人教版英語(yǔ)八年級(jí)下冊(cè) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)講解及練習(xí)

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)一、構(gòu)成助動(dòng)詞have/has+過(guò)去分詞例:肯定句Ihaveworked.Hehasworked.否定句Ihavenot(haven't)worked.Hehasnot(hasn't)worked.疑問(wèn)句Haveyouworked?Hasheworked?回答Yes，Ihave./No,Ihaven't.Yes,hehas./No,hehasn't.二、功能及意義表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響，但沒(méi)有具體的過(guò)去時(shí)間修飾。常由下列副詞修飾：ever曾經(jīng)，never從不，already已經(jīng)，yet還（未），（yet只用在否定句和疑問(wèn)句中），just剛剛，recently，lately近來(lái)，sofar迄今為止=untilnow,uptonow，before以前例：HaveyoueverbeentotheGreatWall?你曾經(jīng)去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城嗎？Ihaveneverheardofsuchaman.我從沒(méi)有聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)那個(gè)人。Wehavejusthadlunch我們剛剛吃過(guò)午飯。Ihavealreadyreturnedyourmoney.我已經(jīng)把錢(qián)還給你了。Ihaven'tfoundmybookyet.（否）我還沒(méi)有找到筆記本。Haveyoudoneyourhomeworkyet?（疑）你做作業(yè)了嗎？Haveyouheardfromhimrecently?你最近收到他的來(lái)信了嗎？Sofar,noonehasmadeanymistakesyet.迄今為止還沒(méi)有人犯錯(cuò)誤Ihavenevertraveledbyplanebefore.我以前從來(lái)沒(méi)有乘飛機(jī)旅行過(guò)。2表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在剛剛結(jié)束或者仍在繼續(xù)。常常與下列時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用：→for+一段時(shí)間IhavelearnedEnglishfor8years.→since+過(guò)去的一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)IhavelearnedEnglishsince2001.→since+一段時(shí)間+agoIhavelearnedEnglishsince8yearsago.→since+時(shí)態(tài)為一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句IhavelearnedEnglishsinceIwas5yearsold.→inthepast/last+時(shí)間段WehavehadtwoEnglishexamsinthepasttwomonths.近兩個(gè)月來(lái)我們進(jìn)行了2次英語(yǔ)考試。Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometowninthepasttenyears.近十年來(lái)我的家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。三、延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與短暫性動(dòng)詞的用法現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中，與一段時(shí)間連用時(shí)應(yīng)注意句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不可和一段時(shí)間連用。非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))leave

離開(kāi)be

away

frombuy買(mǎi)haveborrow借keepbegin/start開(kāi)始be

ongo去be

therejoin加入be

in非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))arrive

in/at/get

to/reach到達(dá)be

incatch

a

cold感冒have

a

colddie死be

deadfall

asleep熟睡be

asleepfinish完成be

overcome

back回來(lái)be

backmarry結(jié)婚be

married我離開(kāi)這所學(xué)校已經(jīng)八年了。Ihaveleftthisschoolforeightyears（×）他借用我的詞典已經(jīng)兩天了Hehasborrowedmydictionaryfortwodays（×）非延續(xù)動(dòng)詞與一段時(shí)間連用時(shí)，可做相應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)化Ihavebeenawayfromthisschoolforeightyears（√）Hehaskeptmydictionaryfortwodays（√）拓展：MissGaoleftanhourago.=MissGaohasbeenawayforanhour.=MissGaohasbeenawaysinceanhourago.

=IthasbeenanhoursinceMissGaoleft.四、區(qū)分havebeento+地點(diǎn);表示去過(guò)某個(gè)地方（已經(jīng)回來(lái)），常與ever,never,幾次，等連用havegoneto+地點(diǎn):表示到地方去了（還沒(méi)回來(lái)）havebeenin+地點(diǎn)：表示到了某個(gè)地方（多久了），常與for+段時(shí)間連用比較：HehasbeentoChinatwice(曾經(jīng)去過(guò),現(xiàn)在不在中國(guó)）HehasgonetoChina他到中國(guó)去了.（他可能已在去中國(guó)的路上，或已到中國(guó)，總之，現(xiàn)在不在這里）HehasbeeninChinafortwoyears(他到中國(guó)已經(jīng)兩年了）五、對(duì)完成時(shí)的提問(wèn)用howlong.....?不能用when...?六、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常用句型1.Itisthefirst/secondtime....that....結(jié)構(gòu)中的從句部分，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)ItisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedthecity.這是我第一次參觀這座城市。Itisthethirdtimethattheboyhasbeenlate.這是這個(gè)男生第三次遲到了。2.Thisisthe...that..結(jié)構(gòu)，that從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)ThisisthebestfilmthatI've(ever)seen.這是我看過(guò)的最好的電影。ThisisthefirsttimethatI'veheardhimsing.這是我第一次聽(tīng)他唱歌。3.Ithasbeen+時(shí)間段+since...Ithasbeen5yearssincewelastmet.自從上一次我們相遇到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)是五年了。Ithasbeen3monthssincethemandied.那人死去3個(gè)月了。4.一段時(shí)間+完成時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)+since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句TwoyearshaspassedsinceIcamehere.七、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況，所以它不能和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如yesterday,lastnight,threeweeksago,in1998等。而一般過(guò)去時(shí)只表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生聯(lián)系，它可以和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用Ihaveseenthefilm.我看過(guò)這部電影。（我了解這部電影的內(nèi)容）Isawthefilmlastweek.我上周看了這部電影。（只說(shuō)明上星期）課后練習(xí)：（每空一詞）1.----you(clean)theroom?----Yes,we(do)thatalready.----When_______you______(do)it?----We_______(do)itanhourago.2.----______he______(see)thisfilmyet?----Yes，hehas.----When_____he_____(see)it?------He______itlastweek.3.Howmanytimes_____you______(be)there?4.I(read)thenoveltwice.It’sinteresting.5.----She(go)toPairs,hasn’tshe?----Yes.----How______she_______(go)there?-----She_______(go)therebyair.6.Sofar,manycountries(develop)heirsoftwareprograms繼承人軟件程序.7.MrChen(give)upsmokinglastyear.8.MrChen(give)upsmokingsincelastyear.選用for和since填空:Wehaven’tseeneachother______alongtime.2.HisfatherhasbeenintheParty______10yearsago.3.Thefilmhasbeenon______20minutes.4.MrGreenhasworkedhere______hecametoChina.5.Hisgrandparentshavebeendead______severalyears.6.It’sfiveyears_______wemetlasttime.用have(has)beento,have(has)goneto,have(has)beenin填空。1.Mikeandhisparents__________thenorthforhalfayear.2.Mumisnotathomenow.She_________theshop.3.----______youever_____toKunming?----Never.4.Where_____you______thesedays?5.----HasJimarrivedyet?----Yes,he_______hereforseveraldays.6.---WhereisPeter?----Idon’tknowwherehe________.7.Hi,Jim!Where_____you_____?LiLeiislookingforyou.用“never,ever,already,just,yet,for,since”填空。1.IhavelearnedEnglish8yearsago.2.Jackhas______finishedhishomework.3.Mr.Wanghastaughtinthisschool________tenyears.4.---Haveyou________seenthefilm?---No,Ihave________seenit.5.---Hasthebusleft_______?---Yes,ithas______left.根據(jù)要求改寫(xiě)句子.1.IhavebeentoMacaubefore.(改為否定句)I____________beentoMacaubefore.2.Hehasn’tcometoschool

becausehewasill.(就劃線(xiàn)部分提問(wèn))_____________hecometoschool?3.Iboughtanewbikejustnow.(用just改寫(xiě))Ijustanewbike.4.WebegantolearnEnglishthree