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考點(diǎn)03動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)(核心考點(diǎn)精講精練)【近年真題考點(diǎn)分布】高考考點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法填空之動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)2023上海秋考Onceuponatime,intheheartofAfrica,therewasakingwho(2l)__________(know)forhiswisdomandcourage,HisnamewasMosi,meaning"smoke"inhisnativetongue.【答案】21.wasknown【詳解】21.wasknown【解析】考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),此句為therebe句型,主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是was。Who..andcourage為who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,空格處為從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,此處意為!“被人們所知道”,beknownfor意為“因……而出名”,而且主句中的謂語(yǔ)為一般過(guò)去時(shí),所以應(yīng)該填wasknown。2023上海春考Asthename(26)__________(imply),Advisersaretheretoadvise:theydonotrunthecompanies.Normally,threeAdvisers-oneonaccountancy,oneonproductionandoneonmarketing,(27)__________(be)availabletoeachcompany.YoungEnterprisemakesitarulethattheAdvisersmustcomefromavarietyofbusinessoccupations.【答案】26.implies27.are/willbe/havebeen【解析】26.implies考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和語(yǔ)境,這里用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式"implies",表示"意味著"。根據(jù)原文句子結(jié)構(gòu)和語(yǔ)境判斷。27.are/willbe/havebeen考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu),主語(yǔ)threeAdvisers后面的破折號(hào)是解釋說(shuō)明,判定空格處動(dòng)詞be是句子的謂語(yǔ)部分,再結(jié)合句意可知此處為主系表結(jié)構(gòu),而且“beavailableto”表示“可用于……,……可利用或得到的”,Advisers是復(fù)數(shù),故填入are/willbe/havebeen。句意:通常,每家公司都有三名顧問(wèn),一名會(huì)計(jì)顧問(wèn)、一名生產(chǎn)顧問(wèn)和一名營(yíng)銷(xiāo)顧問(wèn)。2022上海秋考Question:Howwouldyoudescribeanentrepreneur?Answer:Anindividualwhoestablishesandexpandstheirowncompanythroughinnovativestrategies(23)______(know)asanentrepreneurDuringtheexpansionoftheircompanies,entrepreneursareresponsibleforseveralimportanttasksinadditiontocashgeneration.Anentrepreneurperceivesacommercialneedintheirsociety,(24)________(develop)anideaforabusiness,andthentakestheinitiativetostarttheirfirm..........【答案】23isknown24develops【解析】23.isknown【解析】考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)。結(jié)合問(wèn)題"HowWouldYouDescribeAnEntrepreneur?(你如何描述企業(yè)家?)"可知這個(gè)回答是在為企業(yè)家下定義,此處應(yīng)為固定搭配“beknownas”(被稱(chēng)為:被認(rèn)為是...),根據(jù)“Anindividual"可知此處的be動(dòng)詞是單數(shù)的,文章的時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),而且根據(jù)句子主語(yǔ)individual后的who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,空格處的動(dòng)詞為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。故填入isknown。句意:通過(guò)創(chuàng)新戰(zhàn)略建立并擴(kuò)大自己公司的人被稱(chēng)為企業(yè)家。24.develops【解析】考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。此句的主語(yǔ)是Anentrepreneur,該空是一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,且與前面的perceives并列,時(shí)態(tài)還是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),故填入develops。句意:企業(yè)家在他們的社會(huì)中發(fā)現(xiàn)了商業(yè)需求,發(fā)展出了一個(gè)商業(yè)想法,然后主動(dòng)創(chuàng)辦了自己的公司。此空的陷陰主譜后面的空格處動(dòng)詞,慣性思維理解為非謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)。實(shí)際這個(gè)句子看完才發(fā)現(xiàn)是并列謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)。此題的失分較多,很多同學(xué)們會(huì)填寫(xiě)developing:事實(shí)上是develops。2022上海春考Butin1859,somethinghappenedinthesun-averylargestorm-anditmovedtheauroraacrossthemiddleoftheearth.Wedonotthinkthathiseverhappenedbefore1859,andweknowthatit(24)________(nothappen)sincethen.【答案】24,hasnothappened【解析】24.hasnothappened[解析]考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定結(jié)構(gòu)。此處的賓語(yǔ)從句缺謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,結(jié)合“since”可知此處的時(shí)態(tài)為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),故填入hasnothappened。句意:我們不認(rèn)為這種情況在1859年以前發(fā)生過(guò),我們知道從那以后也沒(méi)有發(fā)生過(guò)?!舅季S導(dǎo)圖】動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的知識(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)(以動(dòng)詞do為例)現(xiàn)在時(shí)過(guò)去時(shí)將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)一般時(shí)do/doesdidshall/willdoshould/woulddo進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/aredoingwas/weredoingshall/willbedoingshould/wouldbedoing完成時(shí)have/hasdidhaddidshall/willhavedidshould/wouldhavedid完成進(jìn)行時(shí)have/hasbeendoinghadbeendoingshall/willhavebeendoingshould/wouldhavebeendoing【知識(shí)梳理】(備注:以下梳理高中時(shí)態(tài)為主)考點(diǎn)一:將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻或某一時(shí)段正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,常與一些標(biāo)志性的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,如:atthistimetomorrow,bythen,from1:30to4:30tomorrow等。其構(gòu)成為:will/shallbee+現(xiàn)在分詞Janecan'tattendthemeetingat3o'clockthisafternoonbecauseshewillbeteachingaclassatthattime.簡(jiǎn)不能參加今天下午三點(diǎn)的會(huì)議了,因?yàn)樗莻€(gè)時(shí)間在授課??键c(diǎn)二:現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)一、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成對(duì)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)要求學(xué)生掌握的是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。其構(gòu)成為:have/hasbeen+現(xiàn)在分詞。二、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法(1)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻之前開(kāi)始的動(dòng)作或產(chǎn)生的狀態(tài)一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,并有可能繼續(xù)下去,常見(jiàn)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):allthismorning,thismonth,thesefewdays,since和for引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句等?!狤xcuseme,whichmovieareyouwaitingfor?——打擾了,你們?cè)诘戎茨牟侩娪澳??—ThenewStarWars.Wehavebeenwaitinghereformorethantwohours.——新版的《星球大戰(zhàn)》,我們?cè)谶@兒等了兩個(gè)多小時(shí)了。(2)所表示的動(dòng)作有時(shí)并不是一直在不停地進(jìn)行,而是在斷斷續(xù)續(xù)地重復(fù)。Thestudentshavebeenworkinghardontheirlessonsandtheireffortswillberewardedwithsuccessintheend.學(xué)生們一直在努力學(xué)習(xí)功課,他們的付出最終會(huì)收獲成功的??键c(diǎn)三:將來(lái)完成時(shí)將來(lái)完成時(shí)用來(lái)表示在將來(lái)某一時(shí)間以前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或一直持續(xù)的動(dòng)作。經(jīng)常與“before+將來(lái)時(shí)間或“by+將來(lái)時(shí)間”連用,也可與before或bythetime引導(dǎo)的現(xiàn)在時(shí)的從句連用。其構(gòu)成為:will/shall+have+過(guò)去分詞。Thechildrenwillhavegonetosleepbythetimewegethome.到我們回家時(shí),孩子們將已睡了。Whenyoucometonightateighto'clock,Ishallhavewrittenmypaper.你今晚八點(diǎn)鐘來(lái)時(shí),我將會(huì)寫(xiě)完文章了BynextyearourteacherwillhavetaughtEnglishfortwentyyears.到明年我們的老師將已教二十年英語(yǔ)了。備注1:其他表示“將來(lái)”的結(jié)構(gòu)及用法(1)“begoingto+動(dòng)詞原形”表示按計(jì)劃、打算要做某事或根據(jù)某種跡象預(yù)示著要發(fā)生某事。Look,darkcloudsaregathering.Itisgoingtorainsoon,Ithink.瞧,烏云正在聚集,我想快要下雨了。Whetherinthehomeortheworkplace,socialrobotsaregoingtobecomealotmorecommoninthenextfewyears.無(wú)論是在家里還是在工作場(chǎng)所,在未來(lái)的幾年里社交機(jī)器人將會(huì)變得越來(lái)越普遍。(2)“beto+動(dòng)詞原形”表示按計(jì)劃、約定或按職責(zé)、義務(wù)必須做的事或即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。Youaretohandinyourpapersby10o'clock.到10點(diǎn)你得交上試卷。(3)“beaboutto+動(dòng)詞原形”表示正要或即將要做某事,該結(jié)構(gòu)不與表示具體的將來(lái)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。Tomwasabouttoclosethewindowswhenhisattentionwascaughtbyabird.湯姆正要關(guān)上窗戶(hù),就在這時(shí)一只鳥(niǎo)引起了他的注意。備注2:常使用完成時(shí)的句型(1)This/It/Thatisthefirst/...time+thatsb.has/havedone;This/It/Thatwasthefirst/...time+thatsb.haddone這是某人第幾次做某事。(2)It(This)is/wasthe+最高級(jí)+名詞+(that)定語(yǔ)從句,從句中的謂語(yǔ)用完成時(shí)。(3)Itis/hasbeen+一段時(shí)間+sincesb.did;Itwas/hadbeen+一段時(shí)間+sincesb.haddonesth.自從……以來(lái)多久了。(4)hardly(scarcely)...when.../nosooner...than...(一……就……)主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí),從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。Hardly/NosoonerhadIgothomewhen/thantherainpoureddown.我剛到家,大雨就傾盆而下。Itwastenyearssincewehadhadsuchawonderfultime.我們有10年沒(méi)那么高興過(guò)了。(2024年閔行區(qū)一模)Theresearcherstookrecordingsfromacross43sitesintheEcuadoreanRainforest(厄瓜多爾雨林).Somesiteswererelativelyprimitive,old-growthforests.Otherswereareasthat____4____(clear)forpasture(牧場(chǎng))already.【答案】4.hadbeencleared【4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意:其他地區(qū)已經(jīng)被開(kāi)墾為牧場(chǎng)。分析句子可知,空格處應(yīng)填入謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)上文,“開(kāi)墾”這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在tookrecordings之前,故此處應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。主語(yǔ)
areas與動(dòng)詞clear是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,故用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故填hadbeencleared。(2024年虹口區(qū)一模)Butyourcatmaybelisteningafterall.Morethanthat,it___2___(care)morethanyoumaythink.Atfirst,therewasconcernfromDr.deMouzonandherteamforlackofreactionfromthecats,butuponanalysisofthefilmrecordings,delicatereactions___8___(notice).【答案】2.cares8.werenoticed【2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:不僅如此,它比你想象的更重要。描述一般事實(shí)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),主語(yǔ)it是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),故填cares?!?題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意:一開(kāi)始,deMouzon博士和她的團(tuán)隊(duì)擔(dān)心貓沒(méi)有反應(yīng),但在對(duì)錄像進(jìn)行分析后,他們注意到了微妙的反應(yīng)。分析句子可知,notice作謂語(yǔ),與主語(yǔ)reactions是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),描述過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情用一般過(guò)去時(shí),主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù),故填werenoticed。(2024年金山區(qū)一模)Butoccasionally,I___23___(remind)howpowerfulatoolitalwaysis.Itremainsunparalleledinitsoriginal,uncommercializedmission___24___(serve)asaconnectorofpeopleandafacilitatoroffriendship.I’mthinkingaboutthisafterhavingjustreturnedfrombreakfastwithmyfriend,Rob.I___25___(notsee)himsinceIwas16.【答案】23.amreminded24.toserve25.haven’tseen【23題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:但偶爾,我會(huì)想起它一直是一個(gè)多么強(qiáng)大的工具。根據(jù)句中的occasionally可知,這里表示習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。主語(yǔ)I和remind之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),且主語(yǔ)為I,所以be動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用am。故填amreminded?!?5題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:我從16歲起就沒(méi)見(jiàn)過(guò)他。根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句“sinceIwas16”可知,這里應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),故填haven’tseen。(2024年崇明一模)Newdatafromascientific“accident”hassuggestedthatlifemayactuallyflashbeforeoureyesaswedie.Ateamofscientistssetouttomeasurethebrainwavesofan87-year-oldpatientwho___21___(develop)epilepsy(癲癇)formanyyears.Butduringtheneurological(神經(jīng)學(xué)的)recording,hesufferedafatalheartattack,.........DrAjmalZemmar,aco-authorofthestudy,saidthatwhattheteam,thenbasedinVancouver,Canada,accidentallygot,___24___(consider)thefirst-everrecordingofadyingbrain.【答案】21.haddeveloped24.wasconsidered【21題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:一組科學(xué)家開(kāi)始測(cè)量一名患有癲癇多年的87歲患者的腦電波。根據(jù)句中set以及后句中suffered可知,本句使用一般過(guò)去時(shí),分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,who引導(dǎo)修飾先行詞patient的定語(yǔ)從句,并在句中作主語(yǔ),空處作謂語(yǔ),且develop發(fā)生在setout之前,為“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”,故用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。故填haddeveloped?!?4題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:該研究的合著者AjmalZemmar博士說(shuō),當(dāng)時(shí)駐扎在加拿大溫哥華的研究小組意外得到的東西被認(rèn)為是有史以來(lái)第一份關(guān)于垂死的大腦的記錄。根據(jù)句中said可知,空處應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí),分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,在that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中,whattheteam,thenbasedinVancouver,Canada,accidentallygot作主語(yǔ),空處應(yīng)作謂語(yǔ),且與句子主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系,應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),從句在句中作主語(yǔ),be動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用was。故填wasconsidered。(2023·上海浦東新·統(tǒng)考二模)EmilyDobekisaseventh-gradedatEastPrairieElementarySchool.Recentlyshe___11___(win)anationalprizebydesigningaspacestationfortravellingtoMars.【答案】11.haswon11.考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:最近,她設(shè)計(jì)了一個(gè)前往火星的空間站,獲得了國(guó)家獎(jiǎng)。根據(jù)Recently可知為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),主語(yǔ)為she,助動(dòng)詞用has。故填haswon。(2023·上海寶山·統(tǒng)考二模)Onsocialmedia,it’spossibletoremainanonymous(匿名的)evenafteryou___38___(start)buildingarelationshipwithsomeone.【答案】38.havestarted38.考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意:在社交媒體上,即使你已經(jīng)開(kāi)始與某人建立關(guān)系,你也可以保持匿名。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,本句是after引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句,從句中缺少謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,所以start作本句謂語(yǔ),主語(yǔ)是you,兩者是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,根據(jù)句意,強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去對(duì)造成的影響,用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。故填havestarted。(2023·上海松江·統(tǒng)考二模)Mostimportantly,stretchingdoesn’trequiremoney.There___43___(be)plentyofexerciseappsforyoutobuyorsubscribeto,andtheyallhaveguidingroutines.I____50____(stretch)rightbeforebedsincelastyearandhavefoundthatIalwayssleepbetteronthenightsthatIdoit.【答案】43.a(chǎn)re/havebeen50.havestretched/havebeenstretching43.考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:你可以購(gòu)買(mǎi)或訂閱很多鍛煉應(yīng)用程序,它們都有指導(dǎo)程序。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,根據(jù)上文中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞doesn’trequire可知,此處應(yīng)使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài),therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于就近的名詞plentyofexerciseapps,所以使用are;另外結(jié)合句意可知,此處可以表示“已經(jīng)擁有大量的應(yīng)用apps供你購(gòu)買(mǎi)或者訂閱”,所以可是使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生以及對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響,be動(dòng)詞后為名詞復(fù)數(shù),所以使用havebeen意為“已經(jīng)存在”。故填are/havebeen。50.考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:所以很明顯我不是專(zhuān)家,但從去年開(kāi)始,我就在睡前做伸展運(yùn)動(dòng),我發(fā)現(xiàn)在做伸展運(yùn)動(dòng)的晚上我總是睡得更好。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,根據(jù)時(shí)間狀狀語(yǔ)sincelastyear可知,此處應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài),句子主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù),且與主語(yǔ)為主動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以使用havestretched;結(jié)合句意,此處也可以理解為“自從去年以來(lái)一直睡前作伸展運(yùn)動(dòng)”,所以此處也可使用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),即havebeenstretching。故填havestretched/havebeenstretching。(2023·上海奉賢·統(tǒng)考二模)“There’sameaningfuldifferencebetween‘duck’and‘duck!’”O(jiān)fcourse,usingthemtoomuch____67____(make)exclamationmarkslosetheirpurposebutthatdoesn’tmeantheyareuseless.【答案】67.makes67.考查動(dòng)詞。句意:當(dāng)然,過(guò)多使用感嘆號(hào)會(huì)使感嘆號(hào)失去作用,但這并不意味著它們毫無(wú)用處。分析句子可知,空處為but并列句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,陳述客觀事實(shí),且主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)名詞,所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。故填makes。(2023·上海嘉定·統(tǒng)考二模)Duringtheir58-yearmarriage,theirstubbornnessoften___76___(lead)toconflict.【答案】76.led76.考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:在他們58年的婚姻中,他們的固執(zhí)經(jīng)常導(dǎo)致沖突。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)Duringtheir58-yearmarriage可知,此處應(yīng)使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài),且與主語(yǔ)之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系。故填led。(2023·上海金山·統(tǒng)考二模)OpenAIsaidit_____86_____(spend)sixmonthsonsafetyfeaturesforGPT-4,andonhumanfeedback.【答案】86.hadspent86.考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意:OpenAI表示,他們花了6個(gè)月的時(shí)間來(lái)研究GPT-4的安全功能,以及人類(lèi)的反饋。句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為said,賓語(yǔ)從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在said前,從句應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。故填hadspent。(2023·上海虹口·統(tǒng)考二模)“Echoicmemoryisexactlyasthenamewouldimply:itis,infact,anechoofsomethingthat____98____(occur).”【答案】98.occurred/hasoccurred98.考查一般過(guò)去時(shí)/現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。句意:“回聲記憶就像它的名字所暗示的那樣:事實(shí)上,它是已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情的回聲。”分析句子可知,that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,指代先行詞something,表示單數(shù)意義,此處指過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情發(fā)出的回聲,可用一般過(guò)去時(shí),也可用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響,助動(dòng)詞用has。故填occurred/hasoccurred。(2023·上海崇明·統(tǒng)考二模)Overthepastsixyears,the40-year-oldShanghairesident__103__(use)teaandspoonstocreatenearly200patternsbasedonancientpaintings.【答案】103.hasused考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:在過(guò)去的六年里,這位40歲的上海居民用茶和勺子在古畫(huà)的基礎(chǔ)上創(chuàng)作了近200個(gè)圖案。根據(jù)句意和所給動(dòng)詞use分析句子可知,空格處是該句子的謂語(yǔ)部分,由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)overthepastsixyears可知,該句子應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí);再根據(jù)主語(yǔ)the40-year-oldShanghairesident可知,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用單數(shù)形式。故填hasused。(2023·上海寶山·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測(cè))Forthenightowlsoutthere,hopefullythesetips___121___
(make)yourmorningsmorebearable.【答案】121.willmake121.考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:對(duì)于夜貓子來(lái)說(shuō),希望這些建議能讓你的早晨更能堅(jiān)持得住。本句缺謂語(yǔ),結(jié)合“hopefully”可知,時(shí)態(tài)采用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。故填willmake。1.Bothofthesetwomalecharacters(experience)heart-breakingbreak-upsrecently.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】haveexperienced【詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:這兩個(gè)男性角色最近都經(jīng)歷了令人心碎的分手。結(jié)合時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)recently以及對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響“傷心”可知,句子時(shí)態(tài)是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),主語(yǔ)“Bothofthesetwomalecharacters”是復(fù)數(shù),因此空格處用haveexperienced。故填haveexperienced。2.Backthen,Icouldn’ttellwhetherthemovieIhadjustwatchedwasgoodornot,butIjust(keep)watchinglikeathirstymanlongingforwater.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】kept【詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:那時(shí)候,我不知道剛剛看的電影是好是壞,但我就像一個(gè)口渴的人渴望水一樣一直看下去。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知,but后描述過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故填kept。3.IaskedTomtohelpmesweepthefloor,buthesaidtheteacher(assign)himtocleanthewindows.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】hadassigned【詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:我請(qǐng)湯姆幫我掃地,但他說(shuō)老師派他擦窗戶(hù)。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知,assign的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在said之前,此處表示過(guò)去的過(guò)去,用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。故填hadassigned。4.Hewasundersomuchpressurebecauseofthenewjobthathe(lie)awaketillmid-night.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】lay【詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:由于新工作的壓力太大,他到半夜都還沒(méi)睡著。空處為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,根據(jù)“Hewasundersomuchpressure”可知,句子描述的是過(guò)去的情況,lie使用過(guò)去式,故填lay。5.Alicesaidtomethatshe(stay)inherhometownfortwomoredays.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】wouldstay【詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:愛(ài)麗絲告訴我她將在家鄉(xiāng)再待兩天。根據(jù)主句時(shí)態(tài)可知,用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。再根據(jù)從句時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)fortwomoredays可知,用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。根據(jù)句意,故填wouldstay。6.Iwasn’tsurewhetherthepostman(deliver)methepackageontime.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】woulddeliver【詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:我不敢肯定郵遞員是否會(huì)準(zhǔn)時(shí)給我送來(lái)包裹?!皐asn’tsurewhether...”表示“不確定是否……”,這里whether引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,主句時(shí)態(tài)是一般過(guò)去時(shí),結(jié)合“主過(guò)從過(guò)”的原則,從句的時(shí)態(tài)可以使用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)woulddeliver,表示“郵遞員是否會(huì)按時(shí)給我送包裹”。故填woulddeliver。7.Anewreportfound46percentofmealsareeatenaloneinAmerica.Morethanhalf(53%)havebreakfastaloneandnearlyhalf(46%)havelunchbythemselves.Onlyatdinnertimeweeatingtogether,74%,accordingtostatisticsfromthereport.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)【答案】are【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和部分倒裝。句意:一項(xiàng)新的報(bào)告發(fā)現(xiàn),在美國(guó)46%的人是獨(dú)自一人用餐。超過(guò)一半(53%)的人獨(dú)自吃早餐和近一半(46%)的人獨(dú)自吃午餐。根據(jù)報(bào)告的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù),只有在晚餐時(shí)間74%的人們將會(huì)一起吃飯。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,Onlyatdinnertime置于句首,要采用部分倒裝,空格處需要填be的某種形式和eating共同構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)(表將來(lái)),主語(yǔ)we是復(fù)數(shù)名詞,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)填are。故填are。8.Forexample,I(order)adigitalcameraonlinetheotherdayandsavedabout$50.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】ordered【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意:例如,前幾天我在網(wǎng)上訂購(gòu)了一臺(tái)數(shù)碼相機(jī),節(jié)省了大約50美元。分析句子可知,order是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,由theotherday可知,描述過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情用一般過(guò)去時(shí),故填ordered。9.WhatIhavelearntfromthismovieisthattherewillbesomepeoplewhomImayonlymeetonceinmylife,butoncewemeet,I(spend)therestofmyliferememberingthembeforethememoryoflovedisappears.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】willspend【詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:我從這部電影中學(xué)到的是,有些人在我的一生中可能只見(jiàn)過(guò)一次,但一旦我們相遇,我會(huì)用我的余生去記住他們,直到愛(ài)的記憶消失。根據(jù)后文“therestofmylife”可知,此處從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),主句用一般將來(lái)時(shí),故填willspend。10.Theirstrangebutdelightfulinteraction(prove)tobeapleasuretowatchandIjustcannotgetenoughofit.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】hasproved/hasproven【詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)、主謂一致。句意:它們奇怪而愉快的互動(dòng)被證明是一種樂(lè)趣,我就是看不夠。根據(jù)Ijustcannotgetenoughofit可知,prove“證明是”這一動(dòng)作開(kāi)始于過(guò)去,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,句子時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),且主語(yǔ)interaction為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù),助動(dòng)詞用has。故填hasproved或hasproven。11.He(learn)Englishforeightyearsbythetimehegraduatesfromtheuniversitynextyear.
(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】willhavelearned/willhavelearnt【詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:到明年大學(xué)畢業(yè)時(shí),他已經(jīng)學(xué)了八年英語(yǔ)了??仗帪橹骶渲^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,根據(jù)bythetime引導(dǎo)的從句“hegraduatesfromtheuniversitynextyear”可知,主句陳述將來(lái)某時(shí)間前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作,應(yīng)用將來(lái)完成時(shí)。故填willhavelearned/learnt。12.He(write)thecompositionthewholemorningandheisstillworking.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】hasbeenwriting【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意:他寫(xiě)了一上午的作文,現(xiàn)在還在工作。分析句子可知,空格處作謂語(yǔ)。根據(jù)句中thewholemorningandheisstillworking以及句意可知,此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),表示動(dòng)作從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到至今,并將持續(xù)下去,主語(yǔ)He表示單數(shù)意義,故填hasbeenwriting。13.TuYouyouprovedthatgreathonor(come)withhardshipswhileopportunitiesfavourthepreparedmind.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】comes【詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:屠呦呦證明了偉大的榮譽(yù)來(lái)自艱辛,而機(jī)會(huì)只屬于有準(zhǔn)備的人。分析句意可知,that從句中陳述的是客觀事實(shí),所以從句的時(shí)態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);再分析句式結(jié)構(gòu),that從句中的主語(yǔ)greathonor是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù),所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用動(dòng)詞的第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式。故填comes。14.Forthesecouplesofyears,ourschoollift(witness)thelazyandbrittle(脆的)studentsinlongqueueseagerlywaiting,withoutthestrongwilltoclimbthestairsbythemselves.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】haswitnessed【詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)、主謂一致。句意:在這幾年里,我們的學(xué)校電梯見(jiàn)證了懶惰而脆弱的學(xué)生排著長(zhǎng)隊(duì)急切地等待,沒(méi)有自己爬樓梯的堅(jiān)強(qiáng)意志。根據(jù)Forthesecouplesofyears可知,witness“見(jiàn)證”這一動(dòng)作開(kāi)始于過(guò)去,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,句子應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),又因主語(yǔ)ourschoollift是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù),所以助動(dòng)詞用has。故填haswitnessed。15.Theshyboy(plan)todropoutofschoolbecauseoflonelinessandsadnessatthenewplace,butasmalltalkwiththeheadmasterhelpedhimout.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】hadplanned【詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:由于在新地方感到孤獨(dú)和悲傷,這個(gè)害羞的男孩本打算退學(xué),但與校長(zhǎng)的一次簡(jiǎn)短交談幫助他擺脫了困境。分析句子可知,空處作句子的謂語(yǔ),結(jié)合“asmalltalkwiththeheadmasterhelpedhimout”可知,應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí),即hadplannedtodo表示這個(gè)男孩本來(lái)計(jì)劃退學(xué),但事實(shí)上沒(méi)做成,屬于虛擬語(yǔ)氣。故填hadplanned。(上海交通大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)2022-2023學(xué)年高三下學(xué)期開(kāi)學(xué)摸底考試)DiscoveringaBrotherKieronGrahamalwaysknewhehadanolderbrother.Hisadoptionpapers,signedandsealedwhenhewasthreemonthsold,listedabrothernamedVincentbutnolastname.ThoughKieronspentyears___1___(think)aboutVincent,hecouldnevertrackhimdown.ThatchangedinDecember2017,___2___Kieron’sadoptiveparentsgavetheirfouradoptedchildrenAncestryDNAtestsasChristmasgifts.Kieron,now21,senthissaliva(唾液)sampleinforanalysis.Whenhisresultscameback,hewassurprisedtofindhehadsomeDNAmatchesforrelativeswho___3___(take)thetest,too.Mostweredistantconnections,butonematchwassostrongthatit___4___(label)?“closefamily59.HisnamewasVincentGhant.Kieronlookedforhimonlineandsoonmadeapossibleconnection.”Thisisgoingtosoundsowild.......butyouseem___5___(be)mybrother,”Kieronwroteontheinstantmessagingapp.“Iwasgivenup___6___adoptionin1997anditsaysonmypaperworkthatmymotherhasasonwithyournameandyourbirthdate.HernameisShawn.”“OMGdoyouknowyourrealname??“wroteVincent,now30.”IthinkitwasTyler.?““OMGYES!!!Youaremybrother.”“Wow,”wroteKieron.“Thisiscrazy.”saidVincent.Thecrazinesswasjustbeginning.Astheytalked,thebrothersrealizedtheylivedabout20minutesfromeachother,outsideofAtlanta.Moremind-blowing,theyattendedthesameuniversityandmajoredandminoredinthesamesubjects:politicalscienceandlegalstudies.“Whataretheoddswe’reseparatedourentirelivesandthenendupatthesameschoolwiththesameinterests??“saysKieron.Nowthebrothershadthechancetomakeupforthe___7___(lose)time.Theydecidedtomeetatalocalteashopthatweek.”Iwasreallynervous,?“saysKieron.“Iwaswondering___8___Ishouldsay.”Ashewaitedoutsidetheshop,heheardsomeonecallhisname,andhesuddenlyfound____9____inahugwiththebrotherhe’dthoughtabouthisentirelife.Themenwentinsideandtalked.?“Weconnected,”saysVincent,?“_____10_____wealreadykneweachother.”【答案】1.thinking2.when3.hadtaken4.waslabeled5.tobe6.for7.lost8.what9.himself10.asif##asthough【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講的是KieronGraham通過(guò)DNA測(cè)試找到他的同胞哥哥的故事?!?題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:盡管Kieron花了數(shù)年時(shí)間考慮Vincent,但他始終沒(méi)能找到他。結(jié)合句意及空前的spentyears可知應(yīng)填動(dòng)名詞形式thinking,spendtimedoing意為“花費(fèi)時(shí)間做某事”,固定搭配,用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。故填thinking?!?題詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意:2017年12月,情況發(fā)生了變化,Kieron的養(yǎng)父母把血統(tǒng)DNA測(cè)試作為圣誕禮物送給了他們的四個(gè)養(yǎng)子。此處為定語(yǔ)從句,先行詞為December2017,先行詞在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞when。故填when?!?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意:結(jié)果出來(lái)后,他驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的一些DNA與參加過(guò)檢測(cè)的親戚相匹配??仗幨莣ho定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,結(jié)合句意定語(yǔ)從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句一般過(guò)去時(shí)的動(dòng)作之前,應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。故填hadtaken?!?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意:大多數(shù)都是遠(yuǎn)親關(guān)系,但有一個(gè)匹配非常強(qiáng)大,以至于被貼上了“近親59”的標(biāo)簽。分析句子可知,空處是that引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,根據(jù)語(yǔ)境,動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去且從句主語(yǔ)it與label之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故填labeled?!?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞不定式。句意:“這聽(tīng)起來(lái)很瘋狂……但你好像是我哥哥,”Kieron在即時(shí)通訊軟件上寫(xiě)道。結(jié)合句意及空前的youseem可知應(yīng)用不定式的形式,作賓語(yǔ),sb.seemtodosth.意為“似乎要做某事”,固定用法。故填tobe?!?題詳解】考查介詞。句意:“1997年我被人收養(yǎng)了,我的文件上寫(xiě)著我媽媽有一個(gè)兒子,名字和出生日期都和你一樣。他叫肖恩?!苯Y(jié)合句意此處應(yīng)填介詞for,foradoption意為“收養(yǎng)”,固定搭配。故填for?!?題詳解】考查形容詞。句意:現(xiàn)在兄弟倆有機(jī)會(huì)彌補(bǔ)失去的時(shí)間了。結(jié)合句意此處應(yīng)填形容詞形式lost“失去的”,作定語(yǔ),修飾名詞time。故填lost?!?題詳解】考查名詞性從句。句意:“我在想我該說(shuō)些什么?!苯Y(jié)合句意及空前的wondering可知此處為賓語(yǔ)從句,從句動(dòng)詞say缺少賓語(yǔ),指物,應(yīng)用引導(dǎo)詞what。故填what。【9題詳解】考查反身代詞。句意:當(dāng)他在商店外面等著的時(shí)候,他聽(tīng)到有人叫他的名字,他突然發(fā)現(xiàn)自己擁抱了他一生都在思念的哥哥。結(jié)合句意及空前的hesuddenlyfound可知此處應(yīng)填反身代詞himself,作found的賓語(yǔ)。故填himself。【10題詳解】考查狀語(yǔ)從句。句意:男人們走進(jìn)去聊天。“我們有聯(lián)系,”Vincent,說(shuō),“就好像我們已經(jīng)認(rèn)識(shí)對(duì)方一樣?!苯Y(jié)合句意此處為狀語(yǔ)從句,應(yīng)用asif/asthough引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句。故填asif/asthough。(2018年6月·上海高考真題)Acomprehensivestudyof4,500childrenconductedbytheNationalInstitutesofHealthin2018showsthatchildrenwhospentmorethansevenhoursadaystaringatscreensshowedevidenceofprematurethinningoftheirbrain'scortex--theouterlayerthatprocessessensoryinformation.“Wedon'tknowifit(21)___________(cause)bythescreentime.Wedon'tknowyetifit'sabadthing.Itwon'tbeuntilwefollowthemovertime(22)________wewillseeifthereareoutcomesthatareassociatedwiththedifferencesthatwe'reseeinginthissinglesnapshot,"Dr.GayaDowling.“Whatwecansayisthatthisis(23)_______thebrainslooklikeofkidswhospendalotoftimeonscreens.Andit'snotjustonepattern.Theproblemisn'tjustscreens(24)_________,butalsothewayscreenstemptkids(andadults)awayfromsomethingfarmoreimportant:physicalactivity.Morethan23percentofadultsand80percentofadolescentsdon'tgetenoughphysicalactivity,andaccordingtoa2019repor
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