人教版新課標(biāo)高中英語必修五教學(xué)設(shè)計

人教版新課標(biāo)高中英語必修五教學(xué)設(shè)計與案例Unit1GreatscientistsTeachingaimsTohelpstudentslearntodescribepeopleTohelpstudentslearntoreadanarrationaboutJohnSnowTohelpstudentsbetterunderstand“Greatscientists”TohelpstudentslearntousesomeimportantwordsandexpressionsTohelpstudentsidentifyexamplesof“ThePastParticiple(1)asthePredicative&theattribute”Period1WarmingupandreadingTeachingProceduresI.WarmingupStepILeadinTalkaboutscientist.T:Hi,morning,class.Nicetoseeyouonthisspecialday,thedaywhenyoubecomeaseniortwograder.IamhappytobewithyouhelpingyouwithyourEnglish.Todaywearetoreadaboutacertainscientist.Butfirstlet’sdefinetheword“scientist”.Whatisascientist?Ascientistisapersonwhoworksinscience,tryingtounderstandhowtheuniverseorotherthingswork.Scientistscanworkindifferentareasofscience.Herearesomeexamples:Thosethatstudyphysicsarephysicists.Thosethatstudychemistryarechemists.Thosethatstudybiologyarebiologists.StepIIAskthestudentstotrythequizandfindoutwhoknowsthemost.T:Therearesomegreatscientificachievementsthathavechangedtheworld.Canyounamesomeofthem?Whatkindofroledotheyplayinthefieldofscience?Dotheseachievementshaveanythingincommon?Matchtheinventionswiththeirinventorsbelowbeforeyouanswerallthesequestions.1.Archimedes,AncientGreek(287-212BC),amathematician.2.CharlesDarwin,Britain(1808-1882).ThenameofthebookisOriginofSpecies.3.ThomasNewcomen,British(1663-1729),aninventorofsteamengine.4.GregorMendel,Czech,abotanistandgeneticist.5.MarieCurie,PolishandFrench,achemistandphysicist.6.ThomasEdison,American,aninventor.7.LeonardodaVinci,Italian,anartist.8.SirHumphryDavy,British,aninventorandchemist.9.ZhangHeng,ancientChina,aninventor.10.StepperHawking,British,aphysicist.II.Pre-readingStepIGetthestudentstodiscussthequestionsonpage1withtheirpartners.Thenaskthestudentstoreporttheirwork.Encouragethestudentstoexpresstheirdifferentopinions.Whatdoyouknowaboutinfectiousdiseases?Infectiousdiseasescanbespreadtootherpeople.Theyhaveanunknowncauseandneedpublichealthcaretosolvethem.Peoplemaybeexposedtoinfectiousdisease,somayanimals,suchasbirdflu，AIDS,SARSareinfectiousdiseases.Infectiousdiseasesaredifficulttocure.Whatdoyouknowaboutcholera?CholeraistheillnesscausedbyabacteriumcalledVibriocholerae.Itinfectspeople’sintestines(腸),causingdiarrheaandlegcramps(抽筋).Themostcommoncauseofcholeraisbysomeoneeatingfoodordrinkingwaterthathasbeencontaminated(污染)withthebacteria.Choleracanbemild(不嚴(yán)重的)orevenwithoutimmediatesymptoms(癥狀),butaseverecasecanleadtodeathwithoutimmediatelytreatment.3.Doyouknowhowtoproveanewideainscientificresearch?Anybodymightcomeoutwithanewidea.Buthowdoweproveitinscientificresearch?Therearesevenstagesinexamininganewideainscientificresearch.Andtheycanbeputinthefollowingorder.Whatorderwouldyouputthesevenin?Justguess.Findaproblem→Makeupaquestion→Thinkofamethod→Collectresults→Analysetheresults→Drawaconclusion→RepeatifnecessaryIII.ReadingStepIPre-readingDoyouknowJohnSnow?JohnSnowisawell-knowndoctorinthe19thcenturyinLondonandhedefeated“KingCholera”.Doyouknowwhatkindofdiseaseischolera?Itisakindofterriblediseasecausedbydrinkingdirtywateranditcausedalotofdeathsintheoldtimesanditwasverydifficulttodefeat.Let’sgettoknowhowDr.JohnSnowdefeated“KingCholera”in1854inLondoninthisreadingpassage:StepIISkimmingReadthepassageandanswerthequestions.Whodefeats“KingCholera“? (JohnSnow)Whathappenedin1854? (CholeraoutbreakhitLondon.)Howmanypeoplediedin10days? (500)WhyistherenodeathatNo.20and21BroadStreetaswellasatNo.8and9CambridgeStreet?(ThesefamilieshadnotdrunkthewaterfromtheBroadStreetpump.)(Optional)Skimthepassageandfindtheinformationtocompletetheformbelow.WhoWhenWhatHowResultJohnSnow1854helpingordinarypeopleexposedtocholeraExaminingthesourceofallwatersuppliesandfindingnewmethodsofdealingwithpollutedwaster“KingCholera”defeatedStepIIIScanningReadthepassageandnumbertheseeventsintheorderthattheyhappened.2JohnSnowbegantotesttwotheories.1AnoutbreakofcholerahitLondonin1854.4JohnSnowmarkedthedeathsonamap.7Heannouncedthatthewatercarriedthedisease.3JohnSnowinvestigatedtwostreetswheretheoutbreakwasverysevere.8KingCholerawasdefeated.5Hefoundthatmostofthedeathswerenearawaterpump.6Hehadthehandleremovedfromthewaterpump.StepIVMainideaandcorrectstageReadthepassageandputthecorrectstagesintothereadingaboutresearchintoadisease.JohnSnowDefeats“KingCholera”ParagraphStagesGeneralideas1Findaproblem:Whatcausethecholera?Thecausesofcholera2Makeupaquestion:Whichisright?Thecorrectorpossibletheory3Thinkofamethod:TesttwotheoryCollectdataonwherepeoplewereillanddiedandwheretheygottheirwater4Collectresults:MarkthedeathPlotinformationonamaptofindoutwherepeoplediedordidnotdie5Analyzetheresults:FindtheresourceofthewaterLookintothewatertoseeifthatisthecauseoftheillness6FindsupportingevidenceFindotherevidencestoconfirmhisconclusion7DrawaconclusionThepolluteddirtysourceofdrinkingwaterwastoblameforthecauseoftheLondoncholeraStepVGroupdiscussionAnswerthequestions(Finishexercise2onPage3)1.JohnSnowbelievedIdea2wasright.Howdidhefinallyproveit?(JohnSnowfinallyprovedhisideabecausehefoundanoutbreakthatwasclearlyrelatedtocholera,collectedinformationandwasabletotiecasesoutsidetheareatothepollutedwater.)2.DoyouthinkJohnSnowwouldhavesolvedthisproblemwithoutthemap?(No.ThemaphelpedJohnSnoworganizehisideas.Hewasabletoidentifythosehouseholdsthathadhadmanydeathsandchecktheirwater-drinkinghabits.Heidentifiedthosehousesthathadhadnodeathsandsurveyedtheirdrinkinghabits.Theevidenceclearlypointedtothepollutedwaterbeingthecause.)3.Choleraisa19thcenturydisease.Whatdiseasedoyouthinkissimilartocholeratoday?(Twodiseases,whicharesimilartoday,areSARSandAIDSbecausetheyarebothserious,haveanunknowncauseandneedpublichealthcaretosolvethem.)StepVIUsingthestagesforscientificresearchandwriteasummary.Period2&3LanguagefocusStepIWarmingupcharacteristicn.aqualityorfeatureofsth.orsomeonethatistypicalofthemandeasytorecongnize.特征；特性WhatcharacteristicsdistinguishtheAmericansfromtheCanadians.② a.verytypicalofaparticularthingorofsomeone’scharacer典型性的，Suchbluntnessischaracteristicofhim.WindydaysarecharacteristicofMarch.[辨析]characteristic與charactercharacteristic是可數(shù)名詞，意為“與眾不同的特征“character表示（個人、集體、民族特有的）“性格、品質(zhì)”，還意為“人物；文字”Whatyouknowabouthimisn’thisrealcharacter.2.putforward:tostateanideaoropinion,ortosuggestaplanorperson,forotherpeopletoconsider提出Heputforwardanewtheory.Theforeignershaveputforwardaproposalforajointventure.AninterestingsuggestionformeasuringtheatmospherearoundMarshasbeenputforward.☆puton穿上;戴上;增加 putout熄滅(燈);撲滅(火) putupwith…忍受 putdown寫下來;放下； putoff耽誤;延期 putup建立;建造,putup舉起，搭建，粘貼3.analyze:toexamineorthinkaboutsomethingcarefullyinordertounderstandit vt.分析結(jié)果、檢討、細(xì)察Acomputeranalysesthephotographssentbythesatellite.TheearthquakeexperttriedtoanalyzethecauseoftheearthquakeoccurredonMay12,2008.Let’sanalyzetheproblemandseewhatwentwrong.Heanalyzedthefoodandfoundthatitcontainedpoison.Wemusttrytoanalyzethecausesofthestrike.☆analysis n.分析，解析，分解4.conclude: decidethatsth.istrueafterconsideringaltheinformationyouhave 得出結(jié)論；推論出 toendsth.suchasameetingorspeechbydoingorsayingonefinalthing vt.&vi結(jié)束，終止；Weconcludedthemeetingat8o’clockwithaprayer.Fromhisappearancewemaysafelyconcludethatheisaheavysmoker.Whatdoyouconcludefromthesefacts?Weconcludetogoout/thatwewouldgoout.conclusion n.結(jié)論arriveataconclusion;cometoaconclusion;drawaconclusion;reachaconclusionWhatconclusiondidyoucometo/reach/draw/arriveat?Fromthesefactswecandrawsomeconclusionsabouthowthepyramidswerebuilt.Step2Reading1.defeat①vt.towinavictoryoversomeoneinawar,competition,gameetc.打敗，戰(zhàn)勝，使受挫I’vetriedtosolvetheproblem,butitdefeatsme!Ourteamdefeatedtheirsinthegame.②n.失敗，輸 failuretowinorsucceedThismeansadmittingdefeat.Theyhavegotsixvictoriesandtwodefeats.[辨析]win,beat與defeat①win“贏得”賽事、戰(zhàn)事、某物；后接人時，意為“爭取贏得…的好感或支持；說服”②beat“戰(zhàn)勝”“擊敗”比賽中的對手，可與defeat互換Webeat/defeatedtheirteamby10scores.Theywonthebattlebutlostmanymen.Thelocalballteamwonthestatechampionshipbybeating/defeatingalltheotherteams.Icaneasilybeat/defeathimatgolf.Heistraininghardtowintheraceandrealizehisdreamofbecomingachampionatthe2008OlympicGames.2.expert① n. someonewhohasaspecialskillorspecialknowledgeofasubject專家，能手anexpertinpsychology anagriculturalexpert②a. havingspecialskillorspecialknowledgeofasubject熟練的，有專門技術(shù)的anexpertrider anexpertjob需專門知識的工作Heisexpertin/atcooking.3.attendvt.&vi參加，注意，照料①bepresentat參加attendaceremony/lecture/amovie/school/class/ameetingIshallbeattendingthemeeting.Pleaseletmeknowifyouareunabletoattendtheconference.②attendto(on):tolookafter,carefor,serve伺候,照顧，看護(hù)Thequeenhadagooddoctorattendingonher.DrSmithattendedherinhospital.治療Areyoubeingattendedto?接待Motherhadtoattendtohersickson.③attendto處理，注意傾聽 attendtothematterAnurseattendstohisneeds.Canyouattendtothematterimmediately?Imaybelate–Ihavegotoneortwothingstoattendto.Excuseme,butIhaveanurgentmattertoattendto.[辨析]attend,join,joinin與takepartinattend指參加會議、上課、上學(xué)、聽報告等join指加入某組織、團體，成為其中一員joinin指加入某種活動；表示與某人一起做某事joinsb.insth.takepartin指參加正式的、有組織的活動，切在活動中起積極作用Only2peopleattendedthemeeting.HejoinedtheCommunistYouthLeaguein2007.Willyoujoinusinthegame?Weoftentalepartintheafter-classactivities.4.expose:toshowsth.thatisusuallycovered暴露exposesth.tothelightofday把某事暴露于光天化日之下Ithreatenedtoexposehim(tothepolice).我威脅要(向警察)揭發(fā)他.Heexposedhisskintothesun.他把皮膚暴露在陽光下.Theoldmanwasleftexposedtowindandrain.Whenhesmiledheexposedasetofperfectwhiteteeth.5.cure vt.&n. tomakesomeonewhoisillwellagian治療,痊愈WhenIleftthehospitalIwascompletelycured.①curesbofadiseaseWhenyouhaveapaininyourshoulders,youwillgotoseeadoctor.Thedoctorwillcureyou.Theonlywaytocurebackacheistorest.HewillcurethepaininyourshouldersWhenIleftthehospitalIwascompletelycured.Theillnesscannotbecuredeasily.Althoughtheboywasbeyondcure,hisparentstriedtocurehimofbadhabits.②acureforadiseaseAspirinissaidtobeawonderfulcureforthepain.Thereisstillnocureforthecommoncold.Isthereacertaincureforcanceryet?③acureforsth.:toremoveaproblem,orimproveabadsituation解決問題，改善困境Thepricesaregoingupeveryday,butthereisnocureforrisingprices.[辨析]cure與treatcure主要指痊愈，強調(diào)的是結(jié)果treat強調(diào)治療過程，指通過藥物、特別的食品或運動治療病人或疾病，不強調(diào)結(jié)果。Theycuredmeofmyinfluenza.Theytreatedmewithanewdrug.6.control vt.&n.vt.：tohavepowerover,rule,direct控制，支配，管理Hecannotcontrolhisfeelings/anger.YouaretryingtocontrolmeasthoughIwereyourslave.Thegovernmenttriesitsbesttocontrolprices.beunderthecontrolof…;beincontrolof;take/gaincontrolof;get/beoutofcontrol;losecontrolof;beyondcontrolGeorgetook/gainedcontrolofthebusinessafterhisfatherdied.Thecarwentoutofcontrolandcrashedintothepole.theheadincontrolofthecountryThedriverlostcontrolofhiscaranditknockedintoatree.Mr.Brownisincontroloftheshop./TheshopisinthecontrolofMr.Brown.ThismoneyisundercontrolofMrBrown.Who’sincontroloftheproject?Thefirehasbeenbroughtundercontrol.7.suggest v.建議；暗示；表明①suggest+doing/sth./that-clauseMaysuggestedapicnicattheweekend.Whatdidyousuggesttotheheadmaster?Isuggestedleavingearlyfortheairport.Shesuggestedthatherfather(should)giveupsmoking.他建議我們參觀長城。HesuggestedtousavisittotheGreatWall.HesuggestedusvisitingtheGreatWall.Hesuggestedthatwe(should)visittheGreatWall.suggest(暗示，表明)+從句不用虛擬語氣。Thesmileonherfacesuggestedthatsheagreedwithme.Thelookonhisfacesuggestedthathewashappy.Hispalefacesuggestedthathewasseriouslyill.Hisworksuggeststhatheisacarefulman.8.absorbtotakesth.inespeciallygradually吸收Plantsabsorbcarbondioxide.Incoldclimates,housesneedtohavewallsthatwillabsorbheat.Paperthatabsorbsinkiscalledblottingpaper（吸墨紙）.Thebigcompanyhasgraduallyabsorbedthesesmallcompaniesintoitsownorganization.②tounderstandfactsorideascompletelyandrememberthemIt’shardtoabsorbsomuchinformation.☆beabsorbedin=concentrateon專心于HeisabsorbedintheresearchofChinesehistoryrecently.Thewriterwassoabsorbedinhiswritingthatheforgottoflicktheashesfromhiscigar.IwassoabsorbedinabookthatIdidn’thearyoucall.☆absorbone’sattentionChinesehistoryabsorbshisattentionrecently.9.suspect:tothinkthatsomethingisprobablytrueorlikely,especiallysomethingbad①vt.懷疑，猜疑 n.嫌疑犯，有嫌疑的人 adj.可疑的，靠不住的suspectsb.ofdoingsth.懷疑某人做…Shesuspectedhimoftakinghermoney.以為，猜想Wesuspectedthathehadfinisheddoinghishomework.10.severe a.①soserious,sobad 嚴(yán)厲的，苛刻的，嚴(yán)格的Comeon!Don’tbesoseverewiththechildren.Hisreportcontainsseverecriticismofthecompany’sactions.Hisseverelooksfrightenedme.②veryharmfulorpainful,seriousoruncomfortable（疼痛）劇烈，的嚴(yán)重的，Iwascaughtinaseverestormlastnightandcouldn’tgobackhomeintime.Hehassuchasevereillnessthathehasbeeninhospital.Isufferedasevereattackoftoothache.Hehadaseverepainintheleg.11.foresee:toknowthatsth.isgoingtohappenbeforeitactuallyhappens vt.預(yù)見，預(yù)料Themethodwasusedinwaysthatcouldn’thavebeenforeseenbyitsinventors.Fewanalystsforesawthatoilricewouldrisesosteeply.Noonecouldhaveforeseenthingswouldturnatthisway.It’simpossibletoforeseehowlifewillworkout.12.blame v.責(zé)備；譴責(zé)；把……歸咎于 n.過失；責(zé)備blamesb./sth.forsth.:tosayorthinkthatsb.orsth.isresponsibleforsth.bad因…而指責(zé)It’snotfairtoblameme.It’snotmyfault.Theyblamedthesecretaryforthedelayoftheplan.ManychildrenareafraidofbeingblamedformakingmistakesinspeakingEnglish.②blamesth.onsb./sth.把……歸咎于:beresponsibleforsth.badThepoliceblamedthetrafficaccidentonjack’scarelessdriving.③(be)toblame應(yīng)受責(zé)備（主動表被動）；承擔(dān)責(zé)任Thedriverwasnottoblameforthetrafficaccident.Whichdriverwastoblamefortheaccident?EitherheorIamtoblame.Mr.Greenstoodupindefenseofthe16-year-oldboy,sayingthathewasnottheonetoblame.Whoistoblameforthefire?④taketheblame承擔(dān)責(zé)任tosaythatsth.isyourfaultHeisreadytotaketheblameforwhathadhappened.⑤puttheblameon怪在……身上It’snouseblamingourdefeatonhim.13.lookinto 調(diào)查，了解，研究，瀏覽，向…里看We’lllookintothecaseassoonaspossible.Butnowtheauthorityislookingintothecostofmodifyingallofitswindows.Thebuildingaroundthecornercaughtfirelastnight.Thepolicearenowlookingintothematter.lookaround;lookafter,lookdownupon;lookfor;lookforwardto;looklike;lookover瀏覽，過目一遍;lookout;lookthrough瀏覽，檢查;lookon;lookupto;14.handle vt.todealwith處理，買賣，操作 n.把手，把柄ThechildrenaresonaughtythatIcan'thandlethem.處理Thisshophandlespaperandstationery.買賣Wedon’thandlethatsortofbook.買賣Howshallwehandletheproblem.處理Canyouhandlethesituationatpresent?處理Ithasafreehandle.活把手Helearnthowtohandletheaxe.操作15.link①v. 連接，聯(lián)系Thetwotownsarelinkedbyarailway.Thenewbridgewilllinktheislandtothemainland.Televisionstationsaroundtheworldarelinkedbysatellites.Thenewbridgewilllinktheislandtothemainland.② n.Researchershavedetectedalinkbetweensmokingandheartdisease.Istherealinkbetweensmokingandlungdisease?Alotoflinksfittedtogetherformachain.linkup(with)連接，結(jié)合;link…with/to把…與相連接16.announce①tomakeknownpublicly;togiveinformationusingaloudspeaker,esp.atanairportorrailwaystation;tointroduceaprogramonTVorradioThenewswasannouncedbyRadioBeijing.Everyonewassilentasheannouncedthewinnerofthecompetition.Thecaptainannouncedthattheplanewasgoingtoland.Thegovernmentannouncedthattheywouldbuildanewhighwaytothemountain.Thearmyannouncedacease-fire.Theannouncerannouncesthreeprogramsaweek.IthasbeenannouncedthatMr.AandMissBwillbemarriednextweek.②announcementtrainapproachannouncementHewaitedfortheannouncementoftheresultofthecompetition.☆makeanannouncement17.instruct:toteach;toorder--Whoinstructsyourclassinhistory?--MrBlack.Heisourinstructor.Sheinstructedmeintheuseofthistelephone.I'vebeeninstructedtowaithereuntilthelecturerarrives.Thedoctorinstructedmetostayinbed.Theoldworkersinstructusnotonlyinwordsbutdeeds.☆instruction:detaileddirectionsonprocedure;anorder;teachingThebossgavemesomanyinstructionsatonetimethatIgotmuddledup.Weforgottoreadtheinstructions.(aninstructionbook)UnderBerry’sinstruction,Islowlymasteredtheartofglassblowing.Hegaveustheinstructionstofinishtheworkassoonaspossible.Alwaysreadtheinstructionsonthebottlecarefullyandtaketherightamountofmedicine.Period4Learningaboutlanguage(Grammar)TeachingaimsTohelpstudentslearntouseusefulwordsandexpressionsTohelpstudentslearntouseThePastParticiple(1)asthePredicative&attributeTeachingProceduresI.MakingalistMakeisawordwhichissoactivethatitformsnumerousphrases.Nowmakealistofphraseslike“makealist,makemistakes”.Collocationsofmake…makeaguess,makeahaircut,makehaste,makeholiday,makeinquires,makeajoke,makeajourney,makealanding,makealeap,makealiving,makeamistake,makeamotion,makeanoise,makeanote,makeanobjection,makeanoffer,makepeace,makepreparation,makeprogress,makeaprogress,makeapromise,makeaproposal,makearecovery,makearemark,makeareply,makeareport,makearequest,makearesolution,makeaspeech,maketrouble,makeaturn,makewarII.ReadingandfindingReadagainthetextJOHNSNOWDEFEATS“KINGCHOLERA”andfindoutalltheexampleswherethepastparticipleisused.Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeopledied.(usedasattribute)Buthebecameinspiredwhenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeople.(usedaspredicative)IIIDoingexercisesTurntopage4andcompleteinpairsExercises1,2and3.Thencheckyouranswersagainstyourpartners’.IV.LearningaboutthemakingandusesofpastparticipleToformthepastparticipleofaverb,addtheending-edtothebaseform.(Butnotethatmanycommonverbshaveirregularpastparticipleforms.)Thepastparticipleisusedinthefollowingcircumstances

AftertheauxiliaryhaveintheperfecttenseHastheradiobeenfixedyet?

AfteraformoftheauxiliarybeinthepassivevoiceTheradiowasfixedonMonday.

AftertheverbshaveandgetwithacausativemeaningWehadtheradiofixedlastweek.

AsapassiveparticipialadjectiveTherecentlyfixedradioisbrokenagain.過去分詞作定語1單個的過去分詞作定語一般放在所修飾的名詞之前；過去分詞短語作定語一般要后置。twomarriedwomenafoundumbrellaausedstampfallenleavesanovelwrittenbyJimthelettersenttoourboss2過去分詞具有被動或完成的含義。What’sthelanguagespokeninGermany?Theydecidedtorebuildthedamagedbridge.3過去分詞作定語常可擴展為一個定語從句。Heisfondofthefoodcooked(=whichhadbeencooked)byyourmother.Thereportisthebestofitskindeverwritten(=thathaseverbeenwritten).4有時通過一個形容詞或數(shù)詞加另一名詞的ed形式構(gòu)成復(fù)合形容詞。athree-leggeddeskaone-eyeddoganhonest-facedmanawarm-heartedladyExplaintheusageofthepastparticiplesaspredicativeandattribute.1.過去分詞作表語表示主語所處的狀態(tài)。用作表語的過去分詞大多來自及物動詞；不及物動詞的過去分詞能作表語的只限于少數(shù)表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動詞，如go,come,assemble等，它們用在連系動詞之后，表示完成意義，無被動意義。例如：Themanlookedquitedisappointed.Heisgreatlydiscouragedbyherrefusal.Hishairisnearlyallgone.已經(jīng)形容詞化了的過去分詞大多可作表語，常見的有accomplished,amazed,amused,astonished,broken,closed,completed,complicated,confused,crowded,devoted,disappointed,discouraged,drunk,excited,frightened,hurt,interested,lost,satisfied,surprised,worried等。2.過去分詞作定語a）用作前置定語的過去分詞通常來自及物動詞，帶有被動意義和完成意義。例如：Welikeskatinginthefrozenlakeinthewinter.=Welikeskatinginthelakewhichhasbeenfrozeninthewinter.Howmanyfinishedproductshaveyougotuptonow?=Howmanyproductsthathavebeenfinishedhaveyougotuptonow?來自不及物動詞的過去分詞很少能單獨用作前置定語，能作這樣用的僅限以下幾個詞，這時僅表示完成意義，不表示被動意義。例如：aretiredworker=aworkerwhohasretiredanescapedprisoner=aprisonerwhohasescapedafaded/witheredflower=aflowerthathasfaded/witheredfallenleaves=leavesthathavefallentherisensun=thesunthathasjustrisenareturnedstudent=astudentwhohasreturnedvanishedtreasure=treasurethathasvanishedb)用作后置定語的過去分詞通常也來自及物動詞，表示被動意義和完成意義。這時過去分詞相當(dāng)于一個定語從句。例如：Thingsseenarebetterthanthingsheard.=Thingswhichareseenarebetterthanthingswhichareheard.Thelobsterbroiledovercharcoalwasdelicious.=Thelobsterwhichwasbroiledovercharcoalwasdelicious.Practice:將下列句子譯成英語。1.他看上去又累又沮喪.2.我們一得到補充資金,就繼續(xù)我們的實驗。3.我們可以看到被陽光照亮的月球的一部分.4.經(jīng)過一個激動和無眠的夜晚之后，第二天我強迫自己在海濱走了很久.5.早在1649年,俄亥俄州就決定在每一個城鎮(zhèn)建立免費的、由稅收支持的學(xué)校。6.彼得對這一切似乎很驚奇。Sampleanswers:1.Helookedtiredanddepressed.2.Wewillgoonwithourexperimentassoonaswegettheaddedfund.3.Wecanseethepartofthemoonlightedbysunlight.4.Afteranightspentinexcitementandsleepless-ness,Iforcedmyselftotakealongwalkalongthebeachthenextday.5.Asearlyasin1649,Ohiomadeadecisionthatfree,tax-supportedschoolsmustbeestablishedineverytown.6.Peterwasveryamazedatallthis.V.Languagepointscometoanend結(jié)束，終結(jié)，終止Themeetinghascometoanend.bringtoanend;drawtoanend;putanendtosth.I’mdeterminedtoputanendtoalltheserumours.3.construction n.建造，建設(shè)，構(gòu)筑Theconstructionofthedamtookseveralyears.Thenewbridgeisstillunderconstruction.underconstruction/repair/discussion在建設(shè)中4.contribute vt.&vi捐獻(xiàn)，貢獻(xiàn)，捐助Everyoneshouldcontributewhathershecanafford.contributeto有助于，促成contributesth.to把…捐贈給…,給…投稿，為…貢獻(xiàn)makeacontributionto為…做貢獻(xiàn)Allthiscontributedtooursuccess.HecontributedfivemilliondollarstotheRedCross.Hecontributedsomearticlestothenewspaper.Freshairandexercisecancontributetogoodhealth.5.apartfrom 除…之外（還有）Iateeverythingapartfromthesoup.(except)Whatdoyoulikedoingapartfromswimming?(besides)Period5Usinglanguage(Grammar)StepIPre-readingTalkaboutthecenterofthesolarsystem.“Doyouknowwhatisthecenterofthesolarsystem?”Askthestudentstolookatthepicturesonpages7.Andremindthemofthecommonknowledgeof“Sun-CenteredTheory”.TalkaboutCopernicus.WeknowthefirstscientistisCopernicus.Hewasoneofthefirstscientiststousemathematicalobservationstocollectinformation.Hebelievedthesunisthecenteroftheuniverseandtheearthandotherplanetswentaroundit.StepIIReading1.Readthroughthepassage,andtellwhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.(1)AtCopernicus’time,ChristianChurchwasinchargeofmanywesterncountries. (T)(2)Copernicusnoticedthatobservedfromtheearth,someplanetsappearinfrontoforbehindtheearth. (F)(3)Copernicusdidn’tshowhisnewtheorytohisfriendsuntilhecompletedit. (T)(4)Hisfriendswerenotinterestedinhisideas. (F)(5)SincehewasnotafraidofbeingattackedbytheChurch,Copernicuspublishedhisbookassoonashefinishedworkingonit. (F)(6)Newton,Einstein,andHawkingareallscientistswhomadecontributiontothestudyoftheuniverse. (T)2.Readcarefullyandtrytodrawthetwotheoriesoftheuniverse.Thistimethestudentsareencouragedtoreadthepassagecarefullyandthendotheexercisesandproblemsonpages7.Encouragethestudentstofulfillthemquicklyandcorrectly.Andchecktheanswerstogether.BeforeCopernicus’theoryShowingCopernicus’theoryAdiagramshowingthesolarsystemwiththeEarthatitscentreAdiagramshowingthesolarsystemwiththeSunatitscentreStepIVlanguagepointsUsinglanguage1.leadtoSuchamistakewouldperhapsleadtodisaster.AllroadsleadtoRome.Toomuchworkandtoolittlerestoftenleadtoillness.Hisworkleadstosuccessintheend.2.Only放句首的倒裝OnlythendidIrealizethatIwaswrong.OnlywithhardworkcanyouexpecttogetapayriseOnlywhenthewarwasoverwasheabletogetbacktowork.3.makesense講得通，有意義; makesenseof理解Doesthatseemtomakesense?NomatterhowItriedtoreadit,thesentencedoesnotmakeanysensetome.Tom,don’tlistentoher.Whatsheissayingdoesn’tmakesense.Doesitmakesensetoletchildrenplaywiththematches?CanyoumakesenseofwhatIsaid/whatthewriterissaying?Itwouldmakesensetoleaveearly.4.beenthusiasticfor(about)…對…熱心Davidisveryenthusiasticabouttheplan.Theyareenthusiasticadmirersofthatmoviestar.Myparentsareenthusiasticskiers.滑雪迷Yourfatherlikestoplaygold;he’sreallyenthusiasticaboutit.5.becautiousof/about 對…謹(jǐn)慎，慎重(帶有提防、遲疑的心理)Sheiscautiousofhurtinghisfeelings.Hewascautiousaboutcommittinghimself.Thebankwasverycautiousaboutlendingmoney.6.pointofview觀點、態(tài)度Ifonehasanopenmind,itiseasytoappreciateanother’spointofview.Fromthatpointofview,thebestchoiceistosupportthem.Frommypointofview,teachersarenotwellpaid.7.名詞、副詞當(dāng)連詞EverytimeImeethim,Ialwaysthinkofthethingshappenedbetweenus.Iwillgivethelettertohimimmediately/themoment/directly/instantlyIseehim.8．betodoYouarenottospeakloudlyintheoffice.Thedriverwastoblamefortheaccident.havesthdone結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓補成分Hehadtohavehiscarrepaired,foritbrokedownthismorning.Markhadhishaircutyesterday.10.debateWehadadebateyesterday.Thelivelydebatereallyp