閱讀理解說(shuō)明文（練習(xí)）-2025年高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)（新教材新高考）

第07講閱讀理解說(shuō)明文

目錄

01模擬基礎(chǔ)練

【題型一】科普類說(shuō)明文的考查

【題型二】動(dòng)植物介紹類說(shuō)明文的考查

【題型三】社會(huì)文化類說(shuō)明文的考查

02重難創(chuàng)新練

03真題實(shí)戰(zhàn)練

//模擬基礎(chǔ)練卜

題型一科普類說(shuō)明文的考直

1.（23-24高三?江西贛州?期中）In2022,aNewZealandwomanbecamethefirsttoreceiveagene-editing

treatmenttopermanentlylowerhercholesterol（膽固醇）.Thewomanhadheartdisease,alongwithaninherited

riskforhighcholesterol.Butscientistsbehindtheexperimentaltreatmentareconsideringhowitcouldhelppretty

muchanyone.

ThetrialisapotentialturningpointfbrCRISPR,theeditingtooltheyused.Sincethetechnologywasfirst

programmedtoeditgenomes（基因組）aboutadecadeago,we'veseenCRISPRfromscientificlabsmademuch

progress.Butthefirstexperimentaltreatmentshavefocusedonraregeneticdisorders.Theyareworkingonmore

possibilitiestreatingcommondiseaselikehighcholesterol.

Thecholesterol-loweringtreatment,developedbyVerveTherapeutics,reliesonaformofgeneeditingcalled

baseediting,or“CRISPR2.0".It'samoretargetedapproach.Insteadofsimplymakingcutstoshutoffspecific

genes,scientistscannowexchangeasingleDNAbasefbranother.Intheory,thisshouldbesaferbecauseyou5re

lesslikelytocutanimportantgenebymistake,andyoucanbelesslikelytomakemistakesthatmayoccurwhen

DNArepairsitselfafterbeingcut.

AnevennewerformofCRISPRcouldtakethingsfurtherstill.PrimeEditing一or"CRISPR3.0"—allows

scientiststoputchunks（塊）ofDNAintoagenome.Ifitworksinpeople,itcouldletscientistsreplace

disease-causinggenes.

Together,thesenewerformsofCRISPRcouldbroadenthepossibilitiesofgeneeditingtotakeonmany

conditions——notallofthemgenetic.Someday,peoplemayhavetheoptiontoaddgenesthoughttoprotectagainst

highbloodpressure,orcertaindiseases,totheirgeneticcode.

AllCRISPRtreatmentsareexperimentalatthispoint,andwedon'tknowifthey'resafe.Somearguewe

shouldfocusontreatingthosewithseverediseasesinthemeantime.ButifthesenewformsofCRISPRdowork,

theycouldhelpmanyothers.

1.Whatarescientistsfocusingoninthegene-editingtreatment?

A.Itsgreatsuccess.B.Itswiderapplication.

C.Itsimmediateeffects.D.Itstargetpatients.

2.WhydoestheauthorthinkthatCRISPR2.0istheoreticallysafer?

A.Itcanshutoffspecificgenes.B.Itcanavoidpotentialerrors.

C.IfslikelytoreduceDNAbasedamage.D.Itprovidesprotectionforthegenome.

3.WhatcouldbetheinnovativepracticeofPrimeEditing?

A.Makingcutstoshutoffspecificgenes.B.Providingtreatmentforgeneticdiseases.

C.ExchangingasingleDNAbaseforanother.D.Takingtheplaceofdisease-causinggenes.

4.Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?

A.CRISPRtreatmentshaven'tenteredhumantrials.

B.Primeeditingisbeingtestedinthescientificlab.

C.Primeeditingtargetsdiseasescausedbygeneticdisorders.

D.Verve'scholesterol-loweringtreatmentsareapprovedforuse.

【答案】1.B2.B3.D4.B

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了科學(xué)家通過(guò)研發(fā)基因編輯工具CRISPR不斷更新的三種形式，用

于治療疾病，并探索更加廣泛運(yùn)用的可能性。

1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的"Butthefirstexperimentaltreatmentshavefocusedonraregeneticdisorders.

Theyareworkingonmorepossibilitiestreatingcommondiseaselikehighcholesterol.（但首批實(shí)驗(yàn)性治療主要針

對(duì)罕見的遺傳疾病。他們正在研究更多治療常見疾病的可能性，比如高膽固醇。）”可知，科學(xué)家正在研究更

多更廣治療像高膽固醇疾病的方法。故選B。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的"Intheory,thisshouldbesaferbecauseyou'relesslikelytocutanimportant

genebymistake,andyoucanbelesslikelytomakemistakesthatmayoccurwhenDNArepairsitselfafterbeing

cut.（理論上，這應(yīng)該更安全，因?yàn)槟悴惶赡苠e(cuò)誤地切割一個(gè)重要的基因，你也不太可能在DNA被切割后

自我修復(fù)時(shí)出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤。）”可知，CRISPR2.0理論上更安全是因?yàn)樗鼙苊饪赡艿腻e(cuò)誤。故選B。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Ifitworksinpeople,itcouldletscientistsreplacedisease-causinggenes.（如

果它在人類身上起作用，它可以讓科學(xué)家取代致病基因。）”可知，能取代致病基因是科學(xué)家們關(guān)于“Prime

Editing”的創(chuàng)新實(shí)踐。故選D。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“PrimeEditing-or“CRISPR3.0"—allowsscientiststoputchunks（塊）of

DNAintoagenome.Ifitworksinpeople,itcouldletscientistsreplacedisease-causinggenes.（PrimeEditing

或“CRISPR3.0”——允許科學(xué)家將DNA塊放入基因組中。如果它在人類身上起作用，它可以讓科學(xué)家取代

致病基因。廠可知，“PrimeEditing”允許科學(xué)家將DNA塊放入基因組中。如果它在人身上有效，它就可以讓

科學(xué)家取代致病基因。以及最后一段中的"AllCRISPRtreatmentsareexperimentalatthispoint,andwedon't

knowifthey"safe.（目前，所有的CRISPR治療都是實(shí)驗(yàn)性的，我們不知道它們是否安全）”可知，科學(xué)家研

發(fā)的CRISPR不斷更新的幾種形式目前都是實(shí)驗(yàn)性的。故選B。

2.（2024-四川達(dá)州?二模）Withtheoceancoveringmorethan70%oftheEarth'ssurface,theNational

OceanicandAtmosphericAdministration（NOAA）saidscientistsandresearchershaddependedonsonar（聲口內(nèi)）

technologiestounderstandandmaptheseafloorwhichhadchartedonlyabout10%oftheworld?socean.Forthe

oceanandcoastalwatersintheUS,thenumberisjustaround35%.

Weknowlessaboutourplanet'soceanthanwhatweknowaboutthefarsideofthemoonorthesurfaceof

Mars.Partofthereasonforthelackofobservationisthechallengeofpoweringanunderwatercamera.Researchers

haveusedshipstorechargecamerasorobservedwithacameratiedtoashiptosolvetheissue,whichisexpensive

andunsuitableforlong-termobservations.

Recently,researchersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology（MIT）havetakenamajorsteptoironout

thisproblembydevelopingabattery-free,wirelessunderwatercamerathatcouldharvestenergyunderwateronits

ownforlongperiods.

Tokeeppowerconsumptionaslowaspossible,theresearchersusedoff-the-shelf,ultra-low-powerimaging

sensors.Thedevicetakescolorphotos,evenindarkunderwaterenvironments,andsendsimagedatawirelessly

throughthewater.

Thecameraispoweredbysound.Itchangesmechanicalenergyfromsoundwavestravelingthroughwater

intoelectricalenergythatpowersitsimagingandcommunicationsequipment.Aftergettingandencodingimage

data,thecameraalsousessoundwavestosendthedatatoareceiverthatreconstructstheimage.Thosesound

wavescouldcomefromanysource,likeapassingshipormarinelife.Asitdoesn'tneedapowersource,the

cameracouldrunforweeksonendbeforegettingitback,enablingscientiststosearchremotepartsoftheoceanfor

newspecies.

Nowthatresearchershavedemonstratedaworkingprototype（原型）,theyplantoenhancethedevicesoitis

practicalinreal-worldsettings.Forfutureapplication,thesecamerasmaybeusedtotakeimagesofoceanpollution

andcreatemoreaccuratemodelstomonitorclimatechangetobetterunderstandhowclimatechangeimpactsthe

underwaterworld,andadvancevariousunderseascientificfields.

5.Whatdothedatainparagraph1mainlyshow?

A.UnderseaexplorationispoorintheUS.

B.Muchoftheplanet?soceanremainsunexplored.

C.Themappingoftheseaflooristime-consuming.

D.Technologydevelopmentmattersalottoseaobservation.

6.Whatlimitstheresearchers9underseaexplorationaccordingtothetext?

A.Thecomplexityoftheseaenvironment.

B.Theconcernaboutpotentialseapollution.

C.Theshortageofinvestmentinoceanexploration.

D.Theinabilitytoeffectivelypowerunderwatercameras.

7.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“ironout“inparagraph3probablymean?

A.Overcome.B.Face.

C.Analyze.D.Illustrate.

8.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheMITunderwatercamera?

A.Secureandstable.B.Expensivebuteffective.

C.Impracticalbutadvanced.D.Self-sufficientandenergy-saving.

【答案】5.B6.D7.A8.D

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹的是麻省理工學(xué)院的研究人員開發(fā)了一種將聲波在水中傳播的機(jī)械

能轉(zhuǎn)化為電能，為成像和通信設(shè)備提供動(dòng)力的無(wú)線水下相機(jī)。

5.推理判斷題o根據(jù)首段"Withtheoceancoveringmorethan70%oftheEarth'ssurface,theNationalOceanic

andAtmosphericAdministration（NOAA）saidscientistsandresearchershaddependedonsonar（聲吶）

technologiestounderstandandmaptheseafloorwhichhadchartedonlyabout10%oftheworld'socean.Forthe

oceanandcoastalwatersintheUS,thenumberisjustaround35%.（由于海洋覆蓋了地球表面的70%以上，美國(guó)

國(guó)家海洋和大氣管理局表示，科學(xué)家和研究人員依靠聲納技術(shù)來(lái)了解和繪制海底地圖，而海底地圖只占世

界海洋面積的10%左右。對(duì)于美國(guó)的海洋和沿海水域，這一數(shù)字僅為35%左右。戶可知，海洋占地球表面

面積的70%,而科學(xué)家和研究人員依靠聲納技術(shù)來(lái)了解和繪制的海底地圖只占10%左右，美國(guó)海域，這一

數(shù)字也只占35%左右，這些數(shù)據(jù)表明了地球上的大部分海洋仍未被探索。故選B項(xiàng)。

6.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的"Partofthereasonforthelackofobservationisthechallengeofpoweringan

underwatercamera.（缺乏觀察的部分原因是水下攝像機(jī)的供電困難。戶可知，缺乏對(duì)海洋觀察的部分原因是

水下攝像機(jī)的供電困難，由此可知，無(wú)法有效地為水下攝像機(jī)提供動(dòng)力限制了研究者的海底探索。故選D

項(xiàng)。

7.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段中的"Partofthereasonforthelackofobservationisthechallengeofpoweringan

underwatercamera.（缺乏觀察的部分原因是水下攝像機(jī)的供電困難。廣可知，無(wú)法有效地為水下攝像機(jī)提供

動(dòng)力限制了研究者的海底探索，結(jié)合畫線短語(yǔ)前的"Recently,researchersattheMassachusettsInstituteof

Technology（MIT）havetakenamajorstep（最近，麻省理工學(xué)院的研究人員邁出了重要的一步）”可知，就這個(gè)

問(wèn)題麻省理工學(xué)院的研究人員邁出了重要的一步。結(jié)合畫線短語(yǔ)后的“bydevelopingabattery-free,wireless

underwatercamerathatcouldharvestenergyunderwateronitsownforlongperiods.（他們開發(fā)了——種無(wú)需電池的

無(wú)線水下相機(jī)，這種相機(jī)可以在水下長(zhǎng)時(shí)間收集能量。）”可知，他們開發(fā)了一種無(wú)需電池的無(wú)線水下相機(jī)，

這種相機(jī)能在水下長(zhǎng)時(shí)間收集能量，由此推知，麻省理工學(xué)院的研究人員應(yīng)該是在解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題方面邁出

了重要的一步，所以畫線短語(yǔ)的意思應(yīng)與“解決”意義相近。故選A項(xiàng)。

8.推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的"Thecameraispoweredbysound.Itchangesmechanicalenergyfromsound

wavestravelingthroughwaterintoelectricalenergythatpowersitsimagingandcommunicationsequipment.（這臺(tái)

攝像機(jī)是由聲音驅(qū)動(dòng)的。它將聲波在水中傳播的機(jī)械能轉(zhuǎn)化為電能，為成像和通信設(shè)備提供動(dòng)力。）”可知，

該攝像機(jī)將聲波轉(zhuǎn)化成電能為成像和通信提供動(dòng)力，由此可知，該相機(jī)可以自給自足，結(jié)合下文中的“Asit

doesn'tneedapowersource,thecameracouldrunforweeksonendbeforegettingitback,enablingscientiststo

searchremotepartsoftheoceanfornewspecies.（由于它不需要電源，相機(jī)可以連續(xù)運(yùn)行數(shù)周才返回，使科學(xué)

家能夠在海洋的偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)尋找新物種。）”可知，這種攝像機(jī)不需要電源，所以可以節(jié)約能源。綜合以上信息，

該攝像機(jī)既可以自給自足又能節(jié)約能源。故選D項(xiàng)。

3.（2024?湖北武漢?三模）Scientistshavefoundawaytodecode（解碼）astreamofwordsinthebrainusing

MRIscansandartificialintelligence.Thesystemreconstructsthemainpointofwhatapersonhearsorimagines,

ratherthantryingtocopyeachword,ateamreports.4tIfsgettingattheideasbehindthewords,themeaning,says

AlexanderHuth,anauthorofthestudy.”

Previouseffortstodecodelanguagehavereliedonsensorsplaceddirectlyonthesurfaceofthebrain.The

sensorsdetectsignalsinareasinvolvedinexpressingwords.ButtheTexasteam'sapproachisanattemptto

“decodemorefreeformthought,saysMarcelJust,aprofessorofpsychologyatCarnegieMellonUniversity.

Thenewstudycameaboutaspartofanefforttounderstandhowthebrainprocesseslanguage.Researchers

hadthreepeoplespendupto16hourseachinafunctionalMRIscannerwhichdetectssignsofactivityacrossthe

brain.ParticipantsworeheadphonesthatstreamedaudiofromtheInternet.Thosestreamsofwordsproduced

activityalloverthebrain,notjustinareasassociatedwithspeechandlanguage.Afterparticipantslistenedtohours

ofstoriesinthescanner,theMRIdatawassenttoacomputer.Itlearnedtomatchspecificpatternsofbrainactivity

withcertainstreamsofwords.Thencameaparaphrasedversionofwhataparticipantheard.

TheMRIapproachiscurrentlyslowerandlessaccuratethananexperimentalcommunicationsystembeing

developedforparalyzedpeople,wherepeoplegetasheetofelectricalsensorsimplanteddirectlyonthesurfaceof

thebrain.WithanMRI-basedsystem,noonehastogetsurgery.

ButfutureversionsofMRIscanscouldraisemoralquestions."Whatifyoucanreadoutthewordthat

somebodyisjustthinkingintheirhead?That9spotentiallyaharmfulthing."Huthsays.Thistechnologycan'treally

readmindsuncontrollably,though.Itonlyworkswhenaparticipantisactivelycooperatingwithscientists.Still,

systemsthatdecodelanguagecouldsomedaysupportpeoplewhoareunabletospeakbecauseofabraininjuryor

disease.Theyarealsoassistingscientistsinunderstandinghowthebrainprocesseswordsandthoughts.

9.WhatisspecialabouttheTexasteam'sstudy?

A.Braincanbereconstructed.B?Expressioncanbeperfected.

C.Meaningscanbecomprehended.D.Sensorsignalscanbeimproved.

10.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?

A.Theprocessofanexperiment.B.Patternsofbrainactivity.

C.Stepsofwordmatching.D.Thewayofspeechdecoding.

11.WhatcanbeimpliedaboutMRIscansfromthelastparagraph?

A.Theyareadouble-edgedsword.B.Theyarepotentiallyharmfultolife.

C.Theyarehelpfultotreatbraindisease.D.Theyarewellworthresearching.

12.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.ADecoderThatCanReadYourMindB.MRIScanner:Raiseamoralquestion

C.MRIScanner:StillaLongWaytoGoD.ADecoderThatCanConveyMeaning

【答案】9.C10.A11.D12.A

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了科學(xué)家通過(guò)核磁共振掃描和人工智能來(lái)解碼大腦中的單詞流，

這項(xiàng)新研究是為了了解大腦如何處理語(yǔ)言。

9.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中""It'sgettingattheideasbehindthewords,themeaning,saysAlexanderHuth,an

authorofthestudy."（該研究的作者之一亞歷山大?胡特說(shuō)：“這是在理解單詞背后的意思。?和第二段

“Previouseffortstodecodelanguagehavereliedonsensorsplaceddirectlyonthesurfaceofthebrain.Thesensors

detectsignalsinareasinvolvedinexpressingwords.ButtheTexasteam5sapproachisanattemptto"decodemore

freeformthought,saysMarcelJust,aprofessorofpsychologyatCarnegieMellonUniversity.（以前解碼語(yǔ)言的

努力依賴于直接放置在大腦表面的傳感器。傳感器檢測(cè)與表達(dá)單詞有關(guān)的區(qū)域的信號(hào)。但卡耐基梅隆大學(xué)

的心理學(xué)教授馬塞爾?賈斯特說(shuō)，德克薩斯團(tuán)隊(duì)的方法是試圖“解碼更多自由形式的思想可知，德克薩斯

研究小組的研究的特別之處是：?jiǎn)卧~背后的意思可以被理解。故選C。

10.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“Thenewstudycameaboutaspartofanefforttounderstandhowthebrainprocesses

language.Researchershadthreepeoplespendupto16hourseachinafunctionalMRIscannerwhichdetectssigns

ofactivityacrossthebrain.ParticipantsworeheadphonesthatstreamedaudiofromtheInternet.Thosestreamsof

wordsproducedactivityalloverthebrain,notjustinareasassociatedwithspeechandlanguage.Afterparticipants

listenedtohoursofstoriesinthescanner,theMRIdatawassenttoacomputer.Itlearnedtomatchspecificpatterns

ofbrainactivitywithcertainstreamsofwords.Thencameaparaphrasedversionofwhataparticipantheard.（這項(xiàng)

新研究是為了了解大腦如何處理語(yǔ)言。研究人員讓三個(gè)人每人花16個(gè)小時(shí)在功能性核磁共振掃描儀上，以

檢測(cè)大腦活動(dòng)的跡象。參與者戴著耳機(jī)，播放來(lái)自互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的音頻。這些單詞流在整個(gè)大腦中產(chǎn)生活動(dòng)，而

不僅僅是與語(yǔ)音和語(yǔ)言相關(guān)的區(qū)域。參與者在掃描儀中聽了幾個(gè)小時(shí)的故事后，核磁共振成像數(shù)據(jù)被發(fā)送

到電腦上。它學(xué)會(huì)了將特定的大腦活動(dòng)模式與特定的詞匯流相匹配。然后是參與者聽到的內(nèi)容的釋義版本）”

可知，第三段的描寫實(shí)驗(yàn)的過(guò)程。故選A。

11.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Still,systemsthatdecodelanguagecouldsomedaysupportpeoplewhoare

unabletospeakbecauseofabraininjuryordisease.Theyarealsoassistingscientistsinunderstandinghowthe

brainprocesseswordsandthoughts.（盡管如止匕解碼語(yǔ)言的系統(tǒng)有一天可能會(huì)幫助那些因腦損傷或疾病而無(wú)

法說(shuō)話的人。它們還幫助科學(xué)家了解大腦是如何處理文字和思想的）”可知，核磁共振掃描非常值得研究。故

選D。

12.主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是根據(jù)第一段中“Scientistshavefoundawaytodecode（解碼）astreamof

wordsinthebrainusingMRIscansandartificialintelligence.（科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)找到了一種方法，通過(guò)核磁共振掃

描和人工智能來(lái)解碼大腦中的單詞流）”可知，文章主要說(shuō)明了科學(xué)家通過(guò)核磁共振掃描和人工智能來(lái)解碼大

腦中的單詞流，這項(xiàng)新研究是為了了解大腦如何處理語(yǔ)言。可知，A選項(xiàng)“ADecoderThatCanReadYourMind

（一個(gè)能讀懂你的心的解碼器）”最符合題意。故選A。

Naturaldisasterslikeearthquakesandstormscanpulldownbuildingseasily.It*sdifficultforthesearchand

rescueteams（搜救隊(duì)）tofindthosewhoaretrapped（陷于困境）inthefallenbuildings.

Butanunlikelyassistant,mice,isbeingtraineduptohelpout.TheprojectstartedbyBelgianAPOPO,is

planningtotietiny,high-techbackpackstomicetohelpsearchforsurvivors（幸存者）.

“Miceliketoexplore——andthatiskeyforsearchandrescue.saidDonnaKean,ascientistandleaderof

theproject/4Besides,theirsmallsizeandexcellentsenseofsmellmakethemperfectforlocating（定位）thingsin

smallspaces.^^

Themicearebeingtrainedinabasicenvironmentatpresent.Theymustfirstlocatethetarget（目標(biāo)）person

inanemptyroom,pullaswitchthatstartsanalarmontheirclothes,andthenreturnhome,wheretheyaregivena

treat.

Forthenextpartoftraining,Keansaidtheteamwouldcreate"'disaster-similarareas”.Oncethemiceare

confidentintheseareas,theprojectwillmovetoTurkeyforfurtherpreparationinmorerealenvironments.Ifthat

goeswell,themicewouldprobablyenterreal-lifesituations.

Themicearestillintheearlyprogressoftraining.AndAPOPOisworkingwiththeEindhovenUniversityof

Technologytodevelopabackpackwithavideocamera,atwo-waymicrophone,andalocatingtooltohelp

communicatewithsurvivors.

"Togetherwiththebackpackandthetraining,themiceareveryusefulforsearchandrescue,saidKean.

“Evenifourmicefindjustonesurvivor,wewouldbehappytoknowtheyhavemadeadifferencesomewhere.

13.Accordingtothepassage,Whafsthereasonformicetobechosenforsearchandrescue?

①Becausetheirnatureofexploring.

②Becausetheirsmallsizes.

③Becausetheirabilitytosmellsomething.

④Becausetheirperfecteyesightinthedark.

A.①②③B.①③④C.②③④D.①②④

14.Whichparagraphtellshowthemicearetrained?

A.Paragraph1.B.Paragraph2.

C.Paragraph3.D.Paragraph4.

15.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.DonnaKeanisasurvivorinanearthquake.

B.Themicearebeingtrainedinreal-lifesituations.

C.APOPOscientistshaven'tinventedthehigh-techbackpack.

D.Themiceareoftengivenatreatbeforetheycompletethetask.

16.WhatdoesDonnaKeanthinkoftheproject?

A.Nervous.B.Interesting.

C.Hopeful.D.Impossible.

【答案】13.A14.D15.C16.C

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了比利時(shí)APOPO開始了一個(gè)項(xiàng)目，計(jì)劃給老鼠綁上微型高科技背包，

以幫助搜尋幸存者?？茖W(xué)家唐娜?基恩表示，老鼠喜歡探索，體型小且嗅覺(jué)靈敏，非常適合在狹小空間內(nèi)尋

找東西。目前老鼠正在基本環(huán)境中接受訓(xùn)練，而未來(lái)計(jì)劃在類似災(zāi)難的環(huán)境中進(jìn)行更多訓(xùn)練。止匕外，APOPO

還與埃因霍溫科技大學(xué)合作開發(fā)了裝有攝像頭、雙向麥克風(fēng)和定位工具的背包，以幫助與幸存者溝通?？?/p>

學(xué)家認(rèn)為，結(jié)合背包和訓(xùn)練，老鼠對(duì)于搜救工作非常有用。

13.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“"Miceliketoexplore-andthatiskeyforsearchandrescue.^^saidDonnaKean,a

scientistandleaderoftheproject/4Besides,theirsmallsizeandexcellentsenseofsmellmakethemperfectfor

locating（定位）thingsinsmallspaces.""（“老鼠喜歡探索，這是搜救的關(guān)鍵。唐娜,基恩說(shuō)。這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的科學(xué)

家和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者?！按送猓鼈兊捏w積小，嗅覺(jué)靈敏，非常適合在小空間里定位東西?？芍?，根據(jù)文章，選擇

老鼠進(jìn)行搜救的原因是它們喜歡探索，體型較小且嗅覺(jué)靈敏。故選A項(xiàng)。

14.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段“Themicearebeingtrainedinabasicenvironmentatpresent.Theymustfirstlocate

thetarget（目標(biāo)）personinanemptyroom,pullaswitchthatstartsanalarmontheirclothes,andthenreturnhome,

wheretheyaregivenatreat."（這些老鼠正在一個(gè)基本的環(huán)境中接受訓(xùn)練。它們必須首先在一個(gè)空房間里找到

目標(biāo)人物，拉動(dòng)衣服上的開關(guān)，啟動(dòng)警報(bào)，然后回家，在那里它們會(huì)得到獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。）可知，第四段講述了老

鼠是如何被訓(xùn)練的。故選D項(xiàng)。

15.細(xì)節(jié)理解題o根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中"AndAPOPOisworkingwiththeEindhovenUniversityofTechnologyto

developabackpackwithavideocamera,atwo-waymicrophone,andalocatingtooltohelpcommunicatewith

survivors.^^（APOPO正在與埃因霍溫理工大學(xué)合作開發(fā)一種帶有攝像機(jī)、雙向麥克風(fēng)和定位工具的背包，

以幫助與幸存者溝通。）由此可知，該高科技背包還在開發(fā)階段，APOPO的科學(xué)家還未真正地發(fā)明出這種

背包。故選C項(xiàng)。

16.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“"Togetherwiththebackpackandthetraining,themiceareveryusefulforsearch

andrescue,“saidKean."Evenifourmicefindjustonesurvivor,wewouldbehappytoknowtheyhavemadea

differencesomewhere.^^^^（“加上背包和訓(xùn)練，老鼠在搜救中非常有用，”基恩說(shuō)?！凹词刮覀兊睦鲜笾徽业搅?/p>

一個(gè)幸存者，我們也會(huì)很高興知道他們?cè)谀硞€(gè)地方起了作用。”）可推知，唐娜?基恩認(rèn)為這個(gè)項(xiàng)目很有希望。

故選C項(xiàng)。

5.（2024?河南鄭州?三模）Robotsdoinghouseworkisnothingnewwiththelatestachievementsinrobotics.

Recently,arobotcalledMobileAlohacaughttheattentionofmanyatthebeginningof2024,withshortvideosofit

cookingatsomeone5shomebecomingpopularinJanuary.

DevelopedbyateamofresearchersatStanfordUniversityintheUS,therobotcanhandleeverythingfora

dish,whetheritiscuttingvegetablesorcrackingeggs.Italsodoeswellinvarioushouseholdtaskslikewatering

plants,pettingcats,cleaningtheflooranddoingwashing.Itevenknowstoshakethepillow（枕頭）afterputtingon

apillowcase.AnInternetuserjokedunderonevideothataslongasthisthingdoesn'ttrytokillhimwhileheis

asleep,heisinrealneedofit.

However,afollowingvideopostedbyoneoftheresearchers,TonyZhao,andshowingMobileAloha's

failuresprovedthattheideaofhavingarobotservantmayjustbewishfulthinking.Inthevideo,MobileAloha

randomlybrokeglassesandplates,crashedintocupboardsandevenburnedapot.

ItturnsoutthatMobileAlohaisnotacompleteseli-leamingsystemthatcanindependentlydealwithnew

environments.Itreliesondemonstrationsbyhumanoperatorsinitssurroundings,meaningthattherobotneedsto

learnfromhumanbehaviorbeforecompletingeachtask.Also,accordingtotheteam,therobotachievesa95%

successrateinremovingredwinestains。虧漬），80%inpushingchairs,andamere40%infryingshrimp.Inshort,

ifsfarfromperfect.

ThebehavioralproblemsofAIrobotshavebeenbotheringscientistsfordecades.AlthoughAIrobotsdo

prettywellinthingsrequiringhigh-levelreasoninglikemath,theyperformworsethanaone-year-oldchildwhenit

comestosimpletasksdemandingabilitiesofsense,reflexes（本能反應(yīng)）andmobility,amongothers.

Astheteamobserved,theinteractionbetweenthearmandthebaseofMobileAlohawouldgetquite

complexifmoreflexibilityisrequiredinatask.Evenaslightdeviation（偏差）inthebasesettingsmightleadto

significantdriftinthearms,motions,resultinginfailuretocompletethetask.

17.WhatcanbeknownaboutMobileAlohaaccordingtoparagraph2?

A.Itsellswellamonghousewives.B.Itcanhelponetodohousework.

C.ItwasdevelopedbyITscientists.D.ItisbadlyneededbyInternetusers.

18.WhyisTonyZhao'svideoaboutMobileAlohamentioned?

A.Toproveitsonlinepopularity.B.Todisplayitspowerfulfunctions.

C.Toshowitneedsfurtherimprovement.D.Tosuggestitshouldworkunderone'shelp.

19.HowcanMobileAlohabestcompleteanewtask?

A.Byoperatingindependently.B.Bycopyinghumans9behavior.

C.Bylearningfromprevioustasks.D.Byturningtoprogrammersforhelp.

20.WhichtypeoftaskmayAIrobotsbepoorat?

A.Deeplearning.B.Precisecalculation.

C.Logicalthinking.D.Behavioralflexibility.

【答案】17.B18.C19.B20.D

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。最近，一個(gè)名為MobileAloha的機(jī)器人在2024年初引起了許多人的注意，它在

某人家里做飯的短視頻在1月份變得流行起來(lái)。文章對(duì)這款智能機(jī)器人進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)介紹。

17.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段前三句"DevelopedbyateamofresearchersatStanfordUniversityintheUS,the

robotcanhandleeverythingforadish,whetheritiscuttingvegetablesorcrackingeggs.Italsodoeswellinvarious

householdtaskslikewateringplants,pettingcats,cleaningtheflooranddoingwashing.Itevenknowstoshakethe

pillow（枕頭）afterputtingonapillowcase.（這款機(jī)器人由美國(guó)斯坦福大學(xué)的一組研究人員開發(fā)，它可以處理一

道菜的所有事情，無(wú)論是切蔬菜還是打雞蛋。它也可以勝任各種家務(wù)，比如給植物澆水、撫摸貓、打掃地

板和洗衣服。它甚至?xí)谔咨险硖缀髶u晃枕頭。）”可知，MobileAloha可以幫忙做家務(wù)。故選B。

18.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第一句"However,afollowingvideopostedbyoneoftheresearchers,TonyZhao,

andshowingMobileAloha5sfailuresprovedthattheideaofhavingarobotservantmayjustbewishful

thinking.（然而，研究人員TonyZhao發(fā)布的一段視頻顯示，MobileAloha的失敗證明，擁有機(jī)器人仆人的想

法可能只是一廂情愿。）”可知，提到TonyZhao關(guān)于MobileAloha的視頻是為了表明它仍然需要改進(jìn)。故選

Co

19.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段前兩句"ItturnsoutthatMobileAlohaisnotacompleteself-learningsystemthatcan

independentlydealwithnewenvironments.Itreliesondemonstrationsbyhumanoperatorsinitssurroundings,

meaningthattherobotneedstolearnfromhumanbehaviorbeforecompletingeachtask.（事實(shí)證明，MobileAloha

并不是一個(gè)能夠獨(dú)立應(yīng)對(duì)新環(huán)境的完整的自學(xué)習(xí)系統(tǒng)。它依賴于人類操作員在其周圍的演示，這意味著機(jī)

器人在完成每項(xiàng)任務(wù)之前需要從人類的行為中學(xué)習(xí)。）”可知，MobileAloha需要模仿人類的行為才能最好地

完成新任務(wù)。故選B。

20.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句"Astheteamobserved,theinteractionbetweenthearmandthebaseof

MobileAlohawouldgetquitecomplexifmoreflexibilityisrequiredinatask.（正如研究小組所觀察至lj的那樣，如

果在一項(xiàng)任務(wù)中需要更大的靈活性,那么手臂和MobileAloha基座之間的相互作用將變得相當(dāng)復(fù)雜。）”可知，

人工智能機(jī)器人可能不擅長(zhǎng)行為靈活性任務(wù)。故選D。

6.（2024?湖」匕?一模）Tomisanexpertfromaroboticscompanywhocancommunicatesmoothlywithpeople

throughcomputers,phones,andothermeans.However,whenfacingthecrowdonsite,hewillfeeluneasy.His

bossarrangedforTomtoshowcasetotheaudiencetheinnovativeworktheircompanyisdoing.Inresponsetothe

boss5trustinhim,Tombravelybeganpreparingforthismatter.

Oneday,whilewatchingTV,hehappenedtoseeaprogramwheretheventriloquist（腹語(yǔ)術(shù)者）Arthur

interactedwiththeaudiencethroughadummy（假人）toconveyinformation.Thisgavehiminspiration.Thenext

day,hediscussedhisideawithhiscolleaguesinthecompanyandeveryonesupportedhisplan.Onthedayofthe

exhibition,theyarrivedatthesceneearlyandpreparedeverything,althoughTomwasstillabitnervous.

Themuch-anticipatedpresentationstarted.Thepresenterbeganwithalight-heartedjokeandthenproceeded

tosharesomeinterestingfactsaboutRealityRoboticsCompanybeforerevealingtheinnovativeworkthecompany

wasundertaking.Throughoutthepresentation,therewerenopausesorinstancesofTom'sdreadedphrase:"but

whatIreallymeanttosaywas."Theaudiencewasimpressedbytheinnovativeproductthepresenterdescribedand

hopedforademonstrationtoseehoweffectivethenewinventionwas.Asthepresentationdrewtoaclose,the

presentersaidcalmlyandconfidently,"AndnowIwouldliketosharethisstagewiththemanwhoinventedme.^^

Tomwalkedontothestage,lookingexactlylikethepresenter.The"'identicaltwins“tooktheaudienceby

surprise.Tomthenspokeslowly,<4Whatyouhavejustwitnessedisademonstrationofthelatestinventionfromthe

company——apresentationrobot.^^Suddenlyitallclickedandtheaudienceeruptedincheers.Tomthenexplained

howthecompanycreatedsucharobotandprogrammedittospeak."Asyoucouldseeandhear,ithadthe

confidenceIcouldneverexhibitinsuchapresentation.Wecanmodel