輩人宣傳推廣并廣泛傳播。主語dance與動(dòng)詞promote之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且時(shí)間為過去，應(yīng)使用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故填waspromoted。40．the【解析】考查冠詞。句意：在傣族人的心中，孔雀是幸福的象征。此處特指傣族人的想法，應(yīng)使用定冠詞進(jìn)行特指。故填the。41．its【解析】考查形容詞性物主代詞。句意：孔雀舞以孔雀從它的巢穴飛出并謹(jǐn)慎地環(huán)顧開始。名詞nest前應(yīng)使用形容詞性物主代詞修飾。故填its。42．wanders【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)和人稱。句意：孔雀在野外四處閑逛覓食。此處描述舞蹈動(dòng)作含義的客觀事實(shí)，應(yīng)使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，且主語為第三人稱單數(shù)。故填wanders。43．competing

【解析】考查狀語從句的省略。句意：當(dāng)與其他孔雀競爭時(shí)，它會(huì)向它的對(duì)手和愛人展示漂亮的尾巴。在狀語從