新高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)講練測(cè)專題08：完形填空說(shuō)明文文應(yīng)試策略（三）（原題版）

?專題08完形填空說(shuō)明文應(yīng)對(duì)策略考點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)精考點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)精講【題型特點(diǎn)】說(shuō)明文往往圍繞一個(gè)問(wèn)題從不同的側(cè)面來(lái)加以說(shuō)明，通常結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，句子結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，因此也是高考完形填空題中較難理解的一種文體。其主要特點(diǎn)為：1.開頭點(diǎn)題在說(shuō)明文類的完形填空中，作者一般在文章的首句直接提出說(shuō)明的對(duì)象，這是掌握說(shuō)明細(xì)節(jié)的前提。2.結(jié)構(gòu)清晰說(shuō)明文一般按一定的順序展開。理清文章的說(shuō)明順序，對(duì)于正確把握文意和上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，選擇正確答案具有重要意義。3.難度較大說(shuō)明文往往采用比較正式的文體，表述準(zhǔn)確嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，生詞術(shù)語(yǔ)較多，句子較長(zhǎng)，結(jié)構(gòu)較為復(fù)雜。4.遣詞用字簡(jiǎn)練說(shuō)明文一般采用簡(jiǎn)練的語(yǔ)言，按一定的方法介紹事物的類別、性質(zhì)、特點(diǎn)、構(gòu)造、成因、關(guān)系或事物的運(yùn)動(dòng)變化、發(fā)展的過(guò)程及其規(guī)律。5.條理清晰說(shuō)明文十分講究條理性，一般采取時(shí)間順序、空間順序、邏輯順序或認(rèn)知順序來(lái)說(shuō)明事物或事理?！緫?yīng)試策略】1.

快速弄清文章大意對(duì)于此類文章我們結(jié)合選擇項(xiàng)，進(jìn)行粗讀或略讀，對(duì)文章的大意要先有一個(gè)大體的了解。說(shuō)明文往往生詞較多，而題材又比較廣泛，所以閱讀時(shí)，首先要能夠掌握文章的大意。2.

弄清楚說(shuō)明的順序把握了說(shuō)明順序，就能準(zhǔn)確把握文章的脈絡(luò)，加強(qiáng)對(duì)整篇文章的理解。3.

把握文章的組織結(jié)構(gòu)，理清事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)把握語(yǔ)篇特征對(duì)理解文意與答題極為有利。說(shuō)明性的文章一般都是一篇完整的、意思表達(dá)清楚的、邏輯比較嚴(yán)密的短文。在閱讀這類文章時(shí)，我們一定要仔細(xì)研讀文章的開頭和結(jié)尾，從主題句著手，找出支持句，然后尋找文章的結(jié)論。這時(shí)，我們還要特別注意，不要被表面的一些細(xì)節(jié)所迷惑，我們?cè)诶斫饧?xì)節(jié)的基礎(chǔ)上，還要斟酌文字的內(nèi)涵意義，從而對(duì)文章進(jìn)行深層次的理解。4.

注重上下文語(yǔ)境應(yīng)逐句精讀短文，逐題分析選項(xiàng)，對(duì)特定的語(yǔ)境作深入的理解，克服＂思維定勢(shì)＂，根據(jù)全文大意和詞不離句、句不離文的原則逐項(xiàng)填空。5.

熟練做題方法，遵循四個(gè)原則：（1）上下一致。每個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)必須從全文出發(fā)，從大處著手，避免孤立地分析每一空格，造成誤選。（2）語(yǔ)法正確。從語(yǔ)法地角度去考慮動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)以及詞類用法。（3）邏輯合理。在完形填空題中，邏輯推理非常重要，有時(shí)每個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)從語(yǔ)法上講都正確，但是有的是不合語(yǔ)境邏輯的。（4）符合搭配。英語(yǔ)中固定搭配很多，需要熟練掌握，才能做好此類題目。_____優(yōu)選真題演練優(yōu)選真題演練【2023·湖南省雅禮十六校第一次聯(lián)考】ItiscommonlybelievedthatthegreatEnglish____21____andpoetWilliamShakespearewasborninStratford-on-AvononApril23,1564.Butitisimpossibletoknowthe____22____dayonwhichhewasborn.Churchrecordsshowhewasbaptized(施洗禮)onApril26,andthreedayswasa(an)____23____amountoftimetowaitbeforebaptizinganewlybornbaby.Shakespeare’sdateofdeathis____24____known,however:itwasApril23,1616.Hewas52andhadretiredtoStratfordthreeyearsbefore.Althoughfewplayshavebeenperformedoranalyzedas____25____asthe38playsShakespearewrote,therearefewsurviving____26____abouthislife.This____27____ofbiographicalinformationisdueprimarilytohissocial____28____;hewasnota____29____,butthesonofaleathertrader.Shakespeare_____30_____attendedthegrammarschoolinStratford,wherehewouldhavestudiedLatinandread_____31_____literature.Hedidnotgotouniversityandatage18marriedAnneHathaway,whowaseightyearshis_____32_____.Theyhadfourchildren,includingthetwins,HamnetandJudith.NothingisknownoftheperiodbetweenthebirthofthetwinsandShakespeare’s_____33_____asadramatistinLondonintheearly1590s.Inamillionwordswrittenover20years,he_____34_____thefullrangeofhumanemotionsandconflictswitha_____35_____thatremainssharptoday.AshisgreatcontemporarythepoetanddramatistBenJonsonsaid,"Hewasnotofanage,butforalltime."24221．A．writer B．a(chǎn)rtist C．dramatist D．a(chǎn)ctor22．A．real B．exact C．certain D．right23．A．customary B．fixed C．traditional D．permanent24．A．conclusively B．finally C．a(chǎn)ctually D．rarely25．A．vividly B．extensively C．dramatically D．intensively26．A．facts B．proves C．hints D．details27．A．bareness B．scarcity C．a(chǎn)mount D．a(chǎn)bundance28．A．rank B．wealth C．evaluation D．reputation29．A．lord B．businessman C．celebrity D．noble30．A．indeed B．probably C．surely D．truly31．A．classical B．comedic C．tragic D．a(chǎn)ncient32．A．wife B．junior C．senior D．sister33．A．a(chǎn)mbition B．development C．shift D．emergence34．A．captured B．possessed C．gripped D．clenched35．A．level B．pen C．precision D．method【2022年浙江省二?！块喿x下面短文,從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。China’sculturalrelicprotectionhasmadeprogress,butmanyproblemsstillexistandneedtobesolved.Chinahasmadeover30____31____basedonthelawofculturalrelicprotection.Chinahasalso____32____fourinternationalagreementsconcerningculturalrelicprotectionandinvestmentinculturalrelicprotectionhasalso____33____.Statisticsshowthatfrom2000to2005whenChinacarriedoutits10thFive-YearDevelopmentPlan,totalinvestmentinthefield____34____7.889billionyuan.Withfinancialsupportfromgovernment,Chinaalsostartedanationwidecampaigntosearchand____35____culturalrelicsin2003.Chinahassofarincludedatotalof2,351culturalrelicsitesand518intangible(無(wú)形的)culturalrelicsonthe____36____ofnationalprotecteditems.Recoveryandprotectionhavebeen____37____onimportantculturalrelicsitessuchasthePotalaPalaceinTibetandthePalaceMuseuminBeijing.Chinesemuseumshavedevelopedwellinrecentyears.Chinahasmorethan2,300museumsthat____38____about150millionpeopleannually.However,culturalrelicsinChinanowfacegreat____39____.Manyhistoriccitieshavebeen____40____.Illegaltradeandsmuggling(走私)activitieshavenotbeenforbidden,whichhasledtothelossofnationaltreasuresoverseas.____41____,manyimportantculturalrelicsiteshavedisappearedorarehardtopassonbecauseoftoomuchexplorationandimproperuse.Andculturalrelics____42____byminorityethnicgroupshavelosttheircharacterduetothe____43____lifestyleofthepeople.Therefore,weshouldkeepourmindclearandtake____44____tobetterprotectculturalrelics,and____45____thewholesocietytotakepartinthiscause.27031．A．reforms B．principles C．a(chǎn)gendas D．rules32．A．formed B．organized C．joined D．banned33．A．improved B．increased C．promoted D．dismissed34．A．a(chǎn)rrived B．expected C．reached D．jumped35．A．protect B．bless C．collapse D．reserve36．A．list B．record C．file D．case37．A．carriedout B．laidout C．broughtout D．putout38．A．submit B．a(chǎn)ttract C．a(chǎn)cknowledge D．satisfy39．A．chances B．opportunities C．pressures D．challenges40．A．missed B．disappeared C．lost D．destroyed41．A．Insummary B．What’sworse C．However D．Therefore42．A．collected B．bought C．held D．discovered43．A．occupied B．harmonious C．changing D．widening44．A．notice B．turns C．a(chǎn)dvantage D．measures45．A．encourage B．consult C．command D．a(chǎn)ssign_____名校好題必名校好題必測(cè)【湖北十堰市聯(lián)合體2022-2023學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期11月期中聯(lián)考英語(yǔ)試題】IamveryluckybecauseIenjoymyworkverymuch.I’mafitnessinstructoratagymnearwhereIlive.I____21____sixaerobics(有氧運(yùn)動(dòng))classesaweekandalsotellmystudentsabout____22____andnutrition.Astheysay,“Youarewhatyou____23____.”Tobehonest,Iworryaboutthe____24____thatmanypeoplehavetoday.Somanypeopleareoverweight.Becausetheyeatthe____25____foodsandtheydon’tdoanyexercise.Whenyouworkinanofficeallday,Iknowitisdifficulttofind____26____tokeepfit,butyouonlyneedtodo20minutesaday!It’salsoveryimportanttohavea____27____diet,startingwithbreakfastinthemorning.It’snotagoodideato____28____breakfastalthoughmanyofusjusthaveacupofteaorcoffee.Eatasmuch____29____foodaspossible—lotsoffruitandvegetables—and____30____nottoeattoomuchfriedfood.One____31____whyalotofpeoplefeellessthan100%fitisthattheydon’tdrinkenoughwater.Youneedtodrinktwoliters(升)aday—andwater____32____water,nottea,coffeeorsugarydrinks.Keepingfitisfun.However,alotofpeoplethinkit’sboringtogojoggingorcycling.Theyjustwantto____33____theirfood.Well,ofcourse,it’sfinetohavecakesandicecream,butnoteveryday!Iwouldsaywelikewhatourbodies____34____andifyoueatmorehealthyfood,overtime,youmightfindyourselfwantingtoeatthemmorethananythingelse.Tryit,Ithinkyou’llbe____35____!21.A.design B.teach C.share D.choose22.A.taste B.cooking C.health D.wealth23.A.eat B.wear C.speak D.think24.A.idea B.habit C.diet D.goal25.A.cheap B.proper C.delicious D.wrong26.A.space B.money C.time D.courage27.A.special B.poor C.simple D.balanced28.A.make B.miss C.get D.order29.A.fresh B.dried C.fast D.expensive30.A.promise B.beg C.decide D.try31.A.reason B.excuse C.result D.opinion32.A.means B.includes C.needs D.produces33.A.enjoy B.show C.prepare D.research34.A.settledownto B.areburiedin C.aremadeof D.areusedto35.A.moved B.surprised C.troubled D.worried【2022·江蘇省如皋中學(xué)高三上學(xué)期教學(xué)質(zhì)量調(diào)研】Philosophyisasystematicandreflectivethinkingonlife.Inthinking,thethinkerisusually____1____bythesurroundingsinwhichhelives.Thisistrueofanindividual,asitisalsotrueof____2____TotheancientChinesetheirlandwastheworld.TherearetwoexpressionsinChinesewhichcanbothbe____3____astheworld:“allbeneaththesky”and“allwithinthefourseas.”Tothepeopleofamaritime(沿海的)countrysuchastheGreeksitwouldbe____4____thatexpressionslikethesecouldbesynonymous.TheancientChineseandGreekphilosophersnotonlylivedunderdifferentgeographicconditions,butdifferent____5____onesaswell.SinceChinaisa____6____country,theChinesepeoplehavetomaketheirlivingbyagriculture,andlandistheprimarybasisofwealth.____7____,throughoutChinesehistory,socialandeconomicthinkingandpolicyhave____8____theemploymentanddistributionofland.InthesocialandeconomicthinkingofChinesephilosophers,thereisa____9____betweenwhattheycall“theroot(本)”and“thebranch(末).”“Theroot”referstoagricultureand“thebranch”to____10____.Thepeoplewhodealwiththe“branch”werethemerchants.Theywerethe____11____andlowestofthefourtraditionalclassesofsociety,theotherthreebeingscholars,farmers,andartisans.Scholarsandfarmerswere____12____theninChina.Thescholarsdidnotactually____13____thelandthemselves,but