安徽省江南十校2023-2024學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期5月階段聯(lián)考英語試題

2024年“江南十?！备叨昙?jí)聯(lián)考英語注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)框涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)框?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將答題卡交回。第一部分：聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Whydoesthewomanneedhelp?A.Shefindsthedirectionsdifficult.B.Shehasneverbakedbefore.C.Shedoesn’thavearecipe.2.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Inalibrary.B.Inabookstore.C.Inaclassroom.3.Whatdoesthemanwanttodo?A.Admirethescenery.B.Continuewalking.C.Havearest.4.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Thewoman’sindecisionaboutgoingabroad.B.Theadvantageofhomestayacmodation.C.Thewoman’sfearoftraveling.5.Whatdoweknowaboutthewoman?A.Sheismoresensitivetohotweatherthantheman.B.Shewantstobuyanairconditioner.C.Shecooledherselfdownbyafan.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題6.Whatisthewomanplanningtodonextyear?A.Rowarace.B.peteinamarathon.C.Improveherhealth.7.Whatfooddoesthewomanvaluemostatpresent?A.Meat.B.Rice.C.Vegetables.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Whatarethespeakersorganizing?A.Acorporatedinner.B.Aweddingcelebration.C.Abirthdayparty.9.Whenwilltheeventtakeplace?A.OnJuly10th.B.OnAugust10th.C.OnSeptember10th.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Wheredidthewomanknowabouttheadvertisement?A.OntheInternet.B.Fromanewspaper.C.Fromherfriend.11.Whywillthemansellthediningtable?A.Hehasboughtasmallerone.B.Hedoesn’tlikeitanymore.C.Hewillmovehouse.12.Whatwillthewomanprobablydothisafternoon?A.Talkwithherfriend.B.Checkonthediningtable.C.Tidyupherroom.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.Whatisthemandoing?A.Paintingapicture.B.Admiringamasterpiece.C.Havinghismeal.14.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthefoodatthecanteen?A.Disappointing.B.Acceptable.C.Satisfactory.15.Whatdishesdoesthewomanlikebest?A.Hotdogsandgroundbeef.B.Riceandfish.C.Breadandfish.16.Whatdoesthewomansuggestdoingforthetalentshow?A.Singingasong.B.Bringingsomefood.C.Creatingabackdrop.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17Whatisthespeaker?A.Ateacher.B.Amanager.C.Afilmmaker.18.Howdidthespeakerfeelafterhisfirstproject?A.Joyful.B.Proud.C.Nervous.19.Whendothecoursesend?A.InJuly.B.InAugust.C.InSeptember.20.WhatdoesPowPicturesofferthroughouttheyear?A.Graphicdesigncourses.B.Languagelearningprograms.C.Jobopportunities.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AThere’snothingsoannoyingasabrokenbike.Ifthere’ssomethingwrongwithyourbicycle,stopusingitandhaveitcheckedandfixedbyMacBike’sexpertmechanics(機(jī)修工).FIXEDWITHINONEDAYMostofourrepairsaredonebyourbikemechanicswithinoneday,soifyoubringyourbikeinthemorningyoucanpickitupattheendoftheday.FREELOANBIKEIfrepairsare35Eurosormore,youwillfindfreereplacementtransportreadyandwaitingforyou.Thisloanbikewillhaveyoubackontheroadwithin10minutes!BOVAGCERTIFIEDWeareaBOVAGcertifiedbikerepairshop.Wefollowspecializedworkshopsannuallysowecandeliverhighqualityservicestoourcustomers.WehandleBOVAGguaranteeandBOVAGtermsofdelivery.WhereMacBikehasthreeshopsforbicyclesalesandrepairshopsinthecitycentreofAmsterdam:38thAvenue,30thAvenue,45thAvenue.BusinessHoursMondaySaturdayfrom09:0018:00Closedon25&26December.1January27AprilTelephoneNumber0031(0)204281440GettingThereBus9,14Subway51,53,541.HowlongwillittakeforaMacBike’sworkertofixabrokenbike?A.Aday. B.Aweek. C.Amorning. D.Anafternoon.2.WhatcanbeinferredaboutBOVAGfromthetext?A.ItislocatedinAmsterdam. B.Ithasthepublicrecognition.C.Itoffersprofessionalstotheshop. D.Ithasthreeshopsinthecitycenter.3.HowcouldavisitorpayavisittotheMacBike’srepairshop?A.BytakingBus53. B.BytakingSubway51.C.Byridingaloanbike. D.BygoingthereonChristmas.【答案】1.A2.B3.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，主要介紹的是自行車銷售和維修店MacBike的相關(guān)信息?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)FIXEDWITHINONEDAY部分的“Mostofourrepairsaredonebyourbikemechanicswithinoneday,soifyoubringyourbikeinthemorningyoucanpickitupattheendoftheday.(我們的大部分維修都是在一天內(nèi)由我們的自行車修理工完成的，所以如果你早上把你的自行車帶來，你可以在一天結(jié)束的時(shí)候來取。)”可知，MacBike的工人修理一輛壞了的自行車需要一天。故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)BOVAGCERTIFIED部分的“WeareaBOVAGcertifiedbikerepairshop.(我們是BOVAG認(rèn)證的自行車維修店。)”可知，BOVAG是公眾認(rèn)可的，故選B。【3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)GettingThere部分的“Subway51,53,54(地鐵51，53，54)”可知，游客可以乘51號(hào)地鐵去MacBike的維修店，故選B。BWhen12yearoldEricaFernandezvolunteeredtohelpcleanupthebeachinhernewhometown,Oxnard,California,shecouldbarelyspeakEnglish.Shewasjustakidhelping20adultstakecareofthebeach.SheandherfamilyhadrecentlyarrivedinCaliforniafromasmalltowninMexico.EricastartedgoingdoortodoorinhermainlySpanishspeakingfarmworkermunity.“Ialwayslovedtheocean,”shesays,“soitmademereallysadtoseethisbeautifulbeachfulloftrash.That’swhyIdecidedtohelp.”Ericacaredtoomuchtostaysilent.HavinggrownupinatinytownintheMexicanstateofMichoacán,shehadastrongmotivationtocarefornature.“Wegrewourownfoodandraisedourownanimals.Takingcareofnaturewaspartofsurvival.”ShewantedtobringthatsamespirittohernewlifeinCalifornia.AsherEnglishimproved,shetalkedtokidsinherhighschoolaboutwhatwasgoingon.“Ididn’tknowiftheywouldlistentome.MyEnglishwasn’tgoodandIwasonlysixteen,”shesays.Asshenervouslyapproachedthemicrophone,shewasinformedthattimewasrunningout.Oneminuteandthirtysecondswasallshehad.“Icouldn’tgivemypreparedspeech,soIjustspokefrommyheart.”Theresultwaselectrifying.WhenEricawasfinished,peoplestoodupandbrokeintoapplause.Oneoftheteacherssaid,“I’mverymovedbyyourwords,Erica.WhenIwasyourage,Iwasplayingvideogames.”O(jiān)nlythesecondpersoninherfamilytogotocollege,Ericawantstobeeanenvironmentallawyersoshecanfightfortheenvironmentandfortherightsofmunities.Shewantsotheryoungpeopletospeakoutwhentheyseesomethingwrong,eveniftheyfeelshyaboutitatfirst.“Wearethefuture.Thefutureisours.”4.WhydidtheauthormentionErica’swordsinParagraph2?A.Toshowgratitudetoheraction. B.Toadvocatelearningfromher.C.Toclarifythereasonforherhelp. D.Tothinkhighlyofherdevotion.5.Accordingtothepassage,whatcanwelearnaboutErica?A.Shewastheonlycollegestudentinherfamily.B.ShevolunteeredtocleanupthegarbageonSpanishbeaches.C.ShespentherchildhoodinasmalltowninMexico.D.Shecouldn’tspeakeitherEnglishorSpanishinCalifornia.6.WhatdoweknowaboutErica’sspeech?A.Thedevicedisturbedherperformance.B.Theaudiencewasgreatlyencouraged.C.Itaffectedpeople’sattitudetoplayinggames.D.Ericaexpressedherinnerthoughtsfluently.7.Fromwhichisthistextmostprobablytaken?A.Ageographytextbook. B.Ahealthreport.C.Ascientificwebsite. D.Anenvironmentalmagazine.【答案】4.C5.C6.B7.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述的是主人公EricaFernandez志愿清理海灘垃圾的故事?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中““Ialwayslovedtheocean,”shesays,“soitmademereallysadtoseethisbeautifulbeachfulloftrash.That’swhyIdecidedtohelp.”(“我一直很喜歡海洋，”她說，“所以看到這個(gè)美麗的海灘上到處都是垃圾，我真的很難過。這就是我決定幫忙的原因?！?”可知，Erica看到美麗的海灘到處都是垃圾，她感到很難過，所以決定幫忙清理海灘，由此可知，她的話告知了自己行為的原因。故選C項(xiàng)。【5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“HavinggrownupinatinytownintheMexicanstateofMichoacán,shehadastrongmotivationtocarefornature.(她在墨西哥Michoacán州的一個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)長大，有強(qiáng)烈的動(dòng)機(jī)去關(guān)心自然。)”可知，她在墨西哥的一個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)長大。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Theresultwaselectrifying.(結(jié)果令人振奮。)”以及“WhenEricawasfinished,peoplestoodupandbrokeintoapplause.(當(dāng)Erica講完時(shí)，人們站起來，爆發(fā)出熱烈的掌聲。)”可知，演講令人振奮，且演講結(jié)束后，人們站起來鼓掌，由此可知，此次演講很成功，人們受到鼓舞并起立鼓掌。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)首段中的“When12yearoldEricaFernandezvolunteeredtohelpcleanupthebeachinhernewhometown,Oxnard,California,shecouldbarelyspeakEnglish.(當(dāng)12歲的EricaFernandez在她的新家鄉(xiāng)加州奧克斯納德志愿幫助清理海灘時(shí)，她幾乎不會(huì)說英語。)”以及下文中的介紹的她為了清理海灘所作出的努力可知，本文主要講述的是主人公志愿清理海灘垃圾的故事，屬于環(huán)境保護(hù)類話題，由此可知推斷，本文有可能會(huì)出自環(huán)境雜志。故選D項(xiàng)。CSocialeventsareunderstandablytaxingonyourmindandbody.Butyou’veprobablyheardthatextrovertsgainvivacityfrombeingaroundotherpeople,whileintrovertsgettheirenergyfrombeingalone.Doesthismeanthatextrovertsdon’tgettiredofsocializing?Weallfallsomewhereonascalebetweenintroversionandextroversion—nobodyisonlyoneortheother.Theimpactofyourpersonalitypreferenceonyourinthemomentbehaviourvariesdependingonthesituation.Instudiesthathavetestedlevelsofextroversion,resultsindicatethatthere’saconnectionbetweenamoreintrovertedpersonalityandfatigue(疲勞).It’snotsimplythecasethatextrovertsnevertireofsocialinteraction,though.It’sjustthattheupperlimitwillvaryfrompersontoperson.Researchintothefatiguingeffectsofsocialinteractionshasidentifiedsomemonfactorsamongthoseconsideredmosttiring.Conversationsthatwerelong,difficultorintense,feltmoretiring.Ifapersonwastryinghardtomakeagoodimpressionormeetinglotsofnewpeople,theyweremorelikelytofeelexhaustedafterward.Conflictandplaintalsotookmoreenergy.Thismeansthatitmaybepossibletoreducethetiringeffectofsocializingbyactivelyseekingencountersthatmakeyoufeelatease,thatdon’tinvolvetoomanynewpeopleorthatallowforbreaksduringlongconversations.It’sthoughtthattheemotionsyouexperienceduringsocialeventscanalsohaveaneffectonyourfeelingsoffatigue.Ifyouhavetospendalongtimesuppressing(抑制)yourtruefeelings,orshowingacertainemotionthat’satoddswithwhatyoureallyfeel,youcouldbemoreproneto(傾向于)emotionalexhaustion.Forexample,“servicewithasmile”jobscouldmakeserversmoretired,andcareworkerswhoareunabletoshowtheirsadnessorfearfortheirpatientsmayfindthemselvesemotionallyexhaustedoutsideofwork.Togetridofthis,it’ssuggestedthatyoumaketimetoexpressyournegativefeelingsandacceptandacknowledgethatthey’rereasonable,reducingtheemotionaldisharmonywhereverpossible.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vivacity”meaninParagraph1?A.Harm. B.Energy. C.Humor D.Inspiration.9.WhatisthemainideaofParagraph4?A.Theconsequenceoftiredness.B.Thewayofgettingridoftiredness.C.Thereasonwhysocializingcausestiredness.D.Theimportanceofkeepingawayfromtiredness.10.Whatisaneffectivewaytoavoidfatiguewhensocializing?A.Sleepaftersocializing.B.Havearestaftertalkingmuch.C.Involveyourselfinanactivitywithmorepeople.D.Makingmorefriendsputsyouatease.11.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Itisbettertodevelopmoreoptimisticcharacter.B.Peopletakingajobthatrequiresasmilecanfeelhappier.C.Itisbettertoacceptandacknowledgevalidpositivefeelings.D.Careworkershadbettershownegativefeelingsfortheirwellbeing.【答案】8.B9.C10.B11.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要探討了外向型人和內(nèi)向型人在社交活動(dòng)中疲勞感的差異，并指出性格類型并非決定性因素，而是受具體情況和個(gè)人經(jīng)歷影響?！?題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞所在句“Butyou’veprobablyheardthatextrovertsgainvivacityfrombeingaroundotherpeople,whileintrovertsgettheirenergyfrombeingalone.(但你可能聽說過，外向的人從周圍的人那里獲得vivacity，而內(nèi)向的人從獨(dú)處中獲得能量)”中連詞while(而，然而)可知，句中將外向的人和內(nèi)向的人進(jìn)行對比，對比了他們獲得vivacity和energy的不同途徑，兩個(gè)詞語意一致，都是“活力”的意思。故選B項(xiàng)。9題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段“Researchintothefatiguingeffectsofsocialinteractionshasidentifiedsomemonfactorsamongthoseconsideredmosttiring.Conversationsthatwerelong,difficultorintense,feltmoretiring.Ifapersonwastryinghardtomakeagoodimpressionormeetinglotsofnewpeople,theyweremorelikelytofeelexhaustedafterward.Conflictandplaintalsotookmoreenergy.(對社交互動(dòng)的疲勞效應(yīng)的研究已經(jīng)確定了一些常見的因素，這些因素被認(rèn)為是最累的。長時(shí)間、困難或激烈的談話會(huì)讓人感覺更累。如果一個(gè)人努力想給人留下好印象，或者想見很多新朋友，那么之后他們更有可能感到筋疲力盡。沖突和抱怨也消耗了更多的精力)”可知，第四段主要介紹了社交導(dǎo)致疲勞的各種原因。故選C項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中“Thismeansthatitmaybepossibletoreducethetiringeffectofsocializingbyactivelyseekingencountersthatmakeyoufeelatease,thatdon’tinvolvetoomanynewpeopleorthatallowforbreaksduringlongconversations.(這意味著積極地尋找讓你感覺輕松的交往，不涉及太多的新朋友，或者在長時(shí)間的交談中允許休息，可能會(huì)減少社交的疲勞效應(yīng))”可知，在社交中，說了很多話后休息一下可以避免疲勞。故選B項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中““servicewithasmile”jobscouldmakeserversmoretired,andcareworkerswhoareunabletoshowtheirsadnessorfearfortheirpatientsmayfindthemselvesemotionallyexhaustedoutsideofwork.Togetridofthis,it’ssuggestedthatyoumaketimetoexpressyournegativefeelingsandacceptandacknowledgethatthey’rereasonable(“微笑服務(wù)”的工作可能會(huì)讓服務(wù)員更加疲憊，而那些無法向病人表達(dá)悲傷或恐懼的護(hù)理人員可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在工作之余情緒疲憊。為了擺脫這種情況，建議你花時(shí)間表達(dá)你的負(fù)面情緒，接受并承認(rèn)它們是合理的)”可知，作者認(rèn)為護(hù)理人員需要表現(xiàn)出負(fù)面情緒，這樣有利于他們的健康。故選D項(xiàng)。DPsychologistsEdwardDeciandRichardRyantriedtofindthecoreoflivingwell.Theirresearchinselfdeterminationtheoryconductedoverthecourseoffourdecadeswithanetworkof500participantsin39countries,hasfoundthattheexperienceofhappinessisaffectedbythesatisfactionofbasicpsychologicalneedstofeelpetent,selfdetermining,andpositivelyrelatedtootherpeopleintheactivitiesofone’slife.Theseareuniversalneeds,observedacrossallstagesoflifeandineverycultureinwhichstudieshavebeenconducted,andtheyhelpexplainthetruthintheancientidealofhappiness,orhumanflourishing(繁榮).Accordingtothisideal,livingwellinvolvesfulfillingone’shumanpotentialinwaysthatareadmirable,sustainable(可持續(xù)的),andpersonallysatisfying.RyanandDeciidentifiesthreebroadformsofpotential:social,intellectual,andproductive/creative.Inotherwords,theformsarepsychologicallylinkedtothesatisfactionofhumanbeings’universalbasicneedsforpositiverelatedness,selfdetermination,andpetence.Fulfillingallthreeformsofpotentialisthekeytohappiness,andshapingourlivesandinstitutionsaccordinglywouldbemuchmorematchedwithsustainabilitythanpursuingwealthwithoutlimit.Arelatedfinding,whichisveryimportantforthepursuitofsustainability,isthatescapefrompovertyisimportanttohappinessbutthepursuitofwealth,status(地位),andimageaslifegoalsislessbeneficialtohappinessthanthepursuitoflifegoalsthatdirectlyfulfillourbasicformsofpotentialandsatisfyourrelatedpsychologicalneeds.Societiesthathavepromotedtheaccumulationofwealthwithoutlimithavenotraisedtheirgenerallevelofhappinessbydoingso.ItshouldbeevidenttoanyobserveroflifeintheU.S.thataswealthandinequalityhavegrown,mostAmericanshavebeemorepainfullyfocusedonoccupationalinsecurityandonstatuspetitionthathassimplybeemoreexpensiveandlesssustainable.Asaconsequence,wecouldbehappierbothnowandinthefutureifwecouldoveretheblindfaithinwealthaccumulationthatshapedthesocially,politicallyandenvironmentallyunstableworldwithwhichwemustnowdeal.12.WhatdidDeciandRyanfindintheirresearch?A.Happinessisonlydeterminedbyoneself.B.500peoplefeelpetentintheirlives.C.Peopleshouldspend4decadestomeetthebasicneeds.D.Everyculturehasthesimilarunderstandingofhappiness.13.Howcanwelivewellaccordingtotheresearch?A.Byachievingourpotential. B.Byshapingourlivesandinstitutions.C.Bypursuingwealthwithoutanylimit. D.Byidentifyingthreeformsofpotential.14WhydidtheauthormentionAmericainthethirdparagraph?A.Toshowtheimportanceofwealth.B.Topresentthenecessityofescapefrompoverty.C.Tointroducethenewfindingofthepursuitoflifegoals.D.Toprovethewrongconceptbetweenmoneyandhappiness.15.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetotheworldnowadays?A.Confident. B.Supportive. C.Disappointed. D.Unconcerned.【答案】12.D13.A14.D15.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文，主要探討了自我決定理論對于幸福和可持續(xù)性的理解，并強(qiáng)調(diào)了追求基本心理需求的滿足和多種形式的潛力實(shí)現(xiàn)對于幸福的重要性。【12題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Theirresearchinselfdeterminationtheoryconductedoverthecourseoffourdecadeswithanetworkof500participantsin39countries,hasfoundthattheexperienceofhappinessisaffectedbythesatisfactionofbasicpsychologicalneedstofeelpetent,selfdetermining,andpositivelyrelatedtootherpeopleintheactivitiesofone’slife.Theseareuniversalneeds,observedacrossallstagesoflifeandineverycultureinwhichstudieshavebeenconducted,andtheyhelpexplainthetruthintheancientidealofhappiness,orhumanflourishing(繁榮).(他們對自我決定理論進(jìn)行了長達(dá)40年的研究，研究對象是來自39個(gè)國家的500名參與者。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，幸福的體驗(yàn)受到基本心理需求的滿足的影響，這些心理需求是指在生活活動(dòng)中感到自己有能力、自我決定，并與他人積極聯(lián)系。這些都是普遍的需求，在生命的各個(gè)階段和進(jìn)行研究的每種文化中都能觀察到，它們有助于解釋古代幸福或人類繁榮理想的真相。)”可知，Deci和Ryan在他們的研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)了每種文化對幸福都有相似的理解。故選D?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Accordingtothisideal,livingwellinvolvesfulfillingone’shumanpotentialinwaysthatareadmirable,sustainable(可持續(xù)的),andpersonallysatisfying.(根據(jù)這一理想，生活得好包括以令人欽佩的、可持續(xù)的和個(gè)人滿意的方式實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)人的潛能。)”可知，通過發(fā)揮我們的潛力我們才能生活得更好。故選A。【14題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Societiesthathavepromotedtheaccumulationofwealthwithoutlimithavenotraisedtheirgenerallevelofhappinessbydoingso.ItshouldbeevidenttoanyobserveroflifeintheU.S.thataswealthandinequalityhavegrown,mostAmericanshavebeemorepainfullyfocusedonoccupationalinsecurityandonstatuspetitionthathassimplybeemoreexpensiveandlesssustainable.(那些無限制地促進(jìn)財(cái)富積累的社會(huì)，并沒有因此提高他們的總體幸福水平。任何觀察美國生活的人都應(yīng)該很清楚，隨著財(cái)富和不平等的加劇，大多數(shù)美國人更加痛苦地關(guān)注職業(yè)不安全感和地位競爭，這種競爭變得更加昂貴，更不可持續(xù)。)”可知，作者在第三段提到了美國是為了證明金錢和幸福之間的錯(cuò)誤概念。故選D?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Asaconsequence,wecouldbehappierbothnowandinthefutureifwecouldoveretheblindfaithinwealthaccumulationthatshapedthesocially,politicallyandenvironmentallyunstableworldwithwhichwemustnowdeal.(因此，如果我們能夠克服對財(cái)富積累的盲目信仰，我們現(xiàn)在和將來都會(huì)更幸福。正是這種盲目信仰造就了我們現(xiàn)在必須面對的社會(huì)、政治和環(huán)境不穩(wěn)定的世界。)”可知，作者對當(dāng)今世界的態(tài)度是失望的。故選C。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，選項(xiàng)中有兩處為多余選項(xiàng)。Asglobalwarmingheatsup,humanswillsufferfromrisingtemperatures.____16____.Inrecentyears,scientistshavefoundlinksbetweenhumancausedclimatechangeandheatstress.Thiscanlowermilkproduction.Theresearchersstudied48Holsteincows.____17____Overthecourseoftwoweeks,halfofthecowswereexposedtoapproximately98degreeheat.Theotherhalfwerehousedinneutralconditions(中性條件).Allofthecowsweremilkedtwiceaday.Theresearcherstrackedeverythingfromtheirvitalsignstotheirweight,feedintakeandmilkyields.____18____TheresearchwaspublishedintheJournalofDairyScience.____19____Theheatstressedcowshadhigherinsulin(胰島素)levels.Theyateanddrankless,too.Theresearchersalsoanalyzedbloodsamplesfromthecows.Theheatstressedcowsdevelopedleakygut(腸子)withinjustthreedays.Theconditionoccurswhenbacteriaandothermaterial“l(fā)eak’s”troughweakenedpartsoftheintestinalwall(腸壁).Thiscancauseinflammationincows.____20____Whentheyfedthemaspecialmixoforganicacidsandpurebotanicals,theirgutsbecamelesspermeable.Thecowsatemore.Thyproducedmoremilk.Thatdietarysolutioncouldhelppreventsomeofthebillionsofdollarsiniclossesrelatedtoheatstressedcows.Theresearchcouldeventuallyleadtochangesinfeedformulations.A.Buttheresearchersalsofoundawaytohelpcowsdealwithheat.B.Aspredicted,thewarmcows’milkproductiondeclined.C.Buthowwillclimatechangeaffectcows?D.Whenexposedtoheat,thecowsatelessanddrankless.E.Heatstresscanalsoleadtodiseasesandotherissuesindairycows.F.Theyhousedthemintemperaturecontrolledstalls.G.However,therearemanymeasureswecantaketodealwiththeproblem.【答案】16.C17.F18.B19.E20.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了氣候變化對奶牛的奶產(chǎn)量所產(chǎn)生的影響，氣溫越高，牛奶產(chǎn)量越低?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)空前的“Asglobalwarmingheatsup,humanswillsufferfromrisingtemperatures.(隨著全球變暖的加劇，人類將受到氣溫升高的影響)”可知，全球變暖導(dǎo)致人類受到影響，根據(jù)下文中的“Inrecentyears,scientistshavefoundlinksbetweenhumancausedclimatechangeandheatstress.Thiscanlowermilkproduction.(近年來，科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)了人類引起的氣候變化和熱應(yīng)激之間的聯(lián)系。這會(huì)降低產(chǎn)奶量。)”可知，溫度升高會(huì)降低奶牛的奶產(chǎn)量，由此可知，此空應(yīng)引出下文中談?wù)摎鉁厣仙龑δ膛Ｓ杏绊?，C選項(xiàng)“Buthowwillclimatechangeaffectcows?(但是氣候變化將如何影響奶牛呢？)”呼應(yīng)空前的內(nèi)容且引出下文話題，符合語境。故選C項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)空前的“Theresearchersstudied48Holsteincows.(研究人員研究了48頭荷斯坦奶牛。)”以及空后的“Overthecourseoftwoweeks,halfofthecowswereexposedtoapproximately98degreeheat.Theotherhalfwerehousedinneutralconditions(中性條件).Allofthecowsweremilkedtwiceaday.(在兩周的時(shí)間里，一半的奶牛暴露在大約98度的高溫下。另一半則被安置在中性條件中。所有的奶牛一天擠兩次奶。)”可知，本段描述了研究的過程和方法，F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)“Theyhousedthemintemperaturecontrolledstalls.(研究人員們把奶牛安置在控制溫度的牛棚里。)”仍然在談?wù)撗芯糠椒?，符合語境。故選F項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)空前“Overthecourseoftwoweeks,halfofthecowswereexposedtoapproximately98degreeheat.Theotherhalfwerehousedinneutralconditions(中性條件).Allofthecowsweremilkedtwiceaday.Theresearcherstrackedeverythingfromtheirvitalsignstotheirweight,feedintakeandmilkyields.(在兩周的時(shí)間里，一半的奶牛暴露在大約98度的高溫下。另一半則被安置在中性環(huán)境中。所有的奶牛一天擠兩次奶。研究人員追蹤了從它們的生命體征到體重、采食量和產(chǎn)奶量的一切。)”可知，此處描述了研究的過程和方法，結(jié)合空后的“TheresearchwaspublishedintheJournalofDairyScience.(這項(xiàng)研究發(fā)表在《乳品科學(xué)雜志》上。)”可知，該項(xiàng)研究發(fā)表在相應(yīng)的雜志上，由此可推斷，此空講述的應(yīng)與研究發(fā)現(xiàn)相關(guān)，B選項(xiàng)“Aspredicted,thewarmcows’milkproductiondeclined.(正如預(yù)測的那樣，溫暖條件下的奶牛的產(chǎn)奶量下降了。)”講述的是研究的結(jié)果，符合語境。故選B項(xiàng)。【19題詳解】分析語篇可知，此空為本段的主題句，根據(jù)空后的“Theheatstressedcowshadhigherinsulin(胰島素)levels.Theyateanddrankless,too.Theresearchersalsoanalyzedbloodsamplesfromthecows.Theheatstressedcowsdevelopedleakygut(腸子)withinjustthreedays.(熱應(yīng)激奶牛的胰島素水平更高。它們也少吃少喝。研究人員還分析了奶牛的血液樣本。熱應(yīng)激的奶牛在短短三天內(nèi)就出現(xiàn)了腸漏。)”可知，研究表明熱應(yīng)激會(huì)導(dǎo)致牛的胰島素更高，而且奶牛在三天內(nèi)還會(huì)出現(xiàn)腸漏，由此可知，本段主要講述的是熱應(yīng)激導(dǎo)致的一些問題。E選項(xiàng)“Heatstresscanalsoleadtodiseasesandotherissuesindairycows.(熱應(yīng)激也會(huì)導(dǎo)致奶牛的疾病和其他問題。)”概括了本段講述的內(nèi)容，為本段落的總起句，符合語境。故選E項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】分析語篇可知，此空為本段的主題句，根據(jù)空后的“Whentheyfedthemaspecialmixoforganicacidsandpurebotanicals,theirgutsbecamelesspermeable.(當(dāng)研究人員給他們喂食有機(jī)酸和純植物的特殊混合物時(shí)，他們的腸道變得不那么容易滲透。)”可知，給奶牛喂食有機(jī)酸和純植物的特殊混合物時(shí)，牛的腸道就不容易滲透，由此可知，本段講述的事研究人員找到了一種幫助奶牛處理熱量的方法，A選項(xiàng)“Buttheresearchersalsofoundawaytohelpcowsdealwithheat.(但研究人員也發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種幫助奶牛應(yīng)對高溫的方法。)”講述的內(nèi)容與上文為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，且概括了本段要講述的內(nèi)容，符合語境。故選A項(xiàng)。第三部分語言知識(shí)應(yīng)用(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。23yearoldGaneshBaraiyaislivingproofthatnothingisimpossible.Despitefacing____21____becauseofhisshortstature,hemanagedtobeetheworld’sshortestdoctor.GaneshBaraiyawasbornintheTalaiaThalukaareaofGujarat,India,andfacedadversity(逆境)fromaveryyoungage.Hewasbornnormal.____22____,attheageoffour,hisparentsnoticedthathisheadwas____23____hisbody,sotheytookhimtoadoctor.Theylearnedthattheboysufferedfroman____24____conditionandtherewasnothinganyonecoulddo.Wantingtohelpherson,Ganesh’smotherputatublikehelmetonhisheadtopreventitfromgrowingandgivehisbodyachanceto____25____.Inschool,hewasoften____26____becauseofhislargeheadandshortstature,buthealsohadfriendswho____27____himandhewasabletofocusonhisstudies.Despitehisphysicallimitations,GaneshBarayawasalwaysvery____28____.Heknewhewantedtobeadoctorfromaveryyoungage,andputallhisenergyintohisstudies,workinghardtogethighgrades.Whenthetimecame,heappliedforaBachelorofMedicineandBachelorofSurgerydegree(MBBS),onlytobe____29____becauseofhisdwarfism(侏儒癥).Despitehisgoodtestresults,theMedicalCouncilofIndiarejectedhisapplicationbecauseofhisheight(onlythreefeet),_____30_____thathewouldn’tbeabletoperformhisdutiesinemergencycases.Ganeshwasshockedbytherejection,buthewasn’tabouttogiveuponhisdream.Withthehelpofhisschoolprincipal,he_____31_____theDistrictCollector,thenthestateEducationMinister,and_____32_____knockedonthedoorsoftheGujaratHighCourt._____33_____ofhiseffortsweresuccessful,butherefusedtogiveup.HiscasereachedIndia’sSupremeCourt,andjusticewas_____34_____done.In2018,India’stopcourtoflawawardedGaneshtherighttoenrollinanMBBS,andhedidjustthatthefollowingyear.“Iwasverydisappointedthreeyearsago,butIrefusedtoaccepttheirrefusal.NowIamveryhappythatIgotjusticefromtheSupremeCourt,”Ganeshsaid.“NowIamonthewaytofulfillthedreamI’ve_____35_____sincechildhood.IknowI’mdifferent,butIwanttoliveagoodlifelikeotherpeopleandmakemyparentsproud.”21.A.disappointment B.embarrassment C.discrimination D.distinction22.A.However B.But C.Instead D.Thus23.A.matching B.outgrowing C.overflowing D.overdoing24.A.unbearable B.inefficient C.unavoidable D.incurable25.A.catchup B.takeup C.makeup D.putup26.A.encouraged B.recognized C.teased D.plained27.A.turnedto B.stoodby C.countedon D.referredto28.A.humorous B.curious C.creative D.ambitious29.A.denied B.replaced C.admitted D.reserved30.A.warning B.claiming C.proving D.hoping31.A.threatened B.remended C.tracked D.contacted32.A.only B.still C.even D.also33.A.None B.Any C.Some D.Nothing34.A.hardly B.never C.initially D.finally35.A.acquired B.cherished C.dominated D.escaped【答案】21.C22.A23.B24.D25.A26.C27.B28.D29.A30.B31.D32.C33.A34.D35.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。主要報(bào)道了印度醫(yī)生GaneshBaraiya并沒有因?yàn)樽约荷聿陌。艿狡缫暥艞壸约旱膲粝?，相反一直努力，讓自己更?yōu)秀的同時(shí)不忘爭取自己的合法權(quán)利，最終成為一名優(yōu)秀的醫(yī)生。【21題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管因?yàn)樯聿陌《艿狡缫?，他還是成為了世界上最矮的醫(yī)生。A.disappointment失望；B.embarrassment尷尬；C.discrimination歧視；D.distinction區(qū)別。根據(jù)下文中的“becauseofhisshortstature”可知，GaneshBaraiya身材矮小，由此可推斷，此處指的是因此而受到“歧視”符合語境。故選C項(xiàng)。【22題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，在他四歲的時(shí)候，他的父母注意到他的頭比他的身體長，所以他們帶他去看醫(yī)生。A.However然而；B.But但是；C.Instead代替，反而；D.Thus因此。根據(jù)上文中的“Hewasbornnormal.”可知，他生下來是正常的，結(jié)合下文中的“attheageoffour,hisparentsnoticedthathisheadwas____3____hisbody,sotheytookhimtoadoctor.”可知，在他4歲的時(shí)候，由于身體的一些一樣帶父母帶他去看醫(yī)生，上下文之間為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，空后有“逗號(hào)”，所以使用however。故選A項(xiàng)。【23題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，在他四歲的時(shí)候，他的父母注意到他的頭比他的身體長得大，所以他們帶他去看醫(yī)生。A.matching匹配；B.outgrowing比……長的大；C.overflowing溢出；D.overdoing做的過分。根據(jù)下文中的“becauseofhislargeheadandshortstature”可知，他有個(gè)大頭和短小的身體，由此可推斷，此處指的是他的頭“比身體”長得大。故選B項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他們了解到這個(gè)男孩患有不治之癥，任何人都無能為力。A.unbearable難以忍受的；B.inefficient效率低的；C.unavoidable不可避免的；D.incurable不能治愈的。根據(jù)下文中的“andtherewasnothinganyonecoulddo.”可知，沒有任何醫(yī)生可做任何事情，由此可知，