江蘇省南通市如皋市2024-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期期初調(diào)研測(cè)試英語(yǔ)試卷（解析版）

高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1江蘇省南通市如皋市2024-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期期初調(diào)研測(cè)試英語(yǔ)試卷第一部分聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分30分)第一節(jié)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話(huà)。每段對(duì)話(huà)后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話(huà)后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話(huà)僅讀一遍。1.Howmanyschoolsuppliesdoestheboyneed?A.Three.B.Four.C.Five2.WhydoesMikemakeastop?A.Heneedstorest.B.Itisthelunchtime.C.Themotorcyclebrokedown.3.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Theweather.B.Theirfavoriteseasons.C.Aplanforthisweek.4.WhatisthenewsaboutSanJosé?A.Thereisthebestpublictransportation.B.Itwilltakemeasurestobancars.C.AllElectricBuseswillbereplaced.5.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Husbandandwife.B.Waitressandcustomer.C.Motherandson.第二節(jié)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whydoesthemanphotographthesametreeeveryday?A.Toevokememoriesfromthepast.B.Toexhibitthephotosintheneighborhood.C.Toshowitschangesthroughdifferentseasons.7Whichphotodoesthemanlikebest?A.Theonetakeninspring.B.Theonetakeninsummer.C.Theonetakeninwinter.聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8至9題。8.whatdoesthewomansayabouthernewjob?A.It’sverychallenging.B.It’scloserindistance.C.It’ssimilartoheroldjob.9.Whatwillthemandotonight?A.Designcommercials.B.Havedinnerwiththewoman.C.Readarticlesaboutgoodrestaurants.聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Whenwillthemachinebeavailable?A.OnMonday.B.OnWednesday.C.OnThursday.11.Whatistherequirementforrepair?A.Anagreement.B.Areceipt.C.Somemoney.12.Whatkindofserviceisofferedaboutthemachine?A.Itcanbereturnedwithin5days.B.Itcanbedeliveredfreeofcharge.C.Itcanbeexchangedwithin14days.聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.WheredoesMr,Kingworknow?A.Atacollege.B,Atawildlifepark.C.Ataresearchcenter.14.Howdoesthewomansoundwhenhearingaboutthefinding?A.Surprised.B.Worried.C.Proud.15.HowdoAfricanwilddogsvote?A.Bysneezing.B.Byswingingtails.C.Byreachingoutpaws.16.WhendidMr.KingprobablyleaveBotswana?A.OnMarch10th.B.OnMarch12th.C.OnMarch24th.聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Whatsubjectdothelistenersprobablymajorin?A.English.B.History.C.Music.18.WherewillthelistenersgoonJuly5th?A.Acastle.B.Astatelyhome.C.Amuseum.19.HowlongisthecanteenopenonFridays?A.5.5hours.B4.5hours.C.3hours.20.WhatisMrs.Greeninchargeof?A.Thecanteen.B.Therecreationcenter.C.Theaccommodation.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ATheHighSchoolCreatorExpoisameltingpotofhands-onactivities,interactivedemonstrations,andeducationalworkshopsthatbringthewondersofscienceandtechnologytolife.Highlights:*Engagewithcutting-edgetechnologiessuchasvirtualreality,augmentedreality,androbotics.Explorehowthesetechnologiesareshapingourworldandinspiringnewwaysoflearning,creating,andcommunicating.*Participateinworkshopsledbyindustryexpertsandeducators,whereyou'lllearnhowtocode,designapps,buildcircuits,andcreateyourowntechprojects.Thesesessionsaredesignedtosparkyourcreativityandfosteraloveforproblem-solving.*Meetprofessionalsfromvariousfieldsoftechnology,includingsoftwaredevelopmentengineering,datascience,andcybersecurity.They’llsharetheirexperiences,offeradviceoncareerpaths,andansweryourquestions,helpingyouchartyourtech-drivenfuture.*Showcaseyourskillsincodingcompetitions,roboticschallenges,andothertech-themedevents.Competeagainstfellowstudents,winprizes,andgainvaluableexperiencethatcanhelpyoustandoutincollegeapplicationsandfuturejobinterviews.*Connectwithlike-mindedstudents,educators,andindustryprofessionals.Makenewfriends,buildyournetwork,anddiscoverpotentialmentorswhocanguideyouonyourtechjourney.TheHighschoolCreatorExpoisnotjustaboutlearningabouttechnology,itsaboutempoweringyoutobecometheinnovators,creators,andproblem-solversoftomorrow.Markyourcalendarsandgetreadytobeinspired,educated,andentertainedattheHighSchoolCreatorExpo!1.WhoistheExpointendedfor?A.Universitystaff. B.Techenthusiasts.C.Businessowners. D.Technologytutors2.HowcanonebenefitfromtheExpo?A.Promotingtheirproducts B.Havingjobinterviews.C.Gettingcareerinsights. D.Shapingtheworld.3.Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A.Aschoolnewspaper. B.AnacademicarticleC.Atechnologylecture. D.Aprojecthandbook【答案】1.B2.C3.A【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是應(yīng)用文。主要介紹了“高中創(chuàng)作者博覽會(huì)”，列舉了博覽會(huì)的亮點(diǎn)，如接觸前沿技術(shù)、參加專(zhuān)家研討會(huì)、與專(zhuān)業(yè)人士交流、參加技術(shù)競(jìng)賽以及建立人脈網(wǎng)絡(luò)等【1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“TheHighSchoolCreatorExpoisameltingpotofhands-onactivities,interactivedemonstrations,andeducationalworkshopsthatbringthewondersofscienceandtechnologytolife.(高中創(chuàng)造者博覽會(huì)是一個(gè)實(shí)踐活動(dòng)、互動(dòng)演示和教育研討會(huì)的大熔爐，將科學(xué)和技術(shù)的奇跡帶入生活)”以及第二段“Engagewithcutting-edgetechnologiessuchasvirtualreality,augmentedreality,androbotics.Explorehowthesetechnologiesareshapingourworldandinspiringnewwaysoflearning,creating,andcommunicating.(接觸尖端技術(shù)，如虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)、增強(qiáng)現(xiàn)實(shí)和機(jī)器人。探索這些技術(shù)如何塑造我們的世界，并激發(fā)新的學(xué)習(xí)、創(chuàng)造和交流方式)”可知，博覽會(huì)是為技術(shù)愛(ài)好者舉辦的。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Meetprofessionalsfromvariousfieldsoftechnology,includingsoftwaredevelopmentengineering,datascience,andcybersecurity.They’llsharetheirexperiences,offeradviceoncareerpaths,andansweryourquestions,helpingyouchartyourtech-drivenfuture.(會(huì)見(jiàn)來(lái)自不同技術(shù)領(lǐng)域的專(zhuān)業(yè)人士，包括軟件開(kāi)發(fā)工程、數(shù)據(jù)科學(xué)和網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全。他們會(huì)分享他們的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，提供職業(yè)道路建議，并回答你的問(wèn)題，幫助你規(guī)劃你的技術(shù)驅(qū)動(dòng)的未來(lái))”可知，在博覽會(huì)上可以獲得職業(yè)洞察力。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“TheHighschoolCreatorExpoisnotjustaboutlearningabouttechnology,itsaboutempoweringyoutobecometheinnovators,creators,andproblem-solversoftomorrow.Markyourcalendarsandgetreadytobeinspired,educated,andentertainedattheHighSchoolCreatorExpo!(高中創(chuàng)作人博覽會(huì)不僅僅是關(guān)于學(xué)習(xí)技術(shù)，也是關(guān)于讓你們成為未來(lái)的創(chuàng)新者、創(chuàng)造者和問(wèn)題解決者。在你的日歷上做上標(biāo)記，準(zhǔn)備好在高中創(chuàng)造者博覽會(huì)上獲得靈感、教育和娛樂(lè)吧!)”可知，這篇文章可能出自學(xué)校報(bào)紙，用于宣傳和鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生參加博覽會(huì)。故選A項(xiàng)。BAtjust5yearsold,littleSelahnoticedthatmanyofherfellowkindergartenclassmateswerestrugglingwiththeirABCsanddidn’tknowhowtoread,soshewantedtodosomething.Thedeterminedgirlenlisted(爭(zhēng)取)thehelpofherparentsandTheEmpoweredReadersLiteracyProjectwasborn.Afterlisteningtotheirdaughter’sconcerns,KhalilandNicoleThompsonresearchedtheissueandfoundsomeshockinginformationaboutliteracyhereinAmericaincludingthefactthat85%ofchildreninthejuvenile(少年的)prisonsystemarefunctionallyilliterate.“Allthesecrazystatisticsforliteracyblewourminds,”saysKhalilThompson.“Thestatisticssaidsomeprisonsforecastthenumberofprisoncellstheyaregoingtobuildinthefuturebasedonthird-gradereadingtestscores.”Despitetheawesomenatureoftheproblemtheywerefacing,thecouplewasspurredonbySelah’sresolution,“Wereally,shouldjustgiveaway20hundredthousandbooks,”Nicoleremarks,recallingherdaughter’swords,thefamilygottowork—startinginitiativessuchasProject500andtheirHolidayBookDrive.Astheybegan,oneofthemainissuesthefamilyfound,contributingtoilliteracy,wasrepresentation—childrenare,notasexcitedaboutreadingwhentheydon’tfindthemselvesreflectedinthepagesofthebook.Andafterrealizingthatveryfewofthecharactersinthestoriesshe’dreadlookedlikeher.Selahthendecidedtowriteabookofherownthatfeaturesaheroinewholookslikeherandshareshersameinterestsandsenseofadventure.InNovember2019,Selah’sfirstbookPenelopethePrivatePrincess,waspublished,andthesequel(續(xù)集)justreleasedinDecember2020.“Thereissomushinspirationbehindthefactthatthisisachildthatwrotethisstoryandcameupwiththis”saysKhalil.“Youcanreclaimyourstory,doyourownstory,anddoallthethingsthatadultsatyouryoungageandyoushouldreallyknowthatyouhavepowerinyourvoiceandideas.”4.WhydoesKhalilmentionthepracticeofprisonsPara.2?A.Toprovetheaccuracyofhisstatistics.B.Tostresstheimportanceofearlyreading.C.Toindicatetheconsequencesofilliteracy.D.Topredictthetrendoffuturejuvenilecrime.5.Whatcanwelearnfromthethirdparagraph?A.ThewordsofSelahforcedthecoupletowork.B.Theparentswereencouragedbytheirdaughter.C.Thenumberofthebookneededistoobigtoreach.D.Theawesomenatureoftheproblemsurprisedthecouple.6.What’stheproblemNicolediscoveredinkid’sbooks?A.Theirplotswereuninteresting. B.Theillustrationswerenotlifelike.C.Kidswererepresentedinsufficiently. D.Thecolorsappliedwereunattractive.7.What’sthemaincharacterlikeinPenelopethePiratePrincess?A.Wealthyandpowerful. B.Naughtyandtroublesome.C.Talentedandsensitive. D.Determinedandadventurous.【答案】4.C5.B6.C7.D【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章通過(guò)講述一個(gè)5歲小女孩Selah如何注意到同學(xué)在閱讀上的困難，并在父母的幫助下創(chuàng)立了閱讀項(xiàng)目，最終還自己寫(xiě)了一本書(shū)的故事，展現(xiàn)了她的決心和行動(dòng)力?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Afterlisteningtotheirdaughter’sconcerns,KhalilandNicoleThompsonresearchedtheissueandfoundsomeshockinginformationaboutliteracyhereinAmericaincludingthefactthat85%ofchildreninthejuvenile(少年的)prisonsystemarefunctionallyilliterate.“Allthesecrazystatisticsforliteracyblewourminds,”saysKhalilThompson.“Thestatisticssaidsomeprisonsforecastthenumberofprisoncellstheyaregoingtobuildinthefuturebasedonthird-gradereadingtestscores.”(在聽(tīng)了女兒的擔(dān)憂(yōu)后，哈利勒和妮可·湯普森研究了這個(gè)問(wèn)題，發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些令人震驚的信息，包括美國(guó)青少年監(jiān)獄系統(tǒng)中85%的兒童是功能性文盲?！八羞@些關(guān)于讀寫(xiě)能力的瘋狂統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)讓我們大吃一驚，”哈利勒·湯普森說(shuō)?！敖y(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)顯示，一些監(jiān)獄根據(jù)三年級(jí)的閱讀測(cè)試成績(jī)來(lái)預(yù)測(cè)他們未來(lái)將要建造的牢房數(shù)量?！?”可知，本段提到監(jiān)獄的做法是為了說(shuō)明文盲的后果。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Despitetheawesomenatureoftheproblemtheywerefacing,thecouplewasspurredonbySelah’sresolution,“Wereally,shouldjustgiveaway20hundredthousandbooks,”Nicoleremarks,recallingherdaughter’swords,Thefamilygottowork—startinginitiativessuchasProject500andtheirHolidayBookDrive.(盡管他們面臨的問(wèn)題很?chē)?yán)重，但這對(duì)夫婦受到了塞拉決心的鼓舞。“我們真的應(yīng)該捐贈(zèng)20萬(wàn)本書(shū)，”妮可回憶起女兒的話(huà)時(shí)說(shuō)道。這家人開(kāi)始行動(dòng)起來(lái)，發(fā)起了諸如“500項(xiàng)目”和“假日?qǐng)D書(shū)捐贈(zèng)活動(dòng)”等倡議)”可知，妮可夫婦受到了塞拉決心的鼓舞。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Astheybegan,oneofthemainissuesthefamilyfound,contributingtoilliteracy,wasrepresentation—childrenare,notasexcitedaboutreadingwhentheydon’tfindthemselvesreflectedinthepagesofthebook.Andafterrealizingthatveryfewofthecharactersinthestoriesshe’dreadlookedlikeher.Selahthendecidedtowriteabookofherownthatfeaturesaheroinewholookslikeherandshareshersameinterestsandsenseofadventure.(當(dāng)他們開(kāi)始行動(dòng)時(shí)，這個(gè)家庭發(fā)現(xiàn)導(dǎo)致文盲的主要原因之一是代表性——當(dāng)孩子們?cè)跁?shū)頁(yè)上看不到自己的影子時(shí)，他們就不會(huì)那么熱衷于閱讀。在意識(shí)到她讀過(guò)的故事中很少有角色長(zhǎng)得像她之后，塞拉決定自己寫(xiě)一本書(shū)，書(shū)中的女主角長(zhǎng)得像她，和她有同樣的興趣和冒險(xiǎn)精神)”可知，妮可在兒童讀物中發(fā)現(xiàn)了書(shū)中兒童沒(méi)有得到充分的代表。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Selahthendecidedtowriteabookofherownthatfeaturesaheroinewholookslikeherandshareshersameinterestsandsenseofadventure.InNovember2019,Selah’sfirstbookPenelopethePrivatePrincess,waspublished,andthesequel(續(xù)集)justreleasedinDecember2020.(在意識(shí)到她讀過(guò)的故事中很少有角色長(zhǎng)得像她之后，塞拉決定自己寫(xiě)一本書(shū)，書(shū)中的女主角長(zhǎng)得像她，和她有同樣的興趣和冒險(xiǎn)精神。2019年11月，塞拉的第一本書(shū)PenelopethePiratePrincess出版了，續(xù)集也在2020年12月剛剛發(fā)行)”可知，PenelopethePiratePrincess中的主角是塞拉一樣，做事充滿(mǎn)決心并且有冒險(xiǎn)精神的。故選D項(xiàng)。CHighemployment,fallinginflation(通貨膨脹),andeconomicgrowth.Onthesurface,theUSeconomycurrentlyseemstobedoinggreat.Butasitturnsout,thingsarenotsorosyfortheaverageworkingAmerican.AccordingtoaMarch6surveyconductedbytheSavingswebsite,47percentofparentsprovidesomedegreeoffinancialsupporttotheiradultchildrentohelpdealwiththecostoflivingstruggles.GenZers(definedinthesurveyasaged18-27)werefoundtobethemostlikelygenerationtogetfinancialhelpfromtheirparents,receivingonaverage1,515dollars(about10.950an)permonth.Still,manyolderparentswerefoundtobesupportingtheirMillennial(aged28-43)orGenerationX(aged44-59)adultchildren,accountingfor21percentofparentsprovidingsupport.Themostcommonexpensescitedweregroceries,tuitionandhealthinsurance,amongothers,reportedTheGuardian.ButwhyaresomanyUSadults,bothyoungandold,strugglingto“l(fā)eavethenest”?Onemajorreasonissoaringfoodprices.AccordingtotheUSDepartmentofAgriculture,foodpricesareexpectedtoincreasebynearly2.5percentacrosstheboardin2024.Meanwhile,stablehousingremainsanelusivedreamformany.Theaverageratefora30-year,fixedratemortgage(抵押貸款)wasalmost8percentinOctober2023,saidtheMortgageaBankersAssociation.AnextremelyexpensivemortgagemeansthatmanyAmericansarepricedoutofaffordingtheirownhome.Thefinalpieceofthepuzzleisfallingsalaries.Previousgenerationswereabletocountongraduatingfromcollegeasthekeytolandingajobthatpaidwell.Butnow,youngUSgraduateshavefoundthattheyearnlessthantheirparents.AccordingtoaCNBCanalysis,collegegraduatesalarieshavedecreasedmorethan10percentinfourdecadesafteradjustingforinflation.Inotherwords,steadilydecliningsalariesmakeitevenharderforyoungAmericanstocopewithsteadilyrisingcosts.ASGenZersintheUSstruggleunderfinancialpressures,sodotheoldergenerationssupportingthem,astheirgenerosityputstheirprospectsforretirementatrisk.TheSavingswebsitediscoveredthatworkingparentswerefoundtocontribute“2.4timesmoretosupportadultchildrenthantheycontributetotheirretirementaccountseachmonth”.Essentially,whiletheUSeconomyremainsafloat,wemightwitnessmultiplegenerationsofAmericanssinkingintheirownlifeboatsintheyearsahead.8.WhatdidtheMarch6surveyfindoutaboutadultchildrenintheUS?A.Nearlyhalfofthemarefinanciallydependent.B.OverhalfofGenZersarefinanciallystruggling.C.GenerationXoftenoffertheirparentsfinancialaid.D.Amajorityofthemrelyontheirparentsforeducation.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“elusive”inparagraph5mostprobablymean?A.Easytorealize. B.Difficulttoachieve.C.Oftenmisunderstood. D.Commonlysoughtafter.10.WhatcanbeinferredfromthearticleaboutpeoplenowintheUS?A.Governmentpoliciesfavoroldergenerations.B.Collegeeducationguaranteesawell-paidjob.C.Salariesforgraduatesremainstableinfourdecades.D.Financialpressuresaffectboththeyoungandtheold.11.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardthefutureprospectsofAmericans?A.Reserved. B.Optimistic. C.Negative. D.Wait-and-see.【答案】8.A9.B10.D11.C【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要講述了美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)表面上看似乎繁榮，但實(shí)際上普通美國(guó)人面臨著諸多經(jīng)濟(jì)挑戰(zhàn)和壓力的問(wèn)題?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“AccordingtoaMarch6surveyconductedbytheSavingswebsite,47percentofparentsprovidesomedegreeoffinancialsupporttotheiradultchildrentohelpdealwiththecostoflivingstruggles.(美國(guó)儲(chǔ)蓄網(wǎng)站3月6日進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示，47%的父母為成年子女提供某種程度的經(jīng)濟(jì)支持，以幫助他們解決生活困難。)”可知，3月6日的調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)了美國(guó)成年子女其中近一半的人在經(jīng)濟(jì)上依賴(lài)他人。故選A項(xiàng)。【9題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)后文“Theaverageratefora30-year,fixedratemortgage(抵押貸款)wasalmost8percentinOctober2023,saidtheMortgageaBankersAssociation.AnextremelyexpensivemortgagemeansthatmanyAmericansarepricedoutofaffordingtheirownhome.(抵押貸款銀行家協(xié)會(huì)表示，2023年10月，30年期固定利率抵押貸款的平均利率接近8%。極其昂貴的抵押貸款意味著許多美國(guó)人已經(jīng)買(mǎi)不起自己的房子了。)”可知，許多美國(guó)人負(fù)擔(dān)不起自己的房子，由此可推知，穩(wěn)定的住房仍是許多人難以實(shí)現(xiàn)的夢(mèng)想，由此則elusive意為“很難實(shí)現(xiàn)的”和B項(xiàng)意思相近。故選B。【10題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的“ASGenZersintheUSstruggleunderfinancialpressures,sodotheoldergenerationssupportingthem,astheirgenerosityputstheirprospectsforretirementatrisk.TheSavingswebsitediscoveredthatworkingparentswerefoundtocontribute“2.4timesmoretosupportadultchildrenthantheycontributetotheirretirementaccountseachmonth”.(隨著美國(guó)Z世代承受著巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)壓力，支持他們的老一輩人也面臨著同樣的困境，因?yàn)樗麄兊目犊饽椅＜傲俗约旱耐诵萸熬?。?chǔ)蓄網(wǎng)站發(fā)現(xiàn)，“每月為成年子女提供的支持金額是父母為退休賬戶(hù)存入金額的2.4倍”)”可知，經(jīng)濟(jì)壓力對(duì)年輕人和老年人都有影響。故選D?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Essentially,whiletheUSeconomyremainsafloat,wemightwitnessmultiplegenerationsofAmericanssinkingintheirownlifeboatsintheyearsahead.(從本質(zhì)上講，盡管美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)仍然保持運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，但在未來(lái)幾年里，我們可能會(huì)看到多代美國(guó)人在自己的救生艇中沉沒(méi)。)”可知，作者對(duì)美國(guó)人的未來(lái)持消極的態(tài)度。故選C項(xiàng)。DThehumanbrainisapowerfulnaturalcomputerthathasevolvedovertensofthousandsofyears.Butwhatwouldyougetifyoucombinedthisbiologicalcomputerwitharealone?ResearchersatIndianaUniversityBloomingtonintheUShavelinkedhumanbrain-liketissuestoanelectronicchip,whichcanperformsimplecomputertasks.Theircreation,namedBrainoware,ispartofagrowingfieldcalledbiologicalcomputingthatmightonedayandobetterthancurrentcomputers,accordingtoNature.Thebrain-liketissuestheresearchersused,also,knownasbrainorganoids(類(lèi)器官)weren’tpartofalivingperson’sbrain.Theywere“grown”fromhumanstemcells,whicharecapableofproducingdifferenttypesofcellsandformingbodytissues.Ittooktwomonthsforthestemcellstomatureintoanorganoid.Theresearchersthenplacedoneorganoidontoanelectronicchipwiththousandsofelectrodes(電極).Althoughorganoidsaremuchsimplerandsmallerthananactualbrain,theyactsimilarlytohumanbrains,suchasrespondingtoelectricalsignals,whichisWhatourbraindoesallthetime.Theseresponsesleadtochangesinthebrain,whichfuelourabilitytolearn.TotestBrainoware,theresearchersuseditforvoicerecognitionbytrainingitwith240Japaneserecordingsspokenbyeightspeakers.Theyfoundthattheorganoidreacteddifferenttowardeachvoice.Withanaccuracyof78percent,itsuccessfullyidentifiedthespeakersbyshowingdifferentneuralactivities.What’sspecialaboutBrainowareisthatresearcherscantakeadvantageoftheorganoid’scomplexitywithoutunderstandingitscellnetworks,accordingtoDailyMail.Inotherwords,scientistsdon’tneedtoknowexactlyhowtheorganoidworksinordertouseit.Accordingtotheresearchers'workpublishedinDecember,combiningorganoidsandelectronicchipscouldincreasethespeedandefficiencyofAIinthefuture.Also,suchmodelscanbeusedtostudyhumanbrains,accordingtoNature.UsingBrainowaretomodelandstudyneurologicaldisorders,suchasAlzheimersdisease,isoneexample.Itcouldalsobeusedtotesttheeffectsofdifferenttreatmentsforsuchdiseases.“That’swherethepromiseis:usingthetoonedayhopefullyreplaceanimalmodelsofthebrain,”ArtiAhluwalia,aresearcherinTaly,toldNature.12.Whatdoweknowaboutthetissuesusedbytheresearchers?A.Theywereartificiallyconstructed.B.Theyformedacompletehumanbrain.C.Theywereharvestedfromdeadhumanbodies.D.Theywereculturedfromspecifichumancells.13.WhatsuccessdidBrinowareachieveinthevoicerecognitiontest?A.Distinguishingthevoicesbetweenspeakers.B.Understandingthecontentoftherecordings.C.Showingpreferencesforsomeofthevoices.D.Correctlymatchingallthespeakerswiththeirvoices.14.WhatmakesBrainowarespecial,accordingtoDailyMail?A.Itscomplexityiseasytolearnandunderstand.B.Itopensupnewpossibilitiesforstudyinghumanbrains.C.Itscellnetworksarethesameasthoseofhumanbrains.D.Noin-depthknowledgeoforganoidsisneededtouseit.15.WhatdoesthelastparagraphfocusonregardingBrainoware?A.Itsunderlyingproblems. B.Itspotentialapplications.C.ItsinfluenceonAItechnology. D.Itscontributiontoanimalwelfare.【答案】12.D13.A14.D15.B【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文體裁為說(shuō)明文。美國(guó)印第安納大學(xué)的研究團(tuán)隊(duì)開(kāi)發(fā)了一種名為Brainoware的技術(shù)，將類(lèi)似人腦的組織與電子芯片相結(jié)合，實(shí)現(xiàn)了簡(jiǎn)單的計(jì)算任務(wù)，如聲音識(shí)別，為生物計(jì)算領(lǐng)域帶來(lái)了新進(jìn)展?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Theywere“grown”fromhumanstemcells,whicharecapableofproducingdifferenttypesofcellsandformingbodytissues.(它們是從人類(lèi)干細(xì)胞中“培養(yǎng)”出來(lái)的，這些干細(xì)胞能夠產(chǎn)生不同類(lèi)型的細(xì)胞并形成身體組織)”可知，它們是從特定的人類(lèi)細(xì)胞中培養(yǎng)出來(lái)的。故選D項(xiàng)。【13題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Theyfoundthattheorganoidreacteddifferenttowardeachvoice.Withanaccuracyof78percent,itsuccessfullyidentifiedthespeakersbyshowingdifferentneuralactivities.(他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，類(lèi)器官對(duì)每種聲音的反應(yīng)不同。它通過(guò)顯示不同的神經(jīng)活動(dòng)，成功地識(shí)別了說(shuō)話(huà)者，準(zhǔn)確率達(dá)到了78%)”可知，Brainoware在聲音識(shí)別測(cè)試中成功地區(qū)分了不同說(shuō)話(huà)人的聲音。故選A項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“What’sspecialaboutBrainowareisthatresearcherscantakeadvantageoftheorganoid’scomplexitywithoutunderstandingitscellnetworks,accordingtoDailyMail.(據(jù)《每日郵報(bào)》報(bào)道，Brainoware的特別之處在于，研究人員可以在不了解細(xì)胞網(wǎng)絡(luò)的情況下利用這種類(lèi)器官的復(fù)雜性)”可知，Brainoware的獨(dú)特之處在于不需要深入了解其細(xì)胞網(wǎng)絡(luò)就能使用它。故選D項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。由文章最后一段“Accordingtotheresearchers'workpublishedinDecember,combiningorganoidsandelectronicchipscouldincreasethespeedandefficiencyofAIinthefuture.Also,suchmodelscanbeusedtostudyhumanbrains,accordingtoNature.UsingBrainowaretomodelandstudyneurologicaldisorders,suchasAlzheimersdisease,isoneexample.Itcouldalsobeusedtotesttheeffectsofdifferenttreatmentsforsuchdiseases.“That’swherethepromiseis:usingthetoonedayhopefullyreplaceanimalmodelsofthebrain,”ArtiAhluwalia,aresearcherinTaly,toldNature.(根據(jù)研究人員去年12月發(fā)表的研究成果，將類(lèi)器官和電子芯片結(jié)合起來(lái)，未來(lái)可以提高人工智能的速度和效率。此外，根據(jù)《自然》雜志的報(bào)道，這樣的模型可以用來(lái)研究人類(lèi)的大腦。使用brainware來(lái)模擬和研究神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)疾病，如阿爾茨海默病，就是一個(gè)例子。它還可以用來(lái)測(cè)試對(duì)這類(lèi)疾病的不同治療方法的效果。意大利的研究人員ArtiAhluwalia在接受《自然》雜志采訪時(shí)表示：“這就是前景所在：有一天，這些技術(shù)有望取代動(dòng)物的大腦模型?！?”可知，最后一段主要介紹了Brainoware在未來(lái)可能的應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域，包括用于研究神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)疾病模型，以及可能替代動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)等。因此，該段落的重點(diǎn)在于Brainoware的潛在應(yīng)用。故選B項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Doesthesoundofrainreallyhelpyoufallasleep?You’velikelyheardthatthepitterpatteringofraindropscanhelppeoplefallasleep.There’salsoresearchthatsupportstheideathatrainsoundsareausefulsleepaid.Here’swhattoknow.____16____Rainsoundscanmaskothersharpernoisesinyourenvironment.Thinkofadrippingfaucet(水龍頭)intheotherroominuttersilence;itcouldbeveryannoying.Withamaskingbackgroundofwindintheleaves,asoftrain,orsomegentlewavesplayingonalooponaspeaker,thedripwouldneverbenoticed.____17____RainsoundsmightliterallyhittherightfrequenciesBymaskingbackgroundsounds,raintracksmightseemlikethey’rejustordinarywhitenoise,buttheyarenot.____18____Theyarenamedaftercolors.Rainsoundsareconsideredpinknoise,whichischaracterizedbyloudersoundsatalowfrequencyandsoftersoundsathighfrequencies.Someresearchsuggeststhatpinknoiseinparticularcanimprovesleepinhealthyindividuals.Butthismaynotbethecaseforeveryone.ResearchsuggeststhatnaturehasacalmingeffectInadditiontohelpingpeoplefallasleep,rainsoundscanbestraight-uprelaxing.____19____Evidencepointstopsychologicalbenefits,includingincreasedcognitivecapacityandreducedanxietyandstress.Peopleexposedtonaturesoundsina2017studyhadanincreasedparasympatheticresponse,meaningthatthecalmingpartoftheirnervoussystemwasactivatedbythesetracks.Shouldyoutryrainsounds?Rainormighthelpsomepeoplebutherenorforeveryone.____20____Oneperson’sgentlerainisanotherone’sfloodworryorneedtogotothebathroom.Similarly,gentlerainwithdistantthunderiscalmingforsomeandalarmingforothers.Willtheyworkforyou?There’sonlyonewaytofindout!There’sonlyonewaytofindout!A.Rainnoisehidesothersounds.B.Rainnoisessometimesdisruptseep.C.Sorainsoundscancreateacalmingbackgroundnoise.D.Whitenoiseisanumbrellatermforavarietyofsounds.E.Thismayboildowntothefactthatthey’reanaturalsound.F.It’sworthexperimentingwiththefrequencytoseeifitcanworkforyou.G.Differentsoundswillbringoutdifferentresponsesdependingontheindividual.【答案】16.A17.C18.D19.E20.G【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了雨聲如何幫助人們?nèi)胨?，以及相關(guān)的科學(xué)研究支持這一觀點(diǎn)。文章還討論了雨聲的頻率特性、其對(duì)人們心理的益處，以及雨聲對(duì)不同個(gè)體可能產(chǎn)生的不同效果?！?6題詳解】分析設(shè)空，為本句小標(biāo)題，根據(jù)后文“Rainsoundscanmaskothersharpernoisesinyourenvironment.(雨聲可以掩蓋你周?chē)h(huán)境中其他更尖銳的噪音)”可知，這一段主要講述雨聲能隱藏其他噪音，A選項(xiàng)“Rainnoisehidesothersounds.(雨聲掩蓋了其他聲音)”符合本段主題，能概括該段內(nèi)容。故選A項(xiàng)。【17題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Withamaskingbackgroundofwindintheleaves,asoftrain,orsomegentlewavesplayingonalooponaspeaker,thedripwouldneverbenoticed.(有了樹(shù)葉上的風(fēng)，柔和的雨，或者揚(yáng)聲器上循環(huán)播放的一些溫柔的波浪，滴水永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)被注意到)”可知，雨聲能創(chuàng)造一個(gè)平靜的背景，C項(xiàng)“Sorainsoundscancreateacalmingbackgroundnoise.(所以雨聲可以創(chuàng)造一種平靜的背景噪音)”與上文邏輯連貫，是對(duì)前文的總結(jié)。故選C項(xiàng)。【18題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Bymaskingbackgroundsounds,raintracksmightseemlikethey’rejustordinarywhitenoise,buttheyarenot.(通過(guò)掩蓋背景聲音，雨水軌跡可能看起來(lái)只是普通的白噪音，但事實(shí)并非如此)”以及后文“Theyarenamedaftercolors.(它們以顏色命名)”可知，前文提出了新的概念“白噪音”，此處在解釋?zhuān)訢項(xiàng)“Whitenoiseisanumbrellatermforavarietyofsounds.(白噪音是各種聲音的總稱(chēng))”符合此處主題，是對(duì)“白噪音”的解釋。故選D項(xiàng)。【19題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Inadditiontohelpingpeoplefallasleep,rainsoundscanbestraight-uprelaxing.(除了幫助人們?nèi)胨?，雨聲還能讓人放松)”以及后文“Evidencepointstopsychologicalbenefits,includingincreasedcognitivecapacityandreducedanxietyandstress.Peopleexposedtonaturesoundsina2017studyhadanincreasedparasympatheticresponse,meaningthatthecalmingpartoftheirnervoussystemwasactivatedbythesetracks.(有證據(jù)表明它對(duì)心理有好處，包括提高認(rèn)知能力，減少焦慮和壓力。在2017年的一項(xiàng)研究中，接觸自然聲音的人的副交感神經(jīng)反應(yīng)增加，這意味著他們神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的鎮(zhèn)靜部分被這些聲音激活)”可知，E項(xiàng)“Thismayboildowntothefactthatthey’reanaturalsound.(這可能歸結(jié)為它們是一種自然的聲音)”是對(duì)前文的進(jìn)一步解釋?zhuān)渲小皀aturalsound”呼應(yīng)下文，為同詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。故選E項(xiàng)。【20題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Rainormighthelpsomepeoplebutherenorforeveryone.(雨或可能會(huì)幫助一些人，但這里不是每個(gè)人)”以及后文“Oneperson’sgentlerainisanotherone’sfloodworryorneedtogotothebathroom.(一個(gè)人的綿綿細(xì)雨可能是另一個(gè)人的洪水猛獸，或如廁之需)”可知，此處講述雨聲并不一定適用每個(gè)人，所以G項(xiàng)“Differentsoundswillbringoutdifferentresponsesdependingontheindividual.(不同的聲音會(huì)引起不同的反應(yīng)，這取決于個(gè)人)”符合此處主題，承上啟下。故選G項(xiàng)。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題:每小題1分，滿(mǎn)分15分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Iwas68whenIfirststeppedonstageasastand-upcomedianin2003.Thatfirsttimewas____21____.Ihadnoideawhattheaudiencewouldmakeofme.InNewYork,comediansare____22____youngmen.It’shardenoughto____23____asawoman,butevenharderassomeone____24____enoughtobetheirgrandmother.AsIsteppedonstagethatfirsttime,peoplewereclearlysurprisedto____25____me.Iintroducedmyself,statedmyageandtriedmyfirstjoke.Therewas____26____.ButbythetimeIgottothethirdline,peoplewerefinallylaughingproperly.Iwashooked.Eventoday,I’m____27____beforeIstepout.Myfirst____28____is,“Hello,everybody.I’m88andthree-quartersyearsold.I’mtellingyouthat____29____Idon’tmakeitallthewaythroughtheshow.”ThenpeoplelaughandIrelax.Afterashow,peopleyoungandoldcomeuptomesayingwhata(n)____30____Iam.TheysaytheywanttobeasactiveasIamwhentheyreachmy____31____.I’mpleasedthatIcan____32____othersthat,asanolderperson,youdon’tneedtotakeabackseatinlifeandyouhavegotmoreto____33____.Lastyear,Iwasrecognizedastheoldestfemalestand