高三英語語法專題復(fù)習(xí)講義

2012屆高三英語語法專題復(fù)習(xí)講義-名詞性從句和定語從句【考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥】

名詞性從句可分為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。

近幾年高考對(duì)名詞性從句的考查重點(diǎn)如下：

【考點(diǎn)1】名詞性從句中引導(dǎo)詞that與what的使用場(chǎng)合。

1．that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，不在從句中充當(dāng)任何成分，只起連接作用；而what是連接代詞，在從句中充當(dāng)成分。

①______madetheschoolproudwas_______morethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.

(2003上海春季)A.What/because

B.What/that

C.That/what

D.That/because

2．that在主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句中不可省略,但當(dāng)有兩個(gè)和兩個(gè)以上的賓語從句并列時(shí)，第二個(gè)從句以下的that不可省略。

如：Shesaid(that)shehadleftschoolandthatherparentswouldfindherajob.

②Wordcomes________agroupofAustralianguestswillcometovisitourschoolnextweek.

A.that

B.which

C.不填

D.aboutwhich

(2005天津?2月)

3．介詞后的賓語從句常用what，whether引導(dǎo)，不用that，which引導(dǎo)。但在介詞besides，except，in后可用that引導(dǎo)賓語從句。在有it作先行詞時(shí)，that可用來引導(dǎo)介詞后的賓語從句。

③Theotherday,mybrotherdrovehiscardownthestreetat____Ithoughtwasadangerousspeed.

A.as

B.which

C.what

D.that

(2004上海春季)

【考點(diǎn)2】名詞性從句中引導(dǎo)詞whether與if的用法區(qū)別。

可以互換的場(chǎng)合：

引導(dǎo)及物動(dòng)詞或形容詞后的賓語從句；

Heisnotsureif/whetherhecanmanagetodoit.只能用whether不能用if的場(chǎng)合：

引導(dǎo)表語從句、同位語從句及位于句首的主語從句；

引導(dǎo)介詞后的賓語從句（有時(shí)可省略）；

后面緊跟ornot時(shí)；

后面直接跟動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)

④_____theflighttoNewYorkwillbedelayedis____I’mespeciallyworriedabout.(2003南京)

A.If;what

B.Whether;that

C.When;that

D.Whether;what

【考點(diǎn)3】在動(dòng)詞：一堅(jiān)持（insist）、二命令（order，command）、三建議（suggest，advise，propose）、四要求（demand，require，request，ask）后的賓語從句和這些動(dòng)詞的過去分詞后的主語從句，以及這些動(dòng)詞的名詞引出的表語從句和同位語從句中，謂語部分常用（should）do形式。

⑤Iadvisedthathe_____tothehospitalatonce,butheinsistedthathe_____quitewellthen.

A.besent;wasfeeling

B.wassent;sent

C.besent;feel

D.shouldbesent;shouldfeel

(2005年山東?2月)

【考點(diǎn)4】名詞性從句的語序只能是陳述句語序，賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)該與主句的謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)保持一致。

⑥Theyareteachersanddon’trealize______tostartandrunacompany.

(2004黃岡)

A.whattakesit

B.whattheytake

C.whattakesthem

D.whatittakes

【考點(diǎn)5】whoever，whichever，whatever，whenever，wherever和however在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)不可與nomatterwho/which/what/when/where/how替換，因?yàn)楹笳咧荒芤龑?dǎo)讓步主語從句。

⑦——Haveanicetrip!

——Thanks.I’lltelephoneyoufrom_____Igettobytomorrowevening.

(2004廣州)

A.wherever

B.everyplace

C.whenever

D.nomatterwhere

定語從句可分為限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句。

高考對(duì)定語從句的考查常涉及以下幾個(gè)方面：

【考點(diǎn)6】正確區(qū)別限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)；理解關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中的作用；特別注意指代整個(gè)主句內(nèi)容的關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句。

⑧Ishallneverforgettheday_____ShenzhouVwaslaunched,_____hasagreateffectonmylife.

A.when;which

B.that;which

C.which;that

D.when;that(2004北京東城)

【考點(diǎn)7】關(guān)系代詞that，who，which以及as的用法區(qū)別。

指人時(shí)常只用who不用that的情況；

指物時(shí)只用which不用that的情況；

只用that不用which的情況；

關(guān)系代詞as與which的用法區(qū)別；

thesame…that…與thesame…as…的區(qū)別

⑨Thereisnosuchplace______youdreamofinallthisworld.

(2004北京西城?5月)

A.that

B.what

C.which

D.as

【考點(diǎn)8】區(qū)別that引導(dǎo)的定語從句與that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句。that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí)，that是純連詞，在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分；that引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，that是關(guān)系代詞，在從句中充當(dāng)主語或賓語等。

比較：

Thenewsthattheyhadwonthegamearrivedsoon.

Thenewsthatyoutoldmeyesterdayistrue.

⑩Isthisthereasonatthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?

(2002上海春季)

A.heexplained

B.whatheexplained

C.howheexplained

D.whyheexplained

【考點(diǎn)9】定語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞須與先行詞在人稱與數(shù)上保持一致。

⑾Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho_______awinnerofscholarshipinthreeyears.

A.is

B.are

C.havebeen

D.hasbeen

(2002上海春季)

【考點(diǎn)10】在先行詞為time，place，reason時(shí)，?？捎胻hat代替when，where，why，并常常省去。

如：Thatwasthereason(that)/why/forwhichhelefthome.

⑿Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut____hesaidit.

(2004湖北)

A.theway

B.inthewaythat

C.intheway

D.thewaywhich

【趨勢(shì)】近幾年高考對(duì)名詞性從句的考查日趨靈活，多以考查名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞為主，并且常與定語從句和狀語從句等相關(guān)知識(shí)結(jié)合起來考查?！靖鱾€(gè)擊破】

1．Theboydivedintothewaterandafter_____seemedtobealongtime,hecameupagain.

A.what

B.that

C.it

D.which

2．Thesetwoareasaresimilar____theybothhaveahighrainfallduringthisseason.

A.exceptthat

B.inwhich

C.inthat

D.sothat

3．Youmaydependon_____thatallthegoodswillbeshippedabroadintime.

A.which

B.it

C.whom

D.these

4．ScientistsbelievenativeAmericansarrivedbycrossingthelandbridgethatconnectedSiberiaand________morethan10,000yearsago.

A.thisisAlaska

B.Alaskaisnow

C.isnowAlaska

D.whatisnowAlaska

5．Lookatthewatch.Don’tyouseeitis______watch_______Helenlosttheotherday?

A.asthesame;as

B.thesame;as

C.thesame;which

D.asthesame;that

6．TheBritisharenotsofamiliarwithdifferentculturesandotherwaysofdoingthings,______isoftenthecaseinothercountries.

A.as

B.that

C.so

D.it

7．_____wasknowntothemallthatBobhadbrokenhispromise_____hewouldgivethemarise.

A.As;which

B.What;that

C.It;that

D.It;which

8．Thatisthereason______hegaveusforcarryingouttheplan.

A.because

B.why

C.how

D.that

9．Wasitinthevillage______weusedtolivein______theaccidenthappened?

A.where;that

B.which;that

C.that;where

D.where;which

10．Thehours_______thechildrenspendintheirone-wayrelationshipwithtelevisionpeopleundoubtedlyaffectedtheirrelationshipwithreal-lifepeople.

A.that

B.when

C.inwhich

D.onwhich

11．Mr.SmithwillmoveintohisnewhousenextSunday,____itwillbecompletelyfinished.

A.onthattime

B.bywhichti