02+專題三+動詞+第2講+非謂語動詞+課件 高三英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)

第2講

非謂語動詞第二部分語法專項復(fù)習(xí)詞法篇專題三動詞1.

（2023·全國甲卷）For

thousands

of

years,

people

have

told

fables

（寓言）

_________

（teach）

a

lesson

or

to

pass

on

wisdom.to

teach[解析]

考查非謂語動詞。句意：幾千年來，人們通過講寓言來傳授知識或傳遞智慧。根據(jù)句意可知，此處作目的狀語，應(yīng)使用動詞不定式，故填to

teach。真題演練2.

（2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷）Shanghai

may

be

the___________（recognize）

home

of

the

soup

dumpling,

but

food

historians

will

actually

point

you

to

the

neighboring

ancient

canal

town

of

Nanxiang

as

xiao

long

bao's

birthplace.[解析]

考查非謂語動詞。句意：上?？赡苁枪J(rèn)的湯包之鄉(xiāng)，但美食歷史學(xué)家會告訴你，鄰近的運(yùn)河古鎮(zhèn)南翔才是小籠包的發(fā)源地。分析句子成分可知，空格處修飾名詞home作定語，recognize與home構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)使用過去分詞，故填recognized。recognized3.

（2022·全國甲卷）A

visually-challenged

man

from

Beijing

recently

hiked

（徒步）

40

days

to

Xi'an,

as

a

first

step___________（journey）

the

Belt

and

Road

route（路線）

by

foot.to

journey[解析]

考查非謂語動詞。此處journey為動詞，表示“旅行”，step前面有序數(shù)詞，應(yīng)用不定式作后置定語。4.

（2021·全國新高考Ⅰ卷）But

that's

how

nature

is—always

leaving

us___________（astonish）.astonished[解析]

考查非謂語動詞。句意：但是大自然就是這樣——總是讓我們感到吃驚。此處說明us的狀態(tài)，意為“感到吃驚的”，故填astonished。5.

（2021·全國甲卷）It

is

possible_________（walk）

or

bike

the

entire

14

kilometers.to

walk[解析]

考查非謂語動詞。此處為句型“It

is+adj.+動詞不定式”，表示“做某事是……的”。6.

（2021·全國甲卷）After_________（spend）

some

time

looking

at

all

the

defensive

equipment

at

the

wall,

we

decided

it

was

time

for

some

action

and

what

better

than

to

ride

on

a

piece

of

history!spending[解析]

考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，

After在此處是介詞，后面需接動名詞作賓語，故填spending。必備知識

非謂語動詞包括現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞、不定式和動名詞。語法填空題主要考查非謂語動詞作狀語、定語、賓語、補(bǔ)足語、主語和表語。其形式及意義如下：非謂語動詞主動形式被動形式意義不定式一般式to

doto

be

done不定式的動作與謂語動詞的動作同時發(fā)生或在其后發(fā)生進(jìn)行式to

be

doing—不定式的動作與謂語動詞的動作同時發(fā)生完成式to

have

doneto

have

been

done不定式的動作先于謂語動詞的動作發(fā)生非謂語動詞主動形式被動形式意義現(xiàn)在分詞/動名詞一般式doingbeing

done現(xiàn)在分詞的動作與謂語動詞的動作同時發(fā)生或幾乎同時發(fā)生；動名詞的動作與謂語動詞的動作同時發(fā)生或在謂語動詞的動作之前或之后發(fā)生續(xù)表非謂語動詞主動形式被動形式意義現(xiàn)在分詞/動名詞完成式having

donehaving

been

done現(xiàn)在分詞/動名詞的動作先于謂語動詞的動作發(fā)生過去分詞—done過去分詞與主語、賓語或被修飾的詞構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，表完成續(xù)表

非謂語動詞作狀語時,其邏輯主語通常與句子的主語保持一致。一、不定式作狀語1.作目的狀語，可用so

as

to/in

order

to替換，意為“為了；以便”，但

so

as

to一般不可置于句首。（外研必修二Unit

6）But

it's

worth

checking

common

ideas

and

opinions

to

see（=so

as

to

see/in

order

to

see）

what's

really

green.但我們?nèi)孕枳屑?xì)辨別我們已經(jīng)習(xí)以為常的理念和觀點中哪些才是真正“綠色環(huán)保”的。考點1非謂語動詞作狀語To

enjoy（=In

order

to

enjoy）

the

convenience

of

digital

payment,

many

seniors

started

to

use

smart

phones.為了享受數(shù)字支付的便利,很多老年人開始使用智能手機(jī)。2.作結(jié)果狀語，常用于下列結(jié)構(gòu)中：only

to

do（表示意想不到的結(jié)果）、enough

to

do...（足夠做……）、too...to

do...（太……而不能做……）、so/such...as

to...（如此……以至于……）等。（人教必修一Unit

4）

Chickens

and

even

pigs

were

too

nervous

to

eat,

and

dogs

refused

to

go

inside

buildings.雞甚至豬都焦慮不安，不愿進(jìn)食；狗拒絕進(jìn)入屋內(nèi)。Tom

took

a

taxi

to

the

airport,only

to

find

his

plane

high

up

in

the

sky.湯姆乘出租車去了機(jī)場，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)他要乘坐的飛機(jī)已飛入高空。3.作原因狀語，常用在“主語+系動詞+形容詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中。這類形容詞有easy、difficult、hard、comfortable、good、important、impossible、dangerous、surprised、astonished、delighted、disappointed等。（外研必修一Unit

1）When

my

English

teacher

stepped

into

the

classroom,

I

was

surprised

to

see

the

same

man

I

had

met

earlier.當(dāng)我的英語老師走進(jìn)教室時，我驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)，他就是我之前遇到的那位老人。易錯提示在“主語+be+形容詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，句子的主語是不定式的邏輯賓語，且此時不定式通常用主動形式表示被動意義。在該結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式中的動詞通常是及物動詞；若為不及物動詞，則要在其后加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。The

person

is

hard

to

deal

with.這個人很難打交道。二、分詞作狀語

分詞作狀語時,可以表時間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、伴隨狀況等。作狀語時，現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動作與句子主語之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的主動關(guān)系，而過去分詞所表示的動作與句子主語之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動關(guān)系。分詞有時還可與while、when、once、if、unless等詞連用，相當(dāng)于狀語從句，但此時狀語從句的主語一般與主句的主語保持一致。A

city

is

the

product

of

the

human

hand

and

mind,reflecting

man's

intelligence

and

creativity.一座城市是人類的手與大腦的產(chǎn)物,這反映出了人類的智慧與創(chuàng)造性。The

couple

can

take

good

care

of

the

baby

while

occupied（=while

the

couple

are

occupied）

with

their

work.這對夫婦忙于工作時可以很好地照顧嬰兒。易錯提示部分過去分詞作狀語時不表示被動，也不表示完成，而表示一種狀態(tài)。常見的詞和短語有：located

（坐落于）、lost（迷路的）、seated（坐著的）、hidden（躲著的）、lost/absorbed/buried

in（沉溺于）、dressed

in（穿著）、tired

of（對……厭煩）、faced

with（面對）。Faced

with

the

great

challenge,

I

didn't

lose

heart.面對巨大的挑戰(zhàn)，我沒有灰心。1.

（2022·全國新高考Ⅰ卷）__________

（cover）

an

area

about

three

times

the

size

of

Yellowstone

National

Park,

the

GPNP

will

be

one

of

the

first

national

parks

in

the

country.Covering2.

（2022·全國甲卷）He

flew

4,700

kilometers

from

Xi'an

to

Kashgar

on

Sept.20,_________

（plan）

to

hike

back

to

Xi'an

in

five

months.planning3.

（2022·全國乙卷）______________

（strengthen）

the

connection

with

young

people,

the

event

included

a

number

of

public

promotional

activities

on

social

media,

________

（invite）twenty-nine

tea

professionals

from

around

the

world

to

have

thirty-six

hours

of

uninterrupted

live

broadcasts.To

strengtheninviting針對訓(xùn)練4.

______（see）

from

the

train

window,

the

mountains

and

forests

of

Canada

looked

massive.5.

If

you

keep

your

eyes

open,

you

will

be

surprised________（find）

that

you

can

see

both

its

past

and

its

present.Seento

find6.

_____________（see）

quite

a

few

productions

of

Hamlet

and

read

the

play

many

times,

I

was

full

of

confidence—until

Peking

Opera

came

to

town!Having

seen7.

I

asked

Mum

to

put

up

the

tent

excitedly,

only

___________（tell）

the

tent

had

been

left

behind.to

be

told一、不定式作定語1.不定式作定語通常放在被修飾詞之后，一般表示的動作在“某個時間”前尚未實現(xiàn)。若不定式中的動詞是不及物動詞，其后應(yīng)有必要的介詞。I

was

watching

the

clock

all

through

the

meeting,

as

I

had

a

train

to

catch.整個會議期間我一直在看鐘表，因為我要趕火車?？键c2非謂語動詞作定語2.序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級、the

last、the

only

等詞后或被這些詞修飾的名詞后,常用不定式作定語。注意:該名詞通常是作定語的非謂語動詞的執(zhí)行者。（人教必修三Unit

4）...on

12

April

1961,

Yuri

Gagarin

became

the

first

person

in

the

world

to

go

into

space.……1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成為世界上第一個進(jìn)入太空的人。3.被修飾詞是抽象名詞時,常用不定式作定語。常見的這類名詞有ability、chance、wish、excuse、promise、attempt、way等。The

best

way

to

strengthen

willpower

is

to

make

it

a

habit.增強(qiáng)意志力最好的方法就是讓它成為一種習(xí)慣。及物動詞doing被修飾的名詞與分詞之間為主動關(guān)系There

were

millions

of

people

watching

the

opening

ceremony

live

on

TV.有數(shù)百萬人觀看了開幕式的電視直播。二、分詞作定語及物動詞beingdone被修飾的名詞與分詞之間為被動關(guān)系且表示正在進(jìn)行The

question

being

discussed

now

is

very

important.現(xiàn)在正在被討論的問題很重要。done被修飾的名詞與分詞之間為被動關(guān)系且表示完成I'd

like

you

to

look

at

a

study

conducted

in

Australia

in

2012.我想讓你們看一項2012年在澳大利亞進(jìn)行的研究。續(xù)表不及物動詞doing表示動作正在進(jìn)行When

I

saw

the

falling

leaves,

I

felt

sad.當(dāng)看到正落下的葉子時，我感到傷心。done表示動作已完成The

road

was

covered

with

fallen

leaves.路上蓋滿了落葉。續(xù)表1.

（2022·全國乙卷）“...It

can

help

to

build

a

community

with

a_______

（share）

future

for

mankind,”

he

said.shared2.

（2022·全國甲卷）Inspired

by

the

Belt

and

Road

Forum

for

International

Cooperation_____

（hold）

in

Beijing,

Cao

decided

to

cover

the

route

by

hiking

as

a

tribute（致敬）

to

the

ancient

Silk

Road.held針對訓(xùn)練3.

In

less

than

18

months,

there

were

over

200,000

people

________（read）

my

blog!4.

When

we

got

a

call_______（say）

she

was

shortlisted,

we

thought

it

was

a

joke.readingsaying5.

Picking

up

her

“Lifetime

Achievement”

award,

proud

Irene

declared

that

she

had

no

plans_________（retire）

from

her

36-year-old

business.to

retire一、不定式作賓語1.通常接不定式作賓語的動詞有：intend（打算），plan（計劃），expect（預(yù)計），pretend（假裝），wish（希望），decide（決定），agree（同意），manage（設(shè)法做成），refuse（拒絕），promise（答應(yīng)），attempt（企圖），choose（選擇），ask（要求），learn（學(xué)習(xí)），fail（失?。?，afford（買得起）等。（人教選必三

Unit

2）I

decided

to

take

control

of

my

life

and

find

other

ways

to

relax.我決定掌控自己的生活，找到其他放松的方法?？键c3非謂語動詞作賓語2.在某些動詞，如find、think、consider、feel、make、believe等后，常用it作形式賓語，而把真正的賓語（不定式）后置。He

feels/thinks

it

important

to

learn

English

well，but

finds

it

difficult

to

remember

the

words.他認(rèn)為學(xué)好英語很重要，但是覺得記單詞很難。二、動名詞作賓語1.通常接動名詞作賓語的動詞有：mind（介意），miss（錯過），mention（提到），enjoy（喜歡），escape（避開），practise（練習(xí)），postpone（推遲），suggest（建議），stand/tolerate（忍受），consider（考慮），keep（繼續(xù)），avoid（避免），admit（承認(rèn)），advise（建議），allow/permit（允許），appreciate（感激），risk（冒險），resist（抵制），recommend（建議），finish（完成），imagine（想象），dislike（不喜歡），delay（延遲），quit（停止），deny（否認(rèn)），include（包括）等。He

can't

stand

being

laughed

at.他無法忍受被人嘲笑。易錯提示allow、permit、advise后需加動名詞作賓語，但如果后面有名詞或代詞作賓語，則用不定式作賓補(bǔ)，即“allow/permit/advise

sb.

to

do

sth.”。I

advise

holding

a

meeting

to

discuss

the

matter.我建議開個會討論這個事。（外研必修一Unit

3）But

in

the

end,

you

just

advised

me

to

think

carefully.但最后您只是建議我認(rèn)真考慮。2.動名詞作介詞的賓語（人教選必三

Unit

4）

Our

optimism

and

faith

in

Shackleton

had

helped

us

persevere

in

staying

alive.我們的樂觀和對沙克爾頓的信任幫助我們堅持活了下來。易錯提示（1）以下短語中to

都是介詞adapt/adjust

to適應(yīng)；be

used/accustomed

to習(xí)慣于；be

addicted

to對……上癮；be

attracted

to喜歡；contribute

to有助于；devote

oneself

to致力于；get

down

to開始做；look

forward

to期盼；object

to反對；owe...to把……歸因于；pay

attention

to注意；reduce

sb./sth.

to使淪為；stick

to堅持；in

addition

to除了I

have

been

used

to

living

in

the

city.我已經(jīng)習(xí)慣住在城里了。（2）介詞but/except后接不定式時，若前面有實義動詞do的某種形式，不定式要省略to。We

can

do

nothing

but

wait.我們只能等待。forget

to

do

sth.忘記去做某事forget

doing

sth.忘記做過某事regret

to

do

sth.遺憾地要做某事regret

doing

sth.后悔做過某事三、接不定式與動名詞作賓語意義不同的動詞remember

to

do

sth.記得去做某事remember

doing

sth.記得做過某事stop

to

do

sth.停下來去做某事（另一件事）stop

doing

sth.停止做某事try

to

do

sth.盡力做某事try

doing

sth.嘗試做某事go

on

to

do

sth.繼續(xù)做某事（另一件事）go

on

doing

sth.繼續(xù)做某事（原來做的事）mean

to

do

sth.打算做某事mean

doing

sth.意味著做某事can't

help

to

do

sth.不能幫助做某事can't

help

doing

sth.情不自禁地做某事I

remembered

locking

the

door

before

I

left

the

office,

but

forgot

to

turn

off

the

lights.我離開辦公室之前記得鎖門了，但卻忘記關(guān)燈了。特殊用法（1）動詞want、need、require作“需要”講時，其后要用v.-ing形式的主動形式或不定式的被動形式作賓語。與此用法相同的動詞還有deserve（值得）。The

window

needs

cleaning/to

be

cleaned.（window與clean之間存在被動關(guān)系）那扇窗戶需要清洗。（2）“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)常作learn、decide、know、wonder、show、tell、understand、explain、teach、advise、find

out

等的賓語。We

will

have

a

meeting

to

decide

what

to

do.我們將開會決定該做什么。1.

Some

of

their

great

achievements

included

_________（build）towns

and

roads.2.

Although

scientists

try_________（make）

sure

nothing

goes

wrong,

accidents

can

still

happen.3.

They

also

really

wish____________（discover）

other

planets

that

are

suitable

enough

to

support

life.buildingto

maketo

discover針對訓(xùn)練4.

In

the

end,

I

turned

on

my

phone

to

check,

but

couldn't

resist________（have）

a

quick

look

at

my

social

media

accounts.having5.

In

addition

to

_______（see）

spectacular

mountain

peaks

and

forests,

one

highlight

of

their

trip

was

being

able

to

see

many

different

creatures.seeing一、不定式作補(bǔ)足語（賓補(bǔ)或主補(bǔ)）

不定式作補(bǔ)足語時，不定式與賓語或主語在邏輯上是主動關(guān)系。常用不定式作補(bǔ)足語的動詞（短語）有advise、allow、ask、beg、cause、enable、encourage、expect、forbid、force、intend、invite、order、persuade、require、remind、tell、want、warn、depend

on等。He

is

not

allowed

to

stay

out

late.他不被允許在外待到很晚?？键c4非謂語動詞作補(bǔ)足語易錯提示1.在sb.

be

believed/said/known/reported/considered/thought+to

do/to

have

done結(jié)構(gòu)中，用不定式作主語補(bǔ)足語。The

president

was

reported

to

have

visited

China.據(jù)報道，那位總統(tǒng)已經(jīng)訪問了中國。2.不定式作賓補(bǔ)時省略to的情況：“吾（五）看三室（使）兩廳（聽）一感覺”。但變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，

to不可省略。He

made

me

cry.=I

was

made

to

cry

by

him.他把我弄哭了。二、現(xiàn)在分詞作補(bǔ)足語

現(xiàn)在分詞作補(bǔ)足語時，補(bǔ)足語與賓語或主語在邏輯上是主動關(guān)系，并強(qiáng)調(diào)正在進(jìn)行的動作。可以用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞（短語）有：“一感一抓一發(fā)現(xiàn)，二聽四讓和五看”（feel，catch，find，listen

to/hear，have/keep/get/leave，see/watch/look

at/observe/notice）。Listen!

Do

you

hear

someone

calling

for

help？聽！你聽到有人正在呼救嗎？He

was

found

smoking

in

the

kitchen

just

now.剛才有人發(fā)現(xiàn)他在廚房里抽煙。

過去分詞作補(bǔ)足語時，補(bǔ)足語與賓語或主語在邏輯上是被動關(guān)系?？梢杂糜诖私Y(jié)構(gòu)的動詞有：感官動詞：see、watch、hear、feel、find、notice等。使役動詞：have、make、keep、leave、get等。表示“想要、希望、好惡”的動詞：want、wish、expect、like等。三、過去分詞作補(bǔ)足語This

song

is

often

heard

sung

everywhere

in

China.這首歌在中國的大街小巷都能聽見有人唱。（外研選必二

Unit

2）An

hour's

sport

each

day

left

me

tired

out

and

wanting

to

go

to

bed

early.每天一小時的運(yùn)動讓我筋疲力盡，想早早上床睡覺。I

expect

this

plan

carried

out

successfully.我期望這個計劃成功實施。易錯提示使役動詞have和get后接非謂語動詞作補(bǔ)語的異同點：1.have

sth.

done=get

sth.

done讓別人做某事2.have

sb./sth.

doing

sth.讓……一直做某事；get

sb./sth.

doing

sth.使……開始做某事3.have

sb.

do

sth.=get

sb.

to

do

sth.讓某人做某事doing（表示主動,說明動作正在進(jìn)行）

done（表示被動或完成）

to

do（表示將要發(fā)生的動作）The

old

couple

often

take

a

walk

in

the

park

after

supper

with

their

pet

dog

following

them.這老兩口常常晚飯后在公園里散步，他們的寵物狗則在后面跟著。with+賓語+四、with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)With

such

a

short

time

left

before

the

deadline,

it

doesn't

seem

likely

that

John

will

finish

the

job.離截止日期還有這么短的時間，約翰似乎不可能完成工作。With

a

lot

of

work

to

do,

she

isn't

allowed

to

leave

the

office.由于有許多工作要做，她不被允許離開辦公室。針對訓(xùn)練1.

They

had

castles

______（build）

all

around

England,

and

made

changes

to

the

legal

system.built2.

The

peaceful

landscape

of

the

Emerald

Isle

and

its

many

green

counties

is

a

real

feast

for

the

visitors,

with

its

rolling

green

hills

_______（dot）

with

sheep

and

cattle.dotted3.

Standing

in

the

distance,

they

were

astonished

to

see

misty

clouds

_______（rise）

from

the

great

Niagara

Falls.rising4.

The

new

technology

could

enable

more

people

__________

（access）

the

cultural

relics

despite

the

distance.to

access5.

Millions

of

pupils

have

been

forced

__________（switch）

to

remote

learning,

according

to

Qustodio

software,

which

tracks

usage

of

devices

by

children

aged

4

to

15

in

the

UK,

the

US

and

Spain.to

switch一、不定式作主語和表語1.不定式作主語時，一般表示具體的、某一次的動作。若不定式太長，常用it作形式主語，而將不定式后置。It's

our

duty

to

take

good

care

of

the

old.照顧好老人是我們的責(zé)任。考點5非謂語動詞作主語和表語2.當(dāng)主語是aim、purpose、idea、plan、wish等詞時，常用不定式作表語；what引導(dǎo)的從句作主語時，表語多用不定式。His

wish

is

to

be

a

doctor

in

the

future.他的愿望是將來當(dāng)一名醫(yī)生。What

is

the

most

important

is

to

have

a

clear

objective.最重要的是有一個明確的目標(biāo)。二、動名詞作主語和表語1.動名詞作主語時，通常表示抽象的或習(xí)慣性的動作。也可用it作形式主語，而將真正的主語后移。常用動名詞作真正主語的句型有：It's

a

waste

of

time

doing...；It's

no

use/good

doing...；It

is

useless

doing...；It

is

worth

doing。Traveling

along

the

old

Silk

Road

is

an

interesting

and

rewarding

experience.沿著古老的絲綢之路旅行是一次既有趣又有益的經(jīng)歷。It's

no

use

just

complaining

without

taking

action.不采取行動而只是抱怨是沒用的。2.動名詞作表語時相當(dāng)于名詞，用于解釋主語的內(nèi)容，表語和主語常?？梢曰Q位置。My

job

is

cleaning

the

house

three

times

a

week.（=Cleaning

the

house

three

times

a

week

is

my

job.）我的工作是每星期打掃三次房子。三、分詞作表語1.現(xiàn)在分詞作表語如果是和情緒相關(guān)的動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式，則形容詞意義較強(qiáng)，表示“令人……的”。如amazing、boring、confusing、disappointing、exciting、encouraging、frightening等。The

result

of

the

experiment

is

encouraging.實驗結(jié)果是鼓舞人心的。2.過去分詞作表語如果是和情緒相關(guān)的動詞的過去分詞形式，則形容詞意義較強(qiáng)，表示“感到……的”。如amazed、bored、confused、disappointed、excited、frightened

等。（人教選必一

Unit

4）When

I

talk

about

something

difficult,

they

look

confused.當(dāng)我談?wù)摰诫y點時，他們看起來很困惑。針對訓(xùn)練1.

As

you

can

imagine,

________（get）

burnt

can

lead

to

very

serious

injuries.2.

The

Maya's

understanding

of

mathematics

and

astronomy

was

also

quite_________（amaze）.3.

You

can

imagine

how__________（surprise）

and________（excite）

I

was

at

that

moment!4.

It

is

different

from

traditional

tourism

because

it

allows

the

traveler

to

become_________（educate）

about

the

areas.gettingamazingsurprisedexcitededucated5.

The

report

says

it

will

be

difficult

___________

（increase）

people's

leisure

time

in

the

future

due

to

the

large

amount

of

time

they

spend

working

and

looking

after

children.6.

He

built

up

the

organization,

whose

aim

is

_________（raise）

people's

environmental

awareness.7.

It's

a

waste

of

time___________（convince）

him—he'll

never

change

his

mind.to

raiseconvincingtoincrease技巧點撥典例1

（2023·全國乙卷）From

Buddhist

temples

to

museums,

narrow

hutong

to

royal

palaces,

it

is

home

to

more

than

3,000

years

of

glorious

history

even

down

to

its

layout,

with

the

city

keeping

its

carefully______

（build）

system

of

ring

roads.built思路點撥

本句的主語是it，is是連系動詞，home...its

layout為表語。在with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中，賓語是the

city，賓補(bǔ)是keeping

its

carefully...ring

roads?？崭裉幮揎椕~system作定語，并與之構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)使用過去分詞，故填built。典例2

（2023·全國乙卷）_______________

（visit）

several

times

over

the

last

10

years,

I

was

amazed

by

the

co-existence

of

old

and

new,

and

how

a

city

was

able

to

keep

such

a

rich

heritage

（遺產(chǎn)）

while

constantly

growing.思路點撥

本句的主干為I

was

amazed

by...，by后面是賓語，設(shè)空處為非謂語動詞作狀語。動詞visit和主句主語I之間為主動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞。根據(jù)時間狀語over

the

last

10

years可知，設(shè)空處動作先于was

amazed發(fā)生，應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式。設(shè)空處置于句首，首字母大寫，故填Having

visited。Havingvisited典例3

（2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷）Nanxiang

aside,

the

best

xiao

long

bao

have

a

fine

skin,

allowing

them

____________

（lift）

out

of

the

steamer

basket

without

tearing

or

spilling

any

of

their

contents.思路點撥

本句的主語是the

best

xiao

long

bao，謂語是have，設(shè)空處為非謂語動詞。根據(jù)allow

sb.

to

do

sth.“允許某人做某事”可知，空處需用動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，lift與賓語them（指代小籠包）是邏輯上的被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)使用不定式的被動形式，故填to

be

lifted。tobelifted分層特訓(xùn)Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.

（2023·全國甲卷）Behind

the

simple

style,

however,

is

a

serious

message

_________（intend）

for

everyone.intended[解析]

句意：然而，在簡潔的風(fēng)格背后，是為每個人傳達(dá)的重要信息。此處在句中作定語，intend與message是被動關(guān)系，再結(jié)合短語be

intended

for可知應(yīng)用過去分詞，故填intended。2.

（2023·重慶高考模擬調(diào)研三）He

thinks

that

China

is

more

willing

______________

（experiment）

with

new

technologies.[解析]

句意：他認(rèn)為中國更愿意嘗試新技術(shù)。固定搭配be

willing

to

do

sth.意為“愿意做某事”，experiment在此處為動詞。3.

（2023·山東濟(jì)南3月高三模擬）Although

there

has

been

back

and

forth

in

the

village

development,

the

villagers'

craftsmanship

has

managed

to

survive

the

test

of

time

and

get

________

（carry）

forward.carried[解析]

句意：……但村民的手藝經(jīng)受住了時間的考驗，得以發(fā)揚(yáng)光大。此處為“get

sth.

done”結(jié)構(gòu)，故填carried。toexperiment4.

（2023·重慶高考模擬調(diào)研一）In

her

later

years

Qin

spent

much

of

her

time

_______

（take）

care

of

her

son

Jin

Jie,

who

suffered

from

schizophrenia

and

died

at

the

age

of

59

in

2007,

while

carrying

on

with

her

acting

career.[解析]

句意：在秦的晚年，她在繼續(xù)演藝事業(yè)的同時，把大量的時間都花在了照顧患有精神分裂癥的兒子金捷身上，金捷于2007年去世，享年59歲。固定搭配spend

time

doing

sth.意為“花費(fèi)時間做某事”，故填taking。taking5.

（2023·江蘇四校高三聯(lián)考）With

its

sails_______

（fly）

in

the

wind,

a

wooden

Chinese

sailing

ship

stands

still

among

teaching

buildings.flying[解析]

此處為with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，its

sails與fly為主動關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)，故填flying。6.

Diets

are

useless

in

the

long

term,

yet

approximately

20%

of

teenagers

say

they

have

tried

to

control

their

weight

by

going

on

a

diet

and_________（skip）

meals.skipping[解析]

此處與going

on

a

diet并列，作by的賓語，故使用動名詞。7.

People

would

worship

the

sea,________（pray）for

a

good

harvest

and

a

safe

voyage

for

their

loved

ones.praying[解析]

句中已有謂語would

worship，空格處應(yīng)用非謂語動詞作狀語。People和pray之間是邏輯上的主動關(guān)系，故填praying。8.

In

this

way,

we

had

energy_______（store）

for

when

there

was

no

food.stored[解析]

句意：這樣，我們就儲存了能量，以備沒有食物時使用。此處為“have

sth.

done”結(jié)構(gòu)，動詞store和energy之間為被動關(guān)系，故用過去分詞。9.

In

many

people's

opinion，that

company，though

relatively

small，is

pleasant

________（deal）

with.to

deal[解析]

在“主語+be+形容詞+動詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，句子的主語是不定式的邏輯賓語，用主動表示被動。10.

Nervously_______（face）

challenges,

I

know

I

will

whisper

to

myself

the

two

simple

words

“Be

yourself”.facing[解析]

設(shè)空處作狀語，與其邏輯主語I之間為主動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞，故填facing。A（2023·山東青島平度高三二模改編）

Hangzhou

will

build

a

world-class

ecological

and

cultural

tourism

corridor

in

connection

with

Anhui

Province's

Huangshan

City.Five

towns

in

Hangzhou's

Chun'an

County

and

five

towns

in

Huangshan's

Shexian

1._____________

（include）

according

to

the

prepared

plan.

In

ancient

times,

they

were

part

of

Huizhou

region

where

the

Xin'an

River

runs

through.

2.________（date）back

to

the

Tang

Dynasty,

a

trail

3.________（link）

Hangzhou's

Tianmu

Mountain

and

are

includedDatinglinkingⅡ.語法填空Huangshan's

Mount

Huangshan

was

formed

to

exchange

goods

between

the

two

regions.

Over

the

years,

Hangzhou

and

Huangshan

4.___________________________________（preserve）

their

unique

architecture

and

local

ways

of

life

in

old

villages,

5.________（make）

this

area

popular

with

tourists.

The

villages

have

resisted

the

winds

of

change

that

swept

across

many

other

parts

of

China.In

addition

to

architecture,

also,

the

natural

environment

is

being

protected,

with

sewage（污水）6._____________（treat）

and

new

infrastructure

being

built.have

preserved/have

been

preservingmakingbeing

treated

These

7.___________（recognize）

improvements

are

attracting

more

tourists

and

creating

an

engine

for

the

local

economy.

Moreover,

for

those

who

love

hiking,

jogging

or

cycling,

Qiandao

Lake

in

Chun'an

County

is

an

ideal

destination

8._______________

it

boasts（擁有）

winding

roads,

charming

villages,

and

1,078

islands.

In

addition,

Hangzhou

will

also

increase

forest

coverage

along

the

river

in

partnership

with

Huangshan,

which

is

considered

9.__________（match）

perfectly

the

concept

of

“Lucid

waters

and

lush

mountains

are

invaluable

assets”10.____________（highlight）

a

harmonious

relationship

between

ecological

protection

and

economic

development.as/because/sinceto

matchto

highlightrecognizedare

included[解析]

考查謂語動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：根據(jù)事先準(zhǔn)備好的規(guī)劃，杭州淳安縣的五個鎮(zhèn)和黃山歙縣的五個鎮(zhèn)被包括在內(nèi)。分析句子子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)為謂語；句子主語“Five

towns...Shexian”表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，與include構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系；此處介紹客觀事實，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時。故填are

included。1._____________Dating[解析]

考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，動詞date與句子主語a

trail為邏輯上的主動關(guān)系，應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，故填Dating。3.

________linking[解析]

考查非謂語動詞。根據(jù)句中謂語“was

formed”可知，此處應(yīng)為非謂語動詞作定語，修飾名詞“trail”，并與其構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞形式，故填linking。2.________4.

___________________________________have

preserved/have

been

preserving[解析]

考查謂語動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：多年來，杭州和黃山的老村落一直保存著它們獨特的建筑和當(dāng)?shù)氐纳罘绞?，使這一地區(qū)受到游客的歡迎。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，主語為“Hangzhou

and

Huangshan”，表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，與preserve構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系。根據(jù)句中時間狀語“Over

the

years”可知，可用現(xiàn)在完成時；結(jié)合句意，也可用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時，表示動作持續(xù)進(jìn)行，故填have

preserved或have

been

preserving。making[解析]

考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句中已有謂語，此處應(yīng)用非謂語動詞作狀語。表示自然而然的結(jié)果，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞。故填making。6.

_____________being

treated[解析]

考查非謂語動詞。句意：除了建筑，自然環(huán)境也得到了保護(hù)，污水在處理中，新的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施正在建設(shè)中。根據(jù)介詞“with”可知，此處應(yīng)用非謂語動詞作賓補(bǔ)，修飾名詞“sewage”，并且treat與其構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系；根據(jù)“and...being

built”可知此處應(yīng)用being

treated，表示“正在被處理”。故填being

treated。5.________recognized[解析]

考查非謂語動詞。句意：這些公認(rèn)的進(jìn)步正吸引著更多的游客，并創(chuàng)造著發(fā)展當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟(jì)的引擎。分析句子成分可知，設(shè)空處作定語修飾名詞improvements，與之構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)使用過去分詞，故填recognized。7.___________as/because/since[解析]

考查連詞。句意：此外，對于那些喜歡徒步旅行、慢跑或騎自行車的人來說，淳安縣的千島湖是一個理想的目的地，因為它擁有蜿蜒的道路、迷人的村莊和1，078個島嶼。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)為連詞；根據(jù)句意可知，此處引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，表示“因為”。故填as、because或since。8._______________to

match[解析]

考查非謂語動詞。句意：此外，杭州還將與黃山合作，增加沿江森林覆蓋率，這被認(rèn)為完美符合了“綠水青山就是金山銀山”的理念，以突出生態(tài)保護(hù)與經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的和諧關(guān)系。

此處為固定搭配be

considered

to

do

sth.,意為“被認(rèn)為做某事”。10.

____________to

highlight[解析]

考查非謂語動詞。根據(jù)句意可知，此處作目的狀語，應(yīng)使用不定式，故填to

highlight。9.__________B（2023·遼寧師大附中高三5月測試改編）

Beijing

Daxing

International

Airport

is

located

46

kilometers

directly

south

of

Tian'anmen

Square

in

Beijing.1._________（look）

like

a

phoenix

（鳳凰）,

it

is

in

the

list

of

Seven

Wonders

of

the

Modern

World

by

The

Guardian

（《衛(wèi)報》）.

From

2015

to

2019,

it

took

only

four

years

for

this

great

project

2.________________（complete）,

which

demonstrates

the

3._________（amaze）

“Chinese

speed”.Lookingto

be

completedamazing

The

airport

covers

an

area

of

about

150

square

kilometers,

with

the

terminal

building

（航站樓）

alone

4._________（cover）

780,000

square

meters,

equivalent

to

100

standard

football

fields.

It

is

worth

5.___________（mention）

that

the

clever

design

takes

passengers

less

than

eight

minutes

to

walk

to

any

gate

6.______the

center

of

the

terminal.coveringmentioningfrom

7.________（know）

as

an

“intelligent

airport”,

the

airport

is

equipped

with

thousands

of

intelligent

devices

and

tens

of

thousands

of

sensors.The

airport

information

center

is

run

with

cutting-edge

technologies

including

cloud

computing

and

5G,

8.____________（contribute）

to

passengers'

comfort

and

convenience.

With

the

help

of

face

check-in,

self-service

check-in,

mobile

phone

query

luggage

location

in

Beijing

Daxing

International

Airport,

you

can

feel

the

new

travel

experience

9._________（bring）

by

high

technology.

More

Chinese

miracles

10.______________（happen）

on

this

land

now.Knowncontributingbroughtare

happeningLooking[解析]

考查非謂語動詞。句意：它看起來像一只鳳凰，被《衛(wèi)報》列為現(xiàn)代世界七大奇跡之一。句中已有謂語，動詞look與句子主語it構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系，應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，故填Looking。2.

________________to

be

completed[解析]

考查非謂語動詞。句意：從2015年到2019年，這個偉大的工程只用了四年時間就完成了，展現(xiàn)了驚人的“中國速度”。I