專題11 構詞法考點聚焦和精講

構詞法考點聚焦和精講【中考構詞法考點聚焦】1、轉化法；2、派生法；3、合成法；4、截短法(縮略法)；5、混合法(混成法)；6、首尾字母縮略法。英語的構詞法主要有：轉化法、派生法、合成法、截短法(縮略法)、混合法(混成法)和首尾字母縮略法。一轉化法在英語中，有的名詞可作動詞，有的形容詞可作副詞或動詞，這種把一種詞性用作另一種詞性而詞形不變的方法叫做轉化法?？键c1.動詞轉化為名詞：很多動詞可以轉化為名詞，大多意思沒有多大的變化(如下①)；有時意思有一定變化(如下②)；有的與一個動詞和不定冠詞構成短語，表示一個動作(如下③)。演練①Let’sgooutfora.我們到外面去散步吧。②Let’shavea.咱們游泳吧。③Heisamanofstrong.他是一個體格健壯的漢子?？键c2.名詞轉化為動詞：很多表示物件(如下①)，身體部位(如下②)，某類人(如下③)的名詞可以用作動詞來表示動作，某些抽象名詞(如下④)也可作動詞，演練①Didyouaseatontheplane?你訂好飛機座位了嗎？②Pleasemethebook.請把那本書遞給我。③Sheherhusbandbacktohealth.她看護丈夫，使他恢復了健康。④Wetogether.我們在一起吃了午餐?？键c3.形容詞轉化為動詞：有少數(shù)形容詞可以轉化為動詞。演練1.Wewilltryourbesttoourlivingconditions.我們要盡力改善我們的生活狀況。2.Hedownatthecrossroad.他在十字路口減速。3.Pleaseupthecoldmeat.請把冷肉熱一下?？键c4.副詞轉化為動詞：有少數(shù)副詞可轉化為動詞。演練Murderwill.(諺語)惡事終必將敗露?？键c5.形容詞轉化為名詞：表示顏色的形容詞常可轉化為名詞(如下①)；某些形容詞如old,young,poor,rich,wounded,injured等與the連用，表示一類人，做主語時，謂語用復數(shù)(如下②)。演練①Youshouldbedressedinatthefuneral.你在葬禮中該穿黑色衣服。②inourvillagearelivingahappylife.我們村的老年人過著幸福的生活。二派生法在詞根前面加前綴或在詞根后面加后綴構成一個與原單詞意義相近或截然相反的新詞叫做派生法。加在單詞前面的詞綴叫前綴，加在單詞后面的詞綴叫后綴。1.前綴：除少數(shù)前綴外，前綴一般改變單詞的意義，不改變詞性；后綴一般改變詞類，而不引起詞義的變化?？键c（1）表示否定意義的前綴，在單詞的前面加這類前綴常構成與該詞意義相反的新詞。常用的否定前綴有：前綴例詞dis-主要加在名詞、形容詞，動詞之前disappear消失；dislike不喜歡；dishonest不誠實的；disorder混亂，騷亂；disadvantage缺點；dishonorable不光彩的；disagree不同意；dissimilar不同的im-加在字母m,b,p之前impossible不可能的；impolite粗魯?shù)?，無禮的in-常加在形容詞，名詞之前incorrect不正確的；informal非正式的；indirect間接的；inability無能力；inaccurate不準確的mis-加在動詞、名詞前mistake錯誤；misuse錯用misunderstand誤解；misjudge誤判；misfortune不幸；un-主要放于名詞，形容詞，副詞前面unhappy不愉快的；unlucky不幸的；untrue不真實的；unfair不公平的；unknown未知的，陌生的；unable不會/能的；unfriendly不友好的；unhealthy不健康的non-加在形容詞、名詞前non-existence不存在；non-essential非本質(zhì)的，不重要的non-smoker非吸煙者ir-放在以r開頭的英語單詞前面irregular不穩(wěn)固的；irresistable不可抵抗的、irresolvable不能分解的，不能解決的de-加在名詞、形容詞前demobilize遣散，使…復員；decolor脫色，漂白anti-加在名詞、形容詞前邊anti-Japanese抗日戰(zhàn)爭；antigas防毒氣的；antisocial反社會的counter-加在名詞、動詞前counterattack反攻，反擊；counteract抵抗阻礙；counterrevolution反革命il-主要加在以1開頭的單詞的前邊illegal非法的；illiterate文盲的沒有文化的；illogical不合邏輯的考點（2）表示其他意義的前綴常用的有：前綴例詞a-多構成表語形容詞alone單獨的；asleep睡著的；awake醒著的auto-表示“自動”autochart自動圖表；autobiography自傳；Autonomous自治的co-表示“共同”cooperate合作；co-worker同事down-表示“往下”download下載；downstairs下樓en-表示“使……”enjoy使高興；endanger（使）遇危險；enlarge變大；enable（使）能夠fore-表示“前的”forehead額頭；foresee預見inter-表示“互相，在……之間”internet互聯(lián)網(wǎng)；international國際的kilo-表示“千”kilometre千米，公里；kilogram千克，公斤man-表示“人，由人”man-made人造的，人工的，合成的mid-表示“中間的”midnight午夜；mid-autumn中秋micro-表示“微觀的，小的”microfilm縮微膠卷；microphone話筒；micro-economy微觀經(jīng)濟re-表示“重新，再；又”reuse再用；retell復述；rewrite重寫；rebuild重建sub-表示“下面的；次；小”subway地鐵；subconscious下（潛）意識；submarine潛艇super-表示“超級的”superman超人；supermarket超市；supergirl超級女孩tele-表示“遠的，電信的（強調(diào)距離）”telephone電話；telegraph；電報；telescope望遠鏡；television電視2.后綴：英語單詞不僅可以通過加前綴構成新詞，也可加后綴構成新詞。后綴通常會改變單詞的詞性，構成意義相近的其他詞性；少數(shù)后綴還會改變詞義，變?yōu)榕c原來詞義相反的新詞。考點（1）構成名詞的后綴常用的有后綴例詞-(a)n表示“某國人”Australian澳大利亞人；Italian意大利人；Canadian加拿大人；European歐洲人-ance,-ence表示“性質(zhì)，程度”attendance出勤率；acceptance接受；assistance幫助；dependence依靠-ce表示“性質(zhì)，程度”difference不同之處；importance重要性；patience耐性；-ese表示“某國人”Japanese日本人；Chinese中國人；Vietnamese越南人-ess表示“雌性”actress女演員；lioness母獅子-(e)r表示“從事某事的人”teacher教師；singer歌手；driver司機；writer作家；runner跑步者；winner勝利者-ful表示某容器的容量handful一把的；mouthful一口之量的；glassful一杯之量的-hood表示關系或抽象意義motherhood母親身份；childhood童年；girlhood少女時代；neighborhood鄰居-ian表示“精通……的人”musician音樂家-ing表示“動作的過程，結果”feeling感覺，觸覺；感情，情緒；reading閱讀，朗讀；讀物；building建筑；建筑物-ion,-sion,-tion,-ation,-ition，表示“行為的過程，結果，狀況”action行動；solution解決方案；conclusion結論；結局；expression表達；correction改正，修正；pronunciation發(fā)音；讀法；invitation邀請；decision決定；discussion討論-ist表示“專業(yè)人員”pianist鋼琴家；scientist科學家；artist藝術家；typist打字員；violinist小提琴家-ment表示“性質(zhì)；狀態(tài)”agreement

協(xié)議；movement運動；development發(fā)展；punishment懲罰-ness表示“性質(zhì)；狀態(tài)”happiness幸福；business事務；illness疾??；sadness悲痛；kindness和藹；greatness偉大-or表示“從事某事的人”actor演員；sailor海員；visitor訪問者，參觀者；inventor發(fā)明家/人；創(chuàng)造者-ship表示狀態(tài)、抽象概念friendship友誼；membership會員資格；leadership領導權；relationship關系-thwarmth溫暖；truth真理；length長度；youth青年；death死亡；growth成長-ty表示特性或情況difficulty困難；safety安全；beauty美人；ability能力-ure表示“行為，結果”failure失??；故障；pleasure快樂；希望；娛樂；令人高興的事考點（2）構成動詞的后綴常用的有后綴例詞-(e)n多用于形容詞名詞后變動詞“使得，變得”widen加寬；sharpen

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；變尖；loosen使松散；strengthen加強；lessen減少-fy表示“使……化”beautify美化；purify提純-ize表示“使……成為”realize意識到；organize組織考點（3）構成形容詞的后綴常用的有后綴例詞-able表示“有能力的”reasonable有道理的；eatable能吃的；enjoyable令人愉快的-alnatural自然的；national民族的，國家的；-an/ian表示“某國(人)的”American美國（人）的；Australian澳大利亞（人）的；Indian印度（人）的-edmoved受感動的-en多用于表示材料的名詞后“由……構成的”woolen羊毛的；羊毛制的；golden金的；wooden木制的；frighten恐嚇-ent/-antpleasant令人愉快的；dependent依賴的；different不同的-ern表示“方向的”eastern東方的；southern南方的；northern北方的western西方的-ese表示“某國人的”Chinese中國人的；Japanese日本人的-fulbeautiful美麗的；careful小心的；powerful強大的；colorful多彩的-ingmoving感動的；encouraging鼓舞人心的；exciting令人激動的；interesting有趣的-(ic)alelectric/electrical電的；historic有歷史性的；economical經(jīng)濟的；political政治的；scientific科學的-ishchildish孩子氣的；selfish自私的；womanish像女人的；bookish書呆子氣的-iveactive積極的，collective集體的

；decisive決定性的；native本國的-less表示“否定”careless

粗心的；useless無用的；hopeless希望渺茫的；countless不可數(shù)的；helpless無助的-like表示“像……的”girllike像女孩一樣的；boylike像男孩一樣的；motherlike像母親一樣的-lyfriendly友好的；yearly每年的；monthly每月的，weekly每周的；lovely可愛的；lively活潑的-ousfamous著名的；continuous連續(xù)不斷的；delicious可口的-somehandsome英俊的，大方的；gladsome愉快的；tiresome疲憊的；lonesome孤獨的-(t)ythirsty口渴的；noisy喧鬧的；healthy健康的-y表示“天氣”snowy雪的；rainy下雨的；cloudy多云的；dusty多塵的【注意】后綴詞-ing與-ed的區(qū)別：加-ing的后綴詞形容詞主語一般為物，表示“令人……的”；加-ed的后綴詞形容詞，主語一般為人，表示“某人感到……”。如：Themoviewasveryinteresting.Allofuswereinterestedinit.那部電影很有趣。我們所有的人都對它感興趣。（interesting指的是電影有興趣，而interested指的是人對電影感興趣）考點（4）構成副詞的常用后綴有后綴例詞-ly主要用于形容詞之后表示方式或程度angrily生氣地；slowly慢慢地，beautifully美麗地；terribly可怕地-ward(s)主要用于表示方位的詞之后表示方向towards朝……，向……；eastward向東方地；backwards向后退地；upwards向上地；westward向西地；homeward向家去地-wiseotherwise否則；likewise同樣地；clockwise順時針方向地；考點（5）構成數(shù)詞的后綴有后綴例詞-teen(十幾)thirteen三十；fourteen十四；fifteen十五；sixteen十六；eighteen十八；nineteen十九-ty(幾十)twenty二十；thirty三十；forty四十；fifty五十；sixty六十；eighty八十nine→ninety九十-th(構成序數(shù)詞)fifth第五；sixth第六；sixteenth第十六；fortieth第四十；twenty-first第二十一三合成法考點1．合成名詞⑴名詞＋名詞：weekend；⑵名詞＋動詞：daybreak；⑶動名詞＋名詞：reading-room；⑷代詞＋名詞：she-wolf；⑸動詞＋名詞：typewriter；⑹名詞＋及物動詞＋er/or：pain-killer；⑺形容詞＋名詞：gentleman；⑻介詞＋名詞：afternoon；⑼現(xiàn)在分詞＋名詞：flying-fish；⑽副詞＋動詞：outbreak；⑾名詞＋動名詞：handwriting；⑿名詞＋介詞＋名詞：editor-in-chief；考點2．合成形容詞⑴名詞＋形容詞snow-white⑵名詞＋現(xiàn)在分詞English-speaking⑶名詞＋to＋名詞face-to-face⑷名詞＋過去分詞man-made⑸數(shù)詞＋名詞one-way⑹數(shù)詞＋名詞＋形容詞two-year-old⑺數(shù)詞＋名詞＋edfive-storeyed⑻動詞＋副詞see-through⑼形容詞＋名詞high-class⑽形容詞＋名詞＋ednoble-minded⑾形容詞＋形容詞light-blue⑿形容詞＋現(xiàn)在分詞good-looking⒀副詞＋形容詞ever-green⒁副詞＋現(xiàn)在分詞hard-working⒂副詞＋過去分詞well-known⒃副詞＋名詞fast-food⒄介詞＋名詞downhill考點3．合成動詞：⑴名詞＋動詞sleep-walk⑵形容詞＋動詞white-wash⑶副詞＋動詞overthrow考點4．合成副詞：⑴形容詞＋名詞hotfoot⑵形容詞＋副詞everywhere⑶副詞＋副詞however⑷介詞＋名詞beforehand⑸介詞＋副詞forever考點5．合成代詞⑴代詞賓格＋selfherself⑵物主代詞＋selfmyself⑶形容詞＋名詞anything考點6．合成介詞⑴副詞＋名詞inside⑵介詞＋副詞within⑶副詞＋介詞into考點四截短法(縮略法)截短法，即將單詞縮寫，詞義和詞性保持不變，主要有截頭、去尾、截頭去尾等形式?？键c1．截頭：telephone→phone;aeroplane→plane;omnibus→bus考點2．去尾：mathematics→maths;co-operate→co-op;examination→exam;kilogram→kilo;laboratory→lab;taxicab→taxi;Monday→Mon.;January→Jan.考點3．截頭去尾：influenza→flu;refrigerator→fridge;prescription→script考點五混合法(混成法)混合法是將兩個詞混合或各取一部分緊縮而成一個新詞。后半部分表示主體；前半部分表示屬性。如：newsbroadcast→newscast新聞廣播；televisionbroadcast→telecast電視播送；smokeandfog→smog煙霧；helicopterairport→heliport直升飛機場?？键c六首尾字母縮略法首尾字母縮略法，即用單詞首尾字母組成一個新詞。讀音主要有兩種形式，即各字母分別讀音；作為一個單詞讀音。如：veryimportantperson→VIP(讀字母音)要人；大人物；television→TV(讀字母音)電視；TestingofEnglishasaForeignLanguage→TOEFL托福；NorthAtlanticTreatyOrganization→Nato北大西洋公約組織；saveourship→SOS國際呼救信號；WorldTradeOrganization→WTO世界貿(mào)易組織演練一．詞形變換1．Itis___________(polite)topointatotherswheneatingthings.2．Iacceptedan_____________(invite)tothemeetingfrommyboss.3．QianXuesenbecame_____________(interest)insciencewhenhewasayoungboy.4．(2021·鹽城)Choose_________(wise)howyouspendyoursparetimeandwithwhomyouspendit.5．Youmustbe__________(patience)withyourstudents.6．Ourgeographyteacherhelpsusknowmoreaboutthe__________(nature)world.7．Itis____________(danger)foragirltogooutaloneatnight.8．IwonderifIshouldtellherthe_______(true)．9.Takethemedicine______adaybeforemeals,theyouwillbebetter.(two)10.Doyouknowthe______betweenthetwinsinfrontofyou?(different)11.EveryoneinourschoolhopeZhongNanshanworkslessandlives______.(health)12.Ofallthelanguages,whichdoyouthinkis______.(difficult)13.Whenpeoplehavedifficulty___________(solve)theproblems,mostofthemoftenkeepinsilence.14.Timisagoodboyboy.Heisalways___________(friend)tohisclassmates.15.Atthe______oftheclass,MrTangtoldusthatYuanLongpingpassedawayyesterday.(begin)16.Youshouldbrushyour______twiceadaytokeepthemhealthy.(tooth)17.It’svery______foradogtocrossabusystreet.(danger)18.Jane’smotherlookedtiredand______.Whathappenedtoher?(worry)19.Idon’tbelieveitisthe__________.Somethingmustbehidden.(true)20.Mydeskmatelooked_____________,forhefailedintheEnglishtest.(happy)21.Theyoungladylooked____________atmebecauseIusedherpenjustnow.(angry)22.Everyoneistryinghisbesttosolvethe________problems.(environment)23.It’sreally________forhimtogetthereontimebecausehecouldn’tcatchupwiththelasttrain.(possible)24.Theoldmanlikestolivealone.Everydayhereadsnewspaper________inthegarden.(quiet)25.Heisagreatscientistfrom_________.(German)26.Thegirlisthemost__________memberintheschooldancinggroup.(act)27.IamnotusedtotheweatherinGuangxi.Itis__________.(change)28.________,Ihavejustgotenoughmoneytobuythenewbooks.(lucky)29.Stayingupatnightis__________toourhealth.(harm)30.Theywillfindsomesuitablewaystohelpthose___________(home)people31.Thechildrenoftenget_______(noise)intheclassroomafterclass.32.Sometimeshespendshisweekend________(fish),sohiswifeisalwaysangrywithhim.33.Several_______(foreign)cametovisitourschoollastweek,soIhadachancetotalkwiththem.34.Ithinktheredskirtlooksas______(good)asthegreenone.35.Johnjustgothis_____(driver)license.However,noonedarestogetonhiscar.36.Look!MrsGreenisthere.Let’sgoandsayhelloto______(she)?37.Mydadroften_____(enjoy)theTVplaysintheevening.38.Talkingloudlyinalibraryisvery______(polite).39.Aftertwohours’discussion,they______________(final)reachedanagreement.40.Usuallynewsare________________(record)firstandsentoutlater.41.Johnlooksathiswatchfromtimetotime.Whyisheso________________(patient)?42.Howluckythe______________(win)ofthegameshowis!Aseven-daytripabroadforfree!43.Thepartyyesterdaywasabig__________(succeed).Everyonehadagoodtime.二根據(jù)句子意思，用括號中所給英語單詞的適當形式填空。（一）1.EvenachildknowsSeptemberisthe______monthofayear.（nine）2.Ournotebookcomputer______5poundsandcostsabout$2,000.（weigh）3.YesterdayI______anewdressattheMacy’sformymum.（buy）4.Ididn’twanttobetreated______fromanyoneelse.（different）5.Shewas______inthekitchenwhenthelightwentout.（serve）（二）1.He______(be)avolunteerinYa-an,Sichuansincetheearthquakehappened.2.Mr.Jiangisalearnedperson,andhehaslotsof______(know).3.Thelittlegirlisverykindandshealwaystalkstopeople______(polite).4.Allthe_____(village)livingconditionshavegreatlyinrecentyears.5.Myteacherdidwhathecould______(make)hisclasslively.（三）1.How__________(care)youare!You’veknockedthecupoffthetableagain!2.Jasondidn’thearthering,forhe_________(water)theflowersinthebackyard.3.DoesGoldTheatrehave___________(comfort)seatsofthefiveinyourcity?4.NowMomfeelsmuchbetteraftertakingthe_________(medical).5.Alittlebird__________(fly)inthroughtheopenwindowandshesetitfreeatonce.（四）1.Atweekends,Nancyenjoys______(read)comicbooksathome.2.—Wildanimalsareourfriends.—Iagreewithyou.Wemust______(treat)themwithkindness.3.—WhereisPetrfrom?—HeisFrench,ifIremember______(correct).4.—Thispairofshoesistootight.CouldItryapairina______(big)size?—Ofcourse.Hereyouare.5.—Paul,pleasee-mailmethose______(professor)weeklyreportsassoonaspossible.—OK!Noproblem.6.Stephenisamemberofan______(organize)whichprotectsriversandlakesinChina.（五）1.TheInternetis_______(wide)usedinmostfamiliesinourcountrytoday.2.Thise-dictionarydoesn’tbelongto________(I).It’sSandy’s.3.________(child)Dayismyfavouritefestivalintheyear.4.Ithinkthisproblemismuch________(easy)thanthatone.5.I’mlookingforwardto________(meet)myoldfriend,Jim,thisSunday.6.Wewon’tgoforapicnicifit________(rain)thisweekend.7.It’snecessaryforus________(understand)theimportanceofhealthcare.8.Ayear________(divide)intotwelvedifferentstarsignsinsomeWesterncountries.（六）1.Hehasmuch______(interesting)incollectingstamps.2.Believein______(you),Tony,andyouaresuretosucceed.3.Ifoundsomethingimportantin______(today)newspaper.4.Moretreesandflowersshould______(plant)tomakeourhometownbeautiful.5.Don’tworry,Kitty.Withourhelp,youwilldomuch______(well)nexttime.6.Moreandmorepeopleintheworldare______(begin)tolearnMandarin(普通話).7.It’ssucha______(wonder)songthatwealllikeit.8.YaoMingisoneofthemostpopularbasketball______(play)aroundtheworld.9.Bothcoatslookniceonme.Ireallydon’tknowwhich______(choose).10.IsawourmathteachertalkingwithJohnwhenI______(pass)hisoffice.（七）1.Alargenumberof_____(foreign)visitGuizhouprovincetheseyears.2.Thankgoodness!TheletterIwaslookingforwardto_____(reach)meatlast.3.HainanIslandisa______(wonder)placetospendsummer.4.Thedinnerroommust_____(clean)threetimesaday.5.Mycousinisusedto_______(study)withhisnewfriendsinAustralia.（八）1.Afriendof(I)isgettingmarriednextmonth.2.Janewouldliketoliveonthe(three)floor.3.Theactressisinherforties.Ithoughtshewasmuch(young)!4.Themanwasbreathing(heavy)andhadbloodonhisshirt.5.Everyyearalotof(tour)gotoBeijingtoseetheGreatWall.（九）1._______abiketothesidemustbealotmorefun.Ican'twait.(ride)2.Itis______formetodotoomanythingsintwodays.Canyouhelpme?(possible)3.—“Who'sthatgirloverthere?”—“She'sSusan,afriendof_____”(I)4.Bradismyyoungerbrother.Hehadaspecialpartyforhis_____birthdayyesterday.(five)5.LotsofpeoplesurftheInternettolookforsome______aboutthemissingplane.(information)（十）1.Thereare(seventh)smallapplesinthebowl.2.Monaalsoboughtanalarmclockyesterday.Icomparedmyalarmclockwith(her).3.Everyoneknowsthat(library)areplacesforpeopletostudy.4.Listen.Doyouhearthesoundofbirdsoutside?Thankstoyourears,youcanhearit______(clear).5.It6.Histwodaughtersarevery(difference)fromeachother.7.The(win)ofthephotocompetitionwasa30-year-oldmanfromShanghai.8.MrSmithandhissonusedtosmoke,butthey(like)smokingnowbecausetheythinkit’sunhealthy.（十一）1.Eatingtoomuchsweetisbadforyour_________(tooth).2.Heisa_________(honest)boysoweseldombelievewhathesays.3.WeChinesewillcelebratethe_____(ninety)birthdayoftheChineseCommunistParty(中國共產(chǎn)黨)inmanyways.4.Inthemodernworld,peopleoftencontacteachotherby_______(send)e-mails.5.Tokeephealthy,Idecide______(exercise)halfanhoureveryday.6.Whentraveling,you’dbettertakeamapwith________(you).7.ThestudentsinClass2arehavinga_________(discuss)abouthowtoachieveabalancebetweenstudyandplay.8.Thoughsheansweredtheteacher’squestions_________(incorrect),theteacherdidn’tblameher.9.Moreandmorepeoplehavetheirowncars.That’swhythere’s________(heavy)trafficthanbefore.10.—Whyareyousohappytoday?—BecauseI_____(win)thebadmintonmatch.（十二）1.Papermakingisagreat______(invent)ofancientChina.2.Mydreamistobeafamousdoctorandsavepatients'______(life).3.Thelittleboyisso______(care)thatheoftenleaveshishomeworkathome.4.TheCDcanhelpyouknow______(wide)theknowledgeofgeography.5.It'sreportedthatthehaze（霧霾）inFebruary,2014isthe______(serious)onetheseyearsinChina.6.Oh,dear!Myiphonedoesn'twork.Wouldyoupleaselendme______(you)?7.Ourteachersoftentellus______(calm)downfirstwhenweareindanger.8.There______(be)anEnglishSummerCampnextmonth.Comeandjoinus.9.China_______(send)upseveralShenzhoumannedspacecraftintospacesince2003.10.TheTVprogramSuperBrain（最強大腦）issofantasticthatitiswellworth______(watch)．（十三）1.—CanyoutellmesomethingaboutThanksgivingDay?—Itcomesonthe(four)ThursdayinNovemberintheUSA.2.—CanheaskMr.Blackforhelp?—Sorry.Heshouldsolvetheproblemby(he).3.—Joe,wouldyoupleasedrivealittle(fast)thanbefore?—Nohurry.Wehaveenoughtimebeforethetrainleaves.4.—Howmany(visit)cometoJingzhoueveryyear?—Morethanonemillion,Ithink.5.—Whatdoyouthinkofthatcleverboy?—Heisavery(succeed)student,becauseheisinterestedinstudy.（十四）1.The______SundayinMayisMother'sDay.(two)2.Theteachertoldusnottogo______aloneintheriver,(swim)3.Iwanttobean______whenIgrowup.(invent)4.Shoutinginpublicis______.(polite)5.Weare______aboutthegoodnews.(excite)6.The______weexercise,thehealthierwe'llget.(much)7.Itis______thatmanydrinksarebadforourhealth,(say)8.Asastudent,weshouldlistentoteachers______.(careful)9.Itisverycoldoutside.Youhadbetter______onacoat,(put)10.Hetoldmehe______gototheGreatWalltomorrow,(will)（十五）1.Myfamilyliveonthe（five）floorofthetallbuilding.2.SimonandLindadidn'ttellusthenews.Theywantedtokeepthesecretto（they）.3.Young（read）arecrazyaboutGuoJingming'sbooks.4.Listen!Thelovelybirdsaresingingnicelyand（soft）inthetrees.5.Rickyhada（please）triptoLushanMountainlastspring.（十六）1.IfSimon_______(have)timenextweekend,hewillgotothezoo.2.How_______(care)youare!You’veknockedthecupoffthetableagain!3.Yesterdaywasthe_______(hot)dayoftheyear.4.Itseemedthatthevictimhadmany______(enemy).5.I’mpatient.Idon’tmind_______(wait)forpeople.（十七）1.Thechildrenoftenget_______(noise)intheclassroomafterclass.2.Sometimeshespendshisweekend________(fish).3.Several_______(foreign)cametovisitourschoollastweek.4.Ithinktheredskirtlooksas______(good)asthegreenone.5.Johnjustgothis_____(driver)license.6.Look!MrsLiisthere.Let’sgoandsayhelloto______(she)?7.Mymotheroften_____(enjoy)theTVplaysintheevening.8.Talkingloudlyinalibraryisvery______(polite).（十八）1.Theyaretryingtodosomething______(help)theold.2.Sallyprefersstayingathometo______(go)outonSundays.3.Howisyouruncle?Pleasesayhelloto____(he)forme.4.Nancyistooyoungtolookafter_______(she).Don’tleaveheralone.5.Recentlythedrought(干旱)isseriousinthe______(south)partofChina.6.Todaymoststudentscangotohighschoolforfurther_______(educate)inourcountry.7.We’redoingalotofactivitiestocelebratethe_____(ninety)birthdayoftheCommunistPartyofChina(中國共產(chǎn)黨)thisyear.（十九）1.Whatshouldwedotohelpthe_______(home)peopleaftertheearthquake?2.Wedolotsofoutdoor_______(active)whenspringcomes.3.BythetimeIgotoutside,theschoolbus_______(leave).4.Timwasseen______(get)outofthesubwayatthestationonCentreStreet.5.I’veboughtapresentformyfather’s______(forty)birthday.（二十）1.Youcanmakea______(choose)amongthoseprogrammes.2.Thelittlegirlcameherebytrainallby______(she).3.Theladylooksmuchyoungerinthis______(fashion)dress.4.Ofthewintersinrecentyears,lastwinterwasthe______(dry)one.5.Thedoctorsinthehospitalaretryinganew______(treat)forcancer.（二十一）1.Climbuptothe_____floor,andyoucanenjoyabetterview.(eleven)2._____,Gracemadeuphermindtoliveabroadwithherdaughter.(final)3.Itisavery_____bookforlanguagelearnerstoimprovewritingskills.(use)4.Don'tworryaboutyourson.Heisoldenoughtobeindependentandliveby_____.(he)5.ThemovieKungfupanda11issureto_____alargenumberofteenagers.(attractive)6.Ifyoudon’tgoonadiet,itis_____foryoutoloseweight.(possible)7.Thelocalpeoplehadtomoveawaybecauseoftheserious_____.(pollute)8.Thegreat_____gavehisfirstshowinShanghaiandtheticketssoldoutinminutes.(art)（二十二）1.Thetwinbrothersalwayskeep______(argue)aboutwhatTVprogrammestowatch.2.It’seasyforlocalpeople______(choose)variousgoodsinSunnysideShoppingMall.3.Studentsinsomejuniorschoolscan______(learn)toplaytennisorbaseballinPElessons.4.TheBrucefamilyhadtogiveupcampinginthePurpleMountainonsucha______(fog)day.5.Manystudentsare______(happy)withtoomuchhomework.Theyneedmoretimefortheirhobbies.（二十三）1.He_____(weight)only70kilosnowaftertakingabalanceddiet.2.Sometimes,bodylanguageincommunicationisawonderfulway_____(express)ourselves.3.ThereisnodoubtthatMoyanisagreat_____(succeed)withNobelPrize.4.Thegovernmentshouldencouragesocialgroupstocareforthedisabledwho______(have)difficultyinlife.5.Thesongs_____(full)ofstrongfeelingsremindusofthe“goodolddays”.6.Someinventionsthatledtothecolorfulmoviesareonshow,_____(include)cameras.（二十四）1.Therewillbeacompositioncontestnamed“MyGoodTeacher”tocelebratethe________(30)Teachers’Day.2.WhenTomwasyoung,hisparentsweresobusythattheyalwayslefthimaloneby_____(he).3.Therearesix__________(French)talkingloudlyintheroom.4.Itrains____________(heavy)inGuizhouwhenthepeachesandplumarereadytoeatJune.5.The________(deep)youareinunderstanding,thebetteryou’llbeinyourwork.6.Thecook_________(cut)upthebananasandmixeditwithmilk.Themilkshaketastedverydelicious.7.Let’sstop_______(exercise)unhealthily,andwecanmakeabetterlife.8.Hedoeshisbestinorderthatthebookscan________(sell)out.9.Weshouldbebravewhenwemeetillnessand__________(difficult).10.Itis_______(luck)forhimtolosehiswalletandcellphoneontheplayground.（二十五）1.JustinBieber′sfirstsingle,OneTime,isaboutoneofhisfavourite______(topic),puppyl2.Thefirstcomputerswerebuiltinthe1940s,Theywereeven______(big)thancars.3.Healthyfoodandplentyofvitaminsaregoodforyourmemorytowork_____(proper).4.Igotanewbicyclefrommyfatheronmy(sixteen)birthday.Ilikeitverymuch.5.NiushouHillisanareaofnatural______(beautiful).Itattractslotsoftouristseveryspring.6.Wearingasmileonyourfacenotonlyhelpsyoumakefriendsbutalsomakesyou(feel)better.

構詞法考點聚焦和精講【中考構詞法考點聚焦】1、轉化法；2、派生法；3、合成法；4、截短法(縮略法)；5、混合法(混成法)；6、首尾字母縮略法。英語的構詞法主要有：轉化法、派生法、合成法、截短法(縮略法)、混合法(混成法)和首尾字母縮略法。一轉化法在英語中，有的名詞可作動詞，有的形容詞可作副詞或動詞，這種把一種詞性用作另一種詞性而詞形不變的方法叫做轉化法?？键c1.動詞轉化為名詞：很多動詞可以轉化為名詞，大多意思沒有多大的變化(如下①)；有時意思有一定變化(如下②)；有的與一個動詞和不定冠詞構成短語，表示一個動作(如下③)。演練①Let’sgooutforawalk.我們到外面去散步吧。②Let’shaveaswim.咱們游泳吧。③Heisamanofstrongbuild.他是一個體格健壯的漢子。考點2.名詞轉化為動詞：很多表示物件(如下①)，身體部位(如下②)，某類人(如下③)的名詞可以用作動詞來表示動作，某些抽象名詞(如下④)也可作動詞，演練①Didyoubookaseatontheplane?你訂好飛機座位了嗎？②Pleasehandmethebook.請把那本書遞給我。③Shenursedherhusbandbacktohealth.她看護丈夫，使他恢復了健康。④Welunchedtogether.我們在一起吃了午餐?？键c3.形容詞轉化為動詞：有少數(shù)形容詞可以轉化為動詞。演練1.Wewilltryourbesttobetterourlivingconditions.我們要盡力改善我們的生活狀況。2.Hesloweddownatthecrossroad.他在十字路口減速。3.Pleasewarmupthecoldmeat.請把冷肉熱一下?？键c4.副詞轉化為動詞：有少數(shù)副詞可轉化為動詞。演練Murderwillout.(諺語)惡事終必將敗露?？键c5.形容詞轉化為名詞：表示顏色的形容詞?？赊D化為名詞(如下①)；某些形容詞如old,young,poor,rich,wounded,injured等與the連用，表示一類人，做主語時，謂語用復數(shù)(如下②)。演練①Youshouldbedressedinblackatthefuneral.你在葬禮中該穿黑色衣服。②Theoldinourvillagearelivingahappylife.我們村的老年人過著幸福的生活。二派生法在詞根前面加前綴或在詞根后面加后綴構成一個與原單詞意義相近或截然相反的新詞叫做派生法。加在單詞前面的詞綴叫前綴，加在單詞后面的詞綴叫后綴。1.前綴：除少數(shù)前綴外，前綴一般改變單詞的意義，不改變詞性；后綴一般改變詞類，而不引起詞義的變化?？键c（1）表示否定意義的前綴，在單詞的前面加這類前綴常構成與該詞意義相反的新詞。常用的否定前綴有：前綴例詞dis-主要加在名詞、形容詞，動詞之前disappear消失；dislike不喜歡；dishonest不誠實的；disorder混亂，騷亂；disadvantage缺點；dishonorable不光彩的；disagree不同意；dissimilar不同的im-加在字母m,b,p之前impossible不可能的；impolite粗魯?shù)?，無禮的in-常加在形容詞，名詞之前incorrect不正確的；informal非正式的；indirect間接的；inability無能力；inaccurate不準確的mis-加在動詞、名詞前mistake錯誤；misuse錯用misunderstand誤解；misjudge誤判；misfortune不幸；un-主要放于名詞，形容詞，副詞前面unhappy不愉快的；unlucky不幸的；untrue不真實的；unfair不公平的；unknown未知的，陌生的；unable不會/能的；unfriendly不友好的；unhealthy不健康的non-加在形容詞、名詞前non-existence不存在；non-essential非本質(zhì)的，不重要的non-smoker非吸煙者ir-放在以r開頭的英語單詞前面irregular不穩(wěn)固的；irresistable不可抵抗的、irresolvable不能分解的，不能解決的de-加在名詞、形容詞前demobilize遣散，使…復員；decolor脫色，漂白anti-加在名詞、形容詞前邊anti-Japanese抗日戰(zhàn)爭；antigas防毒氣的；antisocial反社會的counter-加在名詞、動詞前counterattack反攻，反擊；counteract抵抗阻礙；counterrevolution反革命il-主要加在以1開頭的單詞的前邊illegal非法的；illiterate文盲的沒有文化的；illogical不合邏輯的考點（2）表示其他意義的前綴常用的有：前綴例詞a-多構成表語形容詞alone單獨的；asleep睡著的；awake醒著的auto-表示“自動”autochart自動圖表；autobiography自傳；Autonomous自治的co-表示“共同”cooperate合作；co-worker同事down-表示“往下”download下載；downstairs下樓en-表示“使……”enjoy使高興；endanger（使）遇危險；enlarge變大；enable（使）能夠fore-表示“前的”forehead額頭；foresee預見inter-表示“互相，在……之間”internet互聯(lián)網(wǎng)；international國際的kilo-表示“千”kilometre千米，公里；kilogram千克，公斤man-表示“人，由人”man-made人造的，人工的，合成的mid-表示“中間的”midnight午夜；mid-autumn中秋micro-表示“微觀的，小的”microfilm縮微膠卷；microphone話筒；micro-economy微觀經(jīng)濟re-表示“重新，再；又”reuse再用；retel