2024-2025學年高中英語Unit3AtasteofEnglishhumourLearningaboutLanguage練習含解析新人教版必修4

PAGEUnit3AtasteofEnglishhumourLearningaboutLanguage語法精講·探究學習動詞-ing形式作表語、定語和賓語補足語用所給詞的適當形式填空,并指出其在句中所充當?shù)某煞?.Noonewaseverboredwatchinghim—hissubtleactingmadeeverythingentertaining(entertain). (賓語補足語)2.Hegrewmoreandmorepopularashischarming(charm)character,thelittletramp,becameknownthroughouttheworld. (定語)3.Hewalkedaroundstifflycarryingawalking(walk)stick.(定語)4.Theactingissoconvincing(convince)thatitmakesyoubelievethatitisoneofthebestmealshehasevertasted. (表語)一、動詞-ing形式在句中作表語1.作表語的動詞-ing所體現(xiàn)的是名詞的特性,用于對主語的內(nèi)容進行說明說明,可表示抽象或習慣上的動作,且主語和表語可以換位。*Oneofhisweaknessesistellinglies.=Tellingliesisoneofhisweaknesses.他的缺點之一就是撒謊。*Myjobisdeliveringmilkfromdoortodooreverymorning.我的工作就是每天早上挨家挨戶送牛奶。2.作表語的現(xiàn)在分詞是形容詞性的,表示主語的性質(zhì)或特征,這時通?？醋魇切稳菰~,且主語與表語不行換位。*Thereportisverydisturbing.這個報告令人感到擔憂。*Theargumentisveryconvincing.這個論點很令人信服。作表語的動詞-ing形式,很多是由能夠表示人們某種感情或心情的動詞變更而來的。常見的有:moving,interesting,encouraging,exciting,inspiring,boring,surprising,puzzling,amusing,astonishing等,有“令人……的”的含義,常修飾物。(1)Atthattime,myjobwastakingcareofthehomelessdogs.

曾經(jīng)有一段時間,我的工作就是照看那些無家可歸的狗。(2)Yourtaskiscleaningtheoldcaroverthereonyourown.

你的工作是親自打掃那邊那輛舊車。(3)Thestorysoundsveryencouraging.故事聽起來特別令人鼓舞。(4)Theresultoftheexamisquitesurprising.考試的結(jié)果特別令人驚訝。二、動詞-ing作定語1.動詞-ing作定語表示名詞的屬性或事物的用途時,一般只能作前置定語,此時意為“供作……之用”,與被修飾詞之間沒有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,在意義上相當于“名詞+for+doing”。*Thereisaswimmingpoolinourschool.我們學校有一個游泳池。*Studentsarenotpermittedtospeakaloudinthereadingroom.在閱覽室里不允許學生們大聲喧嘩。2.動詞-ing作定語時可表示所修飾的名詞的動作或狀態(tài),相當于一個定語從句。*Theboysgatheringattheschoolgatearemyclassmates.=Theboyswhoaregatheringattheschoolgatearemyclassmates.聚集在門口的那些男孩是我的同學。*Thegirlperformingonthestagehasagiftfordance.=Thegirlwhoisperformingonthestagehasagiftfordance.那個在舞臺上表演的女孩有舞蹈天賦。(1)單個的動詞-ing形式作定語放在名詞前,動詞-ing短語應放在所修飾的名詞之后。(2)動詞-ing形式的完成時形式一般不作定語,若要表達完整意義最好用定語從句。(1)語法填空。①Grandmacameintomybedroomwithawalking(walk)stickinherhand.②Theyareplanningtobuildaswimming(swim)poolforthekids.③Thestudenttalking(talk)withtheforeignersoverthereisourmonitor.④Theboysplaying(play)basketballovertherearefromourclass.(2)句型轉(zhuǎn)換。①Thestudentsworkinginthecountrywillbebacktomorrow.→Thestudentswhoareworkinginthecountrywillbebacktomorrow.

②Thebuildingbeingbuiltnowwillbeourlibrary.→Thebuildingthat/whichisbeingbuiltnowwillbeourlibrary.

三、動詞-ing作賓語補足語1.動詞-ing位于感官動詞后(see,hear,feel,smell,watch,find,observe,notice等)。*IheardsomeonesingingintheparkwhenIpassedthere.我經(jīng)過公園的時候聽到有人在唱歌。*Ifeltsomeonepattingmeontheshoulder.我感覺有人在拍我的肩膀。*IsawTomdoingexercisebytheriverthismorningwhenIpassedby.今早我路過的時候,我看到Tom正在河邊熬煉。2.表示指使意義的使役動詞(常見的有have,keep,get,leave等)+sb./sth.+doingsth.。*Wewon’thaveyoudoingthat.我們不允許你那樣做。*Youshouldn’thavethewaterrunninglikethisallnight.你不應當讓水整夜這樣流著。使役動詞接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語表示“讓……始終做某事”。接不帶to的不定式作賓語補足語表示“讓某人做某事”;接過去分詞作賓語補足語,表示“主語請某人做某事,使完成某事或主語遭受某事”。*Thecruelbossmakesthepoorworkersworkdayandnight.狠心的老板讓可憐的工人們夜以繼日地工作。*IhadmylegbrokenwhenIplayedbasketballyesterday.我昨天打籃球的時候腿斷了。3.用于with的復合結(jié)構(gòu)中。*Icouldn’tdomyhomeworkwiththenoisegoingon.由于噪音不斷,我沒法做家庭作業(yè)。*Withsomanypeoplelookingather,shefeltnervous.這么多人看著她,她感到很驚慌。語法填空。(1)Withthetemperaturerising(rise),theleavesandgrassbegantoappear.(2)Whenthelittlegirlfoundsomanypeoplesurrounding(surround)her,shefeltverynervous.

(3)WhenIsawthedogbeingbeaten(beat)byseveralboys,Icameuptostopthem.

(4)Themanleftusstanding(stand)alone,unabletofindanyhelp.(5)Don’thavethelightsburning(burn)allnight.Itwillwastetoomuchelectricity.

課時檢測·素養(yǎng)達標Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.Theprofessorgiving(give)usaspeechaboutwritingnowisfromPeking2.Listen!Themusicthemusiciansareplayingovertheresoundsinteresting(interest).3.WhenIwasonmywaytoschoolthismorning,Isawtwowomenarguing(argue).4.Byfar,therearemanyproblemsremaining(remain)tobesolved.5.Wewereallamazed(amaze)thathedidn’tkeephiswordasbefore.6.Itwasastonishing(astonish)thattheshygirlstoodupandansweredthequestion.7.Abeggarinragsstoodtherewithhiseyesstaring(stare)atthesteakontheplate.8.Thebridgebeingbuilt(build)atpresentoverthatriverwillcomeintousenextmonth.

9.Myparentsdon’tallowustowatch(watch)violentTVprograms.

10.Don’tleavethegirlwaiting(wait)outsideallthetime.Ⅱ.完成句子1.Thisresultisverydisappointing(太令人悲觀)andwedon’tknowwhattosay.

2.Severalstudentsarereadingbooksinthewaitingroom(候車室).

3.WhatHelenhatesmostisbeinglaughedatbyothers(被別人訕笑).

4.Theman,lookingveryworried(看上去很擔憂),walkedupanddowninthestreet.

5.Mymotherkeptmepractisingplayingthepiano(練習彈鋼琴),whichmademeannoyed.

6.Thefilmwasverymoving(特別感人)andIwasmovedtotears.

7.Thestadiumbeingbuilt(在修建中)atpresentinthecityisintendedforthecomingAsianGames.

8.Tobehonest,myfavoritehobbyisreadingbooks(看書).

依據(jù)提示補全短文Themanonthescreenis1.anordinaryfarmer(一位一般的農(nóng)夫).He2.iscontentwith(對……滿足)hislifenow.Heenjoyssingingverymuch.Heoftenpracticessinginginthefieldsand3.entertainspeoplewith(使某人歡樂)hissongs.Thoughhisfamilywas4.badlyoff(貧困)inthepast,he5.overcamealotofdifficulties(克服了很多困難)tosing.Hedevotedhimselftosingingandmadehimselfcrazyaboutthemusicregardlessofhowbusyhewaswiththefarmwork.

Fortunately,his6.convincing(convince)voicecontributedtohissuccessinasingingcompetitioninaprogramatCCTV.ItmadehimfamousthroughoutChina.7.Uptonow(直到現(xiàn)在),asafarmersinger,hehasbeenmorepopularwithpeople.Hispersistenceanddeterminationhaspaidoffwithafamoustitle—theChinese“UncleSusan”.

課時素養(yǎng)評價八Unit3LearningaboutLanguageⅠ.單句語法填空1.Themanager’staskisdetermining(determine)howwecanimprovetheservicesweofferourcustomers.2.Whenthepolicearrived,theyspottedthemanboarding(board)aplaneflyingtoParis.3.Thewalking(walk)stickIboughtatthefootofMount4.Thereisanoteatthetablesaying(say)thatmyparentshavegonetotheparty.5.Themomentwasmoreexciting(excite)thananythingintheNBAfinals.6.WhenIsawagirltherecrying(cry),Icameovertoherandaskedherwhethersheneededhelp.7.MrsBrownwaswalkingalongthepath,withherlittledaughterfollowing(follow)her.8.Accordingtothereport,thenumberofpeopleintheworldliving(live)withdepressionisincreasing.9.Theshyboyputuphishand,wantingtoanswerthequestion,whichwasasurprising(surprise)change.10.Youwillfinditastonishing(astonish)thattheboysurvivedthatplanecrash.Ⅱ.完成句子1.Theservicehereisdisappointing.Youshouldgotothatrestaurantnexttime.這里的服務讓人悲觀。下次你應當去那個飯店。2.Maryfeltherheartjumpingfasterwhentheteacherreadtheexaminationresult.

當老師宣讀考試結(jié)果的時候,瑪麗感覺自己的心跳加快了。3.ThisorganizationalsoplanstohelpallHaitianshavefreshdrinkingwaterandtoiletsby2030.

這個組織也安排幫助全部的海地人到2030年時能有干凈的飲用水和廁所。4.Doyouknowtheboytalkingtoourheadmasternow?

你相識那個正在跟我們校長說話的男孩嗎?5.Therateofusingfuelsnowlikegasandoilisverysurprisingandtheymaybeuseduponeday.

我們現(xiàn)在用化石燃料如自然氣和石油的速度是特別令人驚訝的,它們有一天可能會被用完。6.Thebossmadethemworkingalldaylong,buthegavethemlowsalaries.

老板讓他們成天工作,但給的工資卻很低。7.Thosepeoplestandingoutsideareallowedtoenterthehallnow.

現(xiàn)在允許站在外面的人進入大廳。8.Don’tleaveherwaitingoutsideintherain.

別讓她在外面淋雨等著。Ⅰ.閱讀理解TheBritishareknownfortheirsenseofhumour.However,itisoftendifficultforforeignerstounderstandtheirjokes.ThemainpointtorememberisthattheBritishoftenuseunderstatement.Understatementmeanssayinglessthanyouthinkorfeel.Forexample,ifsomeonegetsverywetinashowerofrain,hemightsay,“It’salittledamp(潮濕的)outside.”O(jiān)r,ifsomeoneisveryimpoliteandshoutsatanotherperson,someoneelsemightsay,“Sheisn’texactlyfriendly.”Understatementisoftenusedinunpleasantsituationortomakeanotherpersonlooksilly.UnderstatementplaysanimportantpartinBritishhumour.AnotherkeytounderstandingBritishhumouristhattheBritishliketomakefunofthemselvesaswellasothers.Theyoftenlaughaboutthesillyandunpleasantthingsthathappentooureverydaylifewhensomeoneaccidentallyfallsoverinthestreet.Theyalsoliketomakejokesaboutpeoplefromdifferentclassesofsociety.Theyliketomakejokesabouttheiraccents,thewaytheydressandthewaytheybehave.What’smore,theBritishlovetowatchcomediesaboutpeoplewhodonotknowhowtobehaveinsociety.ThecomedyseriesMrBeanisagoodexampleofthiskindofhumour.MrBeanisthecharactercreatedbyBritishactorRowanAtkinsonin1990.MrBeandoesn’ttalkoften,andinsteadheuseshisbodymovementsandfacialexpressionstomakepeoplelaugh.PerhapswhatmakesMrBeansofunnyisthathedoesthingsthatadultsintherealworldcannotdo.MrBeanispopularinmanycountriesaroundtheworldbecauseyoudonothavetospeakEnglishtounderstandthehumour.Becauseofthis,manypeoplehavebecomefamiliarwiththeBritishsenseofhumour.【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文,主要介紹的是如何理解英式幽默。1.WhyisitdifficultforforeignerstounderstandBritishjokes?A.TheBritishoftenenlargethefact.B.Britishjokesareconnectedwithmanydifferentcultures.C.TheBritishtrytomakeoutthatsomethingislessimportantthanitis.D.Britishjokesarenotasfunnyasjokesinothercountries.【解析】選C。細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段ThemainpointtorememberisthattheBritishoftenuseunderstatement.及其次段中的Understatementmeanssayinglessthanyouthinkorfeel.可知,英國人常常運用輕描淡寫,輕描淡寫意味著說得比你想得或感覺得要少,所以外國人很難理解英國笑話是因為英國人總是試圖讓別人覺得事情沒有那么重要。2.Theauthorexplainsunderstatementby_______.

A.usingexamples B.makingcomparisonsC.followingtimeorder D.describingaprocess【解析】選A。細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段Forexample,ifsomeonegetsverywetinashowerofrain,hemightsay,“It’salittledampoutside.”O(jiān)r,ifsomeoneisveryimpoliteandshoutsatanotherperson,someoneelsemightsay,“Sheisn’texactlyfriendly.”可知,作者是通過舉例子來說明輕描淡寫的。3.MrBeanmakespeoplelaughby_______.

A.tellingfunnystoriesB.makingjokesaboutothers’accentsC.copyinghowothersbehaveD.usinghisbodymovementsandfacialexpressions【解析】選D。細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)最終一段MrBeandoesn’ttalkoften,andinsteadheuseshisbodymovementsandfacialexpressionstomakepeoplelaugh.可知,憨豆先生是通過肢體動作和面部表情使人發(fā)笑的。4.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.BritishHumourinComedyB.HumourinDifferentCulturesC.DevelopingYourSenseofHumourD.UnderstandingBritishHumour【解析】選D。主旨大意題。依據(jù)第一段However,itisoftendifficultforforeignerstounderstandtheirjokes.ThemainpointtorememberisthattheBritishoftenuseunderstatement.及倒數(shù)其次段AnotherkeytounderstandingBritishhumouristhattheBritishliketomakefunofthemselvesaswellasothers.可知,外國人很難理解英式幽默,要記住的主要一點是英國人常常運用輕描淡寫,另一個理解英式幽默的關(guān)鍵是英國人不僅喜愛訕笑別人還喜愛訕笑自己,因此本文主要介紹的如何理解英式幽默。Ⅱ.完形填空(2024·濟南高一檢測)Ithadbeenaniceandsunnyday.Isteppedslowlytowardstheedgeofthecliffandlookedout.The1waswonderful.Icould2thegentlewindcomingfromthecoastwhilewatchingthebrilliantsunset.

MydadandIusedtoenjoythesunsettogetheronthatvery3.Wewouldalsowatchthewavescrashintothe4below.Mymotherwouldalwaysannoyushow5itwas.Iwasneverworried,6Ialwaysfeltsafenexttomyfather,whospentmostofhislifeout7iIrememberonetimeonhisboatIhad8offthebackandintothecoldwateraccidentally.Mydadimmediatelyjumpedoffto9me.Iwouldneverforgetthatday,andfromthatpointIknew10wouldpreventmydadprotectingmeifIwasindanger.

AsI11thereontopofthecliff,IrememberedthetimeIspentwithmydad.Ilookeddownsorrowfullyattheurn(骨灰甕)12.Myfatherwasmyrock,someoneIcould13whenIneededhimmost.Butnowhewasgone,andIfeltsorrowfuland14.

Ithadalwaysbeenmyfather’slast15tohavehisashesscatteredatsea.I16theurn,saida17farewell(告辭),andthenslowlytwistedoffthelid.Thewindstartedtochange18,blowingouttowardsthesea.Ilookedlasttimedownatmyfather’sashesandthen19foramoment.Finally,Iscatteredthecontentsoverthecliff.

Iwipedawaytears,butitwasperfecthappinessratherthansadness,becauseIfinallyknewthemanwho20somuchtome,myfather,wasfinallyatpeace.

【文章大意】本文通過回憶和父親在生活中的點點滴滴來表達“我”對父親的懷念。1.A.journeyB.conditionC.viewD.food【解析】選C。依據(jù)題空上一句中的“Isteppedslowlytowardstheedgeofthecliffandlookedout.”和題空下一句中的“thebrilliantsunset”可知,作者看到的是風景,故view“風景”符合語境。journey“旅程”;condition“條件”;food“食物”。2.A.see B.feel C.hear D.smell【解析】選B?！拔摇蹦芨惺艿綔厝岬暮ｏL。see“看到”;feel“感受到”;hear“聽見”;smell“聞到”。依據(jù)語境可知,B項正確。3.A.spot B.river C.field D.moment【解析】選A?！拔摇焙透赣H以前常常一起在那個地方觀賞日落。spot“地點”;river“河流”;field“田地”;moment“時刻”。依據(jù)語境可知,A項正確。4.A.wind B.rubbish C.walls D.rocks【解析】選D。我們會看到海浪沖擊下面的巖石,故rock“巖石”符合語境。5.A.embarrassing B.interestingC.beautiful D.dangerous【解析】選D。母親總是會生我們的氣,(因為)那樣看日落太危急了。故dangerous“危急的”符合語境。embarrassing“令人尷尬的”;interesting“好玩的”;beautiful“漂亮的”。6.A.because B.when C.if D.though【解析】選A?！拔摇睆牟粨鷳n,因為當“我”在父親身邊的時候,總是感覺很平安。依據(jù)語境可知,此處需用because來引導緣由狀語從句。7.A.atpeace B.atrestC.atsunset D.atsea【解析】選D?！拔摇备赣H的大部分時間是在海上他的船中度過的。atpeace“處于和平狀態(tài)”;atrest“安眠,靜止的”;atsunset“日落時”;atsea“在海上”。依據(jù)語境可知,D項正確。8.A.jumped B.fallen C.dived D.swum【解析】選B。依據(jù)“accidentally”可推斷,“我”掉進海里了,故fall“落下,掉下”符合語境。jump“跳”;dive“跳水”;swim“游泳”。9.A.comfort B.search C.rescue D.follow【解析】選C。父親立刻跳下船去救“我”。comfort“勸慰”;search“搜尋”;rescue“營救”;follow“跟隨”。依據(jù)語境可知,C項正確。10.A.everything B.somethingC.nothing D.anything【解析】選C。從那時起,“我”相識到,假如自己遇上危急,沒有任何東西能阻擋父親去愛護“我”。everything“一切”;something“某事”;nothing“沒有任何東西”;anything“任何事物”。依據(jù)語境可知,C項正確。11.A.stood B.lay C.hanged D.slept【解析】選A。當“我”站在懸崖的頂端。stand“站立”;lie“躺,撒謊”;hang的過去式為hanged時意為“上吊,絞死”;sleep“睡覺”。依據(jù)語境可知,A項正確。12.A.undermyarm B.inmyhandC.onmyshoulder D.aroundmyneck【解析】選B?！拔摇焙馨嫉乜粗掷锏墓腔耶Y。故inmyhand“在我的手里”符合語境。undermyarm“在我的胳膊下”;onmyshoulder“在我的肩膀上”;aroundmyneck“在我的頸項上”。13.A.carefor B.learnfromC.dependon D.turndown【解析】選C。當“我”特別須要他時,父親是“我”可以依靠的人。carefor“照看”;learnfrom“從……學到”;dependon“依靠,信任”;turndown“拒絕,關(guān)小”。依據(jù)語境可知,C項正確。14.A.fearless B.hopeless C.careless D.shameless【解析】選B。但是現(xiàn)在他已離“我”而去,“我”感到哀痛和無望。fearless“無畏的”;hopeless“無望的”;careless“馬虎的”;shameless“無恥的”。依據(jù)語境可知,B項正確。15.A.chance B.behaviourC.ambition D.wish【解析】選D。將骨灰撒在大海始終以來都是“我”父親的愿望。chance“機會”;behaviour“行為”;ambition“雄心”;wish“愿望”。依據(jù)語境可知,D項正確。16.A.lookedbackon B.lookedoutforC.lookeddownat D.lookedupto【解析】選C?！拔摇毕蛳驴戳丝词掷锏墓腔耶Y,靜默地向它告辭,然后漸漸擰開蓋子。lookbackon“回顧”;lookoutfor“留心”;lookdownat“向下看”;lookupto“敬重”。依據(jù)語境可知,C項正確。依據(jù)本段中的“Ilookedlasttimedownatmyfather’sashes”也可得出答案。17.A.silent B.shockingC.sudden D.strange【解析】選A。“我”向下看了看手里的骨灰甕,靜默地向它告辭,然后漸漸擰開蓋子。silent“靜默的”。18.A.speed B.distance C.force D.direction【解析】選D。海風起先變更方向。direction“方向”,符合語境。speed“速度”;distance“距離”;force“武力”。19.A.screamed B.hesitatedC.laughed D.complained【解析】選B?！拔摇边t疑了一會兒,故hesitate“遲疑”,符合語境。scream“尖叫”;laugh“笑”;complain“埋怨”。20.A.helped B.meant C.owed D.did【解析】選B。因為“我”最終意識到這個對“我”特別重要的男人,“我”的父親最終得到了安靜。故meansth.tosb.“對某人有價值或重要”符合語境。help“幫助”;owe“將……歸功于”;do“對……有效果”。Ⅲ.語法填空閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Chinesenamesarefullofmeanings.Itispartoftheculture.Westernpeople’snamesarealittle1.___________(difference).Let’slookatsomeofthe2.___________(reason)behindWesternnames.

If3.___________girlfromChinaiscalled“Mei”,weknowitmeans“beautiful”.Ifaboyiscalled“Wu”,weknowitmeans“l(fā)ikeasoldier”.Itisbecauseofthemeaning4.___________peoplechoosethenamesforthelittleboyorgirl.

Sometimesnames5.___________(pick)fortheirmeaningintheWesttoo.Ifagirliscalled“Joy”thentheparentshavenamedherthisbecausetheywanther6.___________(be)happyandtobringothers7.___________(happy).Othertimesnamesarechosenbecausetheyaretraditionalnames8.___________(take)fromtheBible(圣經(jīng))forexample,likeNoah,Mathew,RuthandJohn.

ButinaWesterncountryboysandgirlsaregivennamesforotherreasons.Thesound9.___________(be)veryimportant.ParentscallagirlJasmine,maybejustbecausetheylikethesoundofit.

Parentswilloftenchooseanamebecauseitalso10.___________(belong)toafamousperson,likeapopstar,anactor,orafootballer.Inthelast10yearsmanyboyshavebeennamed“David”afterthefootballerDavidBeckham.

【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文,介紹了中西方取名字的差異。1.【解析】different?？疾樵~性轉(zhuǎn)換。作表語用形容詞,故填different。2.【解析】reasons?？疾槊~的復數(shù)。some修飾可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù),故填reasons。3.【解析】a。考查冠詞。此處泛指一個中國女孩,故填a。4.【解析】that?？疾閺娬{(diào)句型。句意:正是因為這個含義人們才給小男孩和小女孩取這個名字。此處為強調(diào)句型,其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為itis+被強調(diào)部分+that+其余部分,此處強調(diào)緣由狀語,故填that。5.【解析】arepicked?？疾閯釉~的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意:有時在西方名字也是依據(jù)其含義選擇的。文章基礎時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時,names與pick之間是被動關(guān)系,因此用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。6.【解析】tobe。考查非謂語動詞。wantsb.todosth.想讓某人做某事,不定式作賓語補足語。7.【解析】happiness?？疾樵~性轉(zhuǎn)換。bringsb.sth.表示“給某人帶來某物”,此處作賓語應用名詞,故填happiness。8.【解析】taken。考查非謂語動詞。names與take是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系,表示被動,用過去分詞作后置定語。9.【解析】is?？疾闀r態(tài)和主謂一樣。文章基礎時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時,主語是sound,謂語用第三人稱單數(shù),故填is。10.【解析】belongs。考查時態(tài)和主謂一樣。句意:父母通常也會選擇一個屬于名人的名字。文章基礎時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時,主語是it,謂語用第三人稱單數(shù),故填belongs。閱讀理解A(2024·蘇州高一檢測)HowPlantsBranchOuttoAccessWaterNewresearchhasdiscoveredhowplantrootssensetheavailabilityofwaterinsoilandthenadapt(適應)theirshapetoacquirewater.Thediscoverycouldenablecropstoberaisedwhicharemoreadaptivetochangesinclimateconditions,suchastheabsenceofwater,andhelpensurefoodsafetyinthefuture.Thesefindings,publishedinthejournalScience,describeanewmechanism(機制)discoveredbycooperatingteamsattheuniversitiesofNottinghamandDurham.Rootsareveryimportantforplantstoacquirewaterandnutrients(養(yǎng)分)fromthesoil.Waterisnecessarytoplantgrowth,yetchangingclimaticconditionsmakesacquiringwaterfromsoilevenmorechallenging.Plantsareabletoadapttodifferentsoilmoisture(潮濕)conditionsbychangingtheirroots.Theresearchersdiscoveredthatplantrootslackingabranchingmastergenewerenolongerabletobranchout.Theyfoundthatwhenrootshaveaccesstomoisture,thecertaingeneremainsactiveandpromotesrootbranching,butwhenputinair,thegeneisinactivated,preventingrootbranching.Theresearchhasidentifiedthecertainproteinwhichcaninactivaterootbranching.ProfessorSadanandomexplained,“Thisishugelyexcitingasitopensupthepossibilityforustohelpdevelopplantsthatcouldcontinuetobranchrootseveninchallengingconditionssuchastheabsenceofwater.”ProfessorBennettconcluded,“Wateristhekeytoplantgrowth,developmentandtheirsurvival.Bystudyinghowplantrootschangetheirbranchinginresponse(回應)towateravailability,wehaveuncoveredanewmechanism.Thisopensthewaytodevelopnewcropsbetteradaptedtoclimatechangeandtohelpdeliverglobalfoodsafety.”Itisabsolutelyimperativetoensurefoodsafetyworldwide.Cropproductionmustdoubleby2050tokeeppacewithglobalpopulationgrowth.Thistargetisevenmorechallengingconsideringtheeffectofclimatechangeonwateravailability.Inthiscase,developingcropswithbetterabilitytoacquirewaterwouldprovideasolution.【文章大意】本文是說明文。一項新的探討發(fā)覺了植物根系是如何感知土壤中水分的可利用性,然后調(diào)整自身形態(tài)來獲得水分的,并介紹了這一發(fā)覺的意義。1.ThefindingsoftheresearchmayhaveapositiveeffectonseveralglobalissuesEXCEPT_______.

A.ensuringfoodsafetyB.preservingtheagricultureC.solvingtheabsenceofwaterD.increasingcropproduction【解析】選B。細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段中的最終一句及文章其他內(nèi)容可知這一發(fā)覺能使農(nóng)作物更能適應氣候條件的變更,增加產(chǎn)量,解決水資源缺乏,并有助于確保將來的食品平安。B項愛護農(nóng)業(yè)沒有涉及,故選B。2.Withthehelpofthefindings,plantsmaybeableto_______.

A.takeinmorenutrientsB.changeinactivatedrootsC.growinchallengingconditionsD.branchoutwithoutaspecialgene.【解析】選C。細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第五段Thisishugelyexcitingasitopensupthepossibilityforustohelpdevelopplantsthatcouldcontinuetobranchrootseveninchallengingconditionssuchastheabsenceofwater.可知這個發(fā)覺為我們供應了一種可能性,能夠幫助我們培育出即使在缺水這樣具有挑戰(zhàn)性的條件下也能接著生根的植物。故選C。3.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“imperative”inthelastparagraph?A.effective. B.hopeful.C.impractical. D.urgent.【解析】選D。詞義揣測題。第六段最終一句Thisopensthewaytodevelopnewcropsbetteradaptedtoclimatechangeandtohelpdeliverglobalfoodsafety.提到新發(fā)覺為開發(fā)更好地適應氣候變更的新作物和幫助實現(xiàn)全球食品平安開拓了道路。本句提到了ensurefoodsafetyworldwide(確保全球食品平安),依據(jù)上下文語境和常識可知此處指確保全球食物平安是肯定緊迫的,imperative與urgent同義,故選D。4.WhatisthenewmechanismmentionedbyProfessorBennett?A.Howabranchingmastergenerespondstoaparticularnutrient.B.Howplantrootschangetheirshapeaccordingtothesoilmoisture.C.Whyplantshavedifferentabilitiestoadapttosoilmoistureconditions.D.Howthecertainproteininactivatesrootbranchingwhenaccessibletowater.【解析】選B。推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段中的Plantsareabletoadapttodifferentsoilmoistureconditionsbychangingtheirroots.(植物能夠通過變更它們的根來適應不同的土壤潮濕條件。)和倒數(shù)其次段中的Bystudyinghowplantrootschangetheirbranchinginresponsetowateravailability,wehaveuncoveredanewmechanism.(通過探討植物根系如何變更它們的分支來回應水的可用性,我們發(fā)覺了一個新的機制。)由此推斷出,這個新機制就是植物根系是如何依據(jù)土壤濕度變更形態(tài)的,故選B。BThoughsometimeswemayloseourabilitytodosomethingwelove,passionsdon’thavetoend.SuzellePooleofDallas,Suzellestartedballetwhenshewasjust7yearsold,andherdevotiononlygrewstrongerashertalentincreasedinthefollowingyears.Infact,Suzellewassotalentedthatshewenttoperformallaroundtheworld!Likemostprofessionalballerinas(芭蕾舞女),Suzelleexpectedashort-livedcareer.“WhenIwasabout26,IknewIonlyhadafewyearsleft,”shesaid.It’ssimplythenatureoftheartformbecausethemovementsaresohardonpeople’sbodies.ButSuzelle’sbodydidn’twearoutat26—oreven56!Atonepoint,shebrokeherarmbutshewasdancingagainbyth