備考2011高效學(xué)習(xí)方案英語高三冊Units910HealthcareAmericanliterature

Units9～10Healthcare&Americanliterature(2009·金麗衢十二校聯(lián)考)每年高考之前總會出現(xiàn)“高考移民”，他們設(shè)法到錄取分?jǐn)?shù)線較低的省份參加考試。你班同學(xué)就此展開討論，提出了以下兩種意見：贊同反對1.想上好大學(xué)，應(yīng)予以理解；2．錄取分?jǐn)?shù)不一，對高分地區(qū)學(xué)生不公平；3．學(xué)生也是公民，應(yīng)該有此權(quán)利和機(jī)會1.到其他地方會增加當(dāng)?shù)厣龑W(xué)壓力；2．對當(dāng)?shù)貙W(xué)生不利，也是一種不公平；3．主要有利于有權(quán)勢者，對普通百姓不公平請就此給《學(xué)生英語報》(StudentTimes)寫一篇報道，說明上述討論情況。說明：1．詞數(shù)120左右；2．標(biāo)題和開頭段已經(jīng)給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。StudentsontheMoveforTheirExams—FairorUnfair?Everyyearsomestudentsfromhigh－scoreareasmovetootherprovincestotakethecollegeentranceexamination.Recentlywehadadiscussionaboutthis.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________[參考答案]StudentsontheMoveforTheirExams—FairorUnfair?Every_year_some_students_from_high－score_areas_move_to_other_provinces_to_take_the_college_entrance_examination._Recently_we_had_a_discussion_about_this.Somethinkitunderstandableforthestudentstomovetootherplacestotaketheexamsincetheywanttobeabletostudyatabetteruniversity.Anditseemstobetherightofastudentasacitizentohavesuchachance,especiallythosefromanareaofhighentryscore.Otherwise,theyhavetogetmuchhigherscorestoenterauniversitythanthosewhoarefromalowentry－scoreprovince.Otherstakeaquitedifferentstand.Theythinkthosewhoarefromhigh－scoreareaswouldaddpressuretotheareastheymoveto,whichalsomeansunfairtothosestudentsinlow－scoreareas.What’smore,itseemstobejustfavourabletothepowerfulandnotfairtoordinarypeople.Sotheydon’tthinkitagoodthing.Ⅰ.重點(diǎn)單詞1．______(n.) 統(tǒng)計資料；(一組)數(shù) 據(jù)；統(tǒng)計學(xué)2．______(n.) 津貼；補(bǔ)助3．______(v.) 濫用；虐待；辱罵 (n.) 濫用；虐待；辱罵4．______(adv.) 無論如何；至少5．______(n.) 祈禱；禱告6．______(vi.)(wept,wept) 哭；哭泣[答案]1．statistics5．prayerⅡ.詞匯拓展1．devotion→______(v.)獻(xiàn)身；專心于2．significance→______(adj.)有意義的3．incident→______(adj.)容易發(fā)生的，伴隨的4．unfortunate→______(反義詞)→______(n.)運(yùn)氣5．chemist→______(n.)化學(xué)→______(adj.)化學(xué)的6．pressure→______(v.)按，壓7．fundamental→______(n.)→______(n.)基本性8．insurance→______(v.)→______(adj.)可以保險的9．simplify→______(adj.)簡單的10．a(chǎn)pprove→______(adj.)被認(rèn)可的→______(adj.)可批準(zhǔn)的，可贊同的11．baggage→______(同義詞)行李12．worn→______(v.)穿，佩帶13．bell→______(n.)肚子；腹部14．furnish→______(n.)家具15．prince→______(n.)公主[答案]1．devote4.fortunate;fortune5．chemistry;chemical7.fundament;fundamentality8．insure;insurable10.approved;approvable11．luggage14.furnitureⅢ.重點(diǎn)短語1．lead______通向；導(dǎo)致2．putpressure______對……施加壓力3．a(chǎn)im______以……為目標(biāo)4．depend______依靠，取決于5．thanks______多虧，由于6．suffer______遭受7．getrid______擺脫8．makeends______使收支相抵；量入為出9．makematters______使情況更困難或更危險10．lay______解雇；不理會；使下崗11．beburdened______負(fù)重?fù)?dān)12．do______處理；對付13．beanxious______為……擔(dān)心；為……著急14．inside______徹底地；里面翻到外面15．______length終于；最后；詳細(xì)地16．fixsth.______sb./sth.全神貫注于；凝視17．let______不支持；使失望18．do______打扮；梳妝19．takepride______感到自豪20．a(chǎn)ttend______處理；照顧；關(guān)照[答案]1．to8．meet13．a(chǎn)bout16.on(upon)18．upⅣ.重點(diǎn)句型1．Iflow－incomefamiliescan’taffordtopurchasemedicalinsurance,aswasthecasewithWangLin,othermeasurestoreducepovertywillnotsucceed.如果低收入家庭買不起醫(yī)療保險，正如王林的情況那樣，那么其他的脫貧措施就不能成功。2．Flemingcontinuedhissearchuntilafortunateincidentledhimtoanewdiscoveryofevengreatersignificance.弗萊明繼續(xù)進(jìn)行探索，直到一次偶然的機(jī)會導(dǎo)致了他那具有更大意義的新發(fā)現(xiàn)。3．Treatmentswereneitherscientificnoreffective,andmanypatientssuffereddeadlyinfectionsasaresultofoperations.治療既沒有科學(xué)性又無效果，因此許多病人由于手術(shù)而遭受致命的感染。4．TomorrowwouldbeChristmasDay,andshehadonly$1.87withwhichtobuyJimapresent.明天就是圣誕節(jié)了，可她只有美元來給吉姆買份禮物。5．Solet’sforgetaboutitnowandhaveourdinner,shallwe？咱們不談這事了。現(xiàn)在吃飯好嗎？Ⅴ.重點(diǎn)語法1．ReviewtheSubjunctiveMood2(復(fù)習(xí)虛擬語氣2)2．ReviewVerbTenses(復(fù)習(xí)動詞的時態(tài))Ⅰ.詞匯聚焦1．consultvt.&vi.向……咨詢；查閱搭配：consultwithsb.與某人商量；consulton/aboutsth.就某事進(jìn)行磋商；consultsb.aboutsth.向某人請教，咨詢某事Haveyouconsultedyourdoctoraboutyourillness?關(guān)于你的病情，你找你的醫(yī)生看過了嗎？Haveyouconsultedwiththeothermembersoftheteam?你和其他隊員商量過了嗎？Heconsultedhisdictionarytolookupthemeaningoftheword“apotheosis”．他在字典中查看“apotheosis”這個單詞的意思。[指點(diǎn)迷津]consult查閱(詞典等)；lookup(在詞典等中)查閱(單詞等)Beforewecanacceptthemanagement’sofficewemust______theworkersagain.A.consultwith B.consultC.lookup D.advise解析：當(dāng)對象是比主語更具權(quán)威性的字典、老師、醫(yī)生等時，應(yīng)用consultsb.意為“向某人請教”；當(dāng)對方是與主語處于同一地位、階層等時應(yīng)用consultwithsb.意為“與……商量”；lookup“查閱”；advise“建議”。答案：A2．insurancen．保險；保險費(fèi)；保證搭配：aninsuranceagainst...防止……的保證；provideinsuranceagainst...提供防止……的措施；aninsurancecompany保險公司；insurancepolicy保險單；laborinsurance勞動保險；accidentinsurance意外保險；accidentdeathinsurance意外死亡保險Peoplewithoutinsurancehadtopayfortheirownrepairs.未投保者需自付修理費(fèi)。Abalanceddietisaninsuranceagainstmalnutrition.均衡的飲食是防止?fàn)I養(yǎng)不良的保證。擴(kuò)展：insurevt.給……保險；保證，確保[指點(diǎn)迷津]assurance主要表示“確信，確?！?，表示“保險”時為英式英語，主要用于短語anassurancecompany(保險公司)和lifeassurance(人壽保險)中。Aftertherobbery,theshopinstalledasophisticated(復(fù)雜的)alarmsystemasaninsurance______furtherlosses.A.for B.fromC.towards D.against解析：insurance“保險措施，預(yù)防(手段)”，后接against表示“針對……”。答案：D3．a(chǎn)busen.&vt.濫用；虐待；辱罵搭配：abuseone’sauthority/position/power濫用職權(quán)，濫用權(quán)力；abuseaprivilege濫用特權(quán)；abuseachild虐待小孩；anabuseofposition職權(quán)的濫用；anabuseofdrugs藥物的濫用；atermofabuse罵人的話Someofficialsabusetheirpowerandtreatpeoplewithcontempt.一些官員濫用權(quán)力，盛氣凌人地對待人民。Sheabusedhimforhisneglect.她痛罵他的疏忽。[指點(diǎn)迷津]abuse很少用于指物件，但用于指物件時，語氣比misuse強(qiáng)，且有損壞之意。Ithasbeenrevealedthatsomegovernmentleaders______theirauthorityandpositiontogetillegalprofitsforthemselves.A.employ B.takeC.abuse D.overlook解析：句意：據(jù)透露，一些政府領(lǐng)導(dǎo)濫用職權(quán)，非法牟利。abuse在此句中意為“濫用”；employ“雇用”；take“拿”；overlook“忽略”。答案：C4．rarea．①稀有的，罕有的，冷僻的②珍奇的，出類拔萃的③(空氣等)稀薄的④(肉)煎得嫩的搭配：rarespecies珍稀動物；araredisease罕見的病；rareair稀薄的空氣；araresteak鮮嫩的牛排副詞形式：rarely很少地，難得地Itisrareforhimtobelate.他很少遲到。BigBeninLondonhasrarelygonewrong.倫敦的大本鐘很少出差錯。OnlyrarelydoIeatinrestaurants.我極少到飯館吃飯。[指點(diǎn)迷津]rarely本身有否定意義，在句首時句子用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。Thebirthofastarisa______，slowevent,allbutaveryfewofthestarsvisibletothenakedeyehaveexistedlongerthanmankind.A.seldom B.leastC.rare D.scarce解析：因長期缺少而珍貴的稱為rare；因暫時缺乏而不足的稱為scarce，指時間或頻率，用rare或seldom，不用scare;least最少的，為little的最高級。答案：C5．furnishvt.為……提供家具；用家具布置awell－furnishedroom家具齊備的房間aroomfurnishedwithantiques布置有古董的房間Afurnishedhouseisonethatisrentedwiththefurnitureinit.備有家具的房屋指的是附帶家具出租的房子。Thehouseiswellfurnished.這間房子家具齊備。[指點(diǎn)迷津]furniture意為“家具”，是不可數(shù)名詞，常用搭配為：apieceoffurniture一件家具asetoffurniture一套家具It’scostingusafortuneto______ournewflat.A.equip B.furnishC.mend D.repair解析：根據(jù)句中的“ournewflat”可排除C、D，mend和repair意為“修補(bǔ)”；furnish指配置陳設(shè)在室內(nèi)使生活舒適的家具，包括地毯、帷簾等，其配備對象是住所；equip為特定目的而裝備設(shè)備，涉及對象范圍較廣，既可指安裝設(shè)備，也可指提供生活、工作或戰(zhàn)斗所需的器具或武器。答案：B6．congratulatevt.祝賀，慶賀搭配：congratulatesb.onsth.向某人祝賀某事；congratulateoneselfon慶幸，感到幸運(yùn)；congratulationn．(pl.);offerone’scongratulations致祝詞；Congratulations！恭喜恭喜！Wecongratulatedhimonhavingpassedtheexamination.我們祝賀他通過了考試。Congratulationsonyoursuccess!恭喜你成功！[指點(diǎn)迷津]congratulate常與介詞on/upon連用。WhenIpassedtheentranceexamination,myfamily______me______mysuccess.A.celebrated;on B.congratulated;onC.celebrated;to D.congratulated;to解析：congratulatesb.onsth.“祝賀某人某事”。答案：BⅡ.短語突破1.Hewasaboringnuisance!I’mgladtogetridofhim.他這人真討厭！我很慶幸能擺脫他。[指點(diǎn)迷津]getridof強(qiáng)調(diào)“擺脫掉疾病等麻煩事，除去不好的東西”；而breakawayfrom則強(qiáng)調(diào)“脫離政黨或某一組織”。Howcanwe______allthesefliesinthekitchen?A.getridof B.sendC.throwaway D.take解析：getgidof“擺脫，除掉，趕走，消滅”；send“派送”；throwaway“扔掉”；take“拿(走)”。根據(jù)題意A正確。答案：ADuringtherecessiontheylaidusoffforthreemonths.在不景氣時期，他們停雇了我們3個月。Laydownyourarmsandcomeoutwithyourhandsup.放下武器，舉起手走出來。Shelaidoutthemaponthetable.她把地圖鋪在了桌子上。[指點(diǎn)迷津]layoff尤指生意蕭條時臨時性解雇雇員。Thestorehadto______anumberofclerksbecausesalesweredown.A.layout B.layoffC.layaside D.laydown解析：句意：因為銷售額下降，這家商店不得不裁減一些人員。layoff“解雇”；layout“展開”；layaside“擱置一邊”；laydown“放下，交出”。答案：B3．a(chǎn)tlength終于；最后；詳細(xì)地Atlengthhereturned.他終于回來了。Shespokeatlengthabouttheplightoftherefugees.她詳盡地講述了難民們的悲慘境遇。[指點(diǎn)迷津]atlength作“終于，最后”講時，與atlast,intheend,finally等的意思相近，都意味著“在經(jīng)過很長時間之后”。Theteacherexplainedtherulesofthegame______sothatthestudentscouldunderstandwhattodo.A.inadvance B.atmostC.atlength D.atleast解析：atlength在此句中意為“詳細(xì)地”；inadvance“提前”；atmost“至多”；atleast“至少”。答案：C4．letdown不支持；使失望I’mcountingonyoutosupportme;don’tletmedown.我一直指望你支持我，可別叫我失望。LetdownaropesothatIcanclimbup.把繩子放下來，好讓我爬上去。I’mgoingtoletdownthisolddressformydaughter.我要把這件舊衣服放長給我女兒穿。[指點(diǎn)迷津]letdown作“使失望”講時，與disappoint近義?！猅otellyouthetruth,youwereexpectedtowinthecookingcompetition.—I’msorry.______.A.Ididn’tmind B.IletyoudownC.Thankyou D.Icouldn’t解析：根據(jù)上下文語境，“towinthecookingcompetition”和“I’msorry”可知，沒有贏這場比賽，故Iletyoudown讓你失望了。答案：B5．doup打扮；梳妝；扣，系，扎Maryhasdoneherselfupfortheparty.瑪麗已打扮好，準(zhǔn)備參加舞會。Thisskirtdoesupattheback.這條裙子是從后面扣的。[指點(diǎn)迷津]doup作“打扮”講時，與makeup近義；作“扣，系，扎”講時，與tie,fasten近義。Youshould______yourbuttonbeforeyougivealecture.A.doup B.speedupC.clearup D.carryout解析：本題考查詞組辨析。doup“扣，系，扎”；speedup“加速”；clearup“清除，整理”；carryout“實(shí)施，執(zhí)行，開展”。根據(jù)句意應(yīng)該是“扣上扣子”。答案：AYou’dbetterattendtothechildrenfirst—theyneedtheirbreakfast.你最好還是先去照料孩子們——他們需要吃早餐。Thequeenhadagooddoctorattendingonher.女王有一個好醫(yī)生在照料他。[指點(diǎn)迷津]attendto作“處理”講時，與do(deal)with近義；作“照顧”講時，與takecare,lookafter近義。attend側(cè)重參加會議(聚會)等。Thisisthenursewho______tomewhenIwasillinhospital.A.accompanied B.attendedC.entertained D.protected解析：句意：我生病住院時，這個護(hù)士照顧我。accompany意為“陪伴；伴奏”；entertain“娛樂，招待”；attendto“照顧”；protect“保護(hù)”。答案：BⅢ.句型歸納1．Theycannotaffordtoconsultadoctororpurchasemedicinesfromachemistwhentheygetsick,norcantheymakesurethattheirchildrenkeepahealthydiet.他們生病的時候，既負(fù)擔(dān)不起看醫(yī)生的費(fèi)用，也付不起從藥劑師那里買藥的錢，更不用說，保證孩子們的健康飲食了。該句中“nor＋情態(tài)動詞/助動詞/系動詞＋主語＋實(shí)義動詞”，為倒裝句式，表示前面的否定含義適用于另外的人。[思維拓展]so,nor,neither構(gòu)成的倒裝句：①so＋do(be,have,can,will)＋主語表示上句所說的肯定情況也適用于另一主語。②neither/nor＋do(be,have,can,will)＋主語表示上句所說的否定情況也適應(yīng)另一主語。③soitis/waswithsb.(＝soitis/wasthesamewithsb.)用于上句既有肯定又有否定或既有系動詞又有實(shí)義動詞的情況。如：Johnlikesfishbutdoesn’tlikemeat,soitiswithMary.JohnwasborninthecountrysidebuthegrewupinBeijing,andsoitwasthesamewithMary.④so＋主語＋do(be,have,can,will)表示對上句提及的情況給予肯定。如：—TomspeaksEnglishwell.—Sohedoes.⑤主語＋do＋so表示該句中的主語重復(fù)了前文中的動作。如：Theteacheraskedmetofetchsomechalk,andIdidso.—Youforgotyourpursewhenyouwentout.—Goodheavens,______.A.sodidI B.soIdidC.Ididso D.Isodid解析：根據(jù)上下文句意，該空格處應(yīng)表示“我確實(shí)如此”。答案：B2．Iflow－incomefamiliescannotaffordtopurchasemedicalinsurance,aswasthecasewithWangLin,othermeasurestoreducepovertywillnotsucceed.如果低收入家庭買不起醫(yī)療保險，正如王林的情況，減少貧窮的其他措施將不成功。該aswasthecasewith...為一個固定句式，表示“正如……情況那樣”，該句中as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，指代上句敘述內(nèi)容。而同類句式：Asinyourcountry,wegrowriceinthesouthandwheatinthenorth。as在該句中引導(dǎo)一個省略的方式狀語從句，相當(dāng)于Asitisinyourcountry。又如：Theresultofthisexperimentisgoodenoughasitis。[思維拓展]①inthat/thiscase如果那樣/這樣②inanycase無論如何，不管怎樣③innocase決不，任何情況都不④incaseof以防，萬一⑤asisoftenthecase這是常有的事______isoftenthecase,wehaveworkedouttheproductionplan.A.Which B.WhenC.What D.As解析：根據(jù)句式結(jié)構(gòu)，此處為非限制性定語從句，which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句不能位于句首。答案：DIcanthinkofmanycases______studentsobviouslyknewalotofEnglishwordsandexpressionsbutcouldn’twriteagoodessay.A.why B.whichC.as D.where解析：case意為“場合”，為地點(diǎn)名詞，故須用where引導(dǎo)定語從句，where在從句中作狀語。答案：D3．Threemonthslater,however,WangLinwastoldaboutahealthcareprojectthatprovidestreatmentathalfthecostorless,dependingontheneedsofthepatient.但是三個月后，王林聽說有一個保健項目能根據(jù)患者需要以半價、甚至更低的價格提供治療。該句中dependingontheneedsofthepatient為分詞短語，相當(dāng)于whichdependsontheneedsofthepatient。dependon表示“相信，依靠，依賴，由……而定”。Youcandependonhim.Heisadevotedfriend.Shedependsonherpenforaliving.Whetherthesportmeetingshouldbehelddependsontheweather.—Willyougoskiingwithmethiswintervacation?—It______.A.alldepend B.alldependsC.isalldepended D.isalldepending解析：根據(jù)原題，此處應(yīng)表示“視情況而定”。答案：B4．CorporationsandprivatecitizensalsodonatemoneythroughtheHopeProject.各個公司和市民也通過“希望工程”捐助錢財。throughprep.bywayof(指空間)穿過，通過Lightcomesinthroughthewindow.光線從窗戶進(jìn)來。(指時間)從頭到尾經(jīng)過，自始至終throughtheages古往今來readthroughthebook看完一本書[指點(diǎn)迷津]across與throughacross橫過，穿過，著重指一條線或一物體表面的一邊到另一邊；含義與on有關(guān)，acrossthestreet“橫過馬路”。through穿過，從……中通過，含義與in有關(guān)，throughthetunnel“穿過隧道”。Thesunlightcam