大學英語六級考試模擬試卷十一（帶答案）

大學英語六級考試模擬試卷十一

（總分:710.00,做題時間：130分鐘）

PartIWriting（總題數(shù)：1,分數(shù)：0.00）

1.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessay

entitledLearningfromMistakes.Youarerequiredtowriteatleast150wordsbutno

morethan200words.

1.人的一生中難免犯錯

2,有的人能夠在錯誤中學習，不斷進步；有的人卻不以為然，重蹈覆轍

3.對此，我認為...

（分數(shù):106.50）

正確答案：（［范文］

LearningfromMistakes

AsAlexanderPoperightlypointedout,"Toerrishuman."We,humanbeings,

arenotinfallibleandwemightmakemistakesinonetimeoranother.

Despitethefactthatweallmakemistakes,attitudestowardsthemvaryfrom

personstopersons.Ontheonehand,somepeoplearecleverenoughtodrawupon

theexperienceandtoavoidthesamemistakes.Ontheotherhand,somemightjust

ignoretheconsequencesoftheblunderandallowhistoryrepeatsitself.

Tobecomeabetterperson,Iassertthatweshouldpaydueattentiontothe

mistakesandlearnourlessons.Asthesayinggoes,failureisthemotherofsuccess.

HowevecIthinkthestatementisonlyhalftrue——ifwedonotthinkaboutthefailure

andletitpass,wewouldnotbeabletotastesuccess.Conversely,ifweponderon

thecausesandeffectsofthefailure,wewillearnourselvesabeacontoguideour

waythrough.Itistruethatallhumanbeingswouldmakemistakes,butlearningfrom

themcanmakeuswiser.）

解析：這是一篇觀點闡釋型的作文，要求考生對“從錯誤中學習”這一觀

點作闡釋，并發(fā)表個人的意見。根據(jù)題目要求，可以將文章內容安排如下；

第1段強調“人非完人”、錯誤在所難免的觀點。

第2段闡述人們對待錯誤的態(tài)度。

第3段提出個人的意見一一應該從錯誤中學習，及其重要的意義。

［參考譯文］

從錯誤中學習

正如亞歷山大?蒲柏明說，“失誤人皆有之二作為人類的我們并非圣人,

犯錯在所難免。

盡管人人都會犯錯，但對于犯錯的態(tài)度卻因人而異。有的人機智聰慧，對

犯過的錯誤會引以為戒，避免重蹈覆轍。而有的人卻無視錯誤帶來的后果，任憑

歷史重演。

想要成為更好的人，我主張我們應該重視錯誤，并從中學習。有句老話“失

敗乃成功之母”，但我覺得它只說對了一半一一如果我們不去思考失敗，一笑而

過的話，我們根本無法品嘗成功。相反，如果我們思索失敗的前因后果，我們會

得到前進道路的指明燈。人人皆犯錯，這是事實，但從錯誤中學習，能讓我們更

明智。

PartIIListeningComprehension（總題數(shù)：0,分數(shù)：0.00）

SectionA（總題數(shù)：8,分數(shù)：0.00）

.Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

1.（分數(shù)：28.40）

A.OrganismsfarbelowtheEarth'ssurface.V

B.Newdrillingmethods.

C.Ahiddenundergroundworld.

D.Rareandinfectiousbacteria.

解析：［聽力原文］

W:Today'sgueston"ScienceUpdate"isDavidBrown.Dr.Brown,youand

yourteamhavefoundbacteriafarbelowtheEarth'ssurface.Youmustbethrilled

aboutyourdiscovery.

M:Well,yes,it'sveryexciting.Foralongtimewe'dsuspectedthepresenceof

suchorganisms,butwelackedsubstantialevidence.

W:Howdidyouconfirmtheexistenceofthebacteria?

M:Well,technologyhelped.Ourdrillingtechniqueshaveimproved

significantly,andsotheriskthatsurfacebacteriacouldbemistakenforthosefound

atmuchgreaterdepthwasreduced.Withthenewtechniques,wecouldgetmuch

deeperintotheEarth.

W:Howfardowndidyouactuallyget?

M:Inonecase,aboutthreekilometers.Weweresurprised,Imusttellyou,

thattherewereorganismsthatfardown.

W:Youknow,itsoundslikefiction,somethinglikealostworld.

M:Let'scallitahiddenbiosphere,andit'sprobablyaveryextensiveone.The

massofthelivingorganismsbelowthesurfacemaybeequalinsizetothemassof

thesurfacebacteria.

W:Haveyoufoundanyuniquelife-forms?

M:Yes.We'vefoundaveryspecialorganism.Let'scallitType-Abacterium.It

canliveandgrowonlywherethereisnooxygen.

W:Isthereanydangerofthesebacteriainfectingpeoplewhenyoubring

themtothesurface?

M:Thesebacteriawereadaptedtoanenvironmentthat'scompletely

differentfromhumans'.That'stosay,theycouldnotsurviveinourenvironment.So

wereallydon'tneedtoworryaboutthesebacteriacausingillnessinpeople.

WhathaveDr.Brownandhisteamdiscovered?

.Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

5.（分數(shù)：28.40）

A.Writingpapersforhisclasses.V

B.Preparingforthecomingexaminthelibrary.

C.Doingextraworkinthechemistrylab.

0.Workingovertimeatalibrary.

解析：［聽力原文］

W:Ihaven'tseenyouhereforacoupleweeks.Haveyoustoppedeatingor

something?

M:No.DoesitlooklikeI'vestoppedeating?I'vebeenspendingalotoftime

inthelibrary.

W:Workingonapaper?

M:IwishIwasworkingonapaper!［5］\'mworkingonthreedifferentpapers:

anthropology,Englishliterature,andhistory.

W:Wow,thatisalotofwork.

M:Yeah,andwhat'sfrustratingisthatI'mstudyingthenineteenthcentury

BritishEmpireinallthreeclasses,butIcan'tjustwriteasinglepaperforallthree.

W:Whynot?

M:Theprofessorswon'tletmeevenifImakeitthreetimesaslongasthe

suggestedlength.

W:That'stoobad.Couldyouwriteyourpapersonthreeaspectsofonetopic?

M:Hmm.Whatdoyoumean?Doyouhavesomethinginmind?

W;Well,let'ssee.Hmm...MaybeyoucoulddosomethingwithRomanticism,

like,Ohh...writeyouranthropologypaperontheculturalbasisofRomanticism,and,

uh,yourhistorypaperontheinfluenceoftheRomanticpoetsonBritishforeign

policy,and,OK,andyourEnglishpaperonananalysisofsomeRomanticpoems.

M:Hey,that'snotabadidea!I'vealreadystartedtheresearchforoneofthe

papers,soIcanusethat.WhatcanIdotorepayyou?

W:Youwanttowriteupmychemistrypaperforme?

M:I'dloveto,butI'venevertakenchemistry,soI'mnotsureyou'dlikethe

results.

W:Ohwell,nothanksnecessarythen.I'lldoitmyself.Haveagoodweekend,

andtrytogetoutofthelibraryandgetsomesleep.Youhavebigcirclesunderyour

eyes.

M:OK,I'lltry.Seeyoulater.

Whathasthemanbeenbusydoingrecently?

SectionB（總題數(shù)：7,分數(shù)：0.00）

.Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

1.（分數(shù):21,30）

A.Pirates.

B.Sailors.

C.Manufactures.

□.Merchants.J

解析：［聽力原文］

Ihopeyouhaveallfinishedreadingtheassignedchapteroninsurance——so

thatyou'repreparedforourdiscussiontoday.But,beforewestart,I'dliketomention

afewthingsyourtextdoesn'tgointo.

It'sinterestingtonotethatinsurancehasexistedinsonicformforaverylong

time.Theearliestinsurancepoliciesprovidedshippingprotectionformerchantsas

farbackas3000B.C.

Ingeneral,thecontractswereoftennomorethanverbalagreements.They

grantedloanstomerchantswiththeunderstandingthatifaparticularshipmentof

goodswaslostatsea,theloandidn'thavetoberepaid.Interestontheloansvaried

accordingtohowrisky,itwastotransportthegoods.Duringperiodsofheavypiracy

atsea,forexample,theamountofinterestandthecostofthepolicywentup

considerably.So,youcanseehowinsurancehelpedencourageinternationaltrade.

Eventhemostcautiousmerchantsbecamewillingtoriskshippingtheirgoodsover

longdistances——nottomentioninhazardousweatherconditions——whentheyhad

thiskindofprotectionavailable.

Generallyspeaking,thebasicformofaninsurancepolicyhasbeenpretty

muchthesamesincetheMiddleAges.Therearefourpointsthatwereprominent

thenandremaindominantinallpoliciestoday.Thesewereoutlinedinchaptersix

andwillserveasthebasisfortherestoftoday'sdiscussion.

Whowerethefirstinsurancecontractsdesignedtoprotect?

.Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

4.（分數(shù)：28.40）

A.Itwasfullofenergy.

B.ltgaveoutheat.

C.ltcouldcureillness.J

D.ltcouldkeepthemhealthy.

解析：［聽力原文］

Milkwasabasicfoodofmanlongbeforehistorywaswritten.Itwillprobably

keeponbeingoneaslongasthereareanimalsthatgivemilk.

Manyancientpeoplethoughtthatmilkhadgreathealingpower.Oneofthe

mostfamousGreekdoctorstoldhispatientstodrinkmilktocureillness.

Formorethantwohundredyearsmostpeoplegottheirmilkfromtheirown

cattleorfromanearbydairyherd.Butintimenewinventionsmadethedairy

industryabigbusiness.In1851GallBorden,founderofamilkcompany,foundaway

totakesomeofthewateroutofmilk.Thismadeitkeepmuchlonger.Fouryearslater,

LouisPasteurintroducedthepasteurizationprocess.Thisprocesskilledthebacteria

inmilkthatcausedittospoil.Next,aspecialmilkbottlewasdesigned.Thiswas

followedbytheinventionofmachinesthatcouldfillbottlesandcapthem

automatically.

Thesediscoverieshadagreateffectonthedairyindustry.Theymeantthat

milkcouldbestoredlonger.Itcouldbesafelyshippedoverlongdistances,Preparing

anddistributingmilksoonbecamealarge-scalebusiness.Recently,inasingleyear

morethansixtybillionquartsofmilkweresoldintheUnitedStates.

SomepeoplebelievethatmilkdrinkingwillbecomelesspopularinAmerica

thanithasbeen.Butrememberhowlongmilkhasbeenabasicfoodandthinkofthe

manywaysinwhichitisuseful.Itseemssafetosaythatthemilkindustrywillalways

beimportant.

Whatdidancientpeoplethinkaboutmilk?

SectionC（總題數(shù)：10,分數(shù)：0.00）

.Questions16to19arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

1.（分數(shù):56.80）

A.Protectingtheseafishes.

B.HarmingtheEarth.

C.Harmingtheocean.J

0.Recoveringtheocean.

解析：［聽力原文］

Fiftyyearsago,whenIbeganexploringtheocean,nooneimaginedthatwe

coulddoanythingtoharmtheoceanbywhatweputintoitorbywhatwetookout

ofit.Itseemed,atthattime,tobeaseaofparadise,butnowv/eknowthatweare

facingparadiselost.

Iwanttosharewithyoumypersonalviewofchangesintheseathataffectall

ofus,andtoconsiderwhyitmattersthatin50years,we'velost一actually,we've

taken,we'veeaten-morethan90percentofthebigfishinthesea;whyyoushould

carethatnearlyhalfofthecoralreefshavedisappeared;whyareductionofoxygen

inlargeareasofthePacificshouldconcernnotonlythecreaturesthataredying,but

itreallyshouldconcernyou.Itdoesconcernyou,aswell.

Therewasstilltime.Well,nowisthattime.Ihopeforyourhelptoexplore

andprotectthewildoceaninwaysthatwillrestorethehealthand,insodoing,

securehopeforhumankind.Healthtotheoceanmeanshealthforus.

Forme,asascientist,itallbeganin1953whenIfirsttriedunderwater

breathingdevice.It'swhenIfirstgottoknowhowfishswimminginmysterious

ocean.Iactuallylovedivingatnight;youseealotoffishthenthatyoudon'tseein

thedaytime.Sincethen,I'vestarteddesigningandbuilding13underwatersystems

toaccessthedeepsea.Iledafive-yearNationalGeographicexpedition,the

SustainableSeasexpeditions,usingtheselittlesubmarines.They'resosimpleto

drivethatevenascientistcandoit.AndI'mlivingproof.

Overtime,mostoftheplanet'sorganiccarbonhasbeenabsorbedandstored

there.Theoceandrivesclimateandweather,stabilizestemperature,shapesEarth's

chemistry.Waterfromtheseaprovideshomeforabout97percentoflifeinthe

world,maybeintheuniverse.Nowater,nolife;noblue,nogreen.

Aglobalplanofactionwithaworldconservationunionisunderwayto

protectbiodiversity,torecoverfromtheimpactsofclimatechange.New

technologiesareneededtomap,photographandexplorethe95percentofthe

oceanthatwehaveyettosee.Iwishyouwoulduseallmeansatyourdisposal-

films,expeditions,theweb,newsubmarines一andcampaigntoarousepublic

supportforaglobalnetworkofmarineprotectedareas-hopespotslargeenoughto

saveandrestoretheocean,theblueheartoftheplanet.

Whatwasbeyondimaginationwhenthespeakerbegantoexploretheocean

50yearsago?

.Questions20to22arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

5.（分數(shù)：42.60）

A.Sheisacosmeticdentistinbeautybusiness.

B.Sheworksinbeautybusinessforover30years.V

C.Sheconductsresearchesincosmeticsproducts.

D.Shemakescommentonthebeautyindustry.

解析：［聽力原文］

Financiallyspeaking,makeupcanbeaburden.Byoneestimate,awomanin

theUSwillspendanaverageof$15,000onmakeupinherlifetime.Thefactisthat

theingredientsintheseproductsoftenaccountfornomorethan15%ofthecost,

accordingtoRandySchueller;acosmeticchemistwhohasbeeninthebeauty

businessformorethan30years.

Whatpeoplearemainlypayingforismarketing,packaging,andbrands.That's

whylipstick,forexample,whichismostlywax,oil,andpigments,routinelycosts

morethan$20atubeatadepartmentstoremakeupcounter.

Schuellersaysthat,becauseingredientsaresuchasmallshareofthecost,

"pricedoesnotreallyrelatetoqualitywhenitcomestocosmeticproducts."

Infact,packaginghasbecomesuchafocusintheindustrythatthereare

actuallyawardsgivenoutforit.

Wherethemakeupissoldmatters,too.It'saformofmarketinginitself,

whichisevidentwhenyouconsiderthedifferencebetweenupscalebrandscarriedat

retailerssuchasSephoraandUltaandmass-marketbrandssoldatdrugstores.

KarenGrant,theglobalbeautyindustryanalystatresearchfirmNPD,says

they'retwodifferentmodels,andconsumerspayforthatdifference.Athigher-end

stores,you"payforthedisplayareasandthepeoplewhoarehelpingtosellthe

product,whereasinamassenvironmentitcanbesealedupbehindapackageandsit

onashelf,"shesays.High-endshopsalsooftenmaketesteritemsavailable,andmay

acceptreturnsevenonuseditems.Itsimplycostsaretailermoretobeprofitablein

thatenvironment,andthosecostsarefactoredintothepricetagsontheproducts.

There'sevidencethatconsumersarebuyingintofamousbrandsatincreasing

rates.Salesintheglobalcosmeticsmarketarerising——to$56,9billionlastyear,

accordingtoEuromonitor一andareexpectedtokeepgrowing.Butit'snotbecause

thepriceofmakeupisgettingmoreexpensive.Infact,ithasn't.

Whatshouldaconsumerdo?Knowwhatyou'relookingfor.Ifyouwanta

lipstickthatwilllast,thengowithonedesignedforthat.Butdon'tassumethatmore

expensivemeansbetter.Morethananythingelse,whatthepriceofmakeupsimply

reflectsisthepricethatyou'rewillingtopayforit.

WhatdowelearnaboutRandySchuelleraccordingtothespeaker?

.Questions23to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

8.（分數(shù)：42.60）

A.TheywanttoprotestagainstBritishCouncil.

B.TheywanttoputadiamondontheQueen'scrown.

C.TheywanttheUKGovernmentreturnsadiamond.V

D.TheywanttoreturntheMountainofLightdiamond.

解析：［聽力原文］

MountainofLight,oneoftheworld'sbest-knowndiamonds,isontheQueen

Elizabeth'scrown.ButtheIndianswantitback.AgroupofIndianstarsand

businessmenhasunitedtoinstructlawyerstobeginlegalproceedingsinLondon's

HighCourttoreturntheMountainofLightdiamond.Thegroupsaysthatthe

105-caratdiamondworthareported￡100mwasstolenfromitstruehomeinIndia

andtheyaxedemandingthattheUKGovernmentreturnsit.

ThediamondwasinthecrownwornbytheQueenElizabethathercrowning

ceremonyin1953.

BollywoodstarBhumickaSingh,alsopartofthegroup,said:"TheMountain

ofLightisnotjusta105-caratstone,butpartofourhistoryandcultureandshould

undoubtedlybereturned."

BritishLawyersinstructedbythe"MountainofLight"grouptoreturnthe

stone,saidtheywouldbasetheircaseontheReturnofCulturalObjectsAct,which

givesnationalinstitutionsintheUKthepowertoreturnstolenart.

SatishJakhu,ofBirmingham-basedlawfirmRubricLoisKing,saidtheywould

maketheirclaimunderthecommonlawdoctrineof"trespasstogoods",arguing

thatthegovernmenthadstolenthediamond.Headdedthattheywouldbetaking

theircasetotheInternationalCourtofJustice.

HistorianAndrewRobertstoldtheMailonSunday:"Thoseinvolvedinthis

ridiculouscaseshouldrecognizethattheBritishCrownJewelsispreciselytheright

placefortheMountainofLightdiamondtoreside,ingratefulrecognitionforover

threecenturiesofBritishinvolvementinIndia,whichledtothemodernisation,

development,protection,agrarianadvance,linguisticunificationandultimatelythe

democratisationofthesub-continent."

Accordingtolegend,thegemcanonlybewornbyGodorwomen,and

whoeverwearsthejewelwillbecomeextremelypowerful,butifamanwearsit,he

willmeetanunfortunateend.

TheUKGovernmenthassofarrejectedtheclaims.

WhatdotheIndianstarsandbusinessmenwanttodo?

PartIIIReadingComprehension（總題數(shù)：0,分數(shù)：0.00）

SectionA（總題數(shù)：10,分數(shù)：0.00）

.Theconceptofobtainingfleshwaterfromicebergsthataretowedtopopulated

areasandaridregionsoftheworldwasoncetreatedasajokemoreappropriateto

cartoonsthanreallife.Butnov/itisbeing1quiteseriouslybymanynations,

especiallysincescientistshavewarnedthatthehumanracev/ill2itsfresh

watersupplyfasterthanitrunsoutoffood.

Glaciersareapossible3offreshwaterthathasbeenoverlooked

untilrecently.Three-quartersoftheEarth'sfreshwatersupplyisstilltiedupinglacial

ice,areservoirof4freshwatersoimmensethatitcould5allthe

riversoftheworldfor1,000years.Floatingontheoceanseveryyearare7,659

trillionmetrictonsoficeencasedin10,000icebergsthatbreakawayfromthepolar

icecaps,morethanninetypercentofthemfromAntarctica.

Hugeglaciersthat6overtheshallowcontinentalshelfgivebirthto

icebergsthroughouttheyear.Icebergsarenotlikeseaice,whichisformedwhenthe

seaitselffreezes,rather,theyareformed7onland,breakingoffwhen

glaciersspreadoverthesea.Astheydriftawayfromthepolarregion,icebergs

sometimesmovemysteriouslyinadirection8tothewind,pulledby

subsurfacecurrents.Becausetheymeltmoreslowlythansmallerpiecesofice,

icebergshavebeenknowntodriftasfarnorthas35degreessouthoftheequatorin

theAtlanticOcean.Tocontrolthemand9themtopartsoftheworldwhere

theyareneededwouldnotbetoodifficult.Eveniftheicebergslosthalfoftheir

volumeintowing,thewatertheycouldprovidewouldbefarcheaperthanthat

producedbydesalinization（脫鹽），or10saltfromwater.

A.removing

B.stretch

C.deriving

D.entirely

E.untapped

F.resource

G.outgrow

H.opposite

I.approximately

J.considered

K.similar

L.source

M.eusured

N.sustain

O.steer（分數(shù)：35.50）

1.（分數(shù)：3.55）

填空項1：（正確答案：J）

解析：空格前的isbeing及空格后的bymanynations表明本句為被動語態(tài)，

此處應填入動詞的過去分詞形式。句首的Butnow表明該句與上文的…wasonce

treatedas...形成對比關系，因此所填之詞與trea亡認為"相近。過去分詞considered

“考慮，認為”符合要求。

［參考譯文］把冰山拖到地球上人口密集以及干旱貧瘠的地區(qū)并由此獲取淡

水，這種構想一度被視作笑話一一更適合動畫片而非現(xiàn)實生活。而如今，尤其是

自從科學家警告說人類消耗淡水的速度會比消耗食物的速度更快以來，許多國家

都開始相當認真地考慮這個構想。

冰川是以往一宜受人忽略的一種潛在淡水來源，直到最近才受人關注。地

球上3/4的淡水仍然埋藏在冰川之中，這個尚未開發(fā)的淡水庫大得可以維持全世

界的河流達1000年。每年都有1萬座冰山從極地冰蓋分離，其中超過90%從南

極洲分離，它們蘊含著7659萬億公噸的冰，在海洋上漂浮著。

在近海較淺的大陸架上延伸的巨大冰川整年都在孕育冰山。冰山和海上浮

冰不同；海上浮冰是海水自身凍結而形成的，而冰山完全是在陸地上形成的。當

冰川延伸到海面上斷裂開來時，就成為冰山。在冰山從極地漂移開來的過程中，

有時在洋面下的潛流推動下，會不可思議地朝與風向相反的方向移動。它們融化

的速度比小冰塊要慢，所以，據(jù)人們所知，有的冰山甚至會漂流到赤道以南35

度的大西洋上?？刂撇阉鼈円龑У叫枰鼈兊牡胤讲粫且患щy的事情。

即使在拖引的過程中冰山的體積耗損一半，由冰山提供的淡水也會比用脫鹽的辦

法得到的淡水便宜得多。

2.（分數(shù)：3.55）

填空項1：.（正確答案：G）

解析：空格前的will提示此處需要動詞原形作謂語。本句對比人類對淡水

的需求和對食物的需求，根據(jù)對比成分fasterthanitrunsoutoffood可知，該謂

語動訶意義_L與runoutof（用盡）相近。訶庫中只有outgrow在意義、用法與形式

上都符合。

3.（分數(shù)：3.55）

填空項1：（正確答案：L）

解析：空格前面的冠詞a表示此處需要可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式，且與。f一起連

用。后一句講到,地球上3/4的淡水埋藏在冰川之中?？梢?，Glaciers（冰川）是淡

水的一個來源，source“來源”符合語境。

4.（分數(shù)：3.55）

填空項1:（正確答案：E）

解析：此處需要形容詞或分詞修飾freshwatero上一句講到冰川一直has

beenoverlookeduntilrecently,由此可知冰川中的淡水一直未被開發(fā)，untapped

“未開發(fā)的”符合語境。untappedfleshwaterIt”未被開發(fā)的淡水

5.（分數(shù):3.55）

填空項1：（正確答案：N）

解析：此處需要及物動詞原形作謂語。詞庫中符合條件的動詞有stretch,

sustain和steer,而根據(jù)前面的soimmense可知此句意為“冰川的水量極大，足

以維持地球上所有河流”，因此sustain符合句意。

6.（分數(shù)：3.55）

填空項1：（正確答案：B）

解析：此處需要動詞原形與over構成搭配，作定語從句的謂語，表明huge

glaciers“分布”在淺大陸架上。詞庫中的動詞原形有stretch和steer,但steer

不能與連用，而在意義和用法上都符合題意，故選

overstretchstretcho

7.（分數(shù)：3.55）

填空項1：（正確答案：D）

解析：本句的結構完整，因此需要副詞成分?？崭袂暗牟迦氤煞謗ather表

明冰山的形成與海上浮冰不同，海上浮冰是海水自身凍結形成，而冰山是在陸地

上形成。詞庫中只有entirely"完全”能突出二者不同的程度。副詞approximately

常用于形容大概的數(shù)字、數(shù)量或時間，不宜用在此處。

8.（分數(shù)；3.5S）

填空項1：（正確答案：H）

解析：此處需要形容詞與to形成固定搭配，作direction的后置定語。詞庫

中的opposite與similar都能與to搭配,根據(jù)上文說冰山有時movemysteriously,

可推測冰山的移動與風向并不一致，由此可確定答案為oppositeo

9.（分數(shù)：3.55）

填空項1：（正確答案：0）

解析：此處需要及物動詞原形且能與后面的介詞to搭配。根據(jù)and前面的

并列成分control,可推測該詞與“掌控”意思相近，因此答案為steer。steersth.

to...意為“引導某物去往……二

10.（分數(shù)：3.55）

填空項上（正確答窠：A）

解析：空格前面的or表明其后的成分用于解釋desalinization,由于介詞by

的限定，故此處需填入動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞，且能與from連用。詞庫中的removing

和deriving都能與from連用，但desalinization提示這里講的是把鹽從水中分離

出來，所以選擇removing（除去）,而不是deriving（源自）。

SectionB（總題數(shù)：10,分藪:0.00）

Signs:theMostUsefulThingWePayNoAttentionto

A.Signage-thekindweseeoncitystreets,inairports,onhighways,in

hospitalcorridors—isthemostusefulthingwepaynoattentionto.Whenitworks

well,ittellsuswhereweare（aswhenanInterstatemarkerassuresuswe'reonthe

righthighway）andithelpsustogetwherewewanttogo（aswhenanairport

bannerdirectsustoourgate）.Whenitfails,wemisstrains,we'relateto

appointments,wespendhourspacingtheindistinguishablefloorsofunderground

parkinggarages,mutteringtoourselvesinmountingfrustrationandfury.Andin

somecases,especiallywhereautomobilesareinvolved,theconsequencesofbad

signagecanbefatal.

B.Badsignscansendperfectlyordinarycitizensintospiralsofconfusion.

TakeRichardAnkrom,aLosAngelesartistwhothoughtthejunctionofthe110

freewayandthe5freewaywasbadlymarked.In2001,heputonanoutfitthat

lookedliketheonesCaltraushighwayworkerswore,climbedupontoafreeway

gantry（信號架），andmountedanaluminumsignhe'dmanufacturedhimself

accordingtostatespecifications.Thesignstayedupforninemonthswithoutanyone

noticingwhathe'ddone;whenthestoryleakedtothepressandCaltransfinally

realized,theagencyleftthesignupforeightmoreyears.

C.OrconsiderLeslieGalleryDilworth,aPhiladelphiaarchitectwhotooka

roadtripwithherhusbandthroughSpaininthe1980s.Throughoutthejourney,

they'dbeenamazedatthesimplicityoftheEuropeanroadsigns,whichwereeasyto

useeventhoughneitherofthemspokeSpanish.UpontheirreturntoPhilly,theygot

lostonthewayfromtheairporttotheirhouse,whenabadsetofsignsdirected

themtoalocaldump.Dilworthwassostruckbyherowncity'sinhospitalitythatshe

spentmuchofthenextdecadeworkingwiththecityandlocalstakeholders

improvingPhiladelphia'ssignsystems.Today,she'stheCEOoftheSocietyfor

EnvironmentalGraphicDesign,thepremierAmericanprofessionalgroupforsign

designers.

D.Mostpeople,whentheythinkaboutit,canpointtosignsthathavefailed

them:thehospitalcomplexthatfeltlikealabyrinth（迷宮）ortheexittheyalways

almostmiss.Butthetruthisthatsignagetodayisfarbetterthanit'sbeenatany

otherpointinhistory.Acenturyago,signdesignwasn'taprofessiontospeakof;the

signsthatguidedridersandpedestrians（thereweren'tmanydriversyet）tendedto

beinformal.Astheautomobiletookoff,theworldfounditneecedtrafficengineers,

anditwasthesemenandwomenwhowerethefirsttothinkseriouslyaboutsign

systems.Americaputnationalstandardsforroadsignsinplacein1935.

E.Butthedevelopersofofficebuildings,shoppingmalls,andother

pedestrianspaceswereslowtofollowsuit.Developerstendedtoassumethat

architectswouldtakecareofsigndesign,andmanyarchitectswouldleaveitupto

tenants.Asaresult,securityguardsandsecretarieswereoftentheonestohelp

orientthelost.

F.The1970ssawthefirststirringsofrevolutioninthesignworld.That's

whentheSEGDwasfounded,andit'swhendesignersfirstbegantoseriouslystudy

howbesttoorientpeopleandguidethemthroughspace.Theirworkwasprompted

inpartbyAmerica'sgreaturbanthinkers:peoplelikeKevinLynchandJaneJacobs,

whoarguedthatspacesshouldbedesignednottofulfillthegrandvisionsof

architectsbutwithhumblehumanusesinmind.Thefieldearnedaname—

"wayfinding,"aLynchcoinage一andtoday,peopleinthebusinesscallthemselves

wayfindingdesignersandtalkaboutplacesthathave"goodwayfinding"or"terrible

wayfinding."Bythe1980sand'90s,wayfindingadvocateswereinvolvedinmore

developmentprojects,butdispatchesfromtheerahaveaslightlyindignant

designersofenvironmentalgraphicsstilloftenfoundthemselvesfightingforaplace

atthetable.Duringthelast10years,however,wayfindinghascomeintoitsown.

Morerequestsforproposalsformajorbuildinginitiativesnowrequirebiddersto

explainhowthey'llhandlewayfindingdesign.Manycitieshaveinstalledwayfinding

systemsliketheoneDilworthhelpedbuildinPhiladelphia.Newairportsandtrain

stationsareroutinelybuiltwithgoodnavigationinmind.

G.Whyhastherebeensuchgrowthinthefield?Onecauseisthe

remarkablepaceofeconomicdevelopmentoverthepasthalf-century.Developed

countries