專業(yè)學位碩士研究生英語教程詞匯及課后答案

Unit10 GlobalizationWordBankalienation:aturningaway;estrangement疏遠,疏離altitude:theheightofathingaboveareferencelevel高度,海拔assemble:tobringorcalltogetherintoagrouporwhole召集bureaucrat:anofficialofabureaucracy官僚collaboration:theactofworkingwithanotherorothersonajointproject協(xié)作commission:agroupofpeopleofficiallyauthorizedtoperformcertaindutiesorfunctions調(diào)查團commoditize:tomakesth.bearthefeatureofbeingacommodity商品化commodity:somethingusefulthatcanbeturnedtocommercialorotheradvantage日用具,商品concrete:oforrelatingtoanactual,specificthingorinstance具體,實際converge:totendtowardorapproachanintersectingpoint匯聚destructive:causingorwreakingdestruction;ruinous破壞,破壞性dismantling:theactoftakingapartortearingdown拆開,分解embassy:abuildingcontainingtheofficesofanambassadorandstaff大使館embolden:tofosterboldnessorcouragein使大膽,使有膽量exclusion:theactorpracticeofexcluding排除flattening:beingflat扁平gang:agroupofcriminalsorhoodlums幫派grievance:afeelingofresentmentorinjusticeathavingbeenunfairlytreated埋怨;委屈hateful:feelingorshowinghatred憎恨instrument:ameansbywhichsomethingisdone;animplement手段;工具invisible:impossibletosee;notvisible看不見minimize:toreducetothesmallestpossibleamount,extent,size,ordegree最小化outsource:tobuyin(componentsforaproduct)ratherthanmanufacturethem外界供給oyster:anyofseveralediblebivalvemollusks牡蠣potential:capableofbeingbutnotyetinexistence潛在,可能refuge:aplaceprovidingprotectionorshelter呵護所reservation:theactofreserving保留restriction:theactofrestricting限帶,限定retiree:onewhohasretiredfromactiveworkinglife退休者spot:aplaceofrelativelysmallanddefinitelimits場所;地點stimulate:toexcite(anerve,organ,etc.)withastimulus刺激;激發(fā)summon:tocalltogether召集;召喚swarm:tomoveinorformalargenumber成群移動或出現(xiàn)unlock:toundoorsetfree打開;釋放utmost:ofthehighestorgreatestdegree,amount,orintensity;mostextreme極度,最大versus:against與……相對warp:toturnortwist(wood,forexample)outofshape扭曲PhrasesandExpressionsbringabout:tocausetohappen造成bringdown:tocausetofall打倒,擊落drawup:toprepareadraftof(alegaldocument)草擬lookthrough:toexamine查閱;審校reflecton:tothinkover思索;反省ReadingComprehensionChoosethebestforeachofthefollowing.1.Itisconcludedinthearticlethat11/9and9/11aredifferentinthat__C___.A.11/9broughtdownawalland9/11openedthewindowsoftheworldB.11/9broughtdowntheWorldC.11/9representedthecreativeimaginationand9/11representedthedestructiveimaginationD.11/9unlockedhalftheplanetand9/11madethecitizenspotentialpartnersandcompetitors2.Accordingtothearticle,whatmightbethecause(s)of11/9?(D)A.HundredsofEastGermanssoughtrefugeattheWestGermanembassyinHungary.B.TheEastGermangovernmentgaveintothepressurebuiltupbytheescapeofmorethanthirteenthousandEastGermans.C.EasternEuropeanslookedforwardtowalkingoutfrombehindtheIronCurtainandengagewithaflatteningworld.D.Alloftheabove.3."Weweretheonlysuperpower,andtheworldwasouroyster"(Para.4)Here"oyster"infersthat__B__.A.theworlditselfprovidesashelterforAmericansB.peopleinAmericacouldenjoysupremefreedomsoastogeteverythingtheywantfromlifeC.AmericansfeeltobeplayingasignificantroleinthewholeworldD.Americaisaparadiseoflibertyandfreedom4.Whycouldimaginationneverbecommoditizedaccordingtothearticle?(B)A.Becauseimaginationistooimportanttobecommoditized.B.Becauseimaginationistooindividualizedtobecommoditized.C.Becauseitisextremelytoughforimaginationtobecommoditizedunderaneartotalmonopolyofpower.D.Becauseitisofnovalueatalltocommoditizeimagination.5.ItcanbeinferredfromwhatIrvingWladawskyBergersaysthat___A__.A.positiveimaginationcouldpossiblyeasethedangerfromindividualsevenwithouttheinstrumentsofastateB.focusonproductiveoutcomescouldadvanceandunitecivilizationC.peacefulimaginationcouldminimizealienationandcelebrateinterdependenceD.stimulatingpositiveimaginationisoftheutmostimportanceII.Completethefollowingsummaryofthetextbyfillingintheblankswithwords.Theinitialletterofeachwordhasbeengiventoyou.Thepastdecadeandahalfwitnessedhowtheworldwent(1)flat,whichischaracterizedbytwodates:11/9and9/11.Thecreative(2)imaginationof11/9ledtothecollapseoftheBerlinWallandhelpedcitizensaroundtheglobetojointogetherinbusinessandtrade.Inthemeantime,the(3)destructiveimaginationof9/11broughtdowntheWorldEleven-ninearosefromasimpleeventinwhichhundredsofEastGermanssought(4)refugeattheWestGerman(5)embassyinHungaryinJuly1989.Asaresult,Hungarydecidedtoliftthe(6)restrictionsonthepassagetoAustria,whichmadeitpossibleforthousandsofEastGermansto(7)escapetoAustriaandthustoWestGermany.Theimpending(8)pressuredrovetheEastGermangovernmentto(9)removetravelban.Thuson11/9/89,EastGermansgatheredtobreakdowntheBerlinWall.However,9/11changedthewayinwhichtheworldgotflattenedpeacefullyandpositively.BinLadenandhisgangmighthaveplottedtohitbothtowersoftheWorldTradeVocabularyI.Choosetheanswerthatbestcompleteseachsentence.1.Someanimalsgetconfusedwhenseeingtheir__B___amirror.A.inflection B.reflection C.conviction D.nutrition2.Memorycanbeprofoundly___A__bysubsequentexperience.A.shaped B.shipped C.shifted D.sharpened3.Wereceivedmanycleverand___C__entriesinourchildren'spaintingcontest.A.initiative B.inductive C.imaginative D.informative4.Thisdresswassewnbymymothercarefullyandthestitchesarealmost___D__.A.incredible B.impossible C.insatiable D.invisible5.Manybusinesseswithgrowth__B___failtoraiseenoughfundsbecausetheylackinvestmentreadiness.A.essential B.potential C.utensil D.spatial6.Countlesssmallstreams___A__toformalargeriver.A.converge B.diverge C.submerge D.infringe7.Thesepillsshouldhelpto___C__thepain.A.increase B.lease C.ease D.abuse8.Abig___B__ofbeesstartedfollowingClairewhoranawayterrified.A.swim B.swarmC.warm D.swam9.Duringthepregnancy,it'snormaltogainweight,butI__B___balloonedup.A.initiatively B.literally C.laterally D.lastly10.His__C___istodedicatehimselftotheserviceofhiscountry.A.hatred B.education C.motto D.religionII.Fillintheblankswiththewordsorphrasesgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.representrealizeinnocentcommodityavailablethreatenstimulateminimalsuspectreserverestrictcenteraliengrievelock 1.Publichealthofficialsnowsaythediseaseisundercontrolandis,notapublichealththreat. 2.Don'tworry.Yourloyaltyisaboveanysuspicion. 3.Forthepast10years,manytechnologiesthatwehavebeenusingreachedwidescaleadoptionandthusessentiallyhavebecomecommoditized. 4.Lifesavingcareusedtobeunavailabletowomengivingbirth,particularlyinruralareas. 5.Ifyouproveyourinnocenceyoucanbefree. 6.Ithinkwecanminimizetheproblem,soitisn'tworthfussingabout. 7.TheseinscriptionsarekeyswithwhichweunlockthesecretsofancientEgypt. 8.I'dliketochangemyreservationinyourhotel. 9.Powerwithoutrestrictionisvulnerabletocorruption.10.Yourkindnesswasaconsolationtomeinmygrief.TranslationPutthefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.9/11造成污染讓約40萬人健康受到嚴重傷害。據(jù)市衛(wèi)生署相關(guān)官員介紹,統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)顯示,有3．5萬至7萬人患上了PTSD心理后遺癥,另有0．38萬到l．26萬人可能得了哮喘。這其中包含參與事后救援和重建人員、曼哈頓下城區(qū)居民、區(qū)域工人、上班族和過路人?？傮w來看,有二分之一受訪者稱當初她們被籠罩在大樓坍毀產(chǎn)生巨大煙塵中,70％人親眼目睹了飛機撞上大廈和尸體橫飛恐怖場景;還有13％人受了傷。參考譯文Oftheestimated400,000peoplebelievedtohavebeenheavilyexposedtopollutionfrom9/11disaster,datasuggeststhat35,000to70,000peopledevelopedPTSDand3,800to12,600mayhavedevelopedasthma,cityhealthofficialssaid.Theyincluderescueandrecoveryworkers,lowerManhattanresidents,areaworkers,commutersandpassers-by.Overall,halfoftherespondentssaidtheyhadbeeninthedustcloudfromthecollapsingtowers;70percentwitnessedatraumaticsight,suchasaplanehittingthetowerorfallingbodies;and13percentsustainedaninjurythatday.ExerciseTranslatethefollowingsentencesbyusingnon-restrictiveattributiveclause．1．去年1月份,北京將小排量汽車購置稅減半,這也是政府新政策。(halvethepurchasetax)2．正如所預(yù)料,今年中國連續(xù)高漲鋼鐵需求影響了鋼鐵行業(yè)格局。(dominatethelandscape)3．溫室氣體排放量占全球排放總量約40％中美兩國是氣候峰會上兩股最關(guān)鍵力量。(accountfor)4．谷歌事件給部分對中國政治體制心存偏見西方人一個指責中國政府機會。(bebiasedagainst)5．假如她僅做買賣而對市場潛力不做調(diào)查,她就是一個不善經(jīng)營商人。(marketpotentiality)6．攝取均衡營養(yǎng)最好路徑是均衡飲食,其中包含大量新鮮水果、蔬菜和膳食纖維。(gettherightbalanceof)7．收入低于最低工資標準執(zhí)法官員們有時候多個月都拿不到薪水。(onend)8．火箭在太空中運行最好,因為在那兒不存在阻礙她們運動大氣。(performbest)9．約有50％至80％食物傳輸疾病都發(fā)生在廚房,細菌從生肉和蔬菜傳輸?shù)绞稚稀?food·borneillnesses)10．十年前中國電影在各大國際電影節(jié)大放異彩時中國電影產(chǎn)業(yè)卻是混沌一片。(indisarray)參考譯文:1.BeijinglastJanuaryhalvedthepurchasetaxonvehicleswithsmallerengines,whichwasalsoanewpolicycarriedoutbygovernment.2.Asisexpected,China’ssurgingdemandforsteelthisyearhasdominatedthelandscapeofthesteelindustry.3.TheUSandChina,whichtogetheraccountforsome40%ofglobalgreenhousegasemissions,arethenationsthatmattermostintheclimatedebate.4.The谷歌caseprovidessomewesterners,whoarebiasedagainstChina’spoliticalsystem,withanopportunitytopointtheirfingersattheChinesegovernment.5.Hewouldbeabadbusinessman,whomerelydidbuyingandsellingwithoutinvestigatingmarketpotentiality.6.Thebestwaytogettherightbalanceofnutrientsisabalanceddiet,whichincludesplentyoffreshfruits,vegetablesanddietaryfiber.7.Lawenforcementofficials,whosesalarieswerefarbelowalivingwage,sometimesreceivednopaymonthsonend.8.Rocketsperformbestinspace,wherethereisnoatmosphe