定語從句語法講解

學習必備歡迎下載學習必備歡迎下載學習必備歡迎下載定語從句一．定語從句的基本用法漢語中的“……的”即為定語。如：“美麗的春天”中的“美麗的”。如果定語由一個句子來充當，此句即稱之為定語從句。由定語所修飾的詞叫做先行詞，如“春天”。定語從句分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。它們的引導詞分為關系代詞和關系副詞。判斷使用什么引導詞要判成分，看指代。關系代詞成分指人指物指人和物作主語whowhichthat作賓語who;whom;/which;/that作定語whosewhosewhose作介賓(介詞放在關系代詞之前)whomwhich作介賓(介詞放在句末)whom；who;that;/which;that;/that關系副詞作狀語表時間表地點表原因when=in/onwhichwhere=in/atwhichwhy=forwhich二．關系代詞that,which用法之別引導定語從句的關系代詞which,that在修飾先行詞時，一般可換用，有時則不可。它們引導定語從句有最基本的三點區(qū)別：=1\*GB3①that只用于限制性的定語從句；which可用于限制性和非限制性定語從句。=2\*GB3②that可指人也可指物；which只可指物。=3\*GB3③that不能至于介詞后，引導定語從句時把介詞放于句后，which可置于介詞后,也可把介詞放在定語從句后面.下面就which,that不宜換用的情況，作一歸納：1．只可用that的定語從句=1\*GB3①在修飾時間、地點等先行詞時，只可用that代替when,where等關系副詞，而不能用which。Thatwasthetimethat(=when)hearrived(at).=2\*GB3②same所修飾的先行詞后可用that而不可用which。YesterdayImetthesamescientistthat(=as)youmetlastyear.=3\*GB3③主句是以who或which開頭的特殊疑問句或先行詞是疑問代詞who時，定語從句要用that而不用which(who,whom)引導。（避免重復）WhichistheroomthatMrWanglivesin?Whothathasseenhimdoesn’tadmirehim?2．多用that（極少用which）的定語從句。=1\*GB3①先行詞為不定代詞all,everything,nothing,anything,something,little,much,few,onlything,best等或名詞前帶有all,every,no,some,any,little,much,few等時，關系代詞一般用that。Inthisschoolwesawmuch(little)thatwasdifferentfromours.Theonlythingthatmattersistofindourwayhome.YoumustpayattentiontoeverythingthatIwilldo.=2\*GB3②先行詞包括人和物時用that.Ourschoolmastertalkedabouttheteachersandschoolsthathehadvisited.=3\*GB3③先行詞被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級（包括first,last）或被only,very等修飾時關系代詞一般只用that。Heistheonlypersonthatisreliable.What’sthefirst(best,last,only)Englishmagazinethatyouhaveeverread?=4\*GB3④關系代詞在定語從句中作表語時，多用that引導。Ourvillageisnolongertheplace(that)itusedtobe.3.只用which不用that的定語從句。=1\*GB3①在定語從句中作介詞賓語且置于該介詞后，只用which。（介詞在前）Theroominwhichweliveisveryclean.=2\*GB3②在先行詞是物的非限制性定語從句中，只用which.Ienjoythedress,whichmymotherboughtformybirthday.=3\*GB3③定語從句是比較級，先行詞是物，只能用thanwhich(指人用thanwhom),than之后不用that。Hereisourschool,thanwhichthereisnothingbetterinourcounty.這是我校，在我縣再也沒有比這更好的學校了。=4\*GB3④先行詞是that，指物，后面不能再用that，而要用which。（避免重復）What’sthatwhichismovingonthetable?在桌子上移動的東西是什么？三、whose的用法。1．既可修飾人，又可修飾物，既可引導限制性定語從句，又可修飾非限制性定語從句。2.“whose+名詞”，有時可用“the+n.+of+which/whom”或“of+which/whom+the+n.”替換。Thehousewhosewindowsarepaintedgreenbelongstome.=Thehouse,thewindowsofwhicharepaintedgreen,belongstome.=Thehouse,ofwhichthewindowsarepaintedgreen,belongstome.四、關系詞的省略（做賓語）1．關系代詞作及物動詞的賓語時。That’sonething(that/which)Ihaven’tforgottentoday.Theboy(who/whom/that)wesawyesterdaywasJohn’sbrother.2．關系代詞作介詞短語的賓語，且介詞放在句末時。Isthisyourcomputerroom(that/which)youworkin?Thestranger(who/whom/that)thevillagespaidavisitcamefromFrance.注：若介詞提前，關系代詞必須用which代表事物，用that代表人，而且不可省略。Isthisyourcomputerroominwhichyouwork?ThestrangertowhomthevillagespaidavisitcamefromFrance.五、which和as引導非限制性定語從句時的區(qū)別1.都可代表整個主句的意思，都可在從句中作主語或賓語。Shewasabsent,which/asisoftenthecase.Heislying,which/asanybodycansee.2．如果從句的謂語動詞是系動詞，從句的主語可用as，也可用which；如果從句的謂語動詞是行為動詞，就只能用which。Hesaidheknewnothingabouttheaccident,as/whichwasalie.Ourteamwon,whichmadeusveryhappy.3．a(chǎn)s引導的從句可放在主句的前邊或后邊，意為“正如”；which引導的從句只能放在主句的后邊，意為“這一點”。Asisknowntoall,TaiwanhasalwaysbeenapartofChina.Herspeechwaswonderful,aswehadexpected.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,whichwasmorethanwecouldexpect.4.用在such…as,和thesame…as引導的定語從句中。Theword“write”hasthesamepronunciationastheword“right”.Heisn’tsuchamanaswouldbowbeforedifficulties.六、介詞提前1．介詞提前包括以下幾種情況=1\*GB3①介詞（包括復雜介詞）+which/whom=2\*GB3②介詞+which/whose+n.(此時，which和whose都作定語)=3\*GB3③限定詞（some,none,all,both,several,either,many等）+ofwhich/whom=4\*GB3④數(shù)詞或最高級+ofwhich/whom2.判斷介詞一要看句意，二要看搭配關系，即看后邊的位于動詞和前邊被定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞之間應搭配什么介詞。（練習轉(zhuǎn)換從句）=1\*GB3①Thereisagreatdealofoxygenaroundus,withoutwhichwecouldnotlive.(wecouldnotlivewithoutoxygen)=2\*GB3②Shemetmyfather,fromwhomshegotthenewsofmysister’smarriage.(shegotthenewsfrommyfather)=3\*GB3③Inthelonelycountryroad,hesawnobodyaround,towhomhecouldturnforhelp.(hecouldturntonobodyforhelp)定語從句專項練習=1\*ROMANI.在句子的橫線上填上適當?shù)囊龑г~，必要時加適當?shù)慕樵~。1．Sheheardaterriblenoise,______broughtherheartintomouth.2.Wealllikeourmathsteacher,_____hasaspecialwayofmakinghisclasseslivelyandinteresting.3.Thetallmaninaraincoat,_____nobodyrecognized,turnedouttobeMary’sfather.4.TheboyyoumetjustnowisTom,_____compositionwonthefirstprizeinthecompetition.5.TheprofessorissupposedtocomeonMonday,______he’llgiveusalectureonhowtolearnEnglish.6.Wecametoasmallvillage,_____wereceivedawarmwelcome.7.HehastoworkonSunday,______hedoesn’tlike.8.WewillputoffthepicnicuntilnextSunday,_____theweathermaybebetter.9.MrSmith,_______lifewashardthen,workedveryhardtosupporthisfamily.10.Thefactoryhas1,000workers,___300arewomen.11.Igavehimawarming,_____heturnedadeafear.12.Thatoldmanhastwosons,both_______aresoldiers.13.Thisdictionary,afewpages____aremissing,isofnouse.14.Sixteenyearslater,hereturnedtohishometown,____hehadbeenbroughtupasanorphan.15.Tooursurprise,ayoungplayer,______wehadneverheardofbefore,wonthegoldmedal.16.HevisitedAmericaandCanada,______countrieshehadagoodtime.17.Chinahasmanyislands,thelargest______isTaiwan.18.Iverymuchrespectourmonitor,_______helpIhavemadegreatprogress.19.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,most_____hadn’tbeencleanedforatleastayear.20._______isknowntoall,Chinawillbeapowerfulcountryin20or30years.21.IntheofficeIneverseemtohavetimeonlyafter5:30pm,_____timemanypeoplehavegonehome.=2\*ROMANII.單項選擇1．TheywereforcedtoworkinAfrica_____neededskilledworkers.A.whereB./C.whichD.inwhich2.Thisistheplace_____myunclevisitedlastyear.A.inwhichB.thatC.whereD.inthat3.Theytalkedaboutthethingsandpersons____theyrememberedintheirschooldays.A.whichB.whoC.thatD.whom4.Thewoman___youmetinthelibraryjustnowisourEnglishteacher.A.herB.whichC.whoD.whose5.Thisisthebuilding____wasbuiltlastyear.A./B.whoC.whichD.it6.Thebaby____isnothers.A.ofthatsheistakinggoodcareB.whosheistakinggoodcareC.ofwhomsheistakinggoodcareD.whosesheistakinggoodcare7.Thehouse____wasblownoffhasbeenrepaired.A.whoseroofB.theroofofthatC.ofwhichroofD.roofofwhich8.Theman,____daughterIworked,wasverykindtous.A.withwhoseB.withwhomC.whoseD.ofwhose9.Iknowaboy,_____isaprofessor.A.ofwhoseB.fatherofwhomC.ofhisfatherD.whosefather10.Thewoman,____,isafamousscientist.A.whosesonIamlookingafterB.afterwhosesonIamlookingC.hersonIamlookingafterD.Iamlookingafterherson11.a.Isthismuseum_____someGermanfriendsvisitedlastweek?b.Isthisthemuseum_____someGermanfriendsvisitedlastweek?A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone12.a.Thisbook_____shespenttwoyearssoldwell.b.Thisbook_____costhertwoyearssoldwell.A.whichB.inwhichC.onwhichD.where13.a.John,_____carIwenttotown,isanexpertonmedicine.b.John,_____Iwenttotown,isanexpertonmedicine.A.whoseB.inwhoseC.withwhomD.who14.a.Thewoman_____hewasmarriedwasadoctor.b.Thewoman_____hemarriedwasadoctor.A.whomB.withwhomC.whoseD.towhom15.a.Doyoustillrememberthedays______weworkedonthefarm?b.Doyoustillrememberthedays______wespenttogether?A.which