新高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)高頻考點(diǎn)追蹤與預(yù)測(cè)專(zhuān)題08 推理判斷題 （分層練）(解析版)

專(zhuān)題驗(yàn)收評(píng)價(jià)專(zhuān)題08推理判斷題內(nèi)容概覽A·?？碱}不丟分【命題點(diǎn)01邏輯推斷題】【命題點(diǎn)02觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題】【命題點(diǎn)03寫(xiě)作意圖題】【命題點(diǎn)04文章出處題和讀者對(duì)象題】【微專(zhuān)題推理判斷三大易錯(cuò)陷阱】B·拓展培優(yōu)拿高分C·挑戰(zhàn)真題爭(zhēng)滿分【命題點(diǎn)01邏輯推斷題】1.【2022·全國(guó)高考乙卷片段】Today'sfigures,accordingtoonegovernmentofficial,showthepositiveinfluencethesugartaxishavingbyraisingmillionsofpoundsforsportsfacilities（設(shè)施）andhealthiereatinginschools.Helpingthenextgenerationtohaveahealthyandactivechildhoodisofgreatimportance,andtheindustryisplayingitspart.15.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheadoptionofthesugartaxpolicy?A.Itisashort-sighteddecision. B.Itisasuccessstory.C.Itbenefitsmanufacturers. D.Itupsetscustomers.【答案】15.B15.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中的“Today’sfigures,accordingtoonegovernmentofficial,showthepositiveinfluencethesugartaxishavingbyraisingmillionsofpoundsforsportsfacilitiesandhealthiereatinginschools.（根據(jù)一位政府官員的說(shuō)法，今天的數(shù)據(jù)顯示了糖稅的積極影響，它為學(xué)校的體育設(shè)施和健康飲食籌集了數(shù)百萬(wàn)英鎊）”可推斷，糖稅政策的實(shí)施是一個(gè)成功的政策。故選B。2.【2021·英語(yǔ)全國(guó)甲卷片段】...Theadorablefemalecalfisthesecondblackrhinobornthisyearatthereserve,butitistooearlytotellifthecalveswillmakegoodcandidatestobereturnedtoprotectedareasofthewild.ThefirstrhinotobebornatPortLympnearrivedonJanuary5tofirst-timemotherKisimaandweighedabout32kg.Hismother,grandmotherandgreatgrandmotherwereallbornatthereserveandstilllivethere.AccordingtotheWorldWildlifeFund,theglobalblackrhinopopulationhasdroppedaslowas5500,givingtherhinosa“criticallyendangered”status.7．WhatcanbeinferredaboutPornLympneReserve?A．Therhinosectionwillbeopentothepublic.B．Itaimstocontrolthenumberoftheanimals.C．ItwillcontinuetoworkwiththeWorldWildlifeFund.D．Someofitsrhinosmaybesenttotheprotectedwildareas.【答案】7．D7．推理判斷題。通過(guò)文章倒數(shù)第二段“itistooearlytotellifthecalveswillmakegoodcandidatestobereturnedtoprotectedareasofthewild(要判斷這些小犀牛是否會(huì)成為返回野生保護(hù)區(qū)的好的候選者還為時(shí)過(guò)早)”可推知，PonLympne保護(hù)區(qū)的一些犀牛可能會(huì)被送到野生保護(hù)區(qū)。故選D項(xiàng)。3.【2023屆河北省高三適應(yīng)性考試片段】Oneaspectoftheclean-energychangewillhappeninsidebuildings.Manyhomesandbusinessesburnnaturalgasforheatingandcooking.Naturalgasgivesoutgreenhousegasesaswellasotherpollutantsthatcanharmhealth.Gasappliances(家用電器)canbereplacedbyelectricversionsandtapintocleanelectricity.PanamaBartholomyisthedirectoroftheBuildingDecarbonizationCoalition.Hisgroup,basedinPetaluma,Calif.,focusesonlimitinggasemissionsindoors.“Weassumetheelectricgrid(輸電網(wǎng))isgettingcleanerovertime,whichitis.So,wewantmoreandmoreofourheatingtocomefromelectricity.”It’smucheasiertomakethesetypesoftransitionswhengovernmentsrecommendthem,saysBethMiller.SheisanecologistandconsultantwithGoodCompany.BasedinEugene,Ore.,ithelpscompaniesandcommunitiesreducetheircarbonfootprint.Somestatesarealreadytakingstepstomakethesechanges.OnSeptember22,forinstance,Californiadecideditwouldbanthesaleofgas-firedspaceheatersandwaterheatersby2030.Afterhomesandbusinessesmaketheswitchtoelectricalternatives,theywillbemorecomfortable,saysBartholomy.Theywillbesaferandcleaner,too,headds.Insteadofagasfurnace(燃?xì)鉅t),anelectricheatpumpcouldbothheatandcoolahome.Gasheatersandstoveswon’tbepumpingpollutionintoahome’sair.AndcookswillhaveevenmorecontrolonamodernelectriccookerthanonagasstovesaysBartholomy.Gettingnaturalgasoutofyourhomeisprobablythelargestpositiveimpactyoucanhavefortheplanet,Bartholomysays.“Weallneedtofightforalivableclimate.Thereisnowaytomeetourclimategoalswhilestillburninggasinbuildings.Foralivablefuture,wemusttakemeasurestostopburningnaturalgas,thoughweknowwehavealongwaytogo.”Andthebonus:Itnowlookslikedoingthatshouldalsosavepeoplealotofmoney.14．WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph4?A．Homeswillbesafer. B．Gasstoveswillbereplacedsoon.C．Homes’airwillhavemorepollutants. D．Cooksprefertousetraditionalcookers.【答案】14．A【文章大意】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章講述將會(huì)在建筑內(nèi)部發(fā)生清潔能源的改變，燃?xì)庠O(shè)備將被電動(dòng)設(shè)備取代以及利用清潔能源的好處。14．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Afterhomesandbusinessesmaketheswitchtoelectricalternatives,theywillbemorecomfortable,saysBartholomy.Theywillbesaferandcleaner,too,headds.(Bartholomy說(shuō)，在家庭和企業(yè)改用電力替代品之后，它們會(huì)更舒適。他補(bǔ)充說(shuō)，它們也會(huì)更安全、更清潔)”可推知，家將會(huì)更安全。故選A。4.【2023屆安徽省皖江聯(lián)盟高三最后一卷聯(lián)考片段】Peoplespendaboutathirdoftheirlivessleeping.Thatmightsoundliketimewasted,butit’snot.Eveninadeepsleep,thebrainisbusy.It’shardatworksortingmemories,cleansingitselfofharmfulwastesandmore.Thistimeofrestalsohelpsthebodybuildstrongerbonesandhealwoundsfaster.Expertsrecommendthatteensgetaboutninehoursofsleepeachnight.Butsurveysshowthatonlyaboutone-thirdof18-year-oldreportgettingatleastsevenhoursofsleeppernight.Asteensgothroughpuberty(青春期),theybecomenaturalnightowls.Theirbodiesdon’treleasethehormonemelatonin(褪黑激素)—whichtellsthebrainit’stimeforbed—untillateratnight.Thisshiftstheircircadianrhythm(晝夜節(jié)律)sothatsleepcomesmosteasilybetween11p.m.and8a.m.ButmostpubicmiddleandhighschoolsintheUnitedStatesstartbefore8:30a.m.Andthat’samajorproblem8．Whatdoesthefirstparagraphimply?A．Thereismoreforthebraintodealwith.B．Thebrainisthebusiestduringsleepingtime.C．Sleepisvitaltoourhealthandwellbeing.D．Manyaresufferingsleep-relatedproblems.【答案】8．C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的句子“Eveninadeepsleep,thebrainisbusy.It’shardatworksortingmemories,cleansingitselfofharmfulwastesandmore.Thistimeofrestalsohelpsthebodybuildstrongerbonesandhealwoundsfaster.（即使在深度睡眠中，大腦也很忙碌。大腦需要努力整理記憶，清除有害廢物等等。這段時(shí)間的休息也有助于身體建立更強(qiáng)壯的骨骼，更快地愈合傷口）”可以推論出，睡眠對(duì)我們的健康和幸福至關(guān)重要。故選C項(xiàng)。5.【2023屆福建省龍巖第一中學(xué)高考第三次校模擬片段】Para3:Rotterdamhasalreadyestablisheditselfasoneofthemostclimate-adaptiveplacesintheworld.Everythingfromofficebuildingstoentireneighborhoodsarebuiltonwaterinthecity,whichis90%belowsealevel.TheWingerdens’FloatingFarmwasanewbutnecessaryattempt.Shouldaweathercrisisarise,awaterbornefarmisn’tnecessarilystuckinplace.Aformerpropertydeveloperwithabackgroundinengineering,PeterfoundhisinspirationfortheFloatingFarminaclimatedisasterinNewYorkCity,whereHurricaneSandypreventedthedeliveryoffreshfoodtomillions.TheWingerdens’modelisripeforreproduction—whichisexactlywhattheFloatingFarm’steamof14areworkingonnow.PlansareunderwayforafloatingvegetablefarmtomoveintothespacenexttothecurrentFloatingFarm.PermitapplicationsarealsooutforsimilarstructuresinDubai,SingaporeandtheDutchcitiesofHaarlemandArnhem.ThenewprojectswillapplylessonslearnedfromFloatingFarm.“Youneedtobuildahouseinordertoknowhowtobuildahouse,”P(pán)etersays.Thebiggestobstaclesheseesahead,however,arenotfinancialorphysical,butratherpoliticalandadministrative.“Oneofthebiggestchallengeswecomeacrossworldwideisregulations.Citiesneedtohavedisruptivethinking,citiesneedtohavedisruptivedepartments,andcitiesneedtohaveareaswhereyoucansay:OK,thisistheexperimentalzone.”BecausewhatPeterandhisteamarepullingoffisofadifferentorderthanthetypicalsustainabilitymeasures.“Wearenotinnovative,”hesays.“Wearedisruptive.”9．Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat___________.A．90%ofthepopulationinRotterdamlivebelowthesealevelB．TheNewYorkCityisworkinghardtofightclimatechangeC．ThelocalcommunitywillnotbefedwithoutnewfarmingD．WaterbornefacilitiesarenecessarytothefutureofRotterdam【答案】9．D【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Everythingfromofficebuildingstoentireneighborhoodsarebuiltonwaterinthecity,whichis90%belowsealevel.TheWingerdens’FloatingFarmwasanewbutnecessaryattempt.Shouldaweathercrisisarise,awaterbornefarmisn’tnecessarilystuckinplace.(從辦公樓到整個(gè)社區(qū)，這座城市的一切都建在水面上，而這座城市的海平面低于90%。翁格登夫婦的水上農(nóng)場(chǎng)是一個(gè)新的但必要的嘗試。如果出現(xiàn)天氣危機(jī)，水上農(nóng)場(chǎng)并不一定會(huì)被困在原地。)”可知，鹿特丹一切都建在低于海平面90%的水上，浮動(dòng)農(nóng)場(chǎng)是一個(gè)新的但必要的嘗試，由此可知，水上設(shè)施對(duì)鹿特丹的未來(lái)是必要的。故選D項(xiàng)?！久}點(diǎn)02觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題】1.【2021年新高考I卷之D篇片段】Para3:Althoughpopularbeliefsregardingemotionalintelligencerunfaraheadofwhatresearchcanreasonablysupport,theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthanharmful.Themostpositiveaspectofthispopularizationisanewandmuchneededemphasis(重視)onemotionbyemployers,educatorsandothersinterestedinpromotingsocialwell-being.Thepopularizationofemotionalintelligencehashelpedboththepublicandresearchersre-evaluatethefunctionalityofemotionsandhowtheyservepeopleadaptivelyineverydaylife.Althoughthecontinuingpopularappealofemotionalintelligenceisdesirable,wehopethatsuchattentionwillexciteagreaterinterestinthescientificandscholarlystudyofemotion.Itisourhopethatincomingdecades,advancesinsciencewilloffernewperspectives(視角)fromwhichtostudyhowpeoplemanagetheirlives.Emotionalintelligence,withitsfocusonbothheadandheart,mayservetopointusintherightdirection.34.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothepopularizationofemotionalintelligence?A.Favorable. B.Intolerant.C.Doubtful. D.Unclear.【答案】34.A【解析】推理判斷題。通過(guò)文章第三段“theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthanharmful.…Thepopularizationofemotionalintelligencehashelpedboththepublicandresearchers(宣傳的總體效果一直是利大于弊。這種普及最積極的方面是雇主、教育者和其他對(duì)促進(jìn)社會(huì)福利感興趣的人對(duì)情感進(jìn)行了新的、迫切需要的強(qiáng)調(diào)。情商的普及幫助了公眾和研究人員)”可推知，作者認(rèn)為情商普及是對(duì)人們有利的。故選A項(xiàng)。2.【2020·全國(guó)Ⅰ卷D篇片段】Racewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswithrunning,researchshows,whilemostlikelycontributingtofewerinjuries.Itdoes,however,haveitsownproblem.Racewalkersareconditionedathletes.ThelongesttrackandfieldeventattheSummerOlympicsisthe50-kilometerracewalk,whichisaboutfivemileslongerthanthemarathon.Butthesport’srulesrequirethataracewalker’skneesstaystraightthroughmostofthelegswingandonefootremainincontact(接觸)withthegroundatalltimes.It’sthisstrangeformthatmakesracewalkingsuchanattractiveactivity,however,saysJaclynNorberg,anassistantprofessorofexercisescienceatSalemStateUniversityinSalem,MassWhichwordbestdescribestheauthor’sattitudetoracewalking?A．Skeptical. B．Objective.C．Tolerant. D．Conservative.【答案】B【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Racewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswithrunning,researchshows,whilemostlikelycontributingtofewerinjuries.Itdoes,however,haveitsownproblem.”可知，研究表明，競(jìng)走和跑步一樣有很多健身益處，而且它還很少導(dǎo)致受傷。不過(guò)，它也有自己的問(wèn)題。由此判斷出作者對(duì)于競(jìng)走的態(tài)度是客觀的。故選B項(xiàng)。3.【2023屆福建省福州市普通高中畢業(yè)班5月質(zhì)量檢測(cè)】...Rightnow,it’shardtoknowwhatthatmiddlewaymightlooklike.In50years,everycitycouldbelitbyenvironmentallylow-impactlights,orwemighthavecompletelyforgottenwhatdarknessis—theskyfilledwithlittlemoons.11．Whatisthewriter’sattitudetowardlightingmanagement?A．Balanced. B．Negative. C．Unclear. D．Conservative.【答案】11．A11．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Rightnow,it’shardtoknowwhatthatmiddlewaymightlooklike.In50years,everycitycouldbelitbyenvironmentallylow-impactlights,orwemighthavecompletelyforgottenwhatdarknessis—theskyfilledwithlittlemoons.(現(xiàn)在，很難知道“middleway”方法會(huì)是什么樣子。50年后，每個(gè)城市都可以用對(duì)環(huán)境影響小的燈照亮，或者我們可能已經(jīng)完全忘記了黑暗是什么——天空中布滿了小月亮)”可知，“middleway”有可能是讓人們使用對(duì)環(huán)境影響小的燈照明，也可能讓天空掛滿了小月亮。由此推知，作者對(duì)解決光污染的方法持中立態(tài)度。故選A。4.【2023屆福建省泉州市普通高三5月份適應(yīng)性練習(xí)】...Thelinkbetweenfeedingandsoundsdoesn’tapplytosmallertree-livingprimateslikemonkeys,arguesLameira,becausetheirsizeandtailsmakethemmorestableonbranchesandtheyeatdifferently.“Thisisaninterestingassumptionworthtesting,”saysChrisPetkovatNewcastleUniversity,thoughhequestionssomeaspects.Ashumansaren’ttree-living,theremustbeotherreasonswhyconsonantsremain,whichcouldbetestedbycharacterisingconsonant-likesoundsmoresystematicallyacrossspecies,hesays.15．WhatisChrisPetkov’sattitudetoAdrianoLameira’sassumption?A．Opposed. B．Puzzled. C．Confident. D．Cautious.【答案】15．D【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的““Thisisaninterestingassumptionworthtesting,”saysChrisPetkovatNewcastleUniversity,thoughhequestionssomeaspects.Ashumansaren’ttree-living,theremustbeotherreasonswhyconsonantsremain,whichcouldbetestedbycharacterisingconsonant-likesoundsmoresystematicallyacrossspecies,hesays.(“這是一個(gè)值得檢驗(yàn)的有趣假設(shè)，”Newcastle大學(xué)的ChrisPetkov說(shuō)，盡管他對(duì)某些方面提出了質(zhì)疑。他說(shuō)，由于人類(lèi)不是在樹(shù)上生活的，所以輔音保留下來(lái)一定有其他原因，這可以通過(guò)在不同物種之間更系統(tǒng)地描述類(lèi)似輔音的聲音來(lái)驗(yàn)證。)”可知，ChrisPetkov對(duì)AdrianoLameira的假設(shè)的態(tài)度是謹(jǐn)慎的，故選D。【命題點(diǎn)03寫(xiě)作意圖題】1.【2022·新高考I卷】Likemostofus,Itrytobemindfuloffoodthatgoestowaste.Thearugula(芝麻菜)wastomakeanicegreensalad,roundingoutaroastchickendinner.ButIendedupworkinglate.Thenfriendscalledwithadinnerinvitation.Istuckthechickeninthefreezer.Butasdayspassed,thearugulawentbad.Evenworse,Ihadunthinkinglyboughtwaytoomuch;IcouldhavemadesixsaladswithwhatIthrewout.Inaworldwherenearly800millionpeopleayeargohungry,“foodwastegoesagainstthemoralgrain,”asElizabethRoytewritesinthismonth’scoverstory.It’sjaw-droppinghowmuchperfectlygoodfoodisthrownaway—from“ugly”(butquiteeatable)vegetablesrejectedbygrocerstolargeamountsofuneatendishesthrownintorestaurantgarbagecans4.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoshowbytellingthearugulastory?A.Wepaylittleattentiontofoodwaste. B.Wewastefoodunintentionallyattimes.C.Wewastemorevegetablesthanmeat. D.Wehavegoodreasonsforwastingfood.【答案】4.B【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的“Likemostofus,Itrytobemindfuloffoodthatgoestowaste.(像我們大多數(shù)人一樣，我努力關(guān)注那些被浪費(fèi)的食物)”及“Butasdayspassed,thearugulawentbad.Evenworse,Ihadunthinkinglyboughtwaytoomuch;couldhavemadesixsaladswithwhatIthrewout.(但隨著時(shí)間的推移，芝麻菜變壞了。更糟糕的是，我不假思索地買(mǎi)了太多東西；我扔掉的東西可以做六份沙拉)”可推知，作者想通過(guò)講述芝麻菜的故事來(lái)表明我們有時(shí)會(huì)無(wú)意間浪費(fèi)食物。故選B。2.【2020·全國(guó)新高考I山東卷】Inthemid-1990s,TomBisselltaughtEnglishasavolunteerinUzbekistan.Heleftaftersevenmonths,physicallybrokenandhavinglosthismind.Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothecountry,hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea.Hisvisit,however,endedupinvolvingalotmorethanthat.Hencethisbook,ChasingtheSea:LostAmongtheGhostsofEmpireinCentralAsia,whichtalksaboutaroadtripfromTashkenttoKarakalpakstan,wheremillionsofliveshavebeendestroyedbytheslowdryingupofthesea.ItisthestoryofanAmericantravellingtoastrangeland,andofthepeoplehemeetsonhisway:Rustam,histranslator,alovely24-year-oldwhopickeduphiscolorfulEnglishinCalifornia,OlegandNatasha,hishostsinTashkent,andastringofforeignaidworkers.ThisisaquicklookatlifeinUzbekistan,madeoffriendlinessandwarmth,butalsoitsdarkersideofsociety.InSamarkand,MrBisselladmiresthearchitecturalwonders,whileonhiswaytoBukharahegetsatasteofpolicemethodswhensuspectedofdrugdealing.InFerghana,heattendsamountainfuneral(葬禮)followedbyastrangedrinkingparty.AndinKarakalpakstan,heissaddenedbytheduststorms,diseasesandfishingboatsstuckmilesfromthesea.MrBissellskillfullyorganizeshistoricalinsightsandculturalreferences,makinghistaleawell-roundedpictureofUzbekistan,seenfromWesterneyes.HisjudgmentandreferencesaredecidedlyAmerican,aswellashisdelicatestomach.Astheauthorexplains,thisisneitheratravelnorahistorybook,orevenapieceofreportage.Whateveritis,theresultisafineandvividdescriptionofthepurestofCentralAsiantraditions.11．Whatisthepurposeofthistext?A．Tointroduceabook. B．Toexplainaculturalphenomenon.C．Torememberawriter. D．Torecommendatraveldestination.【答案】11．A【解析】推理判斷題。文章第一段提到書(shū)的作者的烏茲別克斯坦之行，引出他寫(xiě)的書(shū)，接下來(lái)三段講述了他的書(shū)《追逐大海:迷失在中亞帝國(guó)的幽靈》的故事內(nèi)容，是烏茲別克斯坦生活的一個(gè)快速觀察。因此推斷本文的寫(xiě)作目的是介紹一本書(shū)。故選A。3.【2023屆福建省福州市普通高中畢業(yè)班5月質(zhì)量檢測(cè)】Duringthesummerof2021,BeverlyWaxhadanexperiencethatfilledherwithawe.Itwasthesightofherson,Justin,dragginga36-kilogramportableairconditionerupstairs.Beverly’scentralairconditioninghadstoppedworkinginthemiddleofa32℃heatwave.Shehadmentionedtohersonandhe’dshownupasasurprise.Asshewatchedhimsweatandstrugglewhilefixingit,shefeltawaveofgratitudeandappreciation.Aweisthatfeelingwegetwhensomethingissovastthatitstopsusinourtracks.Often,itchallengesorexpandsourthinking.Researchshowsthataweexperiencesdecreasestressandincreaseoverallsatisfaction.Itcanalsohelpourrelationships,makingusfeelmoresympatheticandlessgreedy,moresupportedbyandmorelikelytohelpothers.Mostofusassociateawewithsomethingrareandbeautiful:nature,musicoraspiritualexperience.Butpeoplecanbringaboutawe,andnotjustpublicheroes.Often,thisinterpersonalaweisaresponsetolife’sbig,sweepingchanges.Wecanbeawedbyournearestanddearest—thepeoplesittingnexttousonthesofa,orchattingonthephone.Butithappensinsmallermoments,too.JohnBargh,apsychologist,saidhewastrulyawestruckbyhisthen-five-year-olddaughter.Whensheheardanotherchildcrying,shegrabbedhertoy,walkedovertotheboyandhandedittohim.Unfortunately,wecan’tmakesomeoneelsebehaveinawaythat’sawesome.Butwecanprepareourselvestonoticeitwhentheydo—andtakestepstoboosttheemotion’spositiveeffects.4．WhydoesthewritertellBeverly’sstory?A．Toshowsympathyforher. B．Tociteanexampleofawe.C．Toexpressappreciationtoherson. D．Tostartadiscussionaboutawe.【答案】4．B【解析】4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Duringthesummerof2021,BeverlyWaxhadanexperiencethatfilledherwithawe.(在2021年的夏天，貝弗利·瓦克斯經(jīng)歷了一次讓她充滿敬畏的經(jīng)歷)”及第一段可推斷，作者講述貝弗莉的故事是為了舉一個(gè)敬畏的例子。故選B。4.【2023屆安徽省皖江聯(lián)盟高三最后一卷聯(lián)考】ComputersarecloselylinkedtoeducationtodayandtheInternetcanofferanyhelpyouwant.Butfornow,expertssay,don’tthrowawayyourbooks.ResearchersinSpanandIsraeltookacloselookat54studiescomparingdialandprintreading.Their2018studyinvolvedmorethan171,000readers.“Studentsoftenthinktheylearnmorefromreadingonline.Whentested,though,itturnsoutthattheyactuallyleamedlessthanwhenreadinginprint,”saystheresearcher.Readingisnotnatural,explainsMaryanneWolf,aneuroseientistwhospecializesinhowthebrainreads.Welearntotalkbylisteningtothosearoundus.It’sprettyautomatic.Butlearningtoreadtakesrealwork.It’sbecausethebrainhasnospecialnetworkofcellsjustforreading.Tounderstandtext,thebrainborrowsnetworksthatevolved(進(jìn)化)todootherthings.Thisissimilartohowyoumightadaptatoolforsomenewuse.Forexample,acoathangerisgreatforputtingyourclothesinthecloset.Butifablueberryrollsundertherefrigerator,youmightstraightenoutthecoathangeranduseittoreachunderthefridgeandpulloutthefruit.You’vetakenatoolmadeforonethingandadapteditforsomethingnew.That’swhatthebraindoeswhenyouread13．WhatisthewritingpurposeofParagraph2?A．Toshowwhatthebraintakestoread.B．Toillustratehowthebrainevolves.C．Tointroduceacoathanger’sfunctions.D．Tooutlinethefeaturesofreading.【答案】113．A【解析】13．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Readingisnotnatural,explainsMaryanneWolf,aneuroseientistwhospecializesinhowthebrainreads.Welearntotalkbylisteningtothosearoundus.It’sprettyautomatic.Butlearningtoreadtakesrealwork.It’sbecausethebrainhasnospecialnetworkofcellsjustforreading.”（專(zhuān)門(mén)研究大腦如何閱讀的神經(jīng)科學(xué)家瑪麗安·沃爾夫(MaryanneWolf)解釋說(shuō)，閱讀不是自然的。我們通過(guò)傾聽(tīng)周?chē)说穆曇魜?lái)學(xué)習(xí)說(shuō)話。這是相當(dāng)自動(dòng)的。但是學(xué)習(xí)閱讀需要真正的努力。這是因?yàn)榇竽X沒(méi)有專(zhuān)門(mén)用于閱讀的細(xì)胞網(wǎng)絡(luò)。）及“Forexample,acoathangerisgreatforputtingyourclothesinthecloset.Butifablueberryrollsundertherefrigerator,youmightstraightenoutthecoathangeranduseittoreachunderthefridgeandpulloutthefruit.You’vetakenatoolmadeforonethingandadapteditforsomethingnew.That’swhatthebraindoeswhenyouread.”（例如，衣架很適合把你的衣服放在壁櫥里。但如果藍(lán)莓在冰箱下面滾來(lái)滾去，你可以把衣架弄直，用它抵達(dá)到冰箱下面，把藍(lán)莓拉出來(lái)。你把一個(gè)為一件事而設(shè)計(jì)的工具改造成新的東西。當(dāng)你閱讀時(shí)，大腦就是這么做的。）可知，作者通過(guò)例舉拿衣架到冰箱里取藍(lán)莓的行為，給我們展示大腦閱讀的能力也是類(lèi)似的，即通過(guò)閱讀，我們可以了解更多的東西。故選A?！久}點(diǎn)04文章出處題和讀者對(duì)象題】1.【2019·全國(guó)I】Asdataandidentitytheftbecomesmoreandmorecommon,themarketisgrowingforbiometric(生物測(cè)量)technologies—likefingerprintscans—tokeepothersoutofprivatee-spaces.Atpresent,thesetechnologiesarestillexpensive,though.ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow-costdevice(裝置)thatgetsaroundthisproblem:asmartkeyboard.Thissmartkeyboardpreciselymeasuresthecadence(節(jié)奏)withwhichonetypesandthepressurefingersapplytoeachkey.Thekeyboardcouldofferastronglayerofsecuritybyanalyzingthingsliketheforceofauser'stypingandthetimebetweenkeypresses.Thesepatternsareuniquetoeachperson.Thus,thekeyboardcandeterminepeople'sidentities,andbyextension,whethertheyshouldbegivenaccesstothecomputerit'sconnectedto—regardlessofwhethersomeonegetsthepasswordright.Italsodoesn'trequireanewtypeoftechnologythatpeoplearen'talreadyfamiliarwith.Everybodyusesakeyboardandeverybodytypesdifferently.Inastudydescribingthetechnology,theresearchershad100volunteerstypetheword“touch”fourtimesusingthesmartkeyboard.Datacollectedfromthedevicecouldbeusedtorecognizedifferentparticipantsbasedonhowtheytyped,withverylowerrorrates.Theresearcherssaythatthekeyboardshouldbeprettystraightforwardtocommercializeandismostlymadeofinexpensive,plastic-likeparts.Theteamhopestomakeittomarketinthenearfuture.31.Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?A.Adiary. B.Aguidebook C.Anovel. D.Amagazine.【答案】31.D【解析】D推理判斷題。本文介紹了一種新的科技——智能鍵盤(pán)，它能給e-space用戶(hù)帶來(lái)安全，由此可知，本文是科技說(shuō)明文，結(jié)合所給選項(xiàng)可知，本文可能來(lái)自于一本科研雜志上。故選D。2.【2023屆福建省泉州市普通高三5月份適應(yīng)性練習(xí)】HavingstudiedJohnBerger’sWaysofSeeing,youwillwriteafourimageanalysisessayandinterpretwhatyou“see”whenyoustudythevisualtext.Yourfocusisnotsimplytodescribethevisualtextyou’reanalyzing,buttoexplaintothereaderstheargumentyoubelieveisproposedbythevisualtext.Context:Somevisualtextscanmotivate,persuadeand/orinfluence.Advertisements,politicalcartoons,artorcampaignpostersthatareconcernedwithsocialorpoliticalissuesareexamplesofthiscategoryofvisualtext.Wearesurroundedeverydaybyvisualargumentsorattemptsatpersuasion.Instructions:◆Selectavisualtextthatyoubelievepresentsanargumenttoitsviewers.◆Brieflystudythevisualtextyou’veselectedandunderlinethecentralargumentitsdesignersaretryingtomake.◆Analyzethedesignelementsusedandtheorganizationofthetextinordertodeterminesomeofthedecisionsthedesignerorartisthasmade.◆Usetheprocessof“observation/inference/evaluation”tocheckyouressayanddeterminethetoolsthedesignerorartistisusingtopersuadeyou.Schedule&DueDate:(Allworkisdueatthebeginningofclassonthedateslistedbelow;lateworkwillbedowngraded.)March1st:Selectthreevisualtextsforassignmentconsideration.March20th:Berger-typeddraftsdue/peer-editingworkshop.March22nd:afouressay,freewritewithimage&artsshowdue;Classpresentation(25%ofyourgrade).1．Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A．Atextbook. B．Anexampaper.C．Acourseassignment. D．Anacademicarticle.【答案】1．C【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“HavingstudiedJohnBerger’sWaysofSeeing,youwillwriteafourimageanalysisessayandinterpretwhatyou“see”whenyoustudythevisualtext.Yourfocusisnotsimplytodescribethevisualtextyou’reanalyzing,buttoexplaintothereaderstheargumentyoubelieveisproposedbythevisualtext.(在學(xué)習(xí)了JohnBerger的WaysofSeeing之后，你將寫(xiě)一篇四頁(yè)的圖像分析文章，并解釋當(dāng)你研究視覺(jué)文本時(shí)你“看到”了什么。你的重點(diǎn)不是簡(jiǎn)單地描述你正在分析的視覺(jué)文本，而是向讀者解釋你認(rèn)為視覺(jué)文本提出的論點(diǎn)。)”和Schedule&DueDate:部分的“Allworkisdueatthebeginningofclassonthedateslistedbelow;lateworkwillbedowngraded.(所有作業(yè)必須在下列日期上課前交；遲交的作業(yè)將被降級(jí)。)”可知，這是一篇作業(yè)要求，來(lái)自于課程作業(yè)，故選C。3.【2023屆黑龍江省齊齊哈爾市高三下學(xué)期三?！縏hehugestructuresofancientRomehavesurvivedforthousandsofyears—atestamenttotheabilitiesandwisdomofRomanengineers,whoperfectedtheuseofconcrete.ButhowdidtheirconstructionmaterialshelpkeepgrandbuildingslikethePantheon(萬(wàn)神殿)(whichhastheworld’slargestunreinforceddome)andtheColosseum(斗獸場(chǎng))standingformorethan2,000years?Romanconcrete,inmanycases,hasproventobelonger-lastingthanmodernconcrete,whichcanworsenwithindecades.Now,scientistsbehindanewstudysaytheyhaveuncoveredthemysteryingredientthatallowedtheRomanstomaketheirconstructionmaterialsodurableandbuildsplendidstructuresinchallengingplacessuchasdocks,sewersandearthquakezones.Thestudyteam,includingresearchersfromtheUnitedStates,ItalyandSwitzerland,analyzed2,000-year-oldconcretesamplesthatweretakenfromacitywallatthearchaeologicalsiteofPrivernum,incentralItaly,andaresimilarincompositiontootherconcretefoundthroughouttheRomanEmpire.Theyfoundthatwhitechunks(塊)intheconcrete,referredtoaslimeclasts(石灰碎屑),gavetheconcretetheabilitytohealcracksthatformedovertime.Thewhitechunkspreviouslyhadbeenoverlookedasevidenceofcarelessmixingorpoor-qualityrawmaterial.Thenewfindingcouldhelpmakemanufacturingtoday’sconcretemoresustainable,potentiallyshakingupsocietyastheRomansoncedid.“ConereteallowedtheRomanstohaveanarchitecturalrevolution,”Masicsaid,“Romanswereabletocreateandturnthecitiesintosomethingthatisextraordinaryandbeautifultolivein.Andthatrevolutionbasicallychangedcompletelythewayhumanslive.”11．Inwhichsectionofanewspapercanwefindthetext?A．Education. B．Travel. C．Science. D．Lifestyle.【答案】11．C【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章主要內(nèi)容“文章講述了科學(xué)家揭開(kāi)古羅馬建筑千年不衰的秘密?！币约瓣P(guān)鍵詞“Thestudyteam”和“Thenewfinding”等可以推測(cè)出文章出自報(bào)紙的科學(xué)板塊。故選C。4.【2023屆湖北省華中師范大學(xué)第一附屬中學(xué)高三下學(xué)期5月壓軸卷】Tenpercentoftheworld’sspeciesliveintheAmazonRainforest,includingsomeofthemostinterestinganduniquecreaturesonEarth.Notonlythat,butsomeAmazonnativespeciesdirectlybenefithumans.Ifyoulikechocolate,andcoffee,you’vebenefitedfromAmazonianplants.Evenmoreimportantly,theAmazonRainforestkeepsouraircleanandbreathable.Cognizantofitsgreatimpactontheplanet,activistsareworkingtostopdeforestation.Anewalgorithm(算法)thatpredictswhichareasareatmostriskofhabitatdestructiongivesAmazondefendersahandintheirf