2024-2025學年新教材高中英語Unit6EarthfirstSectionⅢGrammar-現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作補足語學案外研版必修第二冊

PAGEUnit6EarthfirstSectionⅢGrammar——現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作補足語新知導引用括號內(nèi)詞的適當形式完成下列教材中的句子并體會它們的語法特征1．Weseeawoman________(swim)atnightinadarksea.2．Peoplejustwantthem________(kill)．3．Benchleysawsharks________(kill)andthiscausedadeepchangeinhim.語法精講一、賓語補足語某些及物動詞不僅須要賓語，而且還要求某個詞或詞組來補充說明賓語，即表示賓語代表的人或物所發(fā)出的動作或所處的狀態(tài)，這個詞或短語稱為賓語補足語。1．過去分詞作賓語補足語(1)及物動詞(短語)的過去分詞用作賓語補足語時，賓語是過去分詞的邏輯主語，賓語和過去分詞之間存在邏輯上的被動關系。*Whenwearrivedattheschool,wesawthedoorlocked.我們到學校時發(fā)覺門被鎖了。*Wesawanoldmanknockeddownbyapassingcar.我們望見一位老人被疾馳而過的車撞倒了。(2)少數(shù)不及物動詞(go,change,fall等)的過去分詞作賓語補足語時，僅表示動作完成。因此，賓語與過去分詞之間不存在邏輯上的被動關系。*Ifoundtheleavesfallentwodaysago.兩天前我發(fā)覺這些樹葉落下來了。*Wefoundourcountrychangedalotwiththereformandopenpolicy.我們發(fā)覺，改革開放以來，我們的國家改變很大。2．現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞用作賓語補足語時，賓語是現(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語，賓語和現(xiàn)在分詞之間存在邏輯上的主動關系。*Thewomanfoundabeggarlyingonthebench.這位女士發(fā)覺一個乞丐正躺在長凳上。*WhenIenteredtheroom,Isawhimsleepinginbed.當我進入房間時，我望見他正在床上睡覺。常用賓語補足語的動詞如下：(1)感官動詞(表示所到、看到、嗅到、摸到等感官動作的動詞)，常見的有：see,watch,lookat;hear,listento;feel,notice,observe,find;smell...等，后跟現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補，表示“感受到某人/物正在做某事”；后跟過去分詞作賓補表示“感受到某人/物被……”，留意此時與現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補的比較。*Hedidn'tnoticethethiefstealinghiswallet.他沒有留意到小偷在偷他的錢包。*Whenhearrived,hefoundalltheworkfinished.當他到達時，他發(fā)覺全部的工作都被做完了。(2)表示“意愿，吩咐”的動詞，如like,want,wish,order,expect...等，可用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補，表示“希望、要求某人/物做……”；也可用過去分詞作賓語補足語，相當于過去分詞前省略了tobe，表示“希望/要求某人或某事被……”。留意與現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補的比較。*Hedidn'twantsuchquestionsdiscussedatthemeeting.他不想在會上探討這種問題。*Iwouldlikethismattersettledatonce.我想立即解決這個問題。*Idon'tlikeamanstandingtherelikeapole.我不喜愛一個男士像柱子似地站立在那兒。(3)使役動詞(表示指使意義的動詞)，常見的有：have,get,make,leave,keep...等，后可用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補，表示“使某人做某物”，也可跟過去分詞作賓補表示“致使某人/某事被……”；留意與現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補的比較。*Theteacherwentoutoftheclassroomleavingthestudentsstandingontheteachingstage.老師走出了老師，丟下那些學生在講堂上站立著(而不管了)。*Haveyouhadyourhaircut?你剪頭發(fā)了嗎？*Ihavetogetmybikerepaired.我不得不去修我的自行車。*Iwon'thavethechildrunningaboutonthestreet.It'sdangerous!我不會放任孩子在街上亂跑的。太危急了！[即學即練]單句語法填空(1)IamafraidthatIcan'tmakemyself________(understand)duetomypoorEnglish.(2)Youwillseethisproduct________(advertise)eveywhere.(3)Icouldfeelthewind________(blow)onmyface.(4)Thecarwasfound________(trap)inapoolbythesideoftheroad.二、主語補足語主語補足語，是對句子主語的補充，使得句子更加完整。假如原來含有賓語補足語的句子結(jié)構變成被動語態(tài)，原賓語成為主語，那么原賓語補足語相應地成為主語補足語。*Wesawherenteringtheroom.(賓語補足語)*Shewasseenenteringtheroom.(主語補足語)1．過去分詞作主語補足語過去分詞作主語補足語時，主語和過去分詞之間存在邏輯上的被動關系。*Hernewbikewasfoundstolenbyastranger.她的新自行車被一個生疏人偷走了。*Thelittleboywasseenbittenbyadog.有人望見這個小男孩被狗咬了。2．現(xiàn)在分詞作主語補足語現(xiàn)在分詞作主語補足語時，主語和現(xiàn)在分詞之間為邏輯上的主動關系。*Tonywasseenplayingcomputergamesinhisbedroom.有人望見托尼在他的臥房里玩電腦嬉戲。*Thegirlswerefoundsingingloudlyintheirclassroom.他們發(fā)覺女孩們正在教室里大聲唱歌。[即學即練]單句語法填空(1)Thebabywasfound________(take)goodcareofbythebabysitter.(2)Freddieandhisfriendswereseen________(play)basketballintheplayground.(3)Thestreetwasfound________(flood)afterthestorm.(4)Thecutedogwasseen________(sleep)soundonthenoisystreet.Ⅰ.選詞填空1．I'dliketoseetheplan________(carrying,carried)out.2．WeshouldfindopportunitiestohearEnglish________(speaking,spoken)asmuchaspossible.3．Heraisedhisvoicetomakehimself________(hearing,heard)byallthestudentsintheclassroom.4．Shefoundhernecklace________(gone,going)onherwayhome.5．Thewomanfoundayoungman________(stealing,stole)herwallet.6．Wecanhearthewindows________(beat,beaten)bytheheavyraindrops.7．Theteachernoticedthestudents________(discussing,discuss)questionsingroups.8．Thethiefwasbroughtinwithhishands________(tie,tied)behind.9．Youmustgetthework________(done,doing)beforeFriday.10．Theboywasseen________(crying,cries)insorrowbecauseofhisgrandma'sdeath.Ⅱ.用所給詞的適當形式填空1．Igotthestory________(write)inEnglish.2．Ourmanagerlefttheproblem________(unsettle)．3．Iheardsomeone________(call)mynamewhenwalkingalongthestreet.4．Witheverythingwell________(arrange),helefttheoffice.5．Atthatmoment,Isawhim________(cross)thestreet.6．Pleasekeepus________(inform)ofthelatestnews.7．Shewantsherpaintings________(display)inthegallery,butwedon'tthinktheywouldbeverypopular.8．Hegothistooth________(pull)outlastSunday.9．Ihearher________(practice)oralEnglisheverymorning.10．Johnhadanaccidentandfoundthecar________(break)．Ⅲ.用“hear/notice/see/feel/listento＋賓語＋賓補”結(jié)構填空1．我抬頭一看，留意到一只鳥正在樹上捕獲它的早餐。Ilookedupand________________________________itsbreakfastinthetree.2．為了學好英語，我們應當找機會盡可能多地聽別人說英語。TolearnEnglishwell,weshouldfindopportunitiesto________________________________asmuchaswecan.3．聽！你聽到有人在呼救嗎？Listen!Doyou________________________________？4．度假回來后，White一家很興奮望見他們的花園被志愿者照看得很好。Backfromthevacation,theWhitewasveryhappyto________________________________byvolunteers.5．我們感到車子行駛得很快。We________________________________.eq\x(溫馨提示：請完成課時作業(yè)十七)SectionⅢGrammar—現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作補足語新知導引1．swimming2.killed3.beingkilled語法精講一、[即學即練](1)understood(2)advertised(3)blowing(4)trapped二、[即學即練](1)taken(2)playing(3)flooded(4)sleeping夯實基礎·一遍落實Ⅰ.選詞填空1．carried2.spoken3.heard4.gone5．stealing6.beaten7.discussing8.tied9．done10.cryingⅡ.用所給詞的適當形式填