2025屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)之閱讀理解“典型技巧”高效練典型技巧08觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度推理與確定含解析

典型技巧08觀點(diǎn)看法推理與確定【考情角度】考情分析這類試題常出現(xiàn)在環(huán)境愛護(hù)類說明文中，此類文章往往是現(xiàn)象類說明文，這樣的說明文主題句常位于首段首句。在閱讀文章時(shí)應(yīng)先確定說明文的依次和方法，再閱讀題干，結(jié)合題干要求在文中找尋答題線索，確定答案?？疾榻嵌瘸？疾橹髦即笠忸}、觀點(diǎn)看法題或?qū)懽饕鈭D題。【真題再現(xiàn)】(2024·全國卷Ⅰ·D)主題語境：環(huán)境愛護(hù)Wemaythinkwe'reaculturethatgetsridofoureq\a\vs4\al(worn)technologyatthefirstsightofsomethingshinyandnew,butanewstudyshowsthatwekeepusingourolddevices(裝置)wellaftertheygooutofstyle.That'sbadnewsfortheenvironment—andourwallets—astheseoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythantheneweronesthatdothesamethings.Tofigureouthowmuchpowerthesedevicesareusing,CallieBabbittandhercolleaguesattheRochesterInstituteofTechnologyinNewYorkeq\a\vs4\al(tracked)theenvironmentalcostsforeachproductthroughoutitslife—fromwhenitsmineralsareminedtowhenwestopusingthedevice.Thismethodprovidedareadoutforhowhomeenergyusehaseq\a\vs4\al(evolved)sincetheearly1990s.Deviceswereeq\a\vs4\al(grouped)bygeneration.Desktopcomputers,basicmobilephones,andbox-setTVsdefined1992.Digitalcamerasarrivedonthescenein1997.AndMP3players,smartphones,andLCDTVsenteredhomesin2002,beforetabletsande-readersshowedupin2007.Asweaccumulatedmoredevices,however,wedidn'tthrowoutouroldones.“Theliving-roomtelevisionisreplacedandgetseq\a\vs4\al(planted)inthekids'room,andsuddenlyoneday,youhaveaTVineveryroomofthehouse，”saidoneresearcher.Theaveragenumberofelectronicdevicesrosefromfourpereq\a\vs4\al(household)in1992to13in2007.We'renotjustkeepingtheseolddevices—wecontinuetousethem.AccordingtotheanalysisofBabbitt'steam,olddesktopeq\a\vs4\al(monitors)andboxTVswithcathoderaytubesaretheworstdeviceswiththeirenergyeq\a\vs4\al(consumption)andcontributiontogreenhousegasemissions(排放)morethaneq\a\vs4\al(doubling)duringthe1992to2007window.Sowhat'sthesolution(解決方案)?Theteam'sdataonlywentupto2007,buttheresearchersalsoexploredwhatwouldhappenifconsumersreplacedoldproductswithnewelectronicsthatservemorethanonefunction,suchasatabletforwordprocessingandTVviewing.Theyfoundthatmoreon-demandentertainmentviewingontabletsinsteadofTVsanddesktopcomputerscouldcutenergyconsumptionby44%.1.Whatdoestheauthoreq\a\vs4\al(thinkofnewdevices)？A.Theyareenvironment-friendly. B.Theyarenobetterthantheold.C.Theycostmoretouseathome. D.Theygooutofstylequickly.2.Whydideq\a\vs4\al(Babbitt'steamconducttheresearch)？A.Toreducethecostofminerals.B.Totestthelifecycleofaproduct.C.Toupdateconsumersonnewtechnology.D.Tofindoutelectricityconsumptionofthedevices.3.Whichofthefollowingusestheleastenergy?A.Thebox-setTV. B.Thetablet.C.TheLCDTV. D.Thedesktopcomputer.4.Whatdoesthetextsuggestpeopledoaboutoldelectronicdevices?A.Stopusingthem. B.Takethemapart.C.Upgradethem. D.Recyclethem.答案與解析：1.A2.D3.B4.A1.第一段最終一句提出舊設(shè)備比新設(shè)備更消耗實(shí)力，由此可知正確選項(xiàng)。2.其次段第一句就點(diǎn)出了該團(tuán)隊(duì)的探討目的。3.依據(jù)文章主旨(新設(shè)備消耗能源少)，結(jié)合尾段最終一句可知正確答案。4.依據(jù)主旨“新電子設(shè)備比舊電子設(shè)備環(huán)?！保Y(jié)合最終一段的解決方案，即可得出答案?！炯记舍屃x】分析措辭確定觀點(diǎn)看法?速讀首段查找主題句，確定說明對象as引導(dǎo)的從句是主題句，說明舊設(shè)備要比新設(shè)備更消耗能量。(可解第1題)?速讀全文查找說明依次和方法本文以提出現(xiàn)象→分析現(xiàn)象→提出解決方法的依次呈現(xiàn)。①第2段說明探討人員的探討目的和對電子產(chǎn)品的時(shí)代分類(可解第2題)②第3段說明探討人員對新舊電子產(chǎn)品耗能和溫室氣體排放的分析(可解第3題)?提出解決方法探討人員對利用新設(shè)備耗能的探究結(jié)果(可解第4題)?微技能觀點(diǎn)看法題定位相關(guān)表感情色調(diào)的詞語和句子，推斷作者觀點(diǎn)和看法【詞匯積累】evolvevi.&vt.逐步形成；漸漸演化householdn.家庭consumptionn.消耗；消費(fèi)outdatedadj.過時(shí)的groupvt.將……分類plantvt.穩(wěn)固地放置monitorn.顯示器，監(jiān)測儀trackvt.追蹤；記錄doublevi.加倍【技巧演練】（建議用時(shí)：45分鐘）1ModesteTraorehaslivedhiswholelifenearLakeWegnia,intheSahelareaofMali.Thelake’sfishhaveprovidedhimwithawaytoearnmoneytosupporthisextendedfamily.How-ever,becausehecan’tcatchenoughfishtofeedhisfamily,henowraisesfarmanimals.Butastemperaturesrise,evaporationincreases,makingthebodyofwatershrinks.StudieshavelinkedrisingtemperaturesonEarth’ssurfacetoclimatechange.Thelakeisshrinking,soarethechancesofhischildrenbecomingfishermen.“Ifthingsgoonlikethis,Idon’tthinkourchildrencanbecomefishermenlikeus.Theywillhavetochooseotherjobs,”the56-year-oldTraoresaid.“Duringtherainyseason,thereisalotofwaterbutassoonasit’sover,thereisnowaterleftinthelake.Wearefishermen.Idon’tthinkourchildrenwillbe,”hesaid.LakeWegniaisintheSahelregionofKoulikoro,around120kilometersnorthofMali’scapital,Bamako.Some12,000people,includingfishermenandfarmers,dependonitforfood,waterandemployment.Butthelakehasshrunkby20percentsince2024.TheUNexpectstemperaturestheretoincrease1.5timeshigherthantheaverageincreaseworldwide.UNofficialsnotethatthefloodingandaseverelackofrainfallcancauseproblemsintheSahel:Foodinsecurity,thefightoverfarmlandandthefastpopulationgrowthcanleadtoconflict.AidgroupisleadingtheEco-LacWegniaproject.Thegroupisworkingtoimprovewatermanagementandfighttheeffectsofglobalwarming.MoussaSavagodoisEco-LacWegnia’slocalrepresentative.Hesaysthatfailingtomakechangesquicklycanmeanthelakewilldisappearcompletelyinlessthan5years.PeopleintheruralareasWegniaandKononi-Sirakorohaveplanted56,000treesinthepasttwoyears.Andtheyarebettercontrollingtheirwaterbybuildingstonebarrierstohelpthesoilkeeptherainthatdoesfall.Theprogressandinternationalofficialsupportarenotenoughforthem,however.Moreandmorepeopleareturningtootheragriculture.1.HowdidTraoreworktosupporthisfamilyinthepast?A.Byfishing. B.Byraisingfarmanimals.C.Bytakingchargeofthelake. D.Byworkingasanenvironmentalist.2.WhateffectwillthecurrenttrendofthelakehaveaccordingtoTraore?A.Alotoffarmlandwillform.B.Therainyseasonwillendearly.C.Manyfishermenwillfleetheirhomes.D.Thelatergenerationwillchangetheircareers.3.WhichstatementdotheUNandAidgroupagreewith?A.Droughtandfloodwilldirectlycauseconflict.B.Reducingpopulationisawaytoprotectthelake.C.Watermanagementmakesnodifferencetothelake.D.Theriseintemperaturewillcausewaterresourceproblems.4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inthelastparagraphreferto?A.Thelocalofficials. B.TheAidgroupmembers.C.Thevillagers. D.Therepresentatives.【答案】1.A2.D3.D4.C【分析】本文是說明文。馬里不斷縮小的湖泊意味著漁民家庭的末日。隨著氣溫上升和蒸發(fā)的增加，水體萎縮導(dǎo)致湖泊漸漸縮小，漁民的孩子成為漁民的機(jī)會也在削減。1.細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段“Thelake’sfishhaveprovidedhimwithawaytoearnmoneytosupporthisextendedfamily.How-ever,becausehecan’tcatchenoughfishtofeedhisfamily,henowraisesfarmanimals.”（湖中的魚為他供應(yīng)了賺錢養(yǎng)家的途徑。然而，由于他捕不到足夠的魚來養(yǎng)活家人，他現(xiàn)在飼養(yǎng)農(nóng)場動物。）可知，在過去，Traore靠捕魚養(yǎng)家。故選A。2.推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段中“‘Ifthingsgoonlikethis,Idon’tthinkourchildrencanbecomefishermenlikeus.Theywillhavetochooseotherjobs,’he56-year-oldTraoresaid.”（“假如這樣下去，我想我們的孩子可能成為不了我們這樣的漁民了。他們將不得不選擇其他工作，”56歲的特拉奧雷說。）可知，下一代人將會選擇其他的職業(yè)。故選D。3.推理推斷題。依據(jù)第四段“UNofficialsnotethatthefloodingandaseverelackofrainfallcancauseproblemsintheSahel:Foodinsecurity,thefightoverfarmlandandthefastpopulationgrowthcanleadtoconflict.”（聯(lián)合國官員指出，洪水和嚴(yán)峻缺雨會給薩赫勒地區(qū)帶來問題：糧食擔(dān)心全、農(nóng)田爭奪和人口快速增長都可能導(dǎo)致沖突。）可知，可知溫度上升會導(dǎo)致水資源的問題。故選D。4.詞句揣測題。依據(jù)上文“PeopleintheruralareasWegniaandKononi-Sirakorohaveplanted56,000treesinthepasttwoyears.”（在Wegnia和Kononi-Sirakoro農(nóng)村地區(qū)的人們在過去兩年里種植了56000棵樹。）以及下文“Moreandmorepeopleareturningtootheragriculture.”（越來越多的人轉(zhuǎn)向其他農(nóng)業(yè)。）可知這里指的是這些村民通過建立石頭屏障來使土壤保持雨水，從而更好地限制水分。所以they指的是村民。故選C。2Boredomissomethingtoexperience.Ifkidsdon'tfigurethisoutearlyon,they'reinforanunpleasantsurprise.School,let'sfaceit,canbedullanditisn'tactuallytheteacher'sjobtoentertainaswellaseducate.-Inamuch-readstory,TheRelentlessnessofModemParenting,ClaireCainMillerreferredtoarecentstudythatfoundregardlessofclass,incomeorrace,parentsbelievedthat"childrenwhowereboredafterschoolshouldtakepartinextracurricularactivities,andthatparentswhowerebusyshouldstoptheirtaskanddrawwiththeirchildrenifasked."Parentspreparingforalongcarridearelikearmyofficersplanningacomplexlandmaneuver（(演習(xí))）withthehelpofgamesandmoviesplayedoniPadandsmartphones.Whatdidparentsinthe1970sdowhenkidswerebored?Nothing!Theyletthembreatheingasfumes.Andsinceitwasn'tactuallyforwearing,playwiththebrokensafetybelt.Ifyoucomplainedaboutbeingboredbackthen,youwerereallyaskingforit."Cleanyourroom,"youmightget.Wasthisfun?No.Wasithelpful?Yes.Becausethingshappenwhenyou'rebored.SomeofthemostboringjobsI'vehadwerealsothemostcreative.Whilecheckingoutfoodatthesupermarket,Iinventedstoriesaboutpeople'spurchases.Themanbuyingeggplantandasix-packofbeerat9p.m.:Whichwasthemust-getthingandwhichtheimpulsepurchase?Howdidmyformerfifth-gradeteacherfeelaboutmyobservingherweeklypurchaseofcookies?Theabilitytohandleboredom,notsurprisingly,isassociatedwiththeabilitytofocus.Researchhasshownthatpeoplewithattentiondisordersareparticularlypoorinhandlingboredom.It'sespeciallyimportantthatkidsgetboredandbeallowedtostayboredwhentheybeyoung.Itshouldn'tbeconsidered"aproblem"tobeavoidedorremovedbythehigher-ups,butinsteadsomethingkidshandleontheirown.We'vestoppedtrainingchildrentodothis.Ratherthanteachthemtounderstandmaterialthatisduller,teachersspendmoretimeinventingwaysto"attract"students.Butsurelyteachingchildrentostandboredomwillpreparethemforamorerealisticfuture.5.WhatisthefindingofthestudymentionedbyClaireCainMiller?A.Schoolkidsfindithardtostandboredom.B.Peoplearetoobusytodrawwiththeirkids.C.Extracurricularactivitiesaregainingpopularity.D.Parentsaretryingtheirbesttomaketheirkidshavefun.6.Whatdidparentsinthe1970susuallydowhenkidswereboredonalongcarride?A.Theyplayedwiththem.B.Theyleftthemalone.C.Theytoldthemaboutfamousmovies.D.Theyaskedthemtopayattentiontosafety.7.Whydoestheauthorshareherexperienceatthesupermarket?A.Toshowcustomers'purchasinghabits.B.Toshowwhatadifficultlifeshewasliving.C.Toshowboredomandjobsgohandinhand.D.Toshowthelinkbetweenboredomandcreativity.8.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Kidshaveenoughfun B.LifeisaboringjourneyC.Letkidsgetboredagain D.Turnboredomintoentertainment【答案】5.D6.B7.D8.C【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章通過講解并描述試驗(yàn)和自身經(jīng)驗(yàn)說明須要教會孩子們?nèi)淌軣o聊?！驹斀狻?.細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中的“childrenwhowereboredafterschoolshouldtakepartinextracurricularactivities,andthatparentswhowerebusyshouldstoptheirtaskanddrawwiththeirchildrenifasked”（放學(xué)后感到無聊的孩子應(yīng)當(dāng)參與課外活動，而勞碌的家長假如被要求，應(yīng)當(dāng)停下手中的工作，和孩子一起畫畫）可知，ClaireCainMiller提及的探討發(fā)覺父母盡他們最大的努力讓他們的孩子有樂趣。故選D。2.細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段其次句第三句“Whatdidparentsinthe1970sdowhenkidswerebored?Nothing!”（上世紀(jì)70年頭，當(dāng)孩子們無聊時(shí)，父母們會做什么?什么都不做!）可知，上世紀(jì)70年頭父母在孩子們無聊時(shí)不會管他們。故選B。3.推理推斷題。依據(jù)第四段第一句其次句“Becausethingshappenwhenyou'rebored.SomeofthemostboringjobsI'vehadwerealsothemostcreative.”（因?yàn)楫?dāng)你無聊的時(shí)候，事情就會發(fā)生。我所做過的一些最無聊的工作卻也是最有創(chuàng)建力的。）可知，作者共享自己在超市的經(jīng)驗(yàn)的目的是展示無聊和創(chuàng)建力之間的聯(lián)系。故選D。4.主旨大意題。依據(jù)最終一段最終兩句“Ratherthanteachthemtounderstandmaterialthatisduller,teachersspendmoretimeinventingwaysto"attract"students.Butsurelyteachingchildrentostandboredomwillpreparethemforamorerealisticfuture.”（老師們花更多的時(shí)間獨(dú)創(chuàng)方法來“吸引”學(xué)生，而不是教他們?nèi)ダ斫饽切┪锻老灥牟牧?。但毫無疑問，教會孩子們?nèi)淌軣o聊會讓他們?yōu)楦F(xiàn)實(shí)的將來做好打算。）可知，本文的主要意圖是提倡教會孩子們?nèi)淌軣o聊。所以短文的最佳標(biāo)題為“許孩子們感到無聊”。故選C。3U.S.cherries,watermelonsandsomeothersummertimefavoritesmaydependonwildbeesmorethanpreviouslythought.ManyfarmsintheUnitedStatesusemanagedhoneybeestopollinate(授粉)cropsandincreasethetotalamountofcrops,sometimestruckingbeehives(蜂箱)fromfarmtofarm.NowananalysisofsevencropsacrossNorthAmericashowsthatwildbeescanplayaroleincroppollinationtoo,evenonconventionalfarmswithmanagedhoneybees.Wildvolunteersaddatleast$1.5billionintotaltotheharvestforsixofthecrops,anewstudyestimates.“Tome,thebigsurprisewasthatwefoundsomanywildbeeseveninintenseproductionareaswheremuchoftheproduceintheUSAisgrown,saysRachaelWinfree,apollinationecologistatRutgersUniversityinNewBrunswick,N.J.Thatmeansthreatstowildbeescoulddepleteprofitsevenwhenfarmsraisehoneybees,theresearchersreportedonJuly29inProceedingsoftheRoyalSociety.Bothhoneybees,whicharen’tnativetotheUnitedStates,andwildpollinatorssuchasbumblebeesfacedangersincludingpesticides(殺蟲劑).Toseewhat,ifanything,wildnativebeespeciescontribute,researcherscheckedbeevisitstoflowersat131commercialfarmfieldsacrosstheUnitedStatesandpartofCanada.Ontheotherhand,theresearchersalsocalculatedtowhatextentthenumberofbeevisitslimitedproduction.Theseintensivefarmswithplentyoffertilizer,waterandotherresourcesoftenshowedsignsofreachingapollinatorlimit,meaningfieldsdidn’thaveenoughhoneybeestogetthemaximumproduction,andvolunteerwildbeeswereaddingtothetotal.Thentheteamestimatedwhatpercentageoftheproductionnativebeeswereadding—versusjustdoingwhathoneybeeswouldhavedoneanyway.“Wildbeesdon’tseemtohelpCalifornia’sorchards(果園)，butbasedonorchardsinMichiganandPennsylvania,some$1.06billionofapplesdependsonnativepollinators,”theresearcherssay.Watermelons,particularlyinFlorida,getanestimated$146millionbenefit,andsweetcherries$145million.9.Whyarethewildbeesimportanttothecropsaccordingtothetext?A.Ithelpstopollinateandimprovethecropsoutput.B.Itishelpfultoraisemanagedhoneybees.C.Itishelpfultomaintainhealthyecosystem.D.Ithelpstoprotectnativebeespecies.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“deplete”inparagraph4mean?A.Pursue. B.Make. C.Keep. D.Reduce.11.Whydidresearcherscheckbeevisitstoflowers?A.Toworkoutthenumberofwildnativebees.B.Tomakeitclearwhyfieldsdon’thaveenoughbees.C.Toshowhowimportantthemanagedbeesaretointensivefarms.D.Tofigureoutwhatwildnativebeesbenefitfarmoutput.12.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.Todrawpeople’sattentiontofarmoutput.B.Todiscusswhybeescanincreasetheharvest.C.Toshowwildbeesmaycontributetothecropharvest.D.Tointroducehowhoneybeesandwildbeespollinatecrops.【答案】9.A10.D11.D12.C【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了探討人員通過探討野蜂對農(nóng)作物授粉和提高作物產(chǎn)量方面的信息，試圖找出野蜂是否對農(nóng)作物收成有貢獻(xiàn)。9.細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中“NowananalysisofsevencropsacrossNorthAmericashowsthatwildbeescanplayaroleincroppollinationtoo,evenonconventionalfarmswithmanagedhoneybees.Wildvolunteersaddatleast$1.5billionintotaltotheharvestforsixofthecrops,anewstudyestimates.（現(xiàn)在，一項(xiàng)對北美七種作物的分析顯示，野蜜蜂也能在作物授粉中發(fā)揮作用，即使是在有管理蜜蜂的傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)場。一項(xiàng)新的探討估計(jì)，它們?yōu)榱N作物的收成至少增加了15億美元。）”可知，野蜂對農(nóng)作物很重要，因?yàn)樗兄谑诜酆吞岣咦魑锂a(chǎn)量。故選A項(xiàng)。10.詞句揣測題。其次段說一項(xiàng)對北美七種作物的分析顯示，野蜜蜂也能在作物授粉中發(fā)揮作用，即使是在有管理蜜蜂的傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)場。一項(xiàng)新的探討估計(jì)，它們?yōu)榱N作物的收成至少增加了15億美元，再依據(jù)畫線詞后的“Bothhoneybees,whicharen’tnativetotheUnitedStates,andwildpollinatorssuchasbumblebeesfacedangersincludingpesticides(殺蟲劑).”可知，非美國本土的蜜蜂和大黃蜂等野生授粉者都面臨著包括殺蟲劑在內(nèi)的危急，由講解并描述非美國本土的蜜蜂和野生傳粉者面臨殺蟲劑在內(nèi)的危急，這種威逼自然會削減利潤，由此可知畫線詞詞義為為“削減，消耗”。故選D項(xiàng)。11.細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第五段中“Toseewhat,ifanything,wildnativebeespeciescontribute,researcherscheckedbeevisitstoflowersat131commercialfarmfieldsacrosstheUnitedStatesandpartofCanada.（為了了解野生本土蜜蜂是否有貢獻(xiàn)，探討人員在美國和加拿大部分地區(qū)的131個(gè)商業(yè)農(nóng)場中檢查了蜜蜂到訪花卉的狀況。）”可知，探討人員要檢查蜜蜂到訪花叢的狀況，是想找出野生本地蜜蜂對農(nóng)場產(chǎn)出有什么好處。故選D項(xiàng)。12.推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段中“NowananalysisofsevencropsacrossNorthAmericashowsthatwildbeescanplayaroleincroppollinationtoo,evenonconventionalfarmswithmanagedhoneybees.Wildvolunteersaddatleast$1.5billionintotaltotheharvestforsixofthecrops,anewstudyestimates.（現(xiàn)在，一項(xiàng)對北美7種作物的分析顯示，野蜜蜂也能在作物授粉中發(fā)揮作用，即使是在有管理蜜蜂的傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)場。一項(xiàng)新的探討估計(jì)，它們?yōu)榱N作物的收獲至少增加了15億美元。）可知，文章介紹了探討人員通過探討野蜂對農(nóng)作物授粉和提高作物產(chǎn)量方面的信息，試圖找出野蜂是否對農(nóng)作物收成有貢獻(xiàn)，因此文章的目的是展示野蜂可能對農(nóng)作物收成有貢獻(xiàn)。故選C項(xiàng)。4Overthelast25years,psychologistshavefoundthatpersonalitiescenteronfivebasictraits(特性)—theBigFive:agreeableness,conscientiousness(責(zé)任心),neuroticism,extroversionandopenness.Contrarytocommonbelief,peoplejustaren’torganizedintocertainpersonalitytypes.Everytraitisacontinuousdimensionandeveryonecanbedescribedashavingvaryinglevelsofeachtrait.AnewresearchhasalsofoundanimalsfromantstoapesallhavetheBigFiveandthattheuniversalityofpersonalitypointstoanevolutionary(進(jìn)化)origin.Animalsandhumanshavecommonproblemsofsurvival,whicharespelledoutbeautifullyintheBigFive,andthat’swhythere’ssomuchcontinuityinhumanpersonalityandanimalpersonality.Forexample,conscientiousnessinvolvesbehaviorslikeplanningandconsideration,whichareimportantamonganimalsfortakingcareoftheiryoung,selectingmatesandlivingingroups.Beingneatandorderly—aspectsofconscientiousness-alsohasevolutionarysuperiority.Beesthatliketokeepcleanandremovemoredeadgroupmembersreduceriskofdisease,gainmoreweightandreproducemoreSpidersthatmaketidywebscatchmoreinsects.Birdsthatbuildneaterandsolidernestsattractmoremates.Thesebehaviorsmayseemprimitive,butthey’reneverthelessindicationsofpersonality.Personalityistheexpressionofallofthebehaviorsthathumansandanimalsexhibitthatallowthemtofunctionadaptivelyintheworld.Evolutioncanalsoexplainwhypersonalitiesvarysomuch.Dependingonthesituation,eachoftheBigFivecanbeadvantageous.Forexample,agreeablenessisgreatforrelationships.Butifalionwerechargingatyou,you’dbebetteroffwithalessagreeableandmoreaggressivepersonality.Becausetheworldissounpredictable,everyaspectofeachpersonalitytraitcouldbeusefulatdifferenttimes,soinsteadofevolvingasingletypeofpersonalitythat’sbestforeverysituation,we’releftwithawidevariety.13.Whatdopeoplegenerallythinkaboutpersonalitytypes?A.Differentpersonalitytypeshaverespectivestrengths.B.Everyonefallsintoaparticularpersonalitytype.C.Peoplewithcommonpersonalitytypesgather,D.Everyonehasmixedpersonalitytypes.14.What’sthepurposeofmentioningsomeanimalsinParagraph2?A.Toillustratetheadvantagesofbeingconscientious.B.Toanalyzesurvivalchancesofcooperativeanimal