新版譯林高中英語課件教案練習(xí)選擇性必修三 Unit 2 Out of this world（A卷·夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)）（解析版）

Unit2Outofthisworld測試（A卷·夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)）（時間：90分鐘，滿分：100分）第一部分閱讀(共兩節(jié),滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共10小題:每小題2分,滿分20分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。A（2020·全國·高一單元測試）Isityourdreamtoflyandtoworkinspace?DoyouwanttobeaNASAastronaut?Likemanyjobs,thefirstthingwouldbetofillouttheapplication.Arecord-breaking18,300peoplefilledoutapplicationsrecentlywhenNASAannounceditwasfillingits2017AstronautCandidateProgramme,butoutofthose18,300applicants,just8to14willbehiredbytheUSspaceagency.ItwilltakeNASA18monthstodecidewhowillbeinthenewclassofastronauts.NASAwillreviewallofthefiles,whichwilllatergotoitscurrentteamofastronauts,tomakesuretheymeetthebasicqualifications.ThefirstrequirementisthattheapplicantsmustbetheUScitizens.Theyneedacollegedegreeinengineering,biologicalscience,physicalscience,computerscience,ormathematics.Theyalsoneedatleastthreeyearsofexperienceinasimilarfieldoratleast1,000hoursasajetairlinepilot.Therearerequirementstopassaphysicaltest.Andthentherearepersonalitytestsaswell.WhatkindsofpersonalityqualitiesisNASAlookingforinanastronaut?NASA'sSelectionManagerAnneRomersaid,“Ithinkleadership,teamwork,theabilitytonotonlyworkonateam,leadateam,butalsofollow,beafolloweronateammatter.Communicationcertainlyplaysarole,soit'ssomeprettycommonskillsthatIthinktranslateintoevenotherprofessions.”About120applicantswillbeinvitedtotheJohnsonSpaceCentreinHouston,Texas,forafirstroundofinterviews,abouthalfofwhomwillgobackforasecondround.Onceselected,theymustcompletetwoyearsoftrainingineverythingaboutspaceflight-thingslikelearningaboutallthesystemsusedbyNASA,walkinginspaceandRussianlanguagetraining.UntiltheUShasaworkingvehicletolaunchintospace,NASAstilldependsonRussiatogetastronautsintospace.1．Whatisthepercentageofemploymentamongtheapplicants?A．Abouthalfofthem. B．About8to14.C．About120. D．Lessthan0.08percent.2．WhichdoyouthinkisthemostimportantpersonalityqualityaccordingtoNASA'sSelectionManager?A．Devotion. B．Communication.C．Teamspirit. D．Perseverance.3．Whatmaybethebesttitleforthistext?A．NASAAstronautCandidateProgramme B．NASAwelcomesitsmostapplicantseverC．WhatittakestobeaNASAastronaut D．Whatanastronautshouldtrainin【答案】DCC【分析】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了美國國家航空航天局招收宇航員的條件。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“..butoutofthose18,300applicants,just8to14.willbehiredbytheUSspaceagency.”（在申請的18300人當(dāng)中，僅僅會有8到14人被美國航天局錄用）所以錄取率最高為14/18300,即還不足0.08%，選項D與文意相符，故選D。2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的“NASA'sSelectionManagerAnneRomersaid,“Ithinkleadership,teamwork,theabilitytonotonlyworkonateam,leadateam,butalsofollow,beafolloweronateammatter.Communicationcertainlyplaysarole,soit'ssomeprettycommonskillsthatIthinktranslateintoevenotherprofessions.””（美國宇航局選拔經(jīng)理安妮·羅默說，“我認(rèn)為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、團(tuán)隊合作，不僅能在團(tuán)隊中工作，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)團(tuán)隊，而且能跟隨，成為團(tuán)隊事務(wù)的追隨者。溝通當(dāng)然起著作用，所以我認(rèn)為這是一些相當(dāng)常見的技能，我認(rèn)為它可以轉(zhuǎn)化成其他職業(yè)。”）可推知，團(tuán)隊合作精神是美國國家航空航天局認(rèn)為候選人應(yīng)具備的最重要的個性特征，選項C與文意一致，故選C。3．主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“DoyouwanttobeaNASAastronaut?Likemanyjobs,thefirstthingwouldbetofillouttheapplication.”（你想成為NASA的宇航員嗎？像很多工作一樣，首先要填寫申請表。），第二段第一句“ItwilltakeNASA18monthstodecidewhowillbeinthenewclassofastronauts.”（美國宇航局需要18個月來決定，誰將成為新一代的宇航員。）第三、四段提到的成為宇航員的條件，最后一段中“Onceselected,theymustcompletetwoyearsoftrainingineverythingaboutspaceflight-thingslikelearningaboutallthesystemsusedbyNASA,walkinginspaceandRussianlanguagetraining.”（一旦被選中，他們必須完成為期兩年的有關(guān)太空飛行的所有訓(xùn)練，比如學(xué)習(xí)NASA使用的所有系統(tǒng)，太空行走和俄語訓(xùn)練。）可知，本文主要介紹了美國國家航空航天局招收宇航員的條件，選項C.“WhatittakestobeaNASAastronaut”（怎樣才能成為NASA的宇航員）符合文意，故選C。B（2021·浙江大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)高三階段練習(xí)）OnFebruary22,2021,cancersurvivorHayleyAreeneauxwasselectedtobeoneoffourcrewmembersoftheSpaceXInspiration4—theworld’sfirstcivilianastronautmission.The29-year-oldwillmakehistoryastheyoungestAmerican—andthefirstwithafalselimb—totraveltospace.Hayley’sspacedreamsbegantwodecadesago,however,theyounggirl’sdreamswerederailedayearlaterwhenshewasdiagnosedwithosteosarcoma—atypeofbonecancer.Fortunately,thefataldiseasehadbeencaughtearlyandtheexpertsatSt.Jude’sChildren’sResearchHospitalinMemphiswereabletoreduceitsspreadthroughchemotherapy.Arceneauxsaidsheneverthoughtshewouldbeabletogotospace.Butwhenthecallcame“outoftheblue”fromJaredIsaacman,CEOandfounderofShift4Payments,askingherifshewouldliketogotospace,shesaidwithouthesitation,“Yes,yes,absolutely!”Isaacmanhadalwaysintendedtogotospace.HencewhenSpaceXannouncedtheworld’sfirstall-commercialastronautmission,the37-year-oldbillionaire,instantlybookedtheavailablefourseats.Theflyingenthusiastannouncedthathewoulddonatethreeseatstomembersofthegeneralpublic.Hayley,thefirstcrewmembertobeannounced,willrepresentthepillar(支柱)of“hope”—anodtohersurvivalofcancerandfrontlineworkasaphysicianatSt.Jude.Theremainingpassengers,representingthepillarsof“generosity”and“prosperity”,willbechosenrandomlytoraise$200millionforSt.Jude,whichtreatschildrenatnocharge.Beforethemissionlaunchlaterthisyear,thecrewwillundergointensetraining.Themission,whichwillorbitEarthevery90minutes,willbecarefullymonitoredbySpaceXmissioncontrolscientistsfromEarth.Uponthemission’scompletion,theDragonwillreenterEarth’satmosphereforasoftwaterlandingoffthecoastofFlorida.4．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“outoftheblue”inParagraph2mean?A．Sadly. B．Suddenly.C．Randomly. D．Strangely.5．WhywouldJaredIsaacmandonatethelasttwoseatstomembersofthegeneralpublic?A．Topromotehiscompany’sproductsB．Toseekhelpfordisabledchildren.C．Toinspireinterestsinspacetravel.D．Toraisefundsforacancerhospital.6．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?A．HayleyArceneauxBecameTheYoungestAmericantravellinginSpaceB．“TheSkyIsNotEvenTheLimit”ForJaredIsaacmanC．CancerSurvivorToBecomeTheYoungestAmericanInSpaceD．Hayley’sSpaceDreamsWereDerailedByOsteosarcoma【答案】BDC【分析】這是一篇新聞報道。報道了癌癥幸存者HayleyAreeneaux將成為去太空旅行的人中最年輕的美國人。4．詞句猜測題。劃線詞句前文“Arceneauxsaidsheneverthoughtshewouldbeabletogotospace.(Arceneaux說，她從沒想過自己能上太空。)”說明Arceneaux從來沒有想到過自己能上太空，從而推知劃線詞句“Butwhenthecallcame‘outoftheblue’fromJaredIsaacman,CEOandfounderofShift4Payments,askingherifshewouldliketogotospace,shesaidwithouthesitation,‘Yes,yes,absolutely!’(但當(dāng)Shift4Payments的CEO兼創(chuàng)始人JaredIsaacman‘outoftheblue’打來電話，問她是否愿意去太空時，她毫不猶豫地說：‘是的，是的，絕對愿意!’)”其中劃線短語應(yīng)為“意想不到，突然”的意思，選項B“突然”與之意義最為接近。故選B項。5．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Theflyingenthusiastannouncedthathewoulddonatethreeseatstomembersofthegeneralpublic.Hayley,thefirstcrewmembertobeannounced,willrepresentthepillar(支柱)of“hope”—anodtohersurvivalofcancerandfrontlineworkasaphysicianatSt.Jude.Theremainingpassengers,representingthepillarsof“generosity”and“prosperity”,willbechosenrandomlytoraise$200millionforSt.Jude,whichtreatschildrenatnocharge.(這位飛行愛好者宣布，他將向公眾捐贈三個座位。Hayley是第一個被宣布的機(jī)組成員，她將代表著“希望”的支柱——這是對她在癌癥中幸存并作為一名醫(yī)生在St.Jude前線工作的致敬。其余的乘客代表著“慷慨”和“繁榮”兩大支柱，他們將被隨機(jī)挑選出來，為St.Jude免費(fèi)提供兒童服務(wù)，籌集2億美元。)”可知，JaredIsaacman要把最后兩個座位捐給普通民眾是為了為癌癥醫(yī)院籌集資金。故選D項。6．主旨大意題。通讀全文，根據(jù)第一段“OnFebruary22,2021,cancersurvivorHayleyAreeneauxwasselectedtobeoneoffourcrewmembersoftheSpaceXInspiration4—theworld’sfirstcivilianastronautmission.The29-year-oldwillmakehistoryastheyoungestAmerican—andthefirstwithafalselimb—totraveltospace.(2021年2月22日，癌癥幸存者HayleyAreeneaux被選為SpaceXFixoT4的四名宇航員之一，這是世界上第一個民用宇航員任務(wù)。這位29歲的年輕人將創(chuàng)造歷史，成為最年輕的美國人——也是第一個假肢——去太空旅行。)”可知，本文主要報道了癌癥幸存者HayleyAreeneaux將成為去太空旅行的人中最年輕的美國人。選項C“癌癥幸存者將成為太空中最年輕的美國人”突出本文主題，適合做標(biāo)題。故選C項。C（2021·遼寧·高三階段練習(xí)）Frequentgoodbyestoherfamilycomehand-in-handwithWangYaping'stoughtraining.Thistime,however,hergoodbyesparkedjoyinher5-year-olddaughter'seyesasshewas“shootingforthestars”evenifthiswasherlongestseparationfromhermother.WangtookpartintheShenzhou-13crewedtaskonOct.16.ShebecamethefirstwomantoenterChina'sspacestation.Bornin1980toafarmerfamilyinShandongProvince,Wanglovedjoggingandwasahigh-scoringforwardonthebasketballcourtinschool.In1997,Wangwasencouragedtoregisterforthepilotrecruitmentprogrambyherclassmatesbecauseshewasgoodatsports.Infact,shehadbeenconsideringapplyingtoteachingcollege.Givenherstrongbuildandabilitytostaycalmunderpressure,Wangpassedalltests.Afterfouryearsofsystemiceducationandtoughtraining,Wangeventuallylearnedtoflyfourdifferenttypesofaircraftbeforegraduation.WangYaping'sdreamofbecominganastronautwasinspiredbyYangLiwei's2003spaceflight.Shedesiredtobecomeafemalegoingintospace.InMay2010,WangwaselectedasoneofChina'sfemaleastronauts,Thejoyofbeingselecteddidnotlastlongastheeventoughertrainingquicklysankin.Shehadtostandeighttimestheforceofgravityinaspinningcentrifuge.Bloodcan'tflowtothebrainproperly,causingatemporarylackofoxygenandevenblindness.Wangevervolunteeredtobeheldtothesamestandardsashermaletrainees.Hereffortswerenotinvain.WangbecameacrewmemberoftheShenzhou-10spacetaskin2013.SheearnedthetitleofChina'sfirstspaceteacheraftergivingaspacelecturetostudentsfromnorbitabovetheEarth'ssurface.AteamofChineseuniversitystudentsspecializinginaerospace,art,architectureandmusictranslateduniverseraysintomusic.TheysaidtheprojectwasinspiredbyWang'slivespacelecture,whentheywereteenagers.7．WhywasWang'sdaughterhappythistime?A．Wangpromisedtoplaygameswithher.B．Wangwouldcomebacksoonerthanusual.C．Wang'strainingwouldbelesshardthanbefore.D．Wangwouldflyintospaceforanhonourabletask.8．WhathadWangYapingbeenplanningtobecomewhenshewasinhighschool?A．Ateacher. B．Anastronaut. C．Anathlete. D．Asoldier.9．WhatkindofpersonisWangaccordingtothetext?A．Sociableandintelligent. B．Determinedandambitious.C．Generousandstrong-willed. D．Confidentandwarm-hearted10．Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?A．Spaceknowledgehasbeenpopularizedinuniversities.B．Mostteenagerswillchooseastronautsasfutureoccupation.C．Theflameforspaceinteresthasbeenlitinyounggeneration.D．Theyoungprojectteamwillbesuccessorsofnextspaceflight.【答案】DABC【分析】這是一篇新聞報道。文章講述了中國女航天員王亞平的故事。王亞平憑借出色的身體條件和心理素質(zhì)，進(jìn)入航空學(xué)院學(xué)習(xí)，通過多年的不懈的努力，成為中國首位進(jìn)駐中國空間站的女航天員。7．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Thistime,however,hergoodbyesparkedjoyinher5-year-olddaughter'seyesasshewas“shootingforthestars”evenifthiswasherlongestseparationfromhermother.WangtookpartintheShenzhou-13crewedtaskonOct.16.ShebecamethefirstwomantoenterChina'sspacestation.(然而，這一次，她的告別在她5歲的女兒眼中激起了喜悅，因為她正在“奔向群星”，即使這是她與母親最長的分離。王亞平于10月16日執(zhí)行了神舟13號載人任務(wù)。她成為第一位進(jìn)入中國空間站的女性)”可知，這次女兒很開心是因為媽媽要到太空執(zhí)行一項光榮的任務(wù)。故選D。8．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Infact,shehadbeenconsideringapplyingtoteachingcollege.(事實(shí)上，這位17歲的年輕人一直在考慮申請師范大學(xué))”可知，她中學(xué)時一直打算將來當(dāng)老師。故選A。9．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“WangYaping'sdreamofbecominganastronautwasinspiredbyYangLiwei's2003spaceflight.Shedesiredtobecomeafemalegoingintospace.(王亞平成為字航員的夢想是受到楊利偉2003年太空飛行的啟發(fā)。她渴望成為一名進(jìn)入太空的女性)”可知，她是有志向的；根據(jù)第五段“Shehadtostandeighttimestheforceofgravityinaspinningcentrifuge.Bloodcan'tflowtothebrainproperly,causingatemporarylackofoxygenandevenblindness.Wangevenvolunteeredtobeheldtothesamestandardsashermaletrainees.(她必須在旋轉(zhuǎn)的離心機(jī)中承受八倍于重力的力，血液不能正常流入大腦，導(dǎo)致暫時缺氧，甚至失明。王亞平甚至自愿接受與男性學(xué)員相同的標(biāo)準(zhǔn))”可知，她意志堅定。故選B。10．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“AteamofChineseuniversitystudentsspecializinginaerospace,art,architectureandmusictranslateduniverseraysintomusic.TheysaidtheprojectwasinspiredbyWang'slivespacelecture,whentheywereteenagers.(一支由中國大學(xué)生組成的專門從事航空航天、藝術(shù)、建筑和音樂的團(tuán)隊將宇宙射線轉(zhuǎn)化為音樂。他們說，該項目的靈感來自王亞平的太空講座，當(dāng)時他們還是青少年)”可推知，年輕一代點(diǎn)燃了太空興趣的火焰。故選C。第二節(jié)(共5小題:每小題2分,滿分10分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。（2021·山東·夏津第一中學(xué)高三階段練習(xí)）In1969,whenNeilArmstrongfirstlandedontheMoon,manypeoplethoughtsoonwewouldberegularlyvisitingotherplanets.____11____Therealityisthatspaceexplorationisextremelydifficultanddangerous.Somepeoplebelieveitisawasteofthepublicpurseanddoesnothingtoimproveourlives.Whydowecontinuetoexplorespace,then?____12____FromtheveryearlydaysofhumanlifeontheEarth,ourcuriosityabouttheunknownhaskeptusadventuringintonewplaces.Whilespaceexplorationisareality,weremaincuriousaboutthemysteriesoftheuniverse.Witheachspacemissioncomesgreaterinsight,thusmotivatingustocontinuealongthesamepathofadventure.Withtechnologiesdevelopedforspaceexploration,wecansolvesomebigproblemsfacingmankind,makingourlivessaferandeasier.____13____Originallyappliedtothespaceshuttlelaunch,theyhavealsobeensetupinthecitieswithahighfrequencyofearthquakestoprotectbuildingsandsavelives.Althoughspaceexplorationdemandshugeinvestment,itcanactuallybringgreateconomicvalue.Theglobalspaceeconomyisincreasingbybillionsofdollarseveryyear.____14____Jobsinthespaceindustrygofarbeyondtheastronauts.Therearemanysupportstaffontheground,suchasengineersandresearchassistants.Moreover,theamazingworkcanprovideeducationandinspirationforthenextgeneration.SuchwondersasaspaceshuttlelaunchorastronautswalkingontheMoonareincrediblyinspiringtowitness.Thesemomentsshapechildren'slivesforeverandmotivatethemtobecomethescientistsandengineersofthefuture.____15____A．Thisisclearlynotthecase.B．Itisinournaturetoexplore.C．Theuniverseistoomysterioustoexplore.D．Oneoftheseisearthquakeshockabsorbers.E．Itcanalsoprovideavarietyofcareeropportunities.F．Thesescientificandtechnologicaladvancescanbenefitsocietiesinmanyareas.G．Whenyou'veseenamanwalkontheMoon,yougrowupbelievinganythingispossible!【答案】ABDEG【分析】這是一篇說明文。探索未知是人類與生俱來的，太空探索技術(shù)的發(fā)展也能幫助解決人類面臨的一些大問題，帶來經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，創(chuàng)造更多工作機(jī)會，且對孩子們來說是一種激勵。11．根據(jù)上文“In1969,whenNeilArmstrongfirstlandedontheMoon,manypeoplethoughtsoonwewouldberegularlyvisitingotherplanets.（1969年，當(dāng)尼爾·阿姆斯特朗首次登上月球時，許多人認(rèn)為很快我們就會定期訪問其他行星）”和下文“Therealityisthatspaceexplorationisextremelydifficultanddangerous.（事實(shí)是太空探索是非常困難和危險的）”可知，上文提到人們認(rèn)為很快就可以定期訪問其它行星，下文提到太空探索的艱難，由此推知空處陳述事實(shí)并不是人們設(shè)想的那樣。A項“事實(shí)顯然并非如此”符合題意，this指代上文人們的設(shè)想。故選A。12．根據(jù)下文“FromtheveryearlydaysofhumanlifeontheEarth,ourcuriosityabouttheunknownhaskeptusadventuringintonewplaces.（從人類出現(xiàn)在地球上的早期開始，我們對未知的好奇心就一直促使我們不斷探索新的領(lǐng)域）”可知，人類對未知的探索是與生俱來的。B項“探索是我們的天性”符合題意。故選B。13．根據(jù)上文“Withtechnologiesdevelopedforspaceexploration,wecansolvesomebigproblemsfacingmankind,makingourlivessaferandeasier.（隨著太空探索技術(shù)的發(fā)展，我們可以解決人類面臨的一些大問題，使我們的生活更安全、更容易）”和下文“Originallyappliedtothespaceshuttlelaunch,theyhavealsobeensetupinthecitieswithahighfrequencyofearthquakestoprotectbuildingsandsavelives.（它們最初用于航天飛船發(fā)射，現(xiàn)在也被設(shè)置在地震頻率高的城市，以保護(hù)建筑物和挽救生命）”可知，上文提到太空探索技術(shù)的發(fā)展也可以幫助解決人類面臨的重大問題，而下文介紹了用于地震頻發(fā)城市的一項技術(shù)，由此推知空處舉例介紹一種用于地震的太空探索技術(shù)。D項“其中之一是地震減震器”符合題意，earthquake是關(guān)鍵詞，下文的they指代選項中的earthquakeshockabsorbers。故選D。14．根據(jù)上文“Althoughspaceexplorationdemandshugeinvestment,itcanactuallybringgreateconomicvalue.Theglobalspaceeconomyisincreasingbybillionsofdollarseveryyear.（雖然太空探索需要巨大的投資，但它實(shí)際上可以帶來巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)價值。全球太空經(jīng)濟(jì)每年以數(shù)十億美元的速度增長）”和下文“Jobsinthespaceindustrygofarbeyondtheastronauts.（太空工業(yè)的工作遠(yuǎn)不止宇航員）”可知，上文提到了太空探索帶來的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，而下文則提到了工作，由此推知空處陳述它還帶來了工作機(jī)會。E項“它也可以提供各種各樣的工作機(jī)會”符合題意，also表明上下文的并列關(guān)系，選項中的It指代上文的spaceexploration。故選E。15．空處位于段末，應(yīng)起總結(jié)作用。根據(jù)上文“Moreover,theamazingworkcanprovideeducationandinspirationforthenextgeneration.SuchwondersasaspaceshuttlelaunchorastronautswalkingontheMoonareincrediblyinspiringtowitness.Thesemomentsshapechildren'slivesforeverandmotivatethemtobecomethescientistsandengineersofthefuture.（此外，這些令人驚嘆的工作可以為下一代提供教育和靈感。像航天飛機(jī)發(fā)射或宇航員在月球上行走這樣的奇跡是令人難以置信的鼓舞人心的見證。這些時刻一直塑造著孩子們的生活，激勵他們成為未來的科學(xué)家和工程師）”可知，G項“當(dāng)你看到一個人在月球上行走，你就會相信一切皆有可能!”符合題意，與上文承接自然，選項中的walkonthemoon呼應(yīng)上文的astronautswalkingontheMoon。故選G。第二部分語言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題:每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。（2022·全國·高二課時練習(xí)）TheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS)isahugespacestation.Itisbeing____16____bythousandsofpeoplefrom16countries.Allthesepeoplearetryingtofindoutifhumanscanonedaybuild____17____inspace.Floating230milesaboveEarth,theInternationalSpaceStationcurrently____18____hugebuilding-blockprojectoutinspace.USspaceshuttlesandRussianrocketshavebeen____19____toolsandpiecesofthe____20____intospacetohelpfinishbuildingit.Fromthebeginningofitsconstructionin1998toits____21____morethan100majorpieceswillbeputtogethertocreatethisamazingspacestation.When____22____,itwillbethelargeststructureevertoflyaboveEarth.TheISSwillbelargerthanafootballfieldandwillweighaboutonemillionpounds.Inadditiontohelpingbuildthespacestation,____23____aretryingtoanswersuchquestionsasthese:Howdoesspacetravelaffectgerms?Doesthehumanbodybreakdownfood____24____inspace?Someday,thestationmayevenserveasalaunchpad(發(fā)射臺)fortripstoother_____25_____,suchasMars.Becauseofitsimpressivesize,theISSneedsalotof_____26_____.Likeotherman-madebodiesinspace,itspowercomesfromthesun.Tocreatesolar,energy,largepanels(嵌板)arelinedwithspecialmaterials.Thesematerials_____27_____thesun’senergyandchangeitintoelectricity.Sowhatdoesitcosttobuildsucha_____28_____?Itcostsover$60billiondollars._____29_____thismayseemastronomical,itmaybeasmallpricetopayforaprojectthatenablessomeoftheworld’sfinestscientiststoworktogether,exploringspacefortheworld‘s_____30_____.16．A．discussed B．used C．driven D．constructed17．A．schools B．shops C．homes D．factories18．A．lookslike B．comesfrom C．turnsinto D．belongsto19．A．changing B．transporting C．breaking D．dividing20．A．station B．material C．metal D．product21．A．design. B．progress C．popularity D．completion22．A．a(chǎn)pplied B．closed C．entered D．finished23．A．scientists B．professors C．a(chǎn)rchitects D．workers24．A．differently B．a(chǎn)ctively C．instantly D．wholly25．A．surfaces B．planets C．locations D．lands26．A．a(chǎn)stronauts B．experts C．power D．space27．A．collect B．produce C．provide D．consume28．A．house B．structure C．mode D．system29．A．Since B．If C．When D．Although30．A．existence B．future C．peace D．dream【答案】DCABADDAABCABDB【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了國際空間站的建設(shè)情況。16．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：它是由來自16個國家的數(shù)千人建造的。A.discussed討論；B.used用；C.driven開車；D.constructed建造。由后文的“Fromthebeginningofitsconstructionin1998”可知，這里應(yīng)該講的是國際空間站的修建。故選D項。17．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：所有這些人都在試圖發(fā)現(xiàn)人類是否有一天能在太空中建設(shè)家園。A.schools學(xué)校；B.shops商店；C.homes家；D.factories工廠。根據(jù)前面“humanscanoneday”可知，整句話上升到人類是否在外太空生存的高度，所以應(yīng)講人們希望在太空建造家園。故選C項。18．考查動詞短語詞義辨析。句意：目前，國際空間站漂浮在距地球230英里的高空，看起來就像一個巨大的太空建筑工程。A.lookslike看起來像；B.comesfrom來自；C.turnsinto變成；D.belongsto屬于。根據(jù)下文“hugebuilding-block”表“巨大積木”可知，此處形容空間站像積木一樣。故選A項。19．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：美國的航天飛機(jī)和俄羅斯的火箭一直在將空間站的工具和部件運(yùn)送到太空，來幫助完成空間站的建設(shè)。A.changing改變；B.transporting運(yùn)輸；C.breaking打破；D.dividing劃分。根據(jù)前文“Floating230milesaboveEarth”可知，空間站離地球很遠(yuǎn)，工具和部件是從地球運(yùn)輸?shù)教盏?。故選B項。20．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：美國的航天飛機(jī)和俄羅斯的火箭一直在將空間站的工具和部件運(yùn)送到太空，來幫助完成空間站的建設(shè)。A.station站；B.material原材料；C.metal金屬；D.product產(chǎn)品。根據(jù)后文“thisamazingspacestation”可知，此處應(yīng)表示為空間站（的工具和部件）。故選A項。21．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：從1998年開始建造到完成，將有100多個主要部件組裝在一起，創(chuàng)造出這個令人驚嘆的空間站。A.design設(shè)計；B.progress進(jìn)步；C.popularity流行；D.completion完成。根據(jù)前面“Fromthebeginningofitsconstruction”中“開始建造”對應(yīng)，此處應(yīng)選完成（建造）。故選D項。22．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：建成后，它將成為有史以來在地球上空飛行的最大的建筑。A.applied應(yīng)用；B.closed關(guān)閉；C.entered進(jìn)入；D.finished完成。根據(jù)前面“construction”可知，太空站在建造中，此處指太空站完成建造后情況。故選D項。23．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：除了幫助建造空間站外，科學(xué)家們還試圖回答這樣的問題：太空旅行如何影響細(xì)菌？人體在太空中分解食物的方式不同嗎？A.scientists科學(xué)家；B.professors教授；C.architects建筑師；D.workers工人。根據(jù)后文“someoftheworld’sfinestscientiststoworktogether”前后對應(yīng)，此處應(yīng)填科學(xué)家。故選A項。24．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：除了幫助建造空間站外，科學(xué)家們還試圖回答這樣的問題：太空旅行如何影響細(xì)菌？人體在太空中分解食物的方式不同嗎？A.differently不同的；B.actively活躍的；C.instantly立即地；D.wholly完全地。根據(jù)下文“inspace”可知，本句主要表達(dá)太空的生活方式和地球的不同。故選A項。25．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：有一天，空間站甚至可能成為前往其他星球（如火星）的發(fā)射臺。A.surfaces表面；B.planets星球；C.locations位置；D.lands地。根據(jù)后文“Mars”火星可知，此處主要講星球。故選B項。26．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：由于其巨大的體積，國際空間站需要大量的能量。A.astronauts宇航員；B.experts專家；C.power能量；D.space空間。根據(jù)后文“itspowercomesfromthesun”可知，此處應(yīng)填能量。故選C項。27．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這些材料收集太陽的能量并將其轉(zhuǎn)化為電能。A.collect收集；B.produce生產(chǎn)；C.provide提供；D.consume消費(fèi)。根據(jù)后文的“changeitintoelectricity”可知，在太陽能轉(zhuǎn)換電能之前是收集太陽能。故選A項。28．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：那么建造這樣一個結(jié)構(gòu)需要多少成本呢？A.house房子；B.structure構(gòu)造；C.mode模型；D.system系統(tǒng)。根據(jù)句意，和前文“hugebuilding-blockproject”和“Fromthebeginningofitsconstructionin1998”可知，太空站是一個像積木一樣構(gòu)造物，此處應(yīng)填構(gòu)造。故選B項。29．考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管這（些花費(fèi)）看起來太大了，但對于一個能讓世界上一些最優(yōu)秀的科學(xué)家一起為了世界的未來探索太空的項目來說，這可能是一個很小的代價。A.Since自從；B.If如果；C.When當(dāng)；D.Although雖然。根據(jù)分析可知，這兩句話是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，用Although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。故選D項。30．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管這（些花費(fèi)）看起來太大了，但對于一個能讓世界上一些最優(yōu)秀的科學(xué)家一起為了世界的未來探索太空的項目來說，這可能是一個很小的代價。A.existence存在；B.future將來；C.peace和平；D.dream夢想。根據(jù)前文“tofindoutifhumanscanonedaybuild2inspace”可知，探索太空是為了人類的未來。故選B項。第二節(jié)(共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。（2021·四川·岳池縣教研室高一期中）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Chinalaunched(發(fā)送)theShenzhouXIIImannedspacecraftonOctober16th.Itcarriedthree____31____(astronaut)—ZhaiZhigang,WangYapingandYeGuangfu—toTiangongSpaceStation’scoremodule(核心艙)Tianhe.Zhaiisthecountry’sfirstastronauttotakeaspacewalk,____32____didsoinSeptember2008intheShenzhouVIImission.WangisChina’ssecondfemaleastronauttotakepart____33____aspaceflightandwasamemberoftheShenzhouXmissioninJune2013.ShewillbecomethefirstChinesewoman____34____(enter)TiangongSpaceStationandtakeaspacewalk.Whileit’sthefirsttimeforYetogoonhisjourneytospace.Theastronauts____35____(stay)inTiangongSpaceStationforsixmonths.It____36____(expect)tobethelongestspacejourneybyChineseastronauts,____37____(two)aslongastheShenzhouXIImission.Theastronautshave____38____lotoftasks,suchasperformingtwotothreespacewalks,____39____(check)theperformanceandcapabilityofdevicesinsidethestationandtestingsupportinstrumentsforastronauts’livesandworkduringlong-termflights.Andtheywillalsocarryout____40____(science)experimentsandtechnologydemonstrations(示范)inspacemedicine,microgravity(微重力)physicsandotherfields.【答案】31．a(chǎn)stronauts32．who33．in34．toenter35．willstay36．isexpected37．twice38．a(chǎn)39．checking40．scientific【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了神舟十三載人航天器搭載的三名航天員翟志剛、王亞平和葉光富，以及這三名宇航員的任務(wù)?！驹斀狻?1.考查名詞單復(fù)數(shù)。句意：它搭載了三名航天員——翟志剛、王亞平和葉富——前往天宮空間站的天和核心艙。此處用名詞astronaut做動詞carried(搭載)的賓語，表示“宇航員”，且由前面的three(三個)可知，此處astronaut應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填astronauts。32.考查定語從句。句意：翟志剛是中國第一位太空行走的宇航員，他在2008年9月的神舟七號任務(wù)中進(jìn)行了太空行走。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，“_________didsoinSeptember2008intheShenzhouVIImission.”是非限定性定語從句，先行詞是Zhai，指人，在定語從句中做主語，所以此處應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞who來引導(dǎo)，故填who。33.考查介詞。句意：王亞平是中國第二位參加航天飛行的女性宇航員，2013年6月曾是神舟十號任務(wù)的成員。Takepartin是固定搭配，表示“參加”，故填in。34.考查非謂語動詞。句意：她將成為首位進(jìn)入天宮空間站并進(jìn)行太空行走的中國女性。The+序數(shù)詞+sb.+todo是固定用法，表示“做......第幾人”，此處用toenter作定語，修飾名詞Chinesewoman(中國女性)，故填toenter。35.考查時態(tài)。句意：宇航員將在天宮空間站待六個月?？仗幾鲋^語，句子描述的是將要發(fā)生的事，應(yīng)用一般將來時，且主語Theastronauts和動詞stay(待)二者之間是主動，所以此處應(yīng)用一般將來時的主動willstay，故填willstay。36.考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：這預(yù)計是中國宇航員最長的太空旅行，是神舟十二號任務(wù)時間的兩倍?？仗幾鲋^語，句子描述的是客觀事實(shí)，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時，且主語it和expect(預(yù)計)二者之間是被動關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動，主語是第三人稱單數(shù)，故填isexpected。37.考查副詞。句意：這預(yù)計是中國宇航員最長的太空旅行，是神舟十二號任務(wù)時間的兩倍。此處表示神舟十三宇航員在天宮空間站待的時間是神舟十二的兩倍，應(yīng)用副詞twice，表示“兩倍”，故填twice。38.考查固定搭配。句意：航天員有很多任務(wù)，例如進(jìn)行兩至三次太空行走、檢查空間站內(nèi)設(shè)備的性能和能力，以及測試設(shè)備長期飛行期間維持航天員生活和工作的能力。Alotof是固定搭配，表示“很多”，故填a。39.考查非謂語動詞。句意：航天員有很多任務(wù)，例如進(jìn)行兩至三次太空行走、檢查空間站內(nèi)設(shè)備的性能和能力，以及測試設(shè)備長期飛行期間維持航天員生活和工作的能力。空處和performing(進(jìn)行)，testing(測試)是并列關(guān)系，放在suchas后面，suchas此處是介詞短語，所以此處應(yīng)用check的動名詞形式checking，故填checking。40.考查形容詞。句意：他們還將在空間醫(yī)學(xué)、微重力物理學(xué)和其他領(lǐng)域進(jìn)行科學(xué)實(shí)驗和技術(shù)演示?？蘸竺~experiments(實(shí)驗)應(yīng)用形容詞scientific來修飾，意為“科學(xué)的”，故填scientific。第三部分寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）應(yīng)用文寫作（滿分15分)（2022·山東淄博·高二期末）假定你是李華，你的美國朋友Jim觀看了中國的太空授課，發(fā)來郵件和你討論太空探索（spaceexploration）的話題。請你給他回復(fù)郵件，內(nèi)容包括：1.觀看的方式及感受2.太空授課的意義。注意：1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。DearJim,________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua【答案】DearJim,I’mgladtohearfromyou.LastThursday,ourschoolorganizedallofustowatchthefirstspacelecturewhichwashostedbyWangYaping.WewatchedthelivebroadcastonTVinourclass.Iwassoimpressedbythelecture.Ithinkthelectureisofgreatimportance.Atfirst,itinspiresourinterestinspace.Wearesocuriousinspacethatwewanttoworkhardandexplorethespace.Besides,bywatchingthelecture,weyouthcanhavemoreintuitiveaccesstoaerospaceknowledge.Bestwishes!Yours,LiHua【分析】本篇書面表達(dá)屬于應(yīng)用文，要求考生給美國朋友Jim回復(fù)郵件，討論太空探索的話題，內(nèi)容包括：觀看的方式及感受；太空授課的意義?！驹斀狻?.詞匯積累高興的：glad→pleased重要的：ofimportance→important首先：atfirst→firstofall此外：besides→inaddition2.句式拓展簡單句變復(fù)合句原句：WewatchedthelivebroadcastonTVinourclass.拓展句：WewatchedthelivebroadcastonTVinourclass,whichmadeusveryexcited.【點(diǎn)睛】[高分句型1]LastThursday,ourschoolorganizedallofustowatchthefirstspacelecturewhichwashostedbyWangYaping.(運(yùn)用了which引導(dǎo)的限制性定語從句)[高分句型2Wearesocuriousinspacethatwewanttoworkhardandexplorethespace.(運(yùn)用了so…that句型，表示“如此……以至于”)第二節(jié)(滿分25分)（2022·江蘇連云港·高二期末）閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Ihaven'tseenmyfatherforfiveyear.Asadevotedarchaeologist（考古學(xué)家）,hehasbeenworkinginGreece,sparingnotimeforfamilyreunion.Rightbeforemysummervacation,heinvitedmetovisithimandspendsometimetogether.That'swhyIamhere,atAthens