新高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)考點(diǎn)過關(guān)練考點(diǎn)14-閱讀之詞義猜測(cè)題原卷版

考點(diǎn)14閱讀之詞義猜測(cè)（原卷版）【命題趨勢(shì)】 詞義猜測(cè)題型是高考中必考題型，每年考察1-2題。所以詞義猜測(cè)題型也是考生需要復(fù)習(xí)的考點(diǎn)。詞義猜測(cè)，即閱讀中的完形填空。可以通過前后句子中的關(guān)鍵詞尋找相對(duì)應(yīng)的詞。只要找到方法，拿下詞義猜測(cè)輕而易舉。當(dāng)然，著需要我們掌握足夠的詞匯量才能游刃有余！【重要考向】一、了解詞義猜測(cè)題型的基本設(shè)題方式和基本提示詞；二、掌握詞義猜測(cè)解題技巧；考向一識(shí)別詞義猜測(cè)題【典例】【2022年新高考全國(guó)卷Ⅰ閱讀理解C篇】WendyWilson,extracaremanagerat60PenfoldStreet,oneofthefirsttoembarkontheproject,said:“Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.”30.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“embarkon”meaninparagraph7?A.Improve. B.Oppose. C.Begin. D.Evaluate.【詞義猜測(cè)題型提分秘籍】了解詞義猜測(cè)題型的基本設(shè)題方式(1)代詞類猜詞題Theunderlinedword"them"inParagraph2refersto_______.Theunderlinedword“it"inPara.4refersto_______.(2)其他類猜測(cè)題WhatdoesthewordX(inParagraphX)mean?WhatdoestheunderlinedwordXmean?Whatcanwelearnfromtheunderlinedsentence?TheunderlinedwordXprobablymeans_______.考向二詞義猜測(cè)題解題方法【典例】【2022年全國(guó)甲卷閱讀理解C篇】AsGinniBazlintonreachedAntarctica,shefoundherselfgreetedbyagroupoflittleGentoopenguins(企鵝)longingtosayhello.Thesegentle,lovelygatekeeperswelcomedherandkick-startedwhatwastobeatripGinniwouldneverforget.Eversinceherchildhood,Ginni,now71,hashadadeeplovefortravel.Throughouthercareer(職業(yè))asaprofessionaldancer,shetouredintheUK,butalwayslongedtoexplorefurther.Whensheretiredfromdancingandhersonseventuallyflewthenest,shedecideditwastimetotaketheplunge.28.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“taketheplunge”underlinedinparagraph2?A.Trychallengingthings. B.Takeadegree.C.Bringbacklostmemories. D.Sticktoapromise.【詞義猜測(cè)題提分秘籍】1.代詞類猜詞題做題方法第一步：優(yōu)先看劃線句第二步：前指向性第三步：代詞單復(fù)數(shù)線索2.其他類猜詞題做題方法根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法：通過轉(zhuǎn)化、合成、詞根詞綴等詞根詞綴常見前綴：表否定dis-,il-,im-,in-,ir-,mis-,non-,un-等表其他的anti-(反對(duì)；抵抗),auto-(自動(dòng)),co-(共同),en-(使),inter-(互相),re-(再；又),sub-(下面的；次；小),tele-(強(qiáng)調(diào)距離)等前綴作用：通常前綴一般改變單詞的意義，不改變?cè)~性常見后綴：表名詞-(e)r/-or(從事某事的人)，-ment(性質(zhì)；狀態(tài))，-ness(性質(zhì)；狀態(tài))，-tion(動(dòng)作；過程)等表動(dòng)詞-(e)n(多用于形容詞之后)，-fy(使……化)，-ize(使……成為)表副詞有-ly(主要用于形容詞之后表示方式或程度)，-ward(s)(主要用于表示方位的詞之后表示方向)表形容詞-al，-able(有能力的)，-(a)n(某國(guó)人的)，-en(多用于表示材料的名詞后)，-ern(方向的)，-ful，-(ic)al，-ish，-ive，-less(表示否定)，-like(像……的)，-ly，-ous，-some，-y(表示天氣)后綴作用：通常會(huì)改變單詞的詞性，構(gòu)成意義相近的其他詞性(3)因果法——根據(jù)因果關(guān)系常見表示因果的詞匯：because,for,as,since,forthereasonthat,consideringthat(4)并列法——根據(jù)并列順承關(guān)系常見的并列詞：and,aswellas,notonly…butalso…,together/alongwith,when/while(5)轉(zhuǎn)折法——根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系 常見表示轉(zhuǎn)折的詞匯：while,not,but,however,yet,otherwise,though,despite,inspiteof,incontrast,insteadof,ratherthan【2022年全國(guó)乙卷C篇】Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety.ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.Thatcanbedangerousworkthatcouldbeavoidedwithdronesassistingthecrews’efforts.29.Whatdoes“maintenance”underlinedinparagraph3referto?A.Personnelsafety. B.Assistancefromdrones.C.Inspectionandrepair. D.Constructionofinfrastructure.【2022年1月浙江卷A篇】Merebeth'spetdeliveryservicesatisfiesher

wanderlust.IthastakenhertoeverystateintheUSexceptMontana,WashingtonandOregon,shesaysproudly.Ifshewantstovisitanewplace,shewillsimplyfindapetwithtransportneedsthere.Shetravelsinallweathers.Shehasdriventhrough55mphwindsinWyoming,heavyfloodingandstormsinAlabamaandtotalwhiteoutconditionsinKansas.22.Theword“wanderlust"inparagraph2meansadesireto_?A.makemoney.

B.tryvariousjobs.C.beclosetonature.

D.traveltodifferentplaces.【2021年新高考全國(guó)卷Ⅰ閱讀理解C篇】WhentheexplorersfirstsetfootuponthecontinentofNorthAmerica,theskiesandlandswerealivewithanastonishingvarietyofwildlife.NativeAmericanshadtakencareofthesepreciousnaturalresourceswisely.Unfortunately,ittooktheexplorersandthesettlerswhofollowedonlyafewdecadestodecimatealargepartoftheseresources.Millionsofwaterfowl(水禽)werekilledatthehandsofmarkethuntersandahandfulofoverlyambitioussportsmen.Millionsofacresofwetlandsweredriedtofeedandhousetheever-increasingpopulations,greatlyreducingwaterfowlhabitat.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“decimate”meaninthefirstparagraph?A.Acquire. B.Export.C.Destroy. D.Distribute.【2021年全國(guó)乙卷閱讀理解C篇】Still,55percentofAustralianshavealandlinephoneathomeandonlyjustoveraquarter（29%）relyonlyontheirsmartphonesaccordingtoasurvey（調(diào)查）.OfthoseAustralianswhostillhavealandline,athirdconcedethatit’snotreallynecessaryandthey’rekeepingitasasecurityblanket—19percentsaytheyneveruseitwhileafurther13percentkeepitincaseofemergencies.Ithinkmyhomefallsintothatcategory.25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“concede”inparagraph3mean?A.Admit. B.Argue.C.Remember. D.Remark.【2021年浙江卷1月閱讀理解C篇】“Thevaguenessofthegesturemeaningssuggestseitherthatthechimpshavelittletocommunicate,orwearestillmissingalotoftheinformationcontainedintheirgesturesandactions,”shesaid.“Moreover,themeaningsseemtonotgobeyondwhatotheranimalsconveywithnon-verbalcommunication.So,itseemsthegulfremains.”29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“gulf”inthelastparagraphmean?A.Difference. B.Conflict.C.Balance. D.Connection.【2021年全國(guó)甲卷閱讀理解C篇】Southbank,ataneasternbendintheThames,isthecenterofBritishskateboarding,wherethecontinuouscrashingofskateboardsleftyourheadringing.Ilovedit.Isoonmadefriendswiththelocalskaters.Wespokeourownlanguage.Andmyfavorite:Safe.Safemeantcool.Itmeanthello.Itmeantdon'tworryaboutit.Once,whentryingacertaintrickonthebeam（橫桿）,Ifellontothestones,damaginganerveinmyhand,andTobycameover,helpingmeup:Safe,man.Safe.Afewminuteslater,whenIlandedthetrick,myfriendsbeattheirboardsloud,shouting:“Safe!Safe!Safe!”Andthat'swhatmattered—landingtricks,beingagoodskater.9.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“Safe!Safe!Safe!”probablymean?A.Becareful! B.Welldone! C.Noway! D.Don'tworry!【2021年6月浙江卷閱讀理解A篇】Inthepastfewyears,anincreasingnumberofpeopleandorganisationshavebeguncomingupwithplanstocounterthistrend.Acoupleofyearsago,film-makerDavidBondrealisedthathischildren,thenagedfiveandthree,wereattachedtoscreenstothepointwherehewasabletosay"chocolate"intohisthree-year-oldson'searwithoutgettingaresponse.Herealisedthatsomethingneededtochange,and,beingaLondonmediatype,appointedhimself"marketingdirectorforNature".Hedocumentedhisjourneyashesetabouttreatingnatureasabrandtobemarketedtoyoungpeople.TheresultwasProjectWildThing,afilmwhichchartsthebirthoftheWildNetworkagroupoforganisationswiththecommongoalofgettingchildrenoutintonature.26.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword"charts"inparagraph2A.recordsB.predictsC.delaysD.confirms【2021天津卷3月閱讀理解B篇】ThepoignancyofJordanretiringfromhisbelovedbasketballtoplaybaseballandwhathadpushedhimtomakesuchatoughdecisiontookmebysurprise.AsIwatchedhimtakeoffhisbasketballuniformandreplaceitwithabaseballuniform,Isawhimleavingbehindthelayerthatnolongerservedhim,justasourlizardhad.Neitherofthemchosethemomentthathadtransformedthem.Buttheyhadtolivewithwhotheywereaftereverythingwasdifferent.Justlikeus.Irealizedthatwehavetolearntoleavethepastbehind.43.Theunderlinedpart"leavingbehindthelayer"inParagraph8canbeunderstoodas.A.lettinggoofthepast B.lookingforanewjobC.gettingridofabadhabit D.givingupanopportunity【2020全國(guó)卷Ⅰ閱讀理解B篇】WhileItendtobuyalotofbooks,thesethreeweregiventomeasgifts,whichmightaddtothemeaningIattachtothem.ButIimaginethat,whilemoneyisindeedwonderfulandnecessary,rereadinganauthor’sworkisthehighestcurrencyareadercanpaythem.Thebestbooksaretheonesthatopenfurtherastimepasses.Butremember,it’syouthathastogrowandreadandrereadinordertobetterunderstandyourfriends.26.Whatdoestheunderlinedword＂currency＂inparagraph4referto?A.Debt. B.Reward. C.Allowance. D.Facevalue.6.【2020全國(guó)卷Ⅱ閱讀理解C篇】NutriawerebroughttherefromArgentinabyfurfarmersandletgointothewild.“Theecosystemdowntherecan’thandlethisnon-nativespecies（物種）.It’sdestroyingtheenvironment.It’sthemorus."saysMichaelMassimi,anexpertinthisfield.Thefurtradekeptnutriacheckfordecades，butwhenthemarketfornutriacollapsedinthelate1980s，thecat-sizedanimalsmultipliedlikecrazy.30.

What

does

the

underlined

word

“collapsed”

in

paragraph

5

probably

mean?A.

Boomed. B.

Became

mature.

C.

Remained

stable.

D.

Crashed.7.【2020全國(guó)卷Ⅱ閱讀理解D篇】AsIgrewolderandbecameamother,thelibrarytookonanewplaceandanaddedmeaninginmylife.Ihadseveralchildrenandbookswereourmainsource(來源)ofentertainment.Itwasabigdealforustoloadupandgotothelocallibrary,wheremykidscouldpickoutbookstoreadorbookstheywantedmetoreadtothem.33.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“anaddedmeaning”inparagraph3referto?A.Pleasurefromworkinginthelibrary.B.Joyofreadingpassedoninthefamily.C.Wondermentfromactingoutthestories.D.Acloserbonddevelopedwiththereaders.8.【2020全國(guó)卷III閱讀理解B篇】Yet"Apes"ismoreexceptionthantherule.Infact,Hollywoodhasbeenhotonliveanimalslately.Onenonprofitorganization,whichmonitorsthetreatmentoranimalsinfilmedentertainment,iskeepingtabsonmorethan2,000productionsthisyear.Already,anumberoffilms,including"WaterforElephants,""TheHangoverPartⅡ"and"Zookeeper,"havedrawntheangerofactivistswhosaythecreaturesactinginthemhaven’tbeentreatedproperly.26.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"keepingtabson"inparagraph3probablymean?A.Listingcompletely. B.Directingprofessionally.C.Promotingsuccessfully. D.Watchingcarefully.9.【2020全國(guó)新高考卷閱讀理解C篇】Hisvisit,however,endedupinvolvingalotmorethanthat.Hencethisbook,ChasingtheSea:LostAmongtheGhostsofEmpireinCentralAsia,whichtalksaboutaroadtripfromTashkenttoKarakalpakstan,wheremillionsofliveshavebeendestroyedbytheslowdryingupofthesea.ItisthestoryofanAmericantravellingtoastrangeland,andofthepeoplehemeetsonhisway:Rustam,histranslator,alovely24-year-oldwhopickeduphiscolorfulEnglishinCalifornia,OlegandNatasha,hishostsinTashkent,andastringofforeignaidworkers.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph2referto?（）A.Developingaseriousmentaldisease.B.TakingaguidedtourinCentralAsia.C.WorkingasavolunteerinUzbekistan.D.WritinganarticleabouttheAralSea.【2020全國(guó)新高考卷閱讀理解D篇】AccordingtoarecentstudyintheJournalofConsumerResearch,boththesizeandconsumptionhabitsofoureatingcompanionscaninfluenceourfoodintake.Andcontrarytoexistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions（份）,it'sthebeanpoleswithbigappetitesyoureallyneedtoavoid.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"beanpoles"inparagraph1referto?（）A.Bigeaters. B.Overweightpersons.C.Pickyeaters. D.Tallthinpersons.1【2019全國(guó)卷Ⅰ閱讀理解B篇】Buthe’snervous.＂I’mheretotellyoutodaywhyyoushould…should…＂Christripsonthe＂-ld,＂apronunciationdifficultyformanynon-nativeEnglishspeakers.Histeacher,ThomasWhaley,isnexttohim,whisperingsupport.＂…Votefor…me…＂Exceptforsomestumbles,Chrisisdoingamazinglywell.Whenhebringshisspeechtoaniceconclusion,Whaleyinvitestherestoftheclasstopraisehim.25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword＂stumbles＂inparagraph2referto?A.Improperpauses. B.Badmanners. C.Spellingmistakes. D.Sillyjokes.1【2019全國(guó)卷Ⅱ閱讀理解B篇】Iguessthatthere'sprobablysomedemandingworkschedule,orsocialanxietyaroundsteppinguptohelpforanunknownsport.Shemayjustneedalittlepersuading.SoItryagainandtugattheheartstrings.ImentionthesingleparentwithfourkidsrunningtheshowandItalkaboutthedadcoachingateamthathiskidsaren’tevenon…Atthispointtheunwillingparentspeaksup,"Alright.Yes,I’lldoit."25.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"tugattheheartstrings"inparagraph2mean?A.Encourageteamwork. B.Appealtofeelings.C.Promotegooddeeds. D.Provideadvice.1【2019全國(guó)卷Ⅲ閱讀理解B篇】"Chinaisimpossibletooverlook,"saysHill."Chinesemodelsarethefacesofbeautyandfashioncampaignsthatselldreamstowomenallovertheworld,whichmeansChinesewomenarenotjustconsumersoffashion—theyarecentraltoitsmovement."Ofcourse,onlyaretoday'stopWesterndesignersbeinginfluencedbyChina—someofthebestdesignersofcontemporaryfashionarethemselvesChinese."VeraWang,AlexanderWang,JasonWuaretakingonGaliano,Albaz,MarcJacobs-andbeatingthemhandsdownindesignandsales,"addsHill.26.Whatdotheunderlinedwords "takingon"inparagraph4mean?A.learningfrom B.lookingdownon C.workingwith D.competingagainst1【2019天津卷閱讀理解D篇】Thebookturnsouttobeonethathasappealedtotheworldformorethan350years.ThatformerprisonerwasCervantes,andthebookwasDonQuixote（《堂吉訶德》）.Andthestoryposesaninterestingquestion:whydosomepeoplediscovernewvitalityandcreativitytotheendoftheirdays,whileothersgotoseedlongbefore?We’veallknownpeoplewhorunoutofsteambeforetheyreachlife’shalfwaymark.I’mnottalkingaboutthosewhofailtogettothetop.Wecan’tallgetthere.I’mtalkingaboutpeoplewhohavestoppedlearningongrowingbecausetheyhaveadoptedthefixedattitudesandopinionsthatalltoooftencomewithpassingyears.52.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph3probablymean?A.Endone’sstruggleforliberty.B.Wasteone’senergytakingrisks.C.Misstheopportunitytosucceed.D.Losetheinteresttocontinuelearning.（2022·黑龍江齊齊哈爾·一模）Theworldisgettinggreener,accordingtoanewstudypublishedinNaturethisweek.ChiChen,leadauthorofthestudy,andhiscolleagueshavebeenminingdatacollectedbyanorbitingNASAcamerathatmonitorsgreenvegetationonEarth’ssurface,daybyday.Evenmoreinteresting:Theyareabletoshowtheexactcausesofincreasingordecreasingleafcoverinparticularareas.Insomecoldplaces,increaseinleafcoverapparentlyresultedfromglobalwarming.Sincetheclimateisbecomingmoreandmoretemperateandthegrowingseasonisgettinglongerandlonger,theplantsaregrowingbiggerandleafierthere.1．Whichofthefollowingbestexplainstheunderlinedword“temperate”inparagraph3?A．Warm. B．Wet.C．Cold D．Dry.（2022·河北石家莊·一模）30yearslater,Bobandhiswife,JillWelch,decidedtoturntheirweddingintoafundraiserfortheMake-A-WishFoundation.Theirweddingguestsfinancedtwowishesforlocalchildren,morebeingplanned.Manydonatedgenerouslytothecause,spendingmore,perhaps,thantheymighthaveifitwasjusttobuythecoupleaweddinggiftlikefinechinaorakitchenappliance.BobsaidtheirweddingdonationtotheMake-A-WishFoundationisn’tgoingtobe“oneanddone”.Thetwoplanoncontinuingtocontributegoingforward.37．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“oneanddone”inParagraph2mean?A．Once-only. B．Non-stop. C．Sizable. D．Personal.（2022·河北張家口·一模）Inthelate1930s,acollectionof14goldRomancoins,knownastheChapipitreasure,wasalsofoundinthesamewoodlands.Theresearchersbelievethatlocalpeoplemayhaveburiedtheircoinstokeepthemsafeduringaperiodofintensepoliticalinstabilityintheregion.Themostrecentcoininthenewly-discoveredGradocollectiondatestoA．D．430,whichwasaftertheSuebi—agroupofGermanicpeopleoriginallyfrommodern-dayGermanyandtheCzechRepublic—pushedtheRomansoutofSpaininA．D．409,accordingtoElPais.11．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“them”refertoinParagraph4?A．TheRomans. B．Thecoins. C．Thewoodlands. D．Theresearchers.（2022·陜西省榆林中學(xué)二模）Besides,10%ofrichcountriesgreenhousegasemissionscomefromfoodthatwasgrownandnevereaten.Foodwastenotonlycontributestoclimatechange,butalsofoodinsecurityandextremepoverty.Asstatedabove,inthegreatestfoodwastingcountries,therearelawsthatconfineproducefrombeingdonatedtopeopleinneed.15．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“confine”inparagraph3probablymean?A．Refuse. B．Restrict. C．Contact. D．Protect.（2022·河南·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Theyogurtthat’spastitssell-bydate.Thebananainyourlunchthatturnedbrown.Theleftoversinthefridgethatyouforgottoeat.Formostpeople,allthatfoodgoesrightintothegarbagecan.Eighttotenpercentofglobalgreenhousegasemissions(放)arerelatedtofoodwaste,accordingtoareportbytheU.N.’sIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange.“Whenyouthrowawayaneggorasandwich,”saysYvetteCabrera,foodwastevicedirectorattheNaturalResourcesDefenseCouncil(N.R.D．C．),“you’realsothrowingawayalltheresourcesthatwentintoproducingthosethings.”Thatincludesnotonlyallthewater,land,andfertilizer(化肥)thatwentintoproducingthatfood,butalsothemassiveamountsoffossilfuelsusedtopowerthefarms,transportthefood,andcreatethepackaging.30．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“That”inParagraph3referto?A．Theleftoversinthefridge. B．Thepackagingforproducts.C．Thethrowneggorsandwich. D．Theresourcestoproducefood.（2022·寧夏·銀川一中一模）TheYawatechnologyisanexampleofbestpracticeinthecirculareconomy.Materialsusedtobuildthemachinearerecyclable.Thetechnologyisevenbeingadjustedtolocalairquality,aresponsetothechallengescausedbyairpollution.Butmostimportantly,thetechnologycanbeused,ownedandrepairedbythecommunitiesitserves,eveniftheyarenotclearonthesciencebehindit.“WhenIwasfirsttestingthistechnologyindifferentruralcommunities,Ispentalotoftimeexplainingthetechnicalaspectsofit,”Hidalgosaid.“Atonepointawomanstoppedmeandlookedmeintheeyeandsaid,‘Youngman,Ijustwantwater.’Andthatchangedsomethinginsideofme,andIknewthatIhadtokeepthingssimple.”39．Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph4imply?A．Thewomandidn’ttrustYawa.B．Thewomanbadlyneededwater.C．ThesciencebehindYawawascomplex.D．ThetestonYawawasdisappointing.（2022·北京豐臺(tái)·一模）Oneexplanationforthisstrongstatisticalpatteristhattravelingrequirestimeandenergy,andpeoplehavelimitedresourcesforit.Atthecoreistheeffortthatpeoplearewillingtoinvestcollectivelytotraveltocertainlocations,tryingtooptimizetheirdays.5．Whatdoestheunderlined