2025屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)強化專練考點04閱讀理解議論文及夾敘夾議文含解析

考點04閱讀理解爭論文及夾敘夾議文Passage1（2024·河北高三月考）Robotsaregettingbetteratdoinghumanjobs.That'sprobablygoodfortheeconomy—buttherearesomeseriousdownsides,too.Machinesareexpectedtodisplaceabout20millionmanufacturingjobsacrosstheworldoverthenextdecade,accordingtoareportreleasedbyOxfordEconomics,aglobalforecastingandquantitativeanalysisfirm.Thatmeansabout8.5%oftheglobalmanufacturingworkforcecouldbedisplacedbyrobots.Thereportalsonotesthatthemovetorobotstendstocreatenewjobsasfastasitautomatesthem;however,itcouldcontributetoincomeinequality.Theuseofrobotsisontherise:atthispoint,everynewrobotthatisinstalled(安裝)displaces1.6manufacturingworkersonaverage,accordingtotheOxfordEconomicmodel.Robotsarebecomingcheaperthanmanyhumanworkers,inpartbecauseofthefallingcostsofmachines.Andtheyareincreasinglycapableoffunctioninginmorecomplexprocessesandvariedcontexts.Ontopofthat,thedemandformanufacturedgoodsisrising.Onepotentialdownsizetotherobotrevolution:automationcouldincreaseincomeinequality."Thisgreatdisplacementwillnotbeevenlydistributedaroundtheworld,orwithincountries,"accordingtothereport."Ourresearchshowsthatthenegativeeffectsofrobotizationaredisproportionately(不成比例地)feltinthelower-incomeregionscomparedwithhigher-incomeregionsofthesamecountry."Theworkerswhodriveknowledgeandinnovationwithinthemanufacturingindustrytendtobeconcentratedinlargercities,andthoseskillsarehardertoautomate.That'swhyurbanareaswilldealbetterwiththeincreasedautomation,accordingtothereport.Onthewhole,theincreaseduseofautomationwilllikelycreatenewjobsatapacecomparabletothejobsthatwillbelost,whichcancelsoutfearsaboutpermanentjobdestruction,accordingtotheOxfordstudy.Thatsaid,thepoorerregionsthatareexpectedtolosethemostjobswillprobablynotbenefitequallyfromthisnewjobcreationduetoagapinskills.Thatwillleadtoincreasedincomeinequalitybetweencitiesandruralareas,aswellasbetweenregions.1．What"downside"doestheauthormainlydiscuss?A．Peoplewillnotbeabletofindjobsinthefuture.B．Robotswillfinallytaketheplaceofpeople.C．Displacementbyrobotswillincreaseincomeinequality.D．Robotsarebecomingcheaperthanmanyhumanworkers.2．Whatdotheworkersneedtodotocompetewithrobotsinthefuture?A．Tomakerobotshelpthemwiththeharderwork.B．Toimprovetheirinnovativeabilityandknowledge.C．Tomovetolargercitiesormoredevelopedcountries.D．Tomaketheirskillsfasterandeasiertobeautomated.3．Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A．Theincreaseduseofautomationwillcreatemorejobs.B．Peopleneedn'tworryaboutpermanentjobdestruction.C．Thepoorercountrieswillnotbenefitfromautomation.D．Theincomegapbetweencitiesandruralregionswillwiden.4．Whatcanweconcludefromthepassage?A．Robotsshouldbebannedinthefuturebecauseofthedisadvantages.B．Robotscandomoreandbetterthanhumansincomplicatedprocesses.C．Theincreasingneedformanufacturedgoodspartlycontributestorobotization.D．Thenegativeeffectsofrobotizationwillbeevenlydistributedaroundtheworld.【答案】1．C2．B3．D4．C【分析】這是一篇爭論文。文章主要講解并描述了機器人越來越擅長做人類的工作。這可能對經(jīng)濟有好處，但也有一些嚴峻的負面影響。1．細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第五段“Onepotentialdownsizetotherobotrevolution:automationcouldincreaseincomeinequality.”（機器人革命的一個潛在縮減:自動化可能會加劇收入不同等。）可知，機器人的替代將加劇收入不同等。故選C。2．細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第六段“Theworkerswhodriveknowledgeandinnovationwithinthemanufacturingindustrytendtobeconcentratedinlargercities,andthoseskillsarehardertoautomate.That'swhyurbanareaswilldealbetterwiththeincreasedautomation,accordingtothereport.”（在制造業(yè)中推動學(xué)問和創(chuàng)新的工人往往集中在較大的城市，而這些技能更難實現(xiàn)自動化。報告稱，這就是為什么城市地區(qū)將更好地應(yīng)對自動化程度提高的緣由。）可知，工人須要提高他們的創(chuàng)新實力和學(xué)問，以在將來與機器人競爭。故選B。3．主旨大意題。依據(jù)文章最終一段“Thatwillleadtoincreasedincomeinequalitybetweencitiesandruralareas,aswellasbetweenregions.”（這將導(dǎo)致城市和農(nóng)村以及地區(qū)之間的收入不同等加劇。）可知，最終一段主要講解并描述了城鄉(xiāng)收入差距進一步擴大。故選D。4．推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章第四段“Ontopofthat,thedemandformanufacturedgoodsisrising.”（除此之外，對制成品的需求也在上升。）可推知，對制成品日益增長的需求在確定程度上推動了機器人化。故選C。Passage2（（2024·河北石家莊市·石家莊二中高三期中）Iwasspeakingtothefaculty(全體老師)atJohnF.KennedyElementarySchoolinCanton,Massachusetts,acoupleweeksago.Iarrivedearlyanddecidedtotakeawalk.TherewasaLittleLeaguefieldnearby.Ispottedasignonthefence.Thesign,postedbytheCantonLittleLeague,read:PLEASEREMEMBER·Thesearekids.·Thisisagame.·Thecoachesvolunteer.·Youdon’tplayfortheRedSox(anAmericanprofessionalbaseballteam).Ihadtolaugh,especiallyatthejokeabouttheRedSox.ButIthinkthesignisagoodremindertoeveryoneconnectedwithyouthsports－kids,parents,coachesandthefolkswhoruntheleagues－whatisimportantaboutthegames.First,kidswhoplayarejustkids.Theyarenotminiprofessionalathletes.Soyouthsportsleaguesandcoachesshouldtakeiteasyonthem.Kidsdon’tneedlongschedulesandlotsoffarawaygamesorhigh-pressuretournaments.Adultsshouldtrytosetupyouthleaguessomorekidsplaywithandagainstkidsfromnearbyschoolsandneighborhoods.Theyshouldmakeiteasierforkidstoplayasportforjustafewmonthssothattheycantryothersports.Kidsshouldn’tplayonesportyear-round.Andeveryoneshouldstopworryingaboutwhichteamwinsorloses.Afriendofminewhocoachedalotofyouthteamsoncetoldme,“Whenyoucoachkids,it’snothowmanyyouwinorlose,buthowmanysignupfornextseason.”AccordingtotheAspenInstitute’slatest“StateofPlay”report,fewerkidsaresigningup.Researchindicatesasmallerpercentageofkidsages6to12(37percent)areplayingteamsportsonaregularbasisthanin2011(42percent).Theaimofyouthsportsshouldbetohavefun,learnsomeskillsandenjoybeingpartofateam.Whenwelosesightofthosesimplegoals,thegamessuffer,andthekidsstayaway.Maybein2024everyfieldorgymwherekidsplayshouldhaveasignliketheoneinCanton.Allyouwouldhavetodoischangethenameoftheteam.5．Howmighttheauthorfeelseeingthesignonthefence?A．Relieved. B．Worried. C．Confident. D．Disappointed.6．What’stheauthor’sadviceforadults?A．Goeasyonkids. B．Chooseyouthleaguescarefully.C．Encouragekidstosticktoonesport. D．Makeayear-roundscheduleforkids.7．WhatcanbeinferredfromtheAspenInstitute’sreport?A．Kidstodayarelessathletic.B．Feweryouthleaguesarebeingsetup.C．Youthgroupsportsarelosingpopularity.D．Kidsarefocusingmoreonsucceedingthantrying.8．Whatistheauthortryingtodointhelastparagraph?A．Givepraise. B．Expressawish.C．Offersympathy. D．Showdetermination.【答案】5．A6．A7．C8．B【分析】這是一篇爭論文。作者在一所校內(nèi)的圍墻上看到一家青年運動聯(lián)盟的牌子，探討青少年團隊體育項目的目的在于參與和快樂而不是輸贏，不應(yīng)當(dāng)過度強調(diào)競技結(jié)果。5．推理推斷題。依據(jù)牌子內(nèi)容的下一段中“ButIthinkthesignisagoodremindertoeveryoneconnectedwithyouthsports－kids,parents,coachesandthefolkswhoruntheleagues－whatisimportantaboutthegames.”（但是我認為這個標(biāo)記牌是一個很好的提示，提示和青年運動相關(guān)的全部人-孩子，家長，教練以及經(jīng)營這些團體的人們，關(guān)于運動，最重要的是什么。）由此可知，作者很贊同牌子的內(nèi)容和意義，再結(jié)合選項，作者應(yīng)當(dāng)是感到欣慰。故選A。6．細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)第四段中“Theyshouldmakeiteasierforkidstoplayasportforjustafewmonthssothattheycantryothersports.”（成年人應(yīng)當(dāng)讓孩子們一種運動僅玩幾個月這件事更簡單點，這樣他們可以嘗試其他的運動。）由此可知，成年人對孩子應(yīng)當(dāng)寬容些，允許他們參與不同的運動，為他們運動供應(yīng)便利，故選A。

7．推理推斷題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中“AccordingtotheAspenInstitute’slatest“StateofPlay”report,fewerkidsaresigningup.Researchindicatesasmallerpercentageofkidsages6to12(37percent)areplayingteamsportsonaregularbasisthanin2011(42percent).”（依據(jù)Aspen機構(gòu)最新“運動狀態(tài)”探討報告，越來越少的孩子報名參與青年運動團體。）探討表明，只有很小的比例-37%年齡在6到12歲之間的孩子定期參與團體遠動，而這個比例在2011年是42%。由此可知，參與團體體育項目的孩子數(shù)量在削減。故選C。8．推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段“Maybein2024everyfieldorgymwherekidsplayshouldhaveasignliketheoneinCanton.”（或許在2024年，每一個孩子運動的運動場地都應(yīng)當(dāng)有一個像Canton這個機構(gòu)一樣的標(biāo)牌。）由此可知，這是作者表達的一種個人愿望，希望運動場所都能學(xué)習(xí)Canton這個機構(gòu)。故選B。

Passage3（2024·山東高三月考）Whentalkingabouttheeconomicsofonlinepublishing,thefirstthingtorememberisthatjobNo.1isn’ttogetthenewstoyou.Rather,itistomonetizeyou,bysellingyouoff,inrealtime,tothehighestbidder.Thishappenseverytimeyouclickonalink,beforethepagehasevenstartedtoloadonyourphone.Onceuponatime,ifyouandIbothvisitedthesamewebpageatthesametimeusingthesamewebbrowser,wewouldendupseeingthesamething.Today,however,analmostunthinkablyenormousecosystemofscriptsandcookiesandoftenastonishinglypersonalinformationisusedtoshowyouasetofbrandmessagesandsaleslinkswhicharetailoredalmostuniquelytoyou.Thatecosystemraisesimportantquestionsaboutprivacy—thewaythattheminuteyoulookatapairofshoesonline,forinstance,theythenstartfollowingyouaroundeveryotherwebsiteyouvisitforweeks.Butwhetherornotyouvalueyourprivacy,youaredamaged,daily,bythesheerweightofallthattechnology.Onlineadshavenevergotlessannoyingovertime,andyoucanbesurethatmobileadsaregoingtogetmoreannoyingaswell,onceSiliconValleyhasworkedouthowtobetteridentifywhoyouare.Themovetogreaterprivacyprotectionsmighthelpslowthepacewithwhichsuchtechnologiesareadopted.Butthere’snorealistichopethatwebsiteswillactuallyimprovefromhere.Ifyouwanttoavoidthedreadfulexperienceofthemobileweb,you’llonlyhaveonechoice—whichistostartreadingyourarticlesnatively,intheFacebookorAppleNewsapp.Butitwon’tbeFacebookandApplewhokilledthenewsbrands.It’llbeadtech.9．Whatwillhappeniftwopeopleclickonthesamelinktoday?A．Theywillimmediatelygetthenewsthattheywant.B．Theywillseethesamethingwhenevertheybrowse.C．Theywillseedifferentbrandmessagesandsaleslinks.D．Theywillberecommendedtothesamebidder.10．Whycantheonlineadssendyouthelinksuniquetoyou?A．Becausetheecosystemknowswhoyouare.B．Becausetheyknowhowtoidentifywhoyouare.C．Becauseyoudon’tcareaboutyourprivacy.D．Becauseyoualwaysusethesamewebbrowser.11．Howcouldweprotectourprivacyagainstmobileads?A．Byslowingthepacewithsuchtechnologies.B．Byimprovingthewebsitefunctions.C．Bystoppingusingthemobilephones.D．Byreadingarticlesinspecificapps.12．What’stheauthor’sattitudetotheadtech?A．Negative. B．Positive. C．Unconcerned. D．Optimistic.【答案】9．C10．B11．D12．A【分析】本文是爭論文，文章批判智能設(shè)備中植入的廣告科技給讀者帶來一系列的隱患，侵擾了人們的隱私。9．推理推斷題。題干強調(diào)的是“today”。依據(jù)第一段最終一句“Today,however,analmostunthinkablyenormousecosystemofscriptsandcookiesandoftenastonishinglypersonalinformationisusedtoshowyouasetofbrandmessagesandsaleslinkswhicharetailoredalmostuniquelytoyou”（然而，今日，一個幾乎無法想象的巨大的腳本和cookie的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，以及常常令人驚訝的個人信息被用來向你顯示一組品牌信息和銷售鏈接，這些幾乎是為你量身定制的。）可推知，現(xiàn)在假如兩個人點擊同一鏈接，他們會看到不同的廣告和銷售鏈接，這些廣告和信息是依據(jù)他們的個人信息推送的，故選C項。10．推理推斷題，依據(jù)第三段“Onlineadshavenevergotlessannoyingovertime,andyoucanbesurethatmobileadsaregoingtogetmoreannoyingaswell,onceSiliconValleyhasworkedouthowtobetteridentifywhoyouare.”（在線廣告從來沒有隨著時間的推移變得不那么煩人，而你可以確定的是，一旦硅谷找到了更好地識別你是誰的方法，移動廣告也會變得更煩人。）可知，硅谷（技術(shù)）可以更好地確定你的個人信息，因此在線廣告能給你發(fā)送獨特的鏈接。故選B項。11．推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段“Ifyouwanttoavoidthedreadfulexperienceofthemobileweb,you’llonlyhaveonechoice—whichistostartreadingyourarticlesnatively,intheFacebookorAppleNewsapp”（假如你想避開可怕的移動網(wǎng)絡(luò)體驗，你只有一個選擇，那就是起先在Facebook或蘋果新聞應(yīng)用程序上原生閱讀你的文章。）可知要想避開鏈接廣告的煩擾只能在某些固定的應(yīng)用程序上閱讀文章，故選D項。12．推理推斷題。依據(jù)整篇文章描述，可判知作者對鏈接廣告很是煩擾，尤其最終一段最終一句“Butitwon’tbeFacebookandApplewhokilledthenewsbrands.It’llbeadtech.”（但殺死新聞品牌的不會是Facebook和蘋果。它將是廣告技術(shù)。）可知真正起到破壞作用的是“adtech”，由此推知，作者對此持反對看法，故選A項。Passage4（2024·渝中區(qū)·重慶巴蜀中學(xué)高三月考）Iftherewereanapponyourphonethatcouldimproveyourmemory,wouldyoutryit?Whowouldn'twantabettermemory?Afterall,ourmemoriesarefragileandcanbeimpaired(損害)bydiseases,injuries,mentalhealthconditionsandaging.Amultibillion-dollarindustryforbraintrainingalreadycapitalizesonthisperceivedneedbyprovidinganabundanceofappsforphonesandtabletsthatprovidementalchallengesthatareeasilyaccessibleandrelativelyinexpensive.However,braintraininghasbecomeacontroversialattempt.Someresearchershaveexpresseddeepreservationsaboutbothitsreliabilityanditsvalidity.Therewasevenastatementissuedcallingbraintrainingintoquestion,which,inturn,resultedinacounterresponsefromresearcherswhodefendedit.Themaincontroversiescenteraroundtheextenttowhichthepracticeoftheseskillsresultsinactualbenefitsthatareconsequentialforyourdailylife.Doesrecallinganincreasingnumberofdigits(數(shù)字)helpyouremembertotakeyourmedication,dobetteronaschoolexam,rememberthenameofthepersonwhomyoumetyesterdayorevenmakebetterlifechoices?Somescientistsquestionwhetherthisisevenpossible.Othersarguethatweshouldconsiderthebrainlikeourmuscles,whichcanbeexercisedandstrengthened.Inthisanalogy(類比),dailychallenges,evendemandingonessuchasreadingadetailednewspaperarticleorsolvinganalgebraproblem,mightnotbesufficientlychallengingtofurnishanadequatework-outforthebrain.Justasathletesengageinstrengthandconditioningbyrepeatedlyexercisingcertainmusclegroupsandbodysystems,targetedrepetitionofmemoryexercisesmaybethekeytostrengtheningaridconditioningourmemoryprocesses.Memorytrainingappsrequiretrackingalargenumberofobjectswhileoneisdistractedwithasecondarytask(suchasmakingmentalcalculations).Thatdegreeofdifficultyandrepetition,however,mayberareindailylife,whichisthegapthatmemoryappsaimtofill.13．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“capitalizeson”inparagraph2probablymean?A．Providesmoneyfor. B．Takesadvantageof.C．Takesnoticeof. D．Makesupfor.14．Whatisresearchers’attitudetowardsbraintraining?A．Theythinkitshouldbetotallybanned.B．Theyareoptimisticaboutitseffectiveness.C．Theyaredividedonitspracticalbenefitsinreallife.D．Theyagreethatitwillposechallengestoourdailylife.15．Whatdoestheauthorsuggestinthelasttwoparagraphs?A．Challengesindailylifeprovideenoughexerciseforthebrain.B．Memorytrainingappsmayhelpstrengthenourbrain.C．Regularphysicalexercisecanboostourmentalcapacity.D．Braintrainingmaynotachieveitsdesiredeffects.16．Whatistheauthor’spurposeofwritingthispassage?A．Toprovetheimportanceofbraintraining.B．Toanalyzethebenefitsandrisksofbraintraining.C．Todiscussthereliabilityofmemorytraining.D．Topromoteappsthataretargetedatmemorytraining.【答案】13．B14．C15．B16．C【分析】本文是爭論文。作者探討了大腦訓(xùn)練的可信度。13．詞句揣測題。從其次段的內(nèi)容“Amultibillion-dollarindustryforbraintrainingalreadycapitalizesonthisperceivedneedbyprovidinganabundanceofappsforphonesandtabletsthatprovidementalchallengesthatareeasilyaccessibleandrelativelyinexpensive.”可知，一個價值數(shù)十億美元的大腦訓(xùn)練產(chǎn)業(yè)已經(jīng)capitalizeson這種感知需求，為手機和平板電腦供應(yīng)了大量的應(yīng)用程序，這些應(yīng)用程序供應(yīng)了簡單獲得且相對便宜的心理挑戰(zhàn)。依據(jù)語境可知，一個數(shù)十億美元的大腦訓(xùn)練產(chǎn)業(yè)利用了這種感知需求。由此推知，劃線詞組意為“利用”故選B項。14．細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第四段的內(nèi)容“Themaincontroversiescenteraroundtheextenttowhichthepracticeoftheseskillsresultsinactualbenefitsthatareconsequentialforyourdailylife.”可知，主要的爭議集中在練習(xí)這些技巧能給你的日常生活帶來多大的實際好處。由此可知，對于它在現(xiàn)實生活中的實際好處，探討者們存在分歧。故選C項。15．推理推斷題。文章倒數(shù)其次段說現(xiàn)實生活中的挑戰(zhàn)，不足以為我們的大腦供應(yīng)足夠的訓(xùn)練，結(jié)合最終一段“Memorytrainingappsrequiretrackingalargenumberofobjectswhileoneisdistractedwithasecondarytask(suchasmakingmentalcalculations).Thatdegreeofdifficultyandrepetition,however,mayberareindailylife,whichisthegapthatmemoryappsaimtofill.”可知，記憶訓(xùn)練應(yīng)用程序須要追蹤大量的物體，而一個人被次要任務(wù)分散留意力(比如進行心算)。然而，這種難度和重復(fù)程度在日常生活中可能很少見，而這正是內(nèi)存應(yīng)用程序想要填補的缺口。由此推知，記憶訓(xùn)練應(yīng)用程序可能有助于增加我們的大腦。故選B項。16．推理推斷題。依據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可得知，作者探討了科學(xué)界對大腦訓(xùn)練這一做法的有效性的不同看法及其緣由。由此可知，作者寫這篇文章的目的是為了探討記憶訓(xùn)練的牢靠性。故選C項。Passage5（2024·南昌縣蓮塘第一中學(xué)高三月考）Thestorybeganwithayoungmotherwhohadthreesons.Unfortunately,theyoungestsondevelopedslowthinkingskills,nothavingtheintelligenceofhisbrothers.Withdoubledutyasthemotherofthehousehold,shewasexhausted,sothattheyoungestwasoftenthegargetofangerandannoyance.Badwords,suchas“youlittlefool”andthelike,servedasadailymealfortheyoungest.Thewordsandcurseshegotfromthemotherandridiculefromfriendsconvincedhimthathewasdistressingandembarrassinghisfamily.Everymorninghewokeupwithhisownfacestaringfromthemirrorreflection,hestartedtosayquietlyandsadly,“Thefoolisgoingtoschool.”Asadultcitizens,therewascompulsorymilitaryservicewhichshouldbelived.Thus,theyoungestsonalsosignedupandstartedtofollowthevarioustests:amedical,physicalabilitytestandothertests.Onthedayoftheannouncement,hewascalledintotheboardofexaminers.Inhismind,heconvincedhimselfthathewasthefoolandcouldn’tpasstheteststhistimeasheenteredtheroomwithhisheaddown.Itwasnotexpectedatall.Theteststurnedouttohavethehighestpraisefromtheboardofexaminers.“Congratulations,youngman!Yourtestresultsareincredible!Youarereallyagreatandtalentedyoungman.”Wordsfromtheboardofexaminersbecamethediscoveryofanewsideofhimselfthatwasnotknowninadvance.Voicekeptechoinginhismind,suchas“I,thegreatman,amintheshower”,“thegreatmanwasheshisface”,“Thetalentedyoungmanagainbrusheshisteeth”andsoon.Confidenceandimprovedself-imagecamebeyondusual.20yearslater,theyoungestestablishedhimselfasasuccessfulbusinessmanwhowasadmiredandrespected,andreceivedmanyawards.Themindsetandbeliefarethepowerbehindthesuccessthatiswithinus.Whateverwethinkandbelieveinormindcontinuously,itwilleventuallymaterializeinreality.That’stheuniversallyapplicablelaw.17．Whywastheyoungestoftenscoldedbyhismother?A．Hewasnotascleverashisbrother.B．Heconsideredhimselftobeafool.C．Hedidn’tbehavehimselfatschool.D．Hedidn’tcookmealsforhismother.18．Fromthestoryweknowthattheyoungmotheris____.A．selfishandlazy B．gentleandcaringC．ill-temperedandimpatient D．kind-heartedanddiligent19．Whathappenedtotheyoungestsonlateron?A．Hereceivedaidfromothers.B．Hebecameanadmirablepsychologist.C．Hebecameconfidentandsuccessful.D．Hedevelopedstrangementaldiseases.20．Fromthispassage,theauthormainlytellsusthat____.A．Militaryservicecanchangeapersoncompletely.B．Mothersshouldtreateverychildequally.C．Evenafoolcanbecomeasuccessfulbusinessman.D．Thinkbigandyouwillgetbigresults.【答案】17．A18．C19．C20．D【分析】這是一篇夾議夾敘文。作者通過簡要講解并描述一則三個孩子的家庭，小兒子在成長中的經(jīng)驗，向我們表達了來自別人的認可有助樹立信念，在主動的心理示意的幫助下，信任自己能夠成就一番大事，這是成功的重要前提之一。17．細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)“Unfortunately,theyoungestsondevelopedslowthinkingskills,nothavingtheintelligenceofhisbrothers.（不幸的是，最小的兒子發(fā)展緩慢的思維技能，沒有他的兄弟們的智力。）”可知，小兒子不如大兒子聰慧，因此常常成為被媽媽生氣的對象。故選A項。18．推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段“Withdoubledutyasthemotherofthehousehold,shewasexhausted,sothattheyoungestwasoftenthegargetofangerandannoyance.（由于家務(wù)繁重，這位母親身心俱疲，于是總是對不如其它兄弟聰慧的最小的兒子發(fā)脾氣）”可知，這位母親缺乏耐性，脾氣也不夠好。故選C項。19．推理推斷題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“Confidenceandimprovedself-imagecamebeyondusual.（自信并且提高了的自我形象超出了平常的狀態(tài)。）”可知，小兒子受到四周環(huán)境的影響，變得自信起來；以及依據(jù)倒數(shù)其次段“20yearslater,theyoungestestablishedhimselfasasuccessfulbusinessmanwhowasadmiredandrespected,andreceivedmanyawards.（20年后，這位最年輕的兒子成為了一名成功的商人，受到人們的敬佩和敬重，并獲得了很多獎項。）”可知，最小的兒子變得很成功。故選C項。20．目的意圖題。閱讀全文以及最終一段“Themindsetandbeliefarethepowerbehindthesuccessthatiswithinus.Whateverwethinkandbelieveinormindcontinuously,itwilleventuallymaterializeinreality.That'stheuniversallyapplicablelaw.（心態(tài)和信念是我們成功背后的力氣。無論我們始終在想什么、信任什么、想什么，最終都會在現(xiàn)實中實現(xiàn)。這是普遍適用的法律。）”可知，通過文章作者告知我們，只要信任自己是了不得的人最終才能取得成功。故選D項。Passage6（（2024·四川成都市·北大附中成都為明學(xué)校高三月考）ItwasonApril14th,2010thatmyentirelifechangedinaninstant.OnemomentIwasjoyfullyridingthroughthesunshine.Thenextmoment,metal,fleshandboneswerespreadingagainstthepavementinathunderouscrash.Anothercyclist,bikingcarelessly,hadcutmeoffandsentmesupermanningtowardoncomingtraffic.Asiftosymbolizetheaccidentthathadhitmylife,anotherdisasteralsooccurredonApril14th,2010.Itcosttheairlineindustry$1.7billion.Tenmilliontravelerswerestuckfordays.Economicsallovertheworldweredisturbed.ThiswastheeruptionofEyjafjallajokull,oneofIceland’smanyvolcanoes.However,volcanoesarenotallbad.Infact,theyarenecessary.Theyareresponsibleforthebirthofnewearth,andforthecreationofrichsoil.Thiseruptiongaveoff0.15milliontonsofcarbondioxideintotheatmospheredaily.Butcancelling48%oftheworld’sflighttravelsavedabout2.8milliontonsofCO2fromenteringtheatmosphere,temporarilydecreasingourcarbonfootprint.Similarly,theaccidenthadbadlyaffectedmyemotionbutitalsoallowedmetolookmorecloselyinsidemyselfanddiscoverthingsaboutmyselfIwouldneverhaverealized.Ilearnedhownottojudgemyselfformynewlimitations.In1973,anotherIcelandicvolcano,Eldfell,brokeout.Icelandersdecidedtobombitwithcoldwateruntilitfrozeandchoseadifferentpath.Aftertheirplanworked,theyusedthegeothermal(地?zé)岬?energyforthenext15yearstoheattheirhomes.Agoodexampleoflifebringinglemons,andmakinglemonade!Onemustmoveonfrommisfortunes,focusingonlyonthepresentmomentandbeinghopefulforthefuture.IranfromApril14th,2010toeverykindofescape.EventuallyIendedupinuniversityforanewfoundloveinEarthsciences.25．WhathappenedtothewriteronApril14th,2010?A．Hewasinvolvedinacarcrash.B．Hewitnessedavolcaniceruption.C．Hewasbadlyinjuredonabikeride.D．HewasstuckinanIceland’sairport.26．WhichwasaneffectoftheeruptionofEyjafjallajokull?A．Theworldeconomysufferedbadly.B．Carbondioxideincreasedtemporarily.C．Alloftheworld’splaneswereheldup.D．TheearthinIcelandwasterriblypolluted.27．WhydidthewritermentiontheEldfellvolcano?A．Itencouragedhimtorecoverquickly.B．ItbrokeoutinIcelandonApril14thaswell.C．ItprovedmorevolcanoeshappenedinIceland.D．Itshowedushowtomakethebestofagivensituation.28．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．EscapefromVolcanoes B．LoveforEarthSciencesC．AttitudeTowardNature D．InspirationfromDisasters【答案】25．C26．A27．D28．D【分析】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者把自己遭受突發(fā)事務(wù)和火山爆發(fā)這種自然災(zāi)難進行類比，說明遭受到不幸也并非都是壞事，面對現(xiàn)實狀況要樂觀主動，壞事也可以變成好事。25．細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第一段中的“Thenextmoment,metal,fleshandboneswerespreadingagainstthepavementinathunderouscrash.”（緊接著，金屬、肉和骨頭在雷鳴般的碰撞聲中散落在人行道上。）和“Anothercyclist,bikingcarelessly,hadcutmeoffandsentmesupermanningtowardoncomingtraffic.”（另一個騎自行車的人漫不經(jīng)心地騎著自行車，把我擋在了前面，把我逼向迎面而來的車流）可知，一個馬虎的騎車人撞到了作者，他遭受了事故，受傷嚴峻。故選C。26．細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章其次段中的“Economicsallovertheworldweredisturbed.”（全世界的經(jīng)濟都受到了干擾。）可知，艾雅法拉火山爆發(fā)后，全世界的經(jīng)濟都受到了干擾，即火山的爆發(fā)使全球經(jīng)濟受損。故選A。27．推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章第五段中的“Aftertheirplanworked,theyusedthegeothermal(地?zé)岬?energyforthenext15yearstoheattheirhomes.”（在他們的安排成功后，他們在接下來的15年里運用地?zé)崮転樗麄兊募彝ス┡?。），并結(jié)合“Onemustmoveonfrommisfortunes，focusingonlyonthepresentmomentandbeinghopefulforthefuture.”（一個人必需從不幸中走出來，只關(guān)注當(dāng)下，對將來充溢希望。）可推知，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)充分利用特定的環(huán)境，將壞事變?yōu)楹檬?。故選D。28．主旨大意題。本文作者通過講解并描述自己遭受和火山爆發(fā)帶來的好處及壞處，啟示人們要主動應(yīng)對現(xiàn)實狀況。D項：InspirationfromDisasters（靈感來自災(zāi)難）符合題意。故選D。Passage7（2024·南昌縣蓮塘第一中學(xué)高三月考）It’softensaidofBritishpeoplethattheyareveryawareofeachother’ssocialrank.Britonscanusuallyworkoutafellowcountryman’sbackgroundfromthewaytheyspeakordress,andmayeventreatthemdifferentlybasedonthis.Butalthoughthismayhavebeentruerinthepastthanitistoday.VisitorstoBritainsaythattheystillnoticeit.ThecomicplayPygmalionbytheIrishmanGeorgeBernardShaw(1856-1950),isafamousexplorationoftheimportanceofsocialrankinBritishsociety.Themainstoryoftheplayconcernsaworkingclassgirl,ElizaDoolittle,aflowersellerfromLondon.TwoupperclassgentlementrytoseeiftheycangetDoolittletoappearlikeanupperclassladyaftersendingherforelocutionlessons.ProfessorHenryHiggins,alanguageexpert,saysitcanbedone;hisfriendColonelPickeringsaysthatit’simpossible.Evenso,HigginssetsouttoteachElizahowto“speakproperly”.OfcourseElizaisn’talumpofclay;shehasherownwill.Shecanseethatit’sinherbestinteresttogoalongwithHiggin’splanto“improveherself”.Shewantstobeabletosellflowersinashopratherthanonthestreet.Still,Eliza’swillfulnessmeansthatit’sabumpy（坎坷的）rideforeveryone.Atthebeginningoffourthact,thecharactersareathomeafteraball（舞會）,atwhichElizaprovedthataflowergirlcanpassherselfoffasaladyafterall.Shewasatriumphatthebal