2024北京懷柔一中高二（上）期中英語（教師版）

第1頁/共1頁2024北京懷柔一中高二（上）期中英語2024.11(考試時間:90分鐘分值:100分)一.完形填空(共10小題;每小題1.5分,共15分.)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Earlierintheday,Ihadpreparedfortheunlikelyeventofaflood.Ithadbeenrainingheavilythatweek,andauthoritieshadissuedafloodwarning,thoughnotforwhereIwas.1,I'dplacedsandbagsoutsidemygardendoorjustincase.AsIwasabouttofallasleepinmybasementbedroom,Isuddenlyheardthesoundofrushingwater.WhenIswungmylegsoffthebed,Iwas2bythesensationofcoldwatertouchingmyxileesandrisingfast.Shakinginthedarkness,Igrabbedmyphoneandturnedonthe3.AsIsteppedoutofmybedroom,waterwasshootingthroughthegapsofthegardendoor.Thewatermusthavegoneoverthesandbags.Allaroundme,mythingsbegantofloat(漂)andthewaterwasnowuptomywaist.Ibeganto4andstartedtowalktomyonly5:thedoorthatleadsupstairs.Istruggledtothedoorandtriedtopullitopen,buttheforceofthe6wouldn'tletmedoso.Ilookedaroundandgrabbedabroom(掃帚)floatingbehindmetoopenthedoor.Imanagedtomakeagapofaboutafoot,justwideenoughto7myselfthrough.Finally,I8outside.Icamesoclosetodeaththatday.Butratherthantrappedinthat,Ipreferto9whatmymothertoldmeafterward:"Don'trememberthedaywhenyoulosteverything.Rememberthedayyou10.”1.A.InsteadB.StillC.MeanwhileD.Therefore2.A.amusedB.movedC.shockedD.confused3.A.radioB.heaterC.recorderD.flashlight4.A.panicB.exciteC.swimD.return5.A.trapB.escapeC.shelterD.entrance6.A.airB.sandC.windD.water7.A.wetB.checkC.forceD.live8.A.madeitB.forgotitC.beatitD.leftit9.A.rewardB.refuseC.recallD.recreate10.A.survivedB.changedC.startedD.recovered二.語法填空(共10小題,每小題1.5分,共15分.)閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空，在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。ATheworldwillobserveInternationalMuseumDayonMay18th.Since1977,thisday11(celebrate)bytheInternationalCouncilofMuseumsannuallytoraiseawarenessoftherolethatmuseumsplayinthedevelopmentofsociety.Thedayisanexcellentwayof12(get)moreoftheyoungergenerationsinterestedinthehistoryandcultureavailableinmuseums.Everyyear,theorganization13(decide)onanewtheme.Andthethemefor2023isMuseums,SustainabilityandWell-being.BSmartphonesarebecomingmoreandmoreofanecessityforhighschoolstudents.Therefore,adiscussionwasheldabout14theseniorschoolstudentsshouldusesmartphonesatschool.People15rsupport)theideaconsideritconvenienttocontactthestudents’parentswhennecessary.However,peoplewhoareagainstitfindsomestudentsareaddictedtoplayingthesmartphoneseasily,whoseeffectontheirstudiesisquiteworrying.Itiseven16(bad)thatsmartphonescanalsodiscouragestudents’will.CReadingisauniquehumanexperience.Justbyskimmingoureyesoversomewords,wecan1(mental)travelacrosstimeandspace.Butreadingcanalsobehard,especiallywhenwe'refacedwithadifficulttext.18(make)itaneasier,morerewardingexperience,you'dbetterreadinprintwheneverpossible.Onereasonfordoingsoisthatoureyesarelesslikelytoskimpastprintedwordsthanthose19screen.Plus,consumingcontentonaphysicalpagehelpsthebrainmakeamentalmapoftheinformation,20inturnmakesiteasiertorememberdetailsinfuture.三.閱讀理解(共14小題，每小題2分，共28分.)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AGrandCanyonNationalParkLocatedinnorthernArizona,theparkcovers277milesoftheColoradoRiverandnearbyuplands.Oneofthemostawesomeexamplesoferosion(侵蝕)intheworld,GrandCanyonisunmatchedintheincomparableviewitofferstovisitors.ParkOpeningsandClosingsTheVillageandDesertViewontheSouthRimareopenallyearandparkentrancesremainopen24hoursaday.NorthRimfacilitiesopenmid-Mayandclosemid-October.Parkentrancesremainopen24hoursadayduringthistime.Hoursforvisitorcentersandbusinessesvarythroughouttheyear.ParkInformationTheparkproducesaPocketMapwithaNorthRimandSouthRimeditionthatcontainsamapandinformationaboutservices,facilities,andparkrangerprograms.ItisavailableinFrench,German,Italian,Spanish,andChinese.Ahikingbrochureisavailableforthoseplanningtohikeoneofthepark'smaintrailsdownintoGrandCanyon.Obtainpublicationsatentrancestations,visitorcenters,or/136oil.AccessibilityTheterrain(地形)isruggedwithnarrow,rockytrailsandsteepcliffs.Visitorsusingwheelchairsorhavingvisualdisabilitiesmayneedassistance.FormoreinformationaboutaccessibilityinGrandCanyonNationalParksee/1rtx12.ParkEntranceFeesAdmissiontotheparkus$35perprivatevehicle;$30permotorcycle;and$20perpersonenteringtheparkthroughGrandCanyonRailway,parkshuttlebus,walking,orridingabicycle.Thepasscanbeusedforsevendaysandincludesbothrims.Payfeesatparkentrancestationsoratsomebusinessesoutsidethepark.EveryyeartheNationalParkServiceoffersentrancefeefreedays.Forcompletefeeinformation,pleasevisit/y5uu6f.SustainabilityGrandCanyonNationalParkinvolvessustainabilityinallaspectsofitsoperations.UseyourrefillablewaterbottletofilluponfreeGrandCanyonspringwateratvisitorcentersandgrocerystores.Recyclingcontainersareconvenientlylocatedandascommonastrashbins.Discoverwhatelseyoucandotoprotecttheenvironmentwhiletravelinghereand/lb2rzt.21.Peoplewithphysicaldisabilitiescanfinddetailedinformationonparkfacilitiesdesignedforthembyvisiting.A./lrtx12B./y5uu6fC./136ojlD./lb2rzt22.Whatistheadmissionfeeifyouandyourparentsplantogoonasix-dayvacationtoGrandCanyonNationalParkbydrivingacar?A.$95.B.$60.C.$35.D.$70.23.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Visitorshaveyear-roundaccesstoeverycornerofthenationalpark.B.HikerswhocanonlyspeakChinesecannotexploretheNorthRimwithoutaguide.C.VisitorsareforbiddentoleaveanytrashintheNationalParktomaintainsustainability.D.TheGrandCanyonfeaturesisoneoftheworld'smostvisuallybreathtakinglandscapes.BIwasbornmissingmyleftarm.In1986,at18months,Iwasfittedwithaprosthetic(義肢)device,adecisionmadebymyparentsanddoctorssothatIwoulddevelop“normally”.Ispentmyentirechildhoodandadolescencetryingtofitin.Ididjustaboutanythingtoeasethepainsofthestaresandpointingfingersfrommyclassmates.BythetimeIwas8,Ihadnoself-confidence,andthehandIwaswearingwasmakingitharderformetofitin.SoIdecidedIwasbetteroffwithoutone.Ididn'tneedanyonetofixme.ToprovethatIwasn'tlimitedbymydisability,Idevelopedaloveforallsports,inparticularswimming.IwasselectedtomyfirstAustralianwomen'sswimmingteamatage13andsuccessfullyrepresentedmycountryforeightyears.IrealizedI'dmadeanameformyselfbecauseofmydisability.Itaughtmyselfhowtobecomfortableinasocietyfilledwithinsecurities.SowhenIwasfirstcontactedin2021byCovvi,acompanytryingtocreatetheworld'smostadvancedbionic(仿生的)hand,Iwasabitsurprised.Theyaskedmetotrialthehandand,ifpossible,tobecomeapatientadvocate.Initially,Isaidno.Then,curiositygotthebetterofme.WhileIwasbusyadvocatingfordisabilityrights,anewgenerationofleaders,likeAmyPurdyandNickVujicic,usedthepoweroftechnologyandsocialmediatodisplaywheelchairsorartificiallimbswithoutexplanation.Peoplefeareddisabilityless.Societywasbeginningtoseeapersonfirst,andtheirdisabilitysecond.Viewingdisabilitythroughasociallensalsomeantacknowledgingthatapersonismoredisabledbytheirenvironmentandthediscriminationofothersthanbytheiractualdisability.Asthoseconversationsshifted,Irealizedthattherewasanopportunitytousetechnologytosteerthenarrativeforfuturegenerations.InJuly2022,Idecidedtotrialthehand.Theroleofpatientadvocateisanenormousprivilege.Throughsharingmyjourney,I'mabletoreachthousandsofotherpeoplewhowouldbenefitfromitsextraordinarycapabilities.That'swhyIwearabionichand—notbecauseI'mbroken,butbecauseIhaveanopportunitytoenhancethehumancapabilitiesthatalreadyexist.24.Theauthordevelopedaloveforallsportsbecause.A.shewaslongingforfameB.sportsgaveherself-confidenceC.shewantedtodefeatherdisabilityD.herprostheticdeviceempoweredher25.FromPurdyandVujicic,theauthorlearned.A.morepeopleacknowledgedtheirlimitsB.thedisabledneededafriendlierenvironmentC.socialmediaallowedthedisabledopportunitiesD.technologyshiftedpeople'sattitudestodisability26.Whichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribetheauthor?A.Intelligentandbrave.B.Warm-heartedandpatient.C.Responsibleandstrong-willed.D.Independentandinnovative.27.Fromthepassage,welearnthatoneshould.A.maximizeone'sabilitiesbyembracingrealityB.buildone'ssocialcirclewithoptimismC.sticktoone'sgoaltoachievesuccessD.takeiteasyindifficultsituationsCbroccoliWhenservedcauliflowerorbroccoli,somekidsturnawayinannoyance.Don'tblamethem—anewstudysuggestsspecificenzymes(酶)insaliva(唾液)mightmakethesevegetablestasteterribletosomechildren.broccoliTheseenzymes,calledcysteinelyases,areproducedbybacteriainthemouth.ThesameenzymesarealsolockedawayinthecellsofBrassicavegetableslikebroccoliandcauliflower.Whenwechewbroccoli,theseenzymesspilloutoftheirstoragecontainerswhilethoseinourmouthstarttowork.Theseenzymesbreakdownacompound(化合物)calledS-methyl-L-cysteinesulfoxide(SMCSO)inthesevegetables,andthisbreakdownprocesstransformsthecompoundintosharpsmellmolecules(分子).Previousstudiesofadultssuggestthelevelofcysteinelyaseactivityinaperson'ssalivadetermineshowmuchtheSMCSObreaksdown.This,inturn,influenceshowthesevegetablestastetoadults.Accordingtothesepaststudies,whendifferentadultsconsumebroccoli,therecanbeahugedifferenceinhowmanyunpleasantsmellsthefoodletsoffastheirsaliva-borneenzymesbreakittobits.Buttheauthorswonderedwhetherthesamedifferencecanbeseeninkids,whoareusuallymoresensitivetobitterandsourtastes.Theysuspectedthatkidswhosesalivaproducedthemostsmelly,SMCSO-sourcedcompoundswouldshowthestrongestdislikeforbroccoli.Andtheteam'snewstudyprovedtheirassumption.Whilebothadults'andkids'salivaproducedsmellycompoundswhenexposedtocauliflower,thesesmellsdidnotinfluencewhetheradultslikedthevegetable.Ontheotherhand,kidswhosesalivaproducedhighconcentrationsofthesesmellsreportedhatingcauliflowerthemost.Thenewstudyincluded98pairsofparentsandchildrenaged6to8.Aftertakingsamplesofeachparticipant'ssaliva,thescientistsmixeditintorawcauliflowerpowder.TheymeasuredtheSMCSO-sourcedsmellcompoundsletoffandfoundeachparticipant'ssalivageneratedadifferentquantityofsmells.Interestingly,thedegreeofsicklysmellproductionwassimilarbetweenparents’salivaandtheirchildren's.Thisindicatesthatparentsandkidslikelycarrysimilarbacteriaintheirmouths,whichwouldcausethemtoproducesimilarlevelsofcysteinelyases.Oursensesoftasteandsmellarestrongestinyouth,whichmaymakekidsevenmoresensitivetothesedifferencesinflavor.Thesamepreferencepatternisnotseeninadults,whoalsoproduceplentyofbadsmells.ThissuggeststhattheadultscametotoleratethetasteofBrassicavegetables.Thefindingsagreewithpaststudiesofhowourtasteschangeovertime:wecanlearntoovercomeourdistasteforcertainfoodbyeatingitmore.28.Whatarethefirsttwoparagraphsmainlyabout?A.Thefunctionofmouthbacteria.B.Thecauseofanunpleasantflavor.C.ThefeatureofBrassicavegetables.D.Theformofenzymesinourmouth.29.Whatdopreviousstudiesindicate?A.SMCSO-breakdowndependsonvariousenzymes.B.EnzymesdeterminethetasteofBrassicavegetables.C.Individualsreleasevaryingamountsofsmellmolecules.D.Kidsproduc?ngthemostsmellshatebroccoliparticularly.30.Whatcanweconcludefromthepassage?A.Wemightacceptsomefoodsthroughrepeatedexposure.B.Thelevelofsmellsmayaffectanadult'stastepreference.C.Parents’andtheirkids’saliva-borneenzymesdon’tmatch.D.Kids'salivacouldproducehigherconcentrationsofsmells.31.Whydoestheauthorwritethepassage?A.Toexplainafoodpreference.B.Tointroducearesearchmethod.C.Toillustrateabiologicalprocess.D.Toshowthediscoveryofanenzyme.DIfyouhadtheopportunitytoliveforever,wouldyoutakeit?Keepingyourbodyaliveindefinitelystillseemslikeanimpossibility,butsomescientiststhinkthatdigitaltechnologymayhavetheanswer:creatingadigitalcopyofyour“self”andkeepingit“alive”onlinelongafteryourphysicalbodyhasceasedtofunction.Ineffect,theproposalistocloneapersonelectronically.Unlikethefamiliarphysicalclones—childrenthathaveidenticalfeaturesastheirparents,butthatarecompletelyseparateorganismswithaseparatelife—yourelectronicclonewouldbelieveitselftobeyou.Howmightthisbepossible?Thefirststepwouldbetomapthebrain.How?Oneplanreliesonthedevelopmentofnanotechnology(納米技術(shù)).RayKurzweil—oneofthekingsofartificialintelligence—predictsthatwithintwoorthreedecadeswewillhavenanotransmittersthatcanbeputintothebloodstream.Inthecapillaries(毛細血管)ofthebrain,theywouldlineupalongsidetheneuronsanddetectthedetailsofthecerebral(大腦的)electronicactivity.Theywouldbeabletosendthatinformationtoareceiverinsideaspecialhelmet,sotherewouldbenoneedforanywiresstickingoutofthehead.Asafurtherstep,RayKurzweilalsoimaginesthenanotransmittersbeingabletoconnectyoutoaworldofvirtualrealityontheInternet,similartowhatwasshowninthefilm“Matrix”.Withthenanotransmittersinplace,bythoughtalone,youcouldlogontotheInternetandinsteadofthepicturescominguponyourscreen,theywouldplayinsideyourmind.Ratherthansendyourfriendse-mailsyouwouldagreetomeetuponsomevirtualtropicalbeach.Somepeoplebelievethattheycanenjoylifeafterdeath.Butwhywaitforthatwhenyoucouldhaveashotofnanobots(納米機器人)anduploadyourbrainontotheInternetandliveforeverasavirtualsurfer?Onesnag:toexistonthenetyouwillhavetohaveyourneuralnetworkparkedonthecomputerofaweb-hostingcompany.Thesecompanieswantrealmoneyinrealbankaccountseveryyearortheywillwipeyourbitoftheharddiscandsellthespacetosomeoneelse.Withyourbodysixfeetundergroundhowwillyoupay?32.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Nanotransmitterscanhelpmapthehumanbrain.B.Electronicclonesrecreatetheoriginalhumanbody.C.Electronicclonesmayputtheirphysicalselvesintomovies.D.Nanotransmittersuseahelmettodetectthecerebralactivities.33.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardselectronicclones?A.Optimisticandcareful.B.Interestedandunconvinced.C.Excitedandconfused.D.Assuredandcritical.34.Theauthorasks“howwillyoupay?”attheendofthearticle,because.A.youcan'tpaytoexistontheInternetifyouarephysicallydeadB.youcan'tpayforharddiscspaceifyoudon'thaveabankaccountC.youcan'tpayforaspecialserviceiftoomanypeoplewanttouseitD.youcan'tpaytheweb-hostingcompanyifyoudon'thaveaneuralnetwork四.七選五(共5小題；每小題2分，共10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。PhysicistandNobelPrizewinnerRichardFeynmandevelopedacleverlearningmethodknownastheFeynmanTechnique.Itinvolvesexplainingwhatyou'relearningtoothers.Byteachingwhatyou'velearnedfrommemory,youengageinactiverecall.35Italsoensuresthatyouunderstandthetopic,becauseyoucanonlyexplainanideaifyoutrulyunderstandit.Thetechniqueconsistsoffourrepeatablesteps.Tobegin,chooseaconceptortopicyouwishtofullyunderstand.36Themoreinterestedyouare,thefasteryou'llgraspit.Moreover,apersonallyinterestingtopicwillkeepyoumotivatedandengaged.37Writenotesandexplainitinawaythatmakessensetoafive-year-old.Ifyou'dratheravoidactuallyteachingsomeone,youcanjustteachittoanimaginaryaudience.Butitworksmuchbetterifyouusearealperson.They'llbeabletoletyouknowwhensomethingisn'tclear.Whileteachingyoumaydiscovergapsinyourunderstanding38Reviewyournotes,rereadbooks,orseekexternalhelptoensureyouhaveacompleteunderstandingofthecontextbeforemovingforward.Nowthatyoufullygrasptheconcept,testyourunderstandingbytryingtoteachittoanotherperson.Thiswillhelpyouidentifyanyremain?ngareasofuncertaintyyouneedtorevisit.TheFeynmanTechniqueisagreatwayforkidsandgrown-upstolearn.39Youneedtoactivelythinkabouttheprobleminsteadofpassivelyreadingorlisteningtosomeoneelse.However,withgreateffortsinmasteringthismethod,you’llseeyourlearningresultsimprovequickerthaneverbefore.A.Itismentallydemanding.B.Thishelpstheinformationstickinyourmindbetter.C.Teachittoafive-year-old,whowouldgiveyoudirectfeedback.D.Yourcuriosityaboutitwilldeterminethepaceofyourlearning.E.Onceyouhavechosenatopic,youcanteachittosomeoneelse.F.Activeengagementplaysakeyroleinpromotingdeeperlearning.G.Whenthishappens,referbacktotheoriginalmaterialforthemissingpieces.五.回答問題：(共4小題；每小題3分，共12分)閱讀下面短文和問題，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容和每小題后的具體要求，在答題卡相應(yīng)題號后的橫線上寫下相關(guān)信息，完成對該問題的回答。ARubbishCollector'sWorkIsNeverDoneBrianKanewasarubbishcollectorinDenver,Colorado.Eighthoursaday,fivedaysaweek,fiftyweeksayear,herodeonthebackofagarbagetruck.Ateachstop,hewouldjogtothebackofbuildings,thendragheavyrubbishcanstothetruck.Briannevercomplained.Briansawthesehardshipsasopportunitiestobecomestrongandfit.Hisjobwasatraininggroundforhislifelongdream:toclimbMountQomolangma.Onhisthirtiethbirthday,BriantookaleavefromhisjobandflewtoNepaltobeginthelong,difficultjourneyupMountQomolangma.Brianfirstclimbedtoabasecamp.Heplannedtobringthreeoxygencontainerswithhimtothetop.At29,028feet,itwouldbehardtosurvivewithoutextraoxygen.Overthenexttwomonths,Brianclimbedto26,000feet,toCampFour——thelastplacetorestbelowthetopofthemountain.ButwhenBriansawthiscamp,hefelltohisknees.“Rubbish!”hecried.Nearlyathousandemptyoxygencontainerslitteredthecamparea.Humanshadturnedthisbeautiful,far-awayplaceintoabigrubbishpile.Brianwasverysad.Butwithastrongdetermination