Unit3 Discovering Useful Structures-Assessing Your Progress 詞匯精講課堂

詞匯課堂版本：新人教單元：必修二Unit3(DiscoveringUsefulStructures—AssessingYourProgress)本單元詞匯梳理1.function：funct-(perform活動(dòng))+-ion

名詞動(dòng)詞化派生詞：functional2.battery：詞源：動(dòng)詞bat（擊打）的名詞形式。battery最初表示“連續(xù)重?fù)簟?，后衍生出“轟炸”之意。后來(lái)又被用來(lái)表示包含一組火炮或炮臺(tái)，因?yàn)榘嚅T(mén)火炮的火炮組能夠不間斷地連續(xù)發(fā)射炮彈。電池問(wèn)世后，美國(guó)科學(xué)家本?富蘭克林便將電池叫作battery，因?yàn)殡姵啬芟窕鹋诮M一樣連續(xù)發(fā)射電荷。

詞塊：dead/flatbattery,thebatterydies/goesdead3.confirm：con-(加強(qiáng))+firm(tostrengthen加強(qiáng)、鞏固)→加強(qiáng)某事的真實(shí)性→證實(shí)、證明”

派生詞：confirmation4.press：基本義：擠壓；詞族：press,pressure,impress,express,depress5.button：詞塊：pressthebutton

名詞動(dòng)詞化：button/unbuttonyourbuttons6.file：詞塊：copy/save/closeafile；名詞動(dòng)詞化7.inshape：詞塊：stay/keepinshape,ingood/badshape,outofshape8.keeptrackof：拓展losetrackof9.discount：dis-(不、非)+

-count(計(jì)算)→沒(méi)有計(jì)算在內(nèi)的→折扣

詞塊：get/give/offeradiscount,atadiscount10.account：ac-(to)+-count(計(jì)算)；一詞多義：基本義“記錄”詞塊：setup/openabankaccount,accountfor,takesthintoaccount11.click：擬聲詞(點(diǎn)擊的聲音)；基本義“點(diǎn)擊”

詞塊：clickon,aclickof12.privacy：private(adj)+-cy

詞族：private,privately.privacy13.theft：來(lái)自thief14.rude：近義詞impolite；反義詞polite句式：it’srude(ofsb)todosth,berudetosb15.target：隱喻：具體的“靶子（目標(biāo)）”→抽象的“目標(biāo)（靶子）”詞塊：setatarget,achieve/realiseone’starget(近義詞goal)名詞動(dòng)詞化：betargetedat16.false：反義詞true17.particular：詞塊：inparticular;beparticularabout/over18.embarrassing：詞族：embarrass,embarrassed,embarrassing(分詞形容詞),embarrassment19.makefunof：近義詞laughat20.upset：v

一詞多義，基本義“打翻”adj英語(yǔ)釋義：worriedandunhappy

詞塊：beupsetabout

/at/by/oversth,beupsettodosth21.guideline：guide+line22.author：同義詞：writer

名詞動(dòng)詞化23.tip：音譯詞“貼士”“提示”；熟詞生義：小費(fèi)24.familiar：詞塊：befamiliarwithsth/tosb

反義詞：unfamiliar25.keep(...)inmind：=bear(...)inmind26.define：de-(completely完全，表示強(qiáng)調(diào))

+-fin-(tolimit界限)→確定界限→給……下定義(確定詞的定義)27.case：詞源義“落下(tofall)”，落下意味著降臨，降臨意味著意外發(fā)生的情況或案例。一詞多義：基本義“事例；實(shí)例”詞塊：inanycase,incase,incaseof,apencilcase等重難點(diǎn)詞精講confirmparticular一詞多義熟詞生義shapepressupsetcase

一詞多義搭配義詞根一詞多義搭配義一詞多義英語(yǔ)釋義名詞動(dòng)詞化account搭配義confirm當(dāng)我們想注冊(cè)一個(gè)新賬戶(hù)或者重置密碼時(shí)通常會(huì)看見(jiàn)confirmpassword，意思是“確認(rèn)密碼”。生活中的confirmconfirmvt

證實(shí)；證明：Theexperimentconfirmedhistheory.

confirm+(that)/wh-從句：Researchhasconfirmedthattheriskishigherforwomen.

確認(rèn)(安排、日期或情況)：confirmabooking/reservation

confirm詞源解讀：confirm由con-(強(qiáng)調(diào))+firm(tostrengthen)→加強(qiáng)某事的真實(shí)性→“證實(shí)”“證明”

Sixpeoplehaveconfirmedthattheywillbeattendingtheconference.?confirmationn[C]&[U]證實(shí)；確認(rèn)(書(shū))presspress為同形異義詞，作動(dòng)詞時(shí)，其詞源義為“擠壓（exertforce,push）”。當(dāng)它作名詞時(shí)，其詞源義為“人群（crowd）”，但隨著語(yǔ)言的發(fā)展，已經(jīng)不太常用。14世紀(jì)初期，press意為“熨燙布的機(jī)器”“榨汁機(jī)”，后來(lái)又出現(xiàn)“印刷機(jī)”的意思，這幾層釋義都是“壓……的機(jī)器”。16世紀(jì)70年代其意思引伸為“出版社”。到了18世紀(jì)，“報(bào)刊新聞業(yè)”這層釋義開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)。pressvt&vi

壓

(push)；按；推；擠：pressabutton/switchShepressedherfaceagainstthewindow.Shepresseddownhardonthegaspedalandthecarleaptforwards.

催促；逼迫(push/urge)：Pressedbymyfriendsandrelations,Idecidedtoseizetheopportunity.presson(不顧困難)繼續(xù)進(jìn)行：Hepressedonandfinallygotpassedthefinishingline.

[常與a連用]按；壓；推；擠：Giveitapress.

出版社；印刷廠(chǎng)：theOxfordUniversityPress

[常用thepress]報(bào)刊新聞業(yè)；新聞界：thelocalpressthefreedomofthepresspressn[C]press的語(yǔ)義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖擠壓press(基本義)“擠壓”物體“擠壓”人壓；按；擠；推按；壓；推；擠vn催促；逼迫出版社；印刷廠(chǎng)報(bào)刊新聞業(yè)；新聞界press的同根詞詞根前綴/后綴單詞press（壓）-ure:……的行為pressuren

壓力im-:向內(nèi)、向里(in,into)impressv

給……留下極深的印象ex-:向外(out)expressv

表達(dá)；表示de-:向下(down)depressv

使抑郁shapeshape■

n[C]&[U]形狀；外形：Althoughallkiteshaveasimilarstructure,theyarewidelydifferentinsizeandshape.2012安徽Formyfifthbirthday,mymotherbakedmeacakeintheshapeofamonkey.2020天津【常用搭配】get(oneself)intoshape強(qiáng)身健體：I’vegottogetintoshapebeforesummer.

ingood/badshape身體健康/不健康；狀態(tài)好/不好：He’singoodshapeforamanofhisage.Theeconomyisinverybadshapeandislikelytogetworse.inshape健康狀況好：Shejogsforanhoureverymorningtokeep/stayinshape.

outofshape變形；身體不健康：Thefrontwheelofthebicyclewasoutofshape.

Ihadn’tbeentrainingformonthsandwasreallyoutofshape.

takeshape形成；使成形：Anideawasbeginningtotakeshapeinhismind.

■

vt

使成形：anL-shapedsofaItalyshapedlikeabootliesinthesouthofEurope.

影響/決定(事物的發(fā)展)：It’snotwhatwedoonceinawhilethatshapesourlives,butwhatwedoconsistently.

2011湖南shapeup

[非正式用語(yǔ)]改進(jìn)(行為/工作)：Ifhedoesn’tshapeup,he’llsoonbeoutofajob.名詞動(dòng)詞化accountaccount源自古法語(yǔ)，由“ac-（加強(qiáng)意義）+-count（計(jì)算）”構(gòu)成，account的詞源義是“計(jì)數(shù)”，其基本義是“記錄”?！坝?jì)數(shù)”本質(zhì)上就是“記錄”。

在文字發(fā)明以前，為了適應(yīng)表達(dá)和記憶的需要，人類(lèi)用“刻道計(jì)數(shù)”和“結(jié)繩記事”等方法來(lái)計(jì)數(shù)或記錄事件。account

n[C]

[常用復(fù)數(shù)]賬；賬目：anaccountbookHetakescareofthebusinessandhiswifekeepstheaccounts.

賬戶(hù)；賬號(hào)：open/closeanaccounthaveanaccountat/withabanktheWeChatofficial/publicaccountMyfatherhelpedmesetupabankaccount.

敘述；報(bào)道；描寫(xiě)：aneye-witnessaccountofamurderWhilethisbooktellsthestoriesoffamouspeopleinhistory,italsogivesanaccountofthelivesoflesser-knownindividuals.

2017

江蘇改account語(yǔ)義網(wǎng)絡(luò)記錄（基本義）資金往來(lái)的“記錄”進(jìn)行銀行交易、使用網(wǎng)絡(luò)等時(shí)個(gè)人信息的“記錄”賬；賬目賬戶(hù)；賬號(hào)事件的“記錄”敘述；報(bào)道；描寫(xiě)on

account

of因?yàn)?；由?because

of)：Shewasabsentfromschoolonaccountofillness.onnoaccount決不；絕對(duì)不：Theprofessorwarnedthestudentsthatonnoaccountshouldtheyusemobilephonesinhisclass.2019天津takeaccountof/take...intoaccount考慮到；把……考慮進(jìn)去:Thecompanytakesaccountofenvironmentalissueswhereverpossible.Onemusttaketheaudienceintoaccountwhenmakingspeeches.重要搭配注：onnoaccount置于句首，其所在的句子要用倒裝語(yǔ)序。account

forv

(數(shù)量、比例上)占：Itissaidthatbodylanguageaccountsfor55percentofafirstimpressionwhilewhatyousayjust7percent.2015福建

是……的原因；解釋/說(shuō)明(explain)：Theapplicationofnewtechnologiesandwideappealofmoviestarscouldaccountfortheincreaseoftheboxofficeincome.

2017

江蘇書(shū)面表達(dá)改詞匯拓展accountantn[C]會(huì)計(jì)(員)；會(huì)計(jì)師particularadj

［只用于名詞前］特定的usedtoemphasizethatyouaretalkingaboutoneperson,thing,time,etc.andnotaboutothers

(specific)：Hedidnotshowuponthatparticularday.Thegiantpandaeatsonlyoneparticulartypeofbamboo.

特別的；格外的：Ihavenothingparticulartodothisevening.Wemustpayparticularattentiontothispoint.

講究的；挑剔的：aparticularcustomerSheisveryparticularabout/overherappearance.固定搭配inparticular尤其；特別：Parentsandcoachesinparticularshouldactasbetterexamplesforchildren.2008上海Areyoudoinganythinginparticularthisweekend?【詞匯拓展】particularlyadv

特別；尤其(especially)：Thedictionaryisparticularlyusefulforbeginners.Themicrobloghasexplodedinpopularityinrecentyears,particularlyamongyoungpeople.2016年很火的一個(gè)段子：友誼的小船說(shuō)翻就翻。你知道船翻了如何表達(dá)嗎？Theboatwasupset.圖中小船被打翻也正好詮釋了upset的基本義——打翻。upset詞源upset(v.)“tosetup,fix,”from

up

(adv.)+

set

(v.)

upsetupset源于setup（建立）。setup和upset有什么關(guān)系呢？upset(upset,upset)vt

弄翻；打翻：upsetabowlofsoupThelifeboatwasupsetbythewaves.

打亂；攪亂(計(jì)劃、安排等)：Hearrivedanhourlateandupsetourplan.

使生氣；使心煩意亂tomakesbworryorfeelunhappy：Thisdecisionislikelytoupsetalotofpeople.

使(腸胃)不適:

upsetadj

(腸胃)不適的：anupsetstomach

[不用于名詞前]心煩意亂的；難過(guò)的

worriedandunhappy：Thenthefriendmovedawayandthewriterwasextremelyupset.【詞匯拓展】?upsettingadj

令人心煩意亂的分詞形容詞①(be)upsettodosth:Shewasveryupsettohearthattheholidayhadbeencancelled.②(be)upset+that從句：Anne’ssisterMargotwasveryupsetthatthefamilyhadtomove.③(be)upsetabout/at/by/oversth:Myparentswereinahugeargument,andIwasreallyupsetaboutit.④beupsetwithsb:You’renotstillupsetwithme,areyou?詞塊upset語(yǔ)義網(wǎng)絡(luò)打翻upset基本義打翻物體打翻計(jì)劃打翻心情使生氣；使心煩意亂打亂；攪亂(計(jì)劃、安排等)弄翻；打翻打翻胃使(腸胃)不適(腸胃)不適的心煩意亂的；難過(guò)的具體抽象人v

adj還記得早年間我們說(shuō)“小事一樁”時(shí)，常用流行語(yǔ)“小case”嗎？它是怎么來(lái)的？這個(gè)土洋結(jié)合的詞語(yǔ)，最先在港臺(tái)地區(qū)出現(xiàn)。由于港臺(tái)地區(qū)特殊的文化背景環(huán)境，產(chǎn)生了這個(gè)詞語(yǔ)。后來(lái)通過(guò)港臺(tái)影視作品傳入內(nèi)地?？墒钱?dāng)我們學(xué)習(xí)單詞case時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)這不是個(gè)“小case”。casecasen[C]

事例；實(shí)例：①例子；案例anexampleofaparticularsituationorofsthhappening：MyexperienceintheEnglishspeechcontestlastOctoberisacaseinpoint(=aclearexampleofsththatyouarediscussingorexplaining).②

病例anexampleofadiseaseorapersonwhohasadisease：Medicalstudentsstudythecasehistoriesofmanypatients.③案件acrimeoranillegalmatter：Around50policeofficersareonthecase.

④訴訟案；官司：Marshallhasdroppedthecaseagainstus.詞源：詞源義“落下”，落下意味著降臨，降臨意味著意外發(fā)生的情況或案例。基本義為“事例；實(shí)例”。

情況

aparticularsituationorasituationofaparticulartype：inanycase在任何情況下；不管怎樣：Idon’tseewhyIcouldn’tdoit.Inanycase,I’mgoingtotry.

incaseof[常用于官方通告]在……情形時(shí)；萬(wàn)一：Incaseofemergency,pleasecallthepolice.in…case(s)在……情況下：Theseideascanbetrueincertaincases,butverywronginothers.innocase在任何情況下都不；決不：Innocaseshouldyouleaveyourpost.inthiscase在這種情況下：Youmaythinkofgivingupstudy.Inthiscase,justthinkitoverbeforemakingthedecision.innocase用于句首時(shí)，句子常用部分倒裝語(yǔ)序inthatcase既然如此；那樣的話(huà)：—Hedidn’twanttotalktoSally.—Inthatcasewhydidheagreetomeether?insb’scase就某人的情況來(lái)說(shuō)：TheysayGodrewardsthosewhoworkhardandinmycaseitwastrue.inthecaseof就……來(lái)說(shuō)；至于：Theamountoffruitinfruitjuicesmustbe6%inthecaseoforanges.(just)incase[可引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句]假使；以防(萬(wàn)一)：Thedoctorshareshisphonenumberwiththepatientsincasetheyneedmedicalassistance.2019江蘇thecase事實(shí)；實(shí)情：Asisoftenthecase,peoplestareattheirphoneswhilewaitingforbuses.外研新選必④–4?證據(jù)；理由asetofreasonswhysthshouldhappenorbedone：Ourlawyerdidn’tthinkwehadacase.Thereisastrongcaseforgettingparentsmoreinvolvedintheschool’sactivities.?

箱子；盒子；套子：apencilcase/apackingcaseaprotectivecase2020全國(guó)同形異義詞指拼寫(xiě)相同，但意義毫不相同的詞。常見(jiàn)的同形異義詞有case,light,tear,lead,post等。學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)要注意同形異義詞與多義詞的區(qū)別：同形異義詞各源自不同的詞，而多義詞的詞源是同一個(gè)詞。多義詞的釋義之間有聯(lián)系，而同形異義詞的釋義之間無(wú)聯(lián)系。同形異義詞事例；實(shí)例（基本義）case的語(yǔ)義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖日常生活或商業(yè)領(lǐng)域中的“事例；實(shí)例”醫(yī)生寫(xiě)的關(guān)于病人病情的“事例；實(shí)例”與刑事等相關(guān)的警察處理的“事例；實(shí)例”法庭或法院處理的“事例；實(shí)例”例子；案例病例案件訴訟案；官司名詞動(dòng)詞化說(shuō)出下列句子中畫(huà)線(xiàn)詞的漢語(yǔ)釋義。1.Thisgirlwasafriendofmycousin’s.ShefriendedmeonWeChat.____________

2.Emailyourviewsto12346@.____________3.Kidsseemtobetextingnon-stopthesedays.____________4.Ispentallafternoonfaxingmyapplicationform.___________加……為好友用電子郵件發(fā)送發(fā)短信用傳真?zhèn)鬏敚ㄎ募┊?huà)線(xiàn)詞在例句中都作動(dòng)詞，其動(dòng)詞釋義是由名詞轉(zhuǎn)化而來(lái)，這種詞性轉(zhuǎn)換現(xiàn)象叫作名詞動(dòng)詞化。英語(yǔ)中有很多名詞可轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞。隨著科技的發(fā)展許多新事物出現(xiàn)了。英語(yǔ)由于其自身的簡(jiǎn)潔性和經(jīng)濟(jì)性的特點(diǎn)，很少創(chuàng)造新詞，而是賦予原有詞匯新的意義。friend,email,text,fax就是網(wǎng)絡(luò)科技類(lèi)的名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞的用法。讀下面的句子，體會(huì)畫(huà)線(xiàn)詞的含義：1.Ican’tbelievepeoplehavesomuchfreetimetoblogat. ___________2.Asecretarycanfilepapersasefficiently（有效地）asadiskcanstorethem.___________3.Ican’taccessthedatabaseonyourcompanybecauseI’veforgottenthepassword.___________4.Ifyoustreammusic,films,ortelevisionprogrammes,youplaythemdirectlyfromtheInternet.___________名詞動(dòng)詞化寫(xiě)博客把……歸檔訪(fǎng)問(wèn)流播本單元金句匯總1.Pressedbymyfriendsandrelations,Idecidedtoseizetheopportunity.2.Shejogsforanhoureverymorningtokeep/stayinshape.

3.It’snotwhatwedoonceinawhilethatshapesourlives,butwhatwedoconsistently.4.Whilethisbooktellsthestoriesoffamouspeopleinhistory,italsogivesanaccountofthelivesoflesser-knownindividuals.5.Shewasabsentfromschoolonaccountofillness.6.Ihavenothingparticulartodothisevening.7.Sheisveryparticularabout/overherappearance.8.Areyoudoinganythinginparticularthisweekend?9.Myparentswereinahugeargument,andIwasreallyupsetaboutit.10.Greatmindsthinkalike.11.Hehasmadeuphismindtoovercomehisshortcomings.12.Incaseofemergency,pleasecallthepolice.隨堂檢測(cè)confirm寫(xiě)出下列句子中畫(huà)線(xiàn)部分的漢語(yǔ)釋義。1.ThefamilycalledtheItalianCultureMinistry;theofficialconfirmedthatthepaintingswereoriginals(原作)andworthasmuchas$50million.(2020全國(guó)) __________2.Alltelephonereservationsmustbeconfirmedinwriting. __________3.Thedailynumberofnewlycuredanddischarged(出院)patientsexceeded(超過(guò))thatofthenewlyconfirmedcases.(2020江蘇) __________證明/證實(shí)確診病例確認(rèn)一、用press完成下列句子。1.Becareful!Themachinestartsthemomentyou____________________(按按鈕).(2011湖北)2.Theyare__________________________________(催促我們迅速作決定).3.He_____________________(繼續(xù)前行)andfinallygotpassedthefinishingline.(2008廣東)4.Thestorywasreported___________________________(在報(bào)刊和電視上).二、給press加上適當(dāng)?shù)那熬Y，并用其正確形式填空。1.Artcouldhelphim__________himselfwithoutwords.(2016天津)2.Thethoughtoftakingtheexamagain__________him.3.What__________memostishisfamoussaying,“Geniusisonepercentinspirationandninety-ninepercentperspiration”.

(2008湖南)pressthebuttonpressingustomakeaquickdecisionpressedoninthepressandontelevisionpressexpressdepressedimpresses一、寫(xiě)出下列句子中畫(huà)線(xiàn)部分的漢語(yǔ)釋義。1.Aquickreviewofsuccessesandfailuresattheendofyearwillhelpshapeyouryearahead.(2017江蘇) ___________2.TheWilsonliveinanA-shapedhousenearthecoast.Itisa17thcenturycottage. ___________二、根據(jù)所給漢語(yǔ)，完成下列句子。1.Timis__________________(身體健康)physicallyeventhoughhedoesn’tgetmuchexercise.(2010湖南)2.Youhavebeensittingonmyhatandnowitisbadly_____________(變形).3.Tomalwaysgoesjogginginthemorningandheusuallydoespush-upstooto__________________(保持健康).(2014江蘇)4.Therewas_____________________________________________________(心形蛋糕)onthetable.shape影響……的發(fā)展A字形ingoodshapeoutofshapestay/keepinshapeacakeintheshapeofaheart/aheart-shapedcakeaccount一、選出與畫(huà)線(xiàn)短語(yǔ)的釋義最接近的單詞或短語(yǔ)。1.Hewastooshockedtogiveanaccountofwhathadhappened.__________2.Shewastoldtowearflatshoes,onaccountofherbackproblem.__________3.Weshouldtakeaccountof

practicaldifficultiesandmakeanewplan.__________4.Recentpressureatworkmayaccountforhisbehaviour.__________ consider,becauseof,explainexplainconsiderbecauseofexplain二、根據(jù)所給漢語(yǔ)，完成下列句子。1.Iwasanewteacher,andI______________________(如實(shí)報(bào)告)thestudents’work.(2014浙江)2.I___________________________(開(kāi)了一個(gè)銀行賬戶(hù))afterImade$1,000bydoingapart-timejobduringthesummervacation.(2011天津)3.Therearecertainfactors(因素)I_________________(考慮到)onmynewinvention.(2014湖南)4.HanChinese_______________(占)91.59%oftheChinesepopulation.opened/setup

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accountfor根據(jù)所給漢語(yǔ)及提示，翻譯下列句子。1.她已經(jīng)盡了最大的努力。請(qǐng)不要對(duì)她的工作太挑剔。(2011江西)Shehasalreadytriedherbest.Pleasedon’t_____________________herjob.2.這是一場(chǎng)很好的音樂(lè)會(huì)。我尤其喜歡最后那首歌。Itwasagoodconcert.Ienjoyedthelastsong_______________.3.你應(yīng)該格外注意拼寫(xiě)。(attention)Youshould____________________________spelling.particularinparticular/particularlybetooparticularaboutpayparticularattentiontoupset一、寫(xiě)出下列句子中upset的漢語(yǔ)釋義。1.Keepinmindthatforgivenessdoesnotnecessarilymeanbecomingfriendsagainwiththepersonwhoupsetyou.(2013遼寧)________