2024-2025學(xué)年新教材高中英語WELCOMEUNIT突破語法大沖關(guān)學(xué)案含解析新人教版必修第一冊

WELCOMEUNIT句子成分和基本句型組成句子的各個(gè)部分叫句子成分。依據(jù)各部分在句子中所起的作用，可以把句子成分分為主語、謂語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語和賓語補(bǔ)足語等。不同句子成分構(gòu)成不同的句型。本單元語法主要講解并描述句子成分和8種基本句型。[視察例句]1．Aboymeetsagirlduringabreak.2．Theclasswasdifficult.3．Heeventoldusafunnystory.4．Ifoundmostofmyclassmatesandteachersfriendlyandhelpful.[歸納用法]一、句子成分成分意義位置主語S(subject)句子的主體；謂語陳述、說明的對象，說明動(dòng)作由“誰”發(fā)出位于句首謂語V(verb)表示主語的行為或狀態(tài)，是句子的靈魂、核心主語之后賓語O(object)表示行為或活動(dòng)的對象、接受者或受影響者動(dòng)詞或介詞后干脆賓語DO(directobject)表示動(dòng)作的承受者，一般是物動(dòng)詞后間接賓語IO(indirectobject)表示動(dòng)作是對誰或?yàn)檎l做的，一般是人動(dòng)詞后表語P(predicative)用來說明主語的身份、性質(zhì)、狀況等系動(dòng)詞后定語(attribute)用來修飾名詞或代詞，說明其本質(zhì)或特征名詞或代詞前賓語補(bǔ)足語OC(objectcomplement)補(bǔ)充說明賓語的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)賓語后狀語A(adverbial)說明動(dòng)作“何時(shí)、何地、如何”發(fā)生；說明形容詞或副詞的程度位置敏捷[即學(xué)即練1]標(biāo)出下面句子的成分(用S，V，O，P，A，DO，IO，OC)①Iwillreturnyouthebooktomorrow.eq\f(I,S)eq\f(willreturn,V)eq\f(you,IO)eq\f(thebook,DO)eq\f(tomorrow,A).②Ifoundthefilminteresting.eq\f(I,S)eq\f(found,V)eq\f(thefilm,O)eq\f(interesting,OC).③Sheisbeautifulandsmart.eq\f(She,S)eq\f(is,V)eq\f(beautifulandsmart,P).④Heofferedmeajobyesterday.eq\f(He,S)eq\f(offered,V)eq\f(me,IO)eq\f(ajob,DO)eq\f(yesterday,A).⑤TheEnglishclassbeginsateighto'clock.eq\f(TheEnglishclass,S)eq\f(begins,V)eq\f(ateighto'clock,A).二、八種基本句型1．主謂結(jié)構(gòu)(SV)：主語＋謂語(不及物動(dòng)詞)這種句型中的謂語動(dòng)詞為不及物動(dòng)詞(短語)，故后不能干脆接賓語，也沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。主謂結(jié)構(gòu)常用來表示主語的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。常見的不及物動(dòng)詞(短語)有：rise，matter，begin，come，go，happen，last，appear，work，cometrue，takeplace等。Class|begins.起先上課。AChinesepaintingexhibition|willtakeplace.一個(gè)中國畫展將要舉辦。2．主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)(SVO)：主語＋謂語(及物動(dòng)詞)＋賓語這種句型中的謂語動(dòng)詞必需是及物動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語，一般有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。用作賓語的出名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句等。Thestudents|haveknown|theanswer.學(xué)生們已經(jīng)知道了答案。Someschools|don'thave|auniformpolicy.有些學(xué)校沒有校服政策。[即學(xué)即練2]分析句子成分/翻譯句子①Thewritingclasshadjustbegun.eq\f(Thewritingclass,S)eq\f(hadjustbegun,V).②Theylaughed.eq\f(They,S)eq\f(laughed,V).③我們學(xué)校將舉辦一次運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。Our_school_will_hold_a_sports_meeting.④我的愛好包括旅游和游泳。My_hobbies_include_travelling_and_swimming.3．主系表結(jié)構(gòu)(SP)：主語＋系動(dòng)詞＋表語這種句型中的謂語動(dòng)詞為系動(dòng)詞，無被動(dòng)語態(tài)，也無進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。常見的系動(dòng)詞有be動(dòng)詞，還有感官系動(dòng)詞(sound/look/smell/taste/feel)，改變系動(dòng)詞(become/get/grow/turn/go/fall/run)，持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞(remain/keep/hold/stay)，表象系動(dòng)詞(seem/appear/look)等。表語由名詞、形容詞、介詞短語、分詞、不定式或從句充當(dāng)。She|is|anEnglishteacher.她是一名英語老師。Thefood|smells|delicious.這食物聞起來很香。4．主謂賓賓結(jié)構(gòu)(SVIODO)：主語＋謂語＋間接賓語＋干脆賓語這種句型中的及物動(dòng)詞后跟雙賓語，指人的賓語稱為間接賓語，指物的賓語稱為干脆賓語。通常間接賓語在前，干脆賓語在后，也可把間接賓語置于干脆賓語后，但間接賓語前需用介詞for或to。間接賓語之前用介詞to的常見動(dòng)詞有g(shù)ive，tell，teach，write，bring，lend，hand，show，offer，send，pay，order等。間接賓語之前用介詞for的常見動(dòng)詞有buy，fetch，save，choose，sing等。It|gives|her|asenseofduty.這給她責(zé)任感。Thepresident|showed|me|herdaughter'spictures.總統(tǒng)給我看了她女兒的照片。[即學(xué)即練3]分析句子成分/翻譯句子①Allofthemwereamazed.eq\f(Allofthem,S)eq\f(were,V)eq\f(amazed,P).②Thesesuggestionsareofgreathelp.eq\f(Thesesuggestions,S)eq\f(are,V)eq\f(ofgreathelp,P).③你最好給你的摯友買一些小禮物。You'd_better_buy_your_friends_some_small_gifts.④你能借給我那本書嗎？Can_you_lend_me_that_book?5．主謂賓賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)(SVOOC)：主語＋謂語＋賓語＋賓語補(bǔ)足語該結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語補(bǔ)足語可以由名詞、非謂語動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或介詞短語等充當(dāng)。該句式常用于三類動(dòng)詞：①使役動(dòng)詞keep，make，let，have，leave，get等；②感官動(dòng)詞或短語see，watch，notice，observe，find，catch，lookat，listento，hear，feel，smell等；③ask，tell，order，request，permit，persuade等。They|usuallykeep|thedoor|open.他們通常把門開著。Myteacher|had|me|standingallthemorning.我的老師讓我站了一整個(gè)上午。6．主謂狀(SVA)：主語＋謂語＋狀語該句型的謂語動(dòng)詞通常為不及物動(dòng)詞；副詞或介詞短語在句中作狀語，修飾或說明謂語動(dòng)詞。Thechildren|stayed|intheroom.孩子們待在房間里。Hisparents|haveworked|inthecompanyfortenyears.他的父母在這家公司工作十年了。[即學(xué)即練4]分析句子成分/完成句子①TheexhibitionwillstartonJune21andlastforaweek.eq\f(Theexhibition,S)eq\f(willstart,V)eq\f(onJune21,A)andeq\f(last,V)eq\f(foraweek,A).②Hopefully，youcantakepart.eq\f(Hopefully,A)，eq\f(you,S)eq\f(cantakepart,V).③Wemustkeepour_school_clean(我們的學(xué)校干凈)．④Heaskedme_to_come_back(我回來)soon.7．主謂賓狀(SVOA)：主語＋謂語＋賓語＋狀語該句型的謂語動(dòng)詞通常為及物動(dòng)詞；副詞或介詞短語在句中作狀語，修飾或說明謂語動(dòng)詞。Theman|raised|hisarms|abovehishead.那個(gè)人把手臂舉過頭頂。Thegirl|enjoys|reading|inthemorning.這個(gè)女孩喜愛早上讀書。8．Therebe句型Therebe句型表示某處存在某物或某人?；窘Y(jié)構(gòu)是：Thereis/are/was/were...＋地點(diǎn)狀語。謂語動(dòng)詞有時(shí)候可用表示存在的其他動(dòng)詞，如live，stand，lie，seem/appeartobe(似乎有)，happentobe(碰巧有)，usedtobe(曾經(jīng)有)等。Thereweretwoboysandagirlunderthetreejustnow.剛才樹下有兩個(gè)男孩和一個(gè)女孩。Therehappenedtobeamanwalkingby.碰巧有個(gè)人在此經(jīng)過。[即學(xué)即練5]完成句子①There_are_too_many_carsontheroad.路上的汽車太多了。②There_will_bemoreseriousairpollution.空氣污染將會(huì)更嚴(yán)峻。分析句子成分③Theyknowusverywell.eq\f(They,S)eq\f(know,V)eq\f(us,O)eq\f(verywell,A).④Herefusedtohelpthematlast.eq\f(He,S)eq\f(refused,V)eq\f(tohelpthem,O)eq\f(atlast,A).Ⅰ.指出下列句子中畫線部分所做的句子成分1．The_studentsgotontheschoolbus.主語；定語2．Hehandedmethenewspaper.間接賓語3．Ishall_answeryourquestionafter_class.謂語；狀語4．WhatabeautifulChinesepainting！定語5．Theywenthuntingtogetherearly_in_the_morning.狀語6．Hisjobisto_train_swimmers.定語；表語7．Hetookmany_photos_of_the_palacesin_Beijing.賓語；狀語8．Thereis_going_to_bean_American_filmtonight.謂語；主語9．Heisto_leave_for_Shanghaitomorrow.表語10．His_wishisto_become_a_scientist.主語；表語Ⅱ.推斷基本句型①Onceuponatime，therelivedthreemonksinasmalltemple.②Andtheyneveragreedwithoneanother.Oneautumnnighttherewerethousandsofstarsinthesky.③Amonkwassittingonarock，holdingafishingroduptocatchoneofthestars.④Thissurprisedtheothertwomonks.“Whatafoolyouare！”saidthesecondmonk.⑤Howcanyoucatchastarwithsuchashortrod？Youhadbetterhavealongerone?、轍egavethefirstmonkalongerrod.