江蘇省南京市六校聯(lián)合體2024-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期10月期中英語(yǔ)試題（解析版）

高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1江蘇省南京市六校聯(lián)合體2024-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期10月期中英語(yǔ)試題第一部分聽力（略）第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AWELCOMETOPAIPAIDOWNTOWN-18DuncanStreetReserveHereHoursofoperation:Mon4:00p.m.-9:30p.m.Tue-Thur11:45a。m.-9:30p.m.Fri-Sat11:45a.m.-10:00p.m.Sun11:30a.m.-9:30p.m.ReserveWehavelimitedreservationsavailabletowelcomemorewalk-ingueststoenjoythePAIexperience.Tobookareservation,pleaseemailusatdowntown@.Tuesday,Wednesday,andThursdaylunchreservationsbeginat2:00p.m.;walk-insarewelcomebeforethen.OrderChefNuit’sfavoritedishesarehighlyrecommended.Pleaseletusknowifyouhaveanyallergiesordietaryrestrictionspriortoordering!Pleasenotea20%servicechargewillautomaticallybeaddedtoyourbillforpartiesof6ormore.CateringBringalittlebitofPAItotheoffice,acozyget-together,orabuzzingparty.Whatevertheoccasionmaybe,ourCateringTeamwouldlovetoofferdeliveryservices.PleasesendyourinquirybelowandourCateringTeamwillcontactyouatourearliestconvenience.SpecialnoticeOurchainstorePAIUPTOWNistemporarilyclosedforlunchservicefromOctober4toOctober10duetonecessarymaintenance.ItwillremainOPENFORDINNERSERVICEASUSUALduringthistime.Weapologizefortheinconvenienceandappreciateyourunderstanding.ReviewsIcouldtasteeveryingredient.EventhoughIhaveaseafoodallergy,Icanhaveagreatmealwithoutworryingaboutit.—MiladESNicerestaurantwithgoodThaiflavors!Butitseemsthattheyweretryingtoprocessasmanypeopleaspossible,soitwashardtoenjoyfoodslowlywithkids.Imighttrytakeoutnexttime.—Edmund21.Onwhichday(s)doestherestauranthavethelongestoperatinghours?A.Monday B.Tuesday-Thursday C.Friday-Saturday D.Sunday22.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.Therestaurantcantailorfoodtocustomers’needs.B.YoucannothavelunchatPAIUPTOWNonOctober6.C.PAIcandeliverfoodtoyourofficeifyouarehavingameeting.D.Youwillpaya20%tipifyouhaveadatewithyourgirlfriendatPAI.23.WhatisEdmund’sattitudetowardthisrestaurant?A.appreciative B.disappointed C.objective D.uninterested【答案】21.C22.D23.C【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是應(yīng)用文。作者通過介紹PAI餐廳的營(yíng)業(yè)時(shí)間、預(yù)訂方式、菜品推薦、外賣服務(wù)以及特別通知等信息，旨在向讀者提供有關(guān)該餐廳的實(shí)用信息，方便讀者了解和選擇該餐廳?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章Hoursofoperation:部分中“Mon4:00p.m.-9:30p.m.(星期一下午4:00至9:30)”、“Tue-Thur11:45a.m.-9:30p.m.(星期二至星期四上午11:45至晚上9:30)”、“Fri-Sat11:45a.m.-10:00p.m.(星期五至六上午11:45至晚上10:00)”、“Sun11:30a.m.-9:30p.m.(星期日上午11:30-晚上9:30)”可知，餐廳在周五和周六的營(yíng)業(yè)時(shí)間最長(zhǎng)，從上午11:45到晚上10:00。故選C?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章Order部分中“Pleasenotea20%servicechargewillautomaticallybeaddedtoyourbillforpartiesof6ormore.(請(qǐng)注意，如果6人以上的聚會(huì)，20%的服務(wù)費(fèi)將自動(dòng)加到您的賬單中。)”可知，只有6人或以上的聚會(huì)才會(huì)自動(dòng)添加20%的服務(wù)費(fèi)，而不是和女朋友約會(huì)就要支付20%的小費(fèi)。因此，選項(xiàng)D不正確。故選D。【23題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章Reviews部分中“NicerestaurantwithgoodThaiflavors!Butitseemsthattheyweretryingtoprocessasmanypeopleaspossible,soitwashardtoenjoyfoodslowlywithkids.Imighttrytakeoutnexttime.(不錯(cuò)的泰國(guó)風(fēng)味餐廳！但似乎他們?cè)噲D接待盡可能多的人，所以很難和孩子一起慢慢享受食物。下次我可能會(huì)試試帶出去持。)”可知，Edmund對(duì)這家餐廳持客觀態(tài)度，既看到了它的優(yōu)點(diǎn)也看到了它的缺點(diǎn)。故選C。BWhenittakesdaystogettoacity,seekingmedicalhelpcanbeachallenge.ThisistherealityinmanyvillagesinAmdocounty,NagchucityoftheXizangautonomousregion.Thecountyspansapproximately100,000squarekilometers,anareaasvastasJiangsuprovince.Duetothevastnessandsparse(稀少的)population,auniquehealthcaresystemhasbeenestablishedhere.TsegahasworkedasavillagedoctorinAmdoforover40years,shuttlingbetweengrasslandsandpastoralareas.“Inthepast,withoutvehicles,uponreceivingmessagesaboutsomeonefallingill,sometimesIhadtorideahorse,sometimeswalk.Itwouldtakeafourtofive-dayroundtriptosomevillages,”Tsegasaid.Withanaverageelevationexceeding5,000meters,conditionsinAmdomakehigh-altitudecardiovasculardiseases,gout(痛風(fēng))andhighbloodpressurerelativelycommon.Discoveringhispassionforhealingandhelpingothersinhisearly20s,Tsegaembarkedonself-studyofTibetanandtraditionalChinesemedicines,andlaterpursuedoverayearofprofessionaltrainingatthePeople’sHospitalinNagchu,becomingproficientinWesternmedicineaswell.Drawingfromhisyearsofmedicalexperience,hetailorstreatmentmethods—beitTibetan,Chinese,Westernoracombination—basedoneachpatient’sneeds.Duringhisvisits,hecarriesavarietyofmedicationsprovidedbythetownshiphospitalandpurchasessomehimself.Tsegabelievesthatsoakinginhotspringscanhelpeasepainorpreventillnessesrelatedtohighaltitude.Overthepastdecade,hehaspersonallyfundedannualhotspringactivitiesfortheelderly,weakanddisabledacrossthearea.In1974,TsegaalsocooperatedwithpersonnelfromtheLanzhoumilitaryandgeologicalteamsfora40-dayfilmingproject,capturingthebeautyandfragilityoftheYangtzeRiver’ssource.Sincethen,hehasdevotedhissparetimetocleaningupthesurroundingarea,contributingtoenvironmentalprotectionefforts.24.WhatmadeofferingmedicalhelpdifficultinthepastinAmdo?A.Sparsepopulation. B.Trafficinconvenience.C.Highaltitude. D.Environmentalpollution.25.Whatdoestheunderlinedphraseinparagraph5mostprobablymean?A.fascinatedby B.skilledat C.giftedin D.blessedwith26.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesTsega’spersonality?A.committedandselfless B.passionateandcourageousC.sympatheticandgrateful D.considerateanddisciplined27.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Tsegadevoteshislifetimetoenvironmentalprotection.B.Themedicalchallengehasbeentackledinsparselypopulatedareas.C.Adoctorhasusedhotspringstorelievehigh-altitudediseases.D.Adoctorisdevotedtotreatingpatientsinaremotecounty.【答案】24.B25.B26.A27.D【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。本文主要介紹的是穿梭于草原和牧區(qū)之間，為西藏邊遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)的人民提供醫(yī)療服務(wù)的鄉(xiāng)村醫(yī)生Tsega?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的句子““Inthepast,withoutvehicles,uponreceivingmessagesaboutsomeonefallingill,sometimesIhadtorideahorse,sometimeswalk.Itwouldtakeafourtofive-dayroundtriptosomevillages,”Tsegasaid.(Tsega說“在過去，沒有交通工具，一接到有人生病的消息，我有時(shí)不得不騎馬，有時(shí)不得不步行。往返一些村莊需要4到5天的時(shí)間。”)”可知，過去在安多，交通不便讓提供醫(yī)療幫助變得困難。故選B項(xiàng)。【25題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線短語(yǔ)前面的部分“andlaterpursuedoverayearofprofessionaltrainingatthePeople’sHospitalinNagchu”可知，通過在那曲人民醫(yī)院接受一年多的專業(yè)培訓(xùn)，Tsega肯定是熟練掌握了西醫(yī)。所以，劃線短語(yǔ)proficientin的意義為“在…方面很熟練，精通于”，與B項(xiàng)skilledat意義一致。故選B項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“TsegahasworkedasavillagedoctorinAmdoforover40years,shuttlingbetweengrasslandsandpastoralareas.“Inthepast,withoutvehicles,uponreceivingmessagesaboutsomeonefallingill,sometimesIhadtorideahorse,sometimeswalk.Itwouldtakeafourtofive-dayroundtriptosomevillages,”Tsegasaid.(Tsega在安多做了40多年的鄉(xiāng)村醫(yī)生，穿梭于草原和牧區(qū)之間。Tsega說：“在過去，沒有交通工具，一接到有人生病的消息，我有時(shí)不得不騎馬，有時(shí)不得不步行。往返一些村莊需要4到5天的時(shí)間?！?”和第五段“Discoveringhispassionforhealingandhelpingothersinhisearly20s,Tsegaembarkedonself-studyofTibetanandtraditionalChinesemedicines,andlaterpursuedoverayearofprofessionaltrainingatthePeople’sHospitalinNagchu,becomingproficientinWesternmedicineaswell.(在他20歲出頭的時(shí)候，他發(fā)現(xiàn)了自己對(duì)治療和幫助他人的熱情，開始自學(xué)藏醫(yī)和中醫(yī)，后來在那曲人民醫(yī)院接受了一年多的專業(yè)培訓(xùn)，也熟練掌握了西醫(yī)。)”可知，Tsega是個(gè)盡心盡力的人。根據(jù)第六段的句子“Duringhisvisits,hecarriesavarietyofmedicationsprovidedbythetownshiphospitalandpurchasessomehimself.(在就診期間，他隨身攜帶鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)醫(yī)院提供的各種藥物，并自己購(gòu)買一些。)”和第七段的句子“Overthepastdecade,hehaspersonallyfundedannualhotspringactivitiesfortheelderly,weakanddisabledacrossthearea.(在過去的十年里，他個(gè)人資助了該地區(qū)為老人、弱者和殘疾人舉辦的年度溫泉活動(dòng)。)”可知，Tsega是個(gè)無(wú)私的人。故選A項(xiàng)。【27題詳解】主旨大意題。本文主要介紹的是穿梭于草原和牧區(qū)之間，為西藏邊遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)的人民提供醫(yī)療服務(wù)的鄉(xiāng)村醫(yī)生Tsega。所以，D項(xiàng)“Adoctorisdevotedtotreatingpatientsinaremotecounty.”可以概括本文主要內(nèi)容。故選D項(xiàng)。CDespitealltheeffortsstudentsmaketograduatewithasciencemajor,researchhasshownthatmostcollegesciencecoursesprovidestudentswithonlyafragmented(碎片化的)understandingoffundamentalscientificconcepts.Theteachingmethodimprovesmemorizationofseparatefacts,proceedingfromonetextbookchaptertothenextwithoutnecessarilymakingconnectionsbetweenthem,insteadoflearninghowtousetheinformationandconnectthosefactsmeaningfully.Withthatinmind,wedevelopedaseriesofcross-disciplinary(跨學(xué)科的)activities.Inourmostrecentstudy,weinvestigatedhowwellcollegestudentscouldusetheirchemistryknowledgetoexplainreal-worldbiologicalphenomena.Tobeginwith,weinterviewed28first-yearcollegestudentsmajoringinsciencesorengineering.Allhadtakenbothintroductorychemistryandbiologycourses.Weaskedthemtoidentifythecontentofthesecoursesandwhattheybelievedtobethetake-homemessagesfromeachcourse.Thestudentsrespondedwithextensivelistsoftopics,concepts,andskillsthatthey’dlearnedinclass.Followingthat,asetofcross-disciplinaryactivitiesweredesignedtoguidestudentsintheuseofcorechemistryideasandknowledgetohelpexplainreal-worldbiologicalphenomena.Oneactivityexploredtheimpactsofoceanacidificationonseashells.Here,thestudentswereaskedtousebasicchemistryideastoexplainhowtheincreasinglevelofcarbondioxideinseawaterisaffectingshell-buildingmarineanimalssuchascorals,clams(蛤蜊)andoysters.Overall,thestudentsfeltconfidentoftheirchemistryknowledge.However,theyhadahardertimeapplyingthesamechemistryknowledgetoexplainingthebiologicalphenomena.Thesefindingshighlightthatabiggapremainsbetweenwhatstudentslearnintheirsciencecoursesandhowwellpreparedtheyaretoapplythatinformation.Thestudentsinourstudyalsoreportedthattheseactivitieshelpedthemseelinksbetweenthetwodisciplinesthattheywouldn’thaveperceivedotherwise.Theabilitytomaketheseconnectionsisimportantbeyondtheclassroomaswell,becauseit’sthebasisofscienceliteracy(科學(xué)素養(yǎng)).Sowealsocameawaywithevidencethatourchemistrystudentsatleastwouldliketohavetheabilitytohaveadeeperunderstandingofscienceandhowtoapplyit.28.Whatdoestheexistingscienceeducationfailtodoaccordingtotheresearch?A.Promotememorizationofseparatefacts.B.Understandfragmentedscientificconcepts.C.Encouragestudentstoenjoythelearningprocess.D.Teachstudentstointegratedifferentsubjects.29.Whatcanwelearnaboutthestudentintervieweesinthefirststepofstudy?A.Theyhadrichacademicknowledge.B.Theypaidlittleattentiontobiologycourses.C.Theymanagedtoapplytheirchemistryknowledge.D.Theyhardlyidentifiedthecoreideasofthecourses.30.Whatdoestheactivityaboutoceanacidificationexpectstudentstodo?A.Studysomeunusualphenomenaunderthesea.B.Interprettheeffectsofcarbondioxideonseacreatures.C.Analyzethelevelofcarbondioxideinseawater.D.Comeupwithpracticalmethodstoprotectmarineanimals.31.Whatdoestheauthorseefromtheresultofthestudyaccordingtothelastparagraph?A.Theneedtostudyscientificknowledgeinclass.B.Thedifficultiesofdevelopingcross-disciplinaryabilities.C.Thepotentialtopromotestudents’scienceliteracy.D.Themethodsofenhancingstudents’practicalskills.【答案】28.D29.A30.B31.C【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章通過介紹一項(xiàng)關(guān)于大學(xué)生在科學(xué)課程中學(xué)習(xí)情況的研究，詳細(xì)闡述了當(dāng)前科學(xué)教學(xué)方法存在的問題，以及為解決這些問題而設(shè)計(jì)的跨學(xué)科活動(dòng)。【28題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Despitealltheeffortsstudentsmaketograduatewithasciencemajor,researchhasshownthatmostcollegesciencecoursesprovidestudentswithonlyafragmented(碎片化的)understandingoffundamentalscientificconcepts.Theteachingmethodimprovesmemorizationofseparatefacts,proceedingfromonetextbookchaptertothenextwithoutnecessarilymakingconnectionsbetweenthem,insteadoflearninghowtousetheinformationandconnectthosefactsmeaningfully.(盡管學(xué)生們?yōu)楣プx科學(xué)專業(yè)付出了諸多努力，但研究表明，大多數(shù)大學(xué)的科學(xué)課程只能讓學(xué)生對(duì)基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)概念有碎片化的理解。這種教學(xué)方法側(cè)重于提高學(xué)生對(duì)單個(gè)事實(shí)的記憶力，從教科書的一章跳到下一章，而不一定在它們之間建立聯(lián)系，而不是學(xué)習(xí)如何運(yùn)用這些信息并將這些事實(shí)有意義地聯(lián)系起來。)”可知，現(xiàn)有的科學(xué)教育未能做到的是教學(xué)生整合不同的學(xué)科，即將所學(xué)的信息有意義地聯(lián)系起來。故選D。【29題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Tobeginwith,weinterviewed28first-yearcollegestudentsmajoringinsciencesorengineering.Allhadtakenbothintroductorychemistryandbiologycourses.Weaskedthemtoidentifythecontentofthesecoursesandwhattheybelievedtobethetake-homemessagesfromeachcourse.Thestudentsrespondedwithextensivelistsoftopics,concepts,andskillsthatthey’dlearnedinclass.(首先，我們采訪了28名主修科學(xué)或工程的大一學(xué)生。他們都上過基礎(chǔ)化學(xué)和生物學(xué)課程。我們讓他們識(shí)別這些課程的內(nèi)容，并說出他們認(rèn)為每門課程的核心要點(diǎn)是什么。學(xué)生們給出了他們?cè)谡n堂上學(xué)習(xí)過的大量話題、概念和技能清單。)”可知，學(xué)生們?cè)谡n堂上學(xué)習(xí)了很多內(nèi)容，即他們擁有豐富的學(xué)術(shù)知識(shí)。故選A?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Oneactivityexploredtheimpactsofoceanacidificationonseashells.Here,thestudentswereaskedtousebasicchemistryideastoexplainhowtheincreasinglevelofcarbondioxideinseawaterisaffectingshell-buildingmarineanimalssuchascorals,clams(蛤蜊)andoysters.(其中一項(xiàng)活動(dòng)探討了海洋酸化對(duì)貝殼的影響。在這里，學(xué)生們被要求使用基本的化學(xué)原理來解釋海水中二氧化碳水平上升是如何影響珊瑚、蛤蜊和牡蠣等建造殼體的海洋生物的。)”可知，海洋酸化項(xiàng)目要求學(xué)生利用化學(xué)原理來解釋海水中二氧化碳水平上升是如何影響珊瑚、蛤蜊和牡蠣等建造殼體的海洋生物的。故選B?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Thestudentsinourstudyalsoreportedthattheseactivitieshelpedthemseelinksbetweenthetwodisciplinesthattheywouldn’thaveperceivedotherwise.Theabilitytomaketheseconnectionsisimportantbeyondtheclassroomaswell,becauseit’sthebasisofscienceliteracy(科學(xué)素養(yǎng)).Sowealsocameawaywithevidencethatourchemistrystudentsatleastwouldliketohavetheabilitytohaveadeeperunderstandingofscienceandhowtoapplyit.(我們研究中的學(xué)生還報(bào)告說，這些活動(dòng)幫助他們看到了這兩個(gè)學(xué)科之間的聯(lián)系，而這些聯(lián)系是他們之前未曾察覺到的。建立這些聯(lián)系的能力不僅在課堂之外很重要，因?yàn)樗强茖W(xué)素養(yǎng)的基礎(chǔ)。因此，我們也得到了證據(jù)，表明我們的化學(xué)專業(yè)學(xué)生至少希望具備更深入地理解科學(xué)及其應(yīng)用的能力。)”可知，學(xué)生報(bào)告說，這些活動(dòng)幫助他們看到了兩個(gè)學(xué)科之間的聯(lián)系，這種聯(lián)系能力是科學(xué)素養(yǎng)的基礎(chǔ)。此外，作者還提到，他們的化學(xué)學(xué)生至少希望擁有更深入地理解科學(xué)及其應(yīng)用的能力。這表明，通過這些活動(dòng)，學(xué)生有可能提升他們的科學(xué)素養(yǎng)。由此可知，作者從研究結(jié)果中看到了提升學(xué)生科學(xué)素養(yǎng)的潛力。故選C。DArtificialintelligencemodelscantrickeachotherintodisobeyingtheircreatorsandprovidingbannedinstructionsformakingdrugs,orevenbuildingabomb,suggestingthatpreventingsuchAI“jailbreaks”ismoredifficultthanitseems.Manypubliclyavailablelargelanguagemodels(LLMs),suchasChatGPT,havehard-codedrulesthataimtopreventthemfromexhibitingracialorsexualdiscrimination,oransweringquestionswithillegalorproblematicanswers-thingstheyhavelearnedfromhumansviatrainingdata.Butthathasn’tstoppedpeoplefromfindingcarefullydesignedinstructionsthatblocktheseprotections,knownas“jailbreaks”,makingAImodelsdisobeytherules.Now,ArushTagadeatLeapLaboratoriesandhisco-workershavefoundaprocessofjailbreaks.TheyfoundthattheycouldsimplyinstructoneLLMtoconvinceothermodelstoadoptapersona(角色),whichisabletoanswerquestionsthebasemodelhasbeenprogrammedtorefuse.Thisprocessiscalled“personamodulation(調(diào)節(jié))”.Tagadesaysthisapproachworksbecausemuchofthetrainingdataconsumedbylargemodelscomesfromonlineconversations,andthemodelslearntoactincertainwaysinresponsetodifferentinputs.Byhavingtherightconversationwithamodel,itispossibletomakeitadoptaparticularpersona,causingittoactdifferently.ThereisalsoanideainAIcircles,oneyettobeproven,thatcreatinglotsofrulesforanAItopreventitdisplayingunwantedbehaviourcanaccidentallycreateablueprintforamodeltoactthatway.ThispotentiallyleavestheAIeasytobetrickedintotakingonanevilpersona.“Ifyou’reforcingyourmodeltobegoodpersona,itsomewhatunderstandswhatabadpersonais,”saysTagade.YinzhenLiatImperialCollegeLondonsaysitisworryinghowcurrentmodelscanbemisused,butdevelopersneedtoweighsuchriskswiththepotentialbenefitsofLLMs.“Likedrugs,theyalsohavesideeffectsthatneedtobecontrolled,”shesays.32.WhatdoestheAIjailbreakreferto?A.ThetechniquetobreakrestrictionsofAImodels.B.Theinitiativetosethard-codedrulesforAImodels.C.ThecapabilityofAImodelsimprovingthemselves.D.TheprocessofAImodelslearningnewinformation.33.Whatcanweknowaboutthepersonamodulation?A.ItcanhelpAImodelsunderstandemotions.B.ItpreventsAIlearningviaonlineconversations.C.ItforcesAImodelstofollowonlygoodpersonas.D.ItcanmakeAImodelsadoptaparticularpersona.34.Whatmaytheauthorsuggestbysayingtheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraph?A.TherisksofLLMscannotbeignored.B.Weneedtocontrolthesideeffectsofdrugs.C.It’sworthwhiletoexploreLLMs’potentialbenefits.D.WeshouldrestrictthedevelopmentofLLMs.35.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.LLMs:IllegalLearningModels B.LLMs:TheLatestAdvancementC.AIJailbreaks:ANewChallenge D.AIJailbreaks:APerfectApproach【答案】32.A33.D34.C35.C【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了人工智能模型（特別是大型語(yǔ)言模型）在遵循規(guī)則、防止不良行為方面存在的問題，以及研究人員對(duì)此進(jìn)行的探索和發(fā)現(xiàn)?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Manypubliclyavailablelargelanguagemodels(LLMs),suchasChatGPT,havehard-codedrulesthataimtopreventthemfromexhibitingracialorsexualdiscrimination,oransweringquestionswithillegalorproblematicanswers-thingstheyhavelearnedfromhumansviatrainingdata.Butthathasn’tstoppedpeoplefromfindingcarefullydesignedinstructionsthatblocktheseprotections,knownas“jailbreaks”,makingAImodelsdisobeytherules.(許多公開可用的大型語(yǔ)言模型（LLMs），如ChatGPT，都有硬編碼規(guī)則，旨在防止它們表現(xiàn)出種族或性別歧視，或用非法或有問題的答案來回答問題——這些都是它們通過訓(xùn)練數(shù)據(jù)從人類那里學(xué)到的。但這并沒有阻止人們找到精心設(shè)計(jì)的指令來繞過這些保護(hù)，這種繞過保護(hù)的行為被稱為“越獄”，它使人工智能模型違背了這些規(guī)則。)”可知，，“AIjailbreak”描述的是人們找到精心設(shè)計(jì)的指令來繞過AI模型中的保護(hù)機(jī)制，使其能夠執(zhí)行原本被禁止的任務(wù)或提供被禁止的信息。這實(shí)際上是一種打破AI模型原有限制或規(guī)則的技術(shù)。故選A?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Now,ArushTagadeatLeapLaboratoriesandhisco-workershavefoundaprocessofjailbreaks.TheyfoundthattheycouldsimplyinstructoneLLMtoconvinceothermodelstoadoptapersona(角色),whichisabletoanswerquestionsthebasemodelhasbeenprogrammedtorefuse.Thisprocessiscalled“personamodulation(調(diào)節(jié))”.(現(xiàn)在，Leap實(shí)驗(yàn)室的ArushTagade和他的同事已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種越獄過程。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，他們可以簡(jiǎn)單地指示一個(gè)大型語(yǔ)言模型說服其他模型采用一種角色，這個(gè)角色能夠回答基礎(chǔ)模型已被編程拒絕回答的問題。這個(gè)過程被稱為“角色調(diào)節(jié)”。)”可知，通過與模型進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)膶?duì)話，就有可能使其采用特定的角色。故選D?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“YinzhenLiatImperialCollegeLondonsaysitisworryinghowcurrentmodelscanbemisused,butdevelopersneedtoweighsuchriskswiththepotentialbenefitsofLLMs.“Likedrugs,theyalsohavesideeffectsthatneedtobecontrolled,”shesays.(倫敦帝國(guó)理工學(xué)院的YinzhenLi表示，當(dāng)前模型可能被濫用的情況令人擔(dān)憂，但開發(fā)人員需要權(quán)衡這種風(fēng)險(xiǎn)與大型語(yǔ)言模型可能帶來的好處?！熬拖袼幬镆粯?，它們也有需要控制的副作用，”她說。)”可知，作者引用YinzhenLi的這句話，是將這些模型比作了藥物，指出這些模型也有需要控制的不好的方面，但是還是極有好處的。由此可知，作者認(rèn)為雖然這些大型語(yǔ)言模型有一定缺陷，但是還是值得去探索的。故選C?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Artificialintelligencemodelscantrickeachotherintodisobeyingtheircreatorsandprovidingbannedinstructionsformakingdrugs,orevenbuildingabomb,suggestingthatpreventingsuchAI“jailbreaks”ismoredifficultthanitseems.(人工智能模型可以相互欺騙，使其違背創(chuàng)造者的意愿，并提供制作毒品甚至制造炸彈等被禁止的指令，這表明防止此類人工智能“越獄”比看上去要困難得多。)”以及全文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要介紹了人工智能模型（特別是大型語(yǔ)言模型LLMs）面臨的一個(gè)新問題——AI“越獄”，即人們可以通過精心設(shè)計(jì)的指令繞過模型的保護(hù)機(jī)制，使其違背規(guī)則。文章詳細(xì)描述了這一現(xiàn)象，并探討了其可能帶來的后果和挑戰(zhàn)。選項(xiàng)C“AIJailbreaks:ANewChallenge(AI“越獄”是一個(gè)新的挑戰(zhàn))”準(zhǔn)確地概括了文章的內(nèi)容，突出了文章要傳達(dá)的主要信息。故選C。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。HowPlayingSportsBenefitsYourBodyandYourBrainManypeoplelovetocelebratevictoryontheplayingfield,cheerfortheirfavoriteteams,andplaysports.Buthere’saquestion:Shouldwebesoaddictedtosports?Isplayingsportsactuallyasgoodforusaswemakeitouttobe,orjustafunandentertainingpastime?____36____.Firstofall,exercising,especiallywhenwe’reyoung,hasallsortsofhealthbenefits.Itstrengthensourbones,clearsoutbadcholesterol(膽固醇)fromourarteries,anddecreasestheriskofstroke,highbloodpressure,anddiabetes.Whenweworkout,ourbrainsalsoreleaseanumberofchemicals,includingendorphins(內(nèi)啡肽).Thesenaturalhormonescontrolpainandpleasureresponsesinthecentralnervoussystem.____37____.Studiesshowthatifyoucanfindasportandateamyoulike,thereareallsortsofbenefitsthatgobeyondthephysicalandmentalbenefitsofexercisealone.Inaddition,commitmenttoateamanddoingsomethingfuncanalsomakeiteasiertoestablisharegularhabitofexercise.Schoolsportparticipationhasalsobeenshowntoreducetheriskofsufferingfromdepressionforuptofouryears.____38____.Thereareafewreasonsforthat.Oneisfoundintraining.Justbyworkingatskills,especiallywithagoodcoach,youdevelopagrowthmindsetwithinyourself,whichisusefulinallwalksoflife.____39____.Theexperienceofcomingtotermswithdefeatcanbuildtheresilience(復(fù)原力)andself-awarenessnecessarytomanageacademic,social,andphysicalobstacles.Now,noteveryonewillenjoyeverysport.Butifyouspendsometimelooking,you’llbeabletofindasportthatfitsyourindividualneeds.____40____.You’llbeapartofasupportivecommunity,you’llbebuildingyourconfidence,you’llbeexercisingyourbody,andyou’llbenurturingyourmind.A.Whatdoessciencehavetosay?B.Therefore,you’llgetalotoffun.C.Theycanleadtofeelingsofexcitement.D.Andifyoudo,therearesomanybenefits.E.Andthenthereislearningthroughfailure.F.Shouldwegetmuchbenefitfromgoingtothegym?G.Meanwhile,yourself-esteem(自尊)andconfidencecangetabigboost.【答案】36.A37.C38.G39.E40.D【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)身體和大腦的好處?！?6題詳解】上文“Buthere’saquestion:Shouldwebesoaddictedtosports?Isplayingsportsactuallyasgoodforusaswemakeitouttobe,orjustafunandentertainingpastime?(但這里有一個(gè)問題：我們應(yīng)該如此沉迷于運(yùn)動(dòng)嗎？運(yùn)動(dòng)真的像我們所說的那樣對(duì)我們有好處，還是只是一種有趣和娛樂的消遣方式？)”提出了關(guān)于運(yùn)動(dòng)是否有益的兩個(gè)問題。A選項(xiàng)“Whatdoessciencehavetosay?(科學(xué)怎么說？)”承上啟下，繼續(xù)提問，引出下文關(guān)于運(yùn)動(dòng)好處的科學(xué)解釋，與上文問題相呼應(yīng)。故選A項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】上文“Thesenaturalhormonescontrolpainandpleasureresponsesinthecentralnervoussystem.(這些天然激素控制中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)中疼痛和快樂的反應(yīng))”講述了運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)大腦釋放的化學(xué)物質(zhì)及其作用。C選項(xiàng)“Theycanleadtofeelingsofexcitement.(它們能帶來興奮的感覺)”中的“They”指代上文提到的“Thesenaturalhormones”，說明這些激素能帶來興奮的感覺，與上文內(nèi)容緊密銜接。故選C項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】上文“Schoolsportparticipationhasalsobeenshowntoreducetheriskofsufferingfromdepressionforuptofouryears.(研究表明，參與學(xué)校體育活動(dòng)也可以將患抑郁癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)降低四年)”講述了參與學(xué)校體育活動(dòng)的好處。G選項(xiàng)“Meanwhile,yourself-esteem(自尊)andconfidencecangetabigboost.(與此同時(shí)，你的自尊和自信可以得到很大的提升)”進(jìn)一步說明參與體育活動(dòng)還可以提升自尊和自信，與上文構(gòu)成并列關(guān)系，共同闡述體育活動(dòng)的好處。故選G項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】上文“Oneisfoundintraining.Justbyworkingatskills,especiallywithagoodcoach,youdevelopagrowthmindsetwithinyourself,whichisusefulinallwalksoflife.(其中之一在于訓(xùn)練。僅僅通過練習(xí)技能，尤其是與一位好教練一起，你就能在自己內(nèi)心培養(yǎng)出一種成長(zhǎng)型思維，這對(duì)各行各業(yè)都有用)”講述了訓(xùn)練中的好處。E選項(xiàng)“Andthenthereislearningthroughfailure.(然后就是通過失敗來學(xué)習(xí))”引出另一種好處，即通過失敗來學(xué)習(xí)，與上文構(gòu)成并列關(guān)系，且“Andthen”表示遞進(jìn)，使文章結(jié)構(gòu)更加清晰。故選E項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】上文“Butifyouspendsometimelooking,you’llbeabletofindasportthatfitsyourindividualneeds.(但如果你花點(diǎn)時(shí)間尋找，你就能找到一項(xiàng)適合你個(gè)人需求的運(yùn)動(dòng))”講述了找到適合自己的運(yùn)動(dòng)的好處。D選項(xiàng)“Andifyoudo,therearesomanybenefits.(如果你這樣做了，就會(huì)有很多好處)”中的“ifyoudo”指代上文“spendsometimelookingandfindasportthatfitsyourindividualneeds”，說明如果這樣做了，就會(huì)有很多好處，與上文內(nèi)容緊密銜接，且引出下文對(duì)好處的具體闡述。故選D項(xiàng)。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。InScotland,asheep,knownasthe“l(fā)oneliestsheep”ontheearth,wastrappedatthebottomofacliffforovertwoyears.Agroupoffarmersmadeittheir___41___torescuethesheep.Thesheepwasfirst___42___in2021byakayaker(皮劃艇運(yùn)動(dòng)員)andhadbeenunabletomovefromthat___43___sincethen.Localagencieswere___44___butsaidthesheepwasnotindangerandcouldnotberescued.Oneofthefarmers,Wilson,namedthesheepFionaandprovided___45___aboutheronhissocialmediaaccountconstantly.Wilsonexplainedthatitwastoo___46___toattemptarescueearlierduetothedangerouslocationofthesheep.Heexpressedconcernsaboutthesafetyoftherescuersandthedifficultyof___47___thesheepbyboatorwithadog.However,aftercareful___48___,WilsonandfourothermensuccessfullyrescuedFionausingheavy___49___andawinch(絞車).They____50____broughthertotheslopeofthecliff.TheScottishSocietyforPreventionofCrueltytoAnimalswaspresentto____51____thewelfareofthesheep.TheyconfirmedthatFionawasingood____52____butneededherwooltobesheared(剪).Theownershipofthesheepwastransferredtothe____53____groupoffarmers.Wilson____54____thedetailsoftherescueandexpressedgratitudeforthesuccessful____55____.41.A.determination B.mission C.devotion D.ambition42.A.discovered B.investigated C.employed D.followed43.A.basis B.form C.spot D.extent44.A.sympathetic B.enthusiastic C.optimistic D.pessimistic45.A.comments B.identities C.benefits D.updates46.A.illegal B.expensive C.risky D.complex47.A.finding B.reaching C.defending D.caring48.A.training B.planning C.identifying D.interacting49.A.substance B.material C.equipment D.luggage50.A.frequently B.physically C.openly D.safely51.A.ensure B.guide C.promote D.provide52.A.order B.repair C.faith D.condition53.A.charity B.protection C.rescue D.cheering54.A.calledup B.broughtin C.brokedown D.reflectedon55.A.scene B.outcome C.output D.incident【答案】41.B42.A43.C44.A45.D46.C47.B48.B49.C50.D51.A52.D53.C54.D55.B【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了在蘇格蘭，一群農(nóng)民成功救援了一只被困在懸崖底部?jī)赡甓嗟难虻墓适?。?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：一群農(nóng)民把營(yíng)救這只羊作為他們的使命。A.determination決心；B.mission使命；C.devotion奉獻(xiàn)；D.ambition雄心。根據(jù)后文“torescuethesheep”可知，一群農(nóng)民把營(yíng)救這只羊作為他們的使命。故選B項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這只羊最初是在2021年被一名皮劃艇運(yùn)動(dòng)員發(fā)現(xiàn)的，從那時(shí)起它就無(wú)法從那個(gè)地方移動(dòng)了。A.discovered發(fā)現(xiàn)；B.investigated調(diào)查；C.employed雇傭；D.followed跟隨。根據(jù)前文“wastrappedatthebottomofacliffforovertwoyears”和后文“byakayaker”可知，這只羊是被皮劃艇運(yùn)動(dòng)員發(fā)現(xiàn)的。故選A項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.basis基礎(chǔ)；B.form形式；C.spot地點(diǎn)，地方；D.extent程度。根據(jù)前文“wastrappedatthebottomofacliff”可知，這只羊被困在了“懸崖底部”，這是一個(gè)地方。故選C項(xiàng)。【44題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)?shù)貦C(jī)構(gòu)表示同情，但表示這只羊沒有危險(xiǎn)，無(wú)法救援。A.sympathetic同情的；B.enthusiastic熱情的；C.optimistic樂觀的；D.pessimistic悲觀的。根據(jù)前文“asheep,knownasthe“l(fā)oneliestsheep”ontheearth,wastrappedatthebottomofacliffforovertwoyears”和后文“butsaidthesheepwasnotindangerandcouldnotberescued”可知，對(duì)于這只被困長(zhǎng)達(dá)兩年多的地球上“最孤獨(dú)的羊”，當(dāng)?shù)貦C(jī)構(gòu)表示同情，但無(wú)法救援。故選A項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：其中一位農(nóng)民Wilson給這只羊取名為Fiona，并在他的社交媒體賬戶上不斷提供關(guān)于她的最新消息。A.comments評(píng)論；B.identities身份；C.benefits利益；D.updates更新。根據(jù)后文“onhissocialmediaaccountconstantly”可知，Wilson在社交媒體上不斷更新關(guān)于這只羊的消息。故選D項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：Wilson解釋說，由于羊所處的位置危險(xiǎn)，早些時(shí)候嘗試救援太冒險(xiǎn)了。A.illegal非法的；B.expensive昂貴的；C.risky冒險(xiǎn)的；D.complex復(fù)雜的。根據(jù)后文“duetothedangerouslocationofthesheep”可知，由于羊所處的位置危險(xiǎn)，所以嘗試救援是冒險(xiǎn)的。故選C項(xiàng)。【47題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他對(duì)救援人員的安全以及乘船或用狗到達(dá)羊身邊的難度表示擔(dān)憂。A.finding發(fā)現(xiàn)；B.reaching到達(dá)；C.defending防衛(wèi)；D.caring關(guān)心。根據(jù)后文“th