2024年高考英語真題分類匯編：專題十六 閱讀理解之科普類說明文

2024年高考英語真題分類匯編：專題十六閱讀

理解之科普類說明文

1.【湖北卷】D

Theoddnessof1ifeinspaceneverquitegoesaway.Herearesomeexampies.

Firstconsidersomethingassimpleassleep.Itspositionpresentsits

ownchallenges.Themainquestioniswhetheryouwantyourarmsinside

oroutsidethesleepingbag.Ifyouleaveyoararmsout,theyfloatfree

inzerogravity,oftengivingasleepingastronautthelookofafunny

balled（芭蕾）dancer."I'maninsideguy,“MikeHopkinssays,who

returnedfromasix-monthtourontheInternationalSpaceStation."I

liketobewrappedup."

Onthestation,theordinarybecomesstrange.Theexercisebikeforthe

Americanastronautshasnohandlebars.Italsohasnoseat.Withnogravity,

it'sjustaseasytopedalviolently.Youcanwatchamoviewhileyou

pedalbyfloatingamicrocomputeranywhereyouwant.Butstationresidents

havetobecarefulaboutstayinginoneplacetoolong.Withoutgravity

tohelpcirculateair,thecarbondioxideyouexhale（呼氣）hasatendency

toformaninvisible（隱形的）cloudaroundyouhead.Youcanendupwith

whatastronautscallacarbon-dioxideheadache.

LeroyChiao,54,anAmericanretiredastronautafterfourflights,

describeswhathappensevenbeforeyoufloatoutofyourscat,“Yourinner

earthinksyour,refalling.Meanwhileyoureyesaretellingyouyou'

restandingstraight.Thatcanbeannoying-that*swhysomepeoplefeel

sick."Withinacoupledays-trulyterribledaysforsome-

astronauts'brainslearntoignorethepanickysignalsfromtheinner

ear,andspacesicknessdisappears.

Spacetravelcanbesodelightfulbutatthesametimeinvisiblydangerous.

Forinstance,astronautslosebonemass.That"swhyexerciseisconsidered

sovitalthatNationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration（NASA）puts

itrightontheworkdayschedule.Thefocusonfitnessisasmuchabout

scienceandthefutureasitisaboutkeepinganyindividualastronauts

returnhome,and,moreimportantly,howtomaintainstrengthandfitness

forthetwoandahalfyearsormorethatitwouldtaketomakearound-trip

toMars.

63.Whatisthemajorchallengetoastronautswhentheysleepinspace?

A.Decidingonapropersleepposition

B.Choosingacomfortablesleepingbag

C.Seekingawaytofallasleepquickly

D.Findingarighttimetogotosleep.

64.Theastronautswillsufferfromacarbon-dioxideheadachewhen.

A.theycirclearoundontheirbikes

B.theyusemicroconputerswithoutastop

C.theyexerciseinoneplaceforalongtime

D.theywatchamoviewhilepedaling

65.Someastronautsfeelsickonthestationduringthefirstfewdays

because.

A.theirsensesstopworking

B.theyhavetostandupstraight

C.theyfloatoutoftheirseatsunexpectedly

D.whethertheyareabletogobacktothestation

66.OneoftheNASA*smajorconcernsaboutastronautsis____.

A.howmuchexercisetheydoonthestation

B.howtheycanremainhealthyforlonginspace

C.whethertheycanrecoverafterreturninghome

D.whethertheyareabletogobacktothestation

【解析】

試題分析：這是一篇說明文。本文通過舉例說明了太空生活的奇妙：在太空睡覺

時，對宇航員來說主要的挑戰(zhàn)在于恰當(dāng)?shù)乃咦藙荩挥詈絾T在一個地方運(yùn)動久了

會出現(xiàn)碳毒性頭痛；宇航員的大腦接收到矛盾的信息時會感到惡心。最后告訴我

們美國國家宇航局對宇航員主要的擔(dān)憂是宇航員回家后的修養(yǎng)期和如何在太空

長久地保持健康。

63.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一、二句"Firstconsidersomethingassimple

assleep.Itspositionpresentsitsownchallenges.可知在太空睡覺時，

對宇航員來說主要的挑戰(zhàn)在于恰當(dāng)?shù)乃咦藙?。?yīng)選A項。

64.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Butstationresidentshavetobecareful

aboutstayinginoneplacetoolong.???Youcanendupwithwhatastronauts

callacarbon-dioxideheadache”可知宇航員在一個地方運(yùn)動久了會出現(xiàn)碳毒

性頭痛。應(yīng)選C項。

65.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Yourinnerearthinksyou'refailing.

Meanwhileyoureyesaretellingyouyou'restandingstraight.Thatcan

beannoying-that,swhysomepeoplefeelsick.〃可知宇航員在大腦接收到

矛盾的信息時會感到惡心。應(yīng)選D項。

66.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段倒數(shù)第一、二句"Thefocusonfitnessisas

muchaboutscienceandthefutureasisaboutkeepinganyindividual

astronauthealthy???NASAisworriedabouttwothings:…and,more

importantly,howmaintainstrengthandfitness…”可知美國國家宇航局對

宇航員主要的擔(dān)憂之一是如何在太空長久地保持健康。應(yīng)選B項。

【考點定位】說明文閱讀

【名師點睛】科普類說明文歷來是高考閱讀理解命題的重點，文章邏輯性強(qiáng)，條

理清楚，主要考查學(xué)生對語篇的整體把握和領(lǐng)悟能力以及對特定細(xì)節(jié)的認(rèn)讀和處

理能力?？忌鷳?yīng)注意：1.平時多讀科普知識類文章，學(xué)習(xí)科普知識，積累常見的

科普詞匯，從根本上提高科普英語的閱讀能力。2.熟悉科普類文章的結(jié)構(gòu)特點。

科普類文章一般由標(biāo)題（高考題中一般不給出標(biāo)題）、導(dǎo)語、背景、主體和結(jié)尾

五局部構(gòu)成。導(dǎo)語一般位于整篇文章的首段。背景交待一個事實的起因。主體則

對導(dǎo)語概括的事實進(jìn)行詳細(xì)表達(dá)，這局部是命題的重點，考生應(yīng)該重點把握。結(jié)

尾往往也是中心思想的概括，并與導(dǎo)語相照應(yīng)，命題者常在此要設(shè)計一道推理判

斷題。3.在進(jìn)行推理判斷時，考生一定要以閱讀材料所提供的科學(xué)事實為依據(jù),

同時所得出的結(jié)論還應(yīng)符合基本的科普常識。

2.[2022?北京卷】C

LifeintheClear

Transparentanimalsletlightpassthroughtheirbodiesthesameway

lightpassesthroughawindow.Theseanimalstypicallylivebetweenthe

surfaceoftheoceanandadepthofabout3,300feet一asfarasmostlight

canreach.Mostofthemareextremelydelicateandcanbedamagedoya

simpletouch.SonkeJohnsen,ascientistinbiology,says,uTheseanimals

livethroughtheirlifealone.Theynevertouchanythingunlessthey*

reeatingit,orunlesssomethingiseatingthem.〃

Andtheyareasclearasglass.Howdoesananimalbecomesee-through?

It'strickierthanyoumightthink.

Theobjectsaroundyouarevisiblebecausetheyinteractwithlight.

Lighttypicallytravelsinastraightline.Butsomematerialsslowand

scatter（散射）light,bouncingitawayfromitsoriginalpath.Others

absorblight,stoppingitdeadinitstracks.Bothscatteringand

absorptionmakeanobjectlookdifferentfromotherobjectsaroundit,

soyoucanseeiteasily.

Butatransparentobjectdoesn,tabsorborscatterlight,atleast

notverymuch,Lightcanpassthroughitwithoutbendingorstopping.That

meansatransparentobjectdoesn'tlookverydifferentfromthe

surroundingairorwater.Youdon,tseeit----youseethethingsbehind

it.

Tobecometransparent,ananimalneedstokeepitsbodyfromabsorbing

orscatteringlight.Livingmaterialscansteplightbecausetheycontain

pigments（色素）thatabsorbspecificcolorsoflight.Butatransparent

animaldoesn'thavepigments,soitstissueswon'tabsorblight.According

toJohnsen,avoidingabsorptionisactuallyeasy.Therealchallengeis

preventinglightfromscattering.

Animalsarebuiltofmanydifferentmaterials----skin,fat,and

more----and1ightmovesthrougheachatadifferentspeed.Everytime

lightmovesintoamaterialwithanewspeed,itbendsandscatters.

Transparentanimalsusedifferenttrickstofightscattering.Some

animalsaresimplyverysmallorextremelyflat.Withoutmuchtissueto

scatterlight,itiseasiertobesee-through.Othersbuildalarge,clear

massofnon-livingjelly-1ie（果凍狀的）materialandspreadthemselves

overit.

Largertransparentanimalshavethebiggestchailenge,becausetheyhave

tomakeallthedifferenttissuesintheirbodiesslowdownlightexactly

asmuchaswaterdoes.Theyneedtolookuniform.Buthowthey'redoing

itisstillunknown.Onethingisclearfortheselargeranimals,staying

transparentisanactiveprocess.Whentheydie,theyturna

non-transparentmilkywhite.

63.AccordingtoParagraph1,transparentanimals.

A.stayingroupsB.canbeeasilydamaged

C.appearonlyindeepoceanD.arebeautifulcreatures

64.Theunderlinedword"dead"inParagraph3means.

A.silentlyB.gradually

C.regularlyD.completely

65.Onewayforananimaltobecometransparentisto.

A.changethedirectionoflighttravel

B.gathermaterialstoscatterlight.

C.avoidtheabsorptionoflight

D.growbiggertostoplight.

66.Thelastparagraphtellsusthatlargertransparentanimals.

A.movemoreslowlyindeepwater

B.staysee-throughevenafterdeath

C.producemoretissuesfortheirsurvival

D.takeeffectiveactiontoreduce1ightspreading

【解析】

試題分析：文章解釋了生活在海洋的透明生物的特點，透明原理，以及形成機(jī)制。

63.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章第一段第三行:Mostofthemarcextremelydelicateand

canbedamagedbyasimpletouch。得知B選灰：透明動物是很容易受傷的。

應(yīng)選

64.D詞義猜想題。該詞出現(xiàn)在文章第三段第三行。前文提到了：你能看到的物

體一種是對光線進(jìn)行了散射；而另外一種是對光線的吸收。既然吸收了，那在光

的傳播過程中就完全阻止了，因此這里dead是完全的意思。應(yīng)選D。

65.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段第一句Tobecometransparent,ananimalneeds

tokeepitsbodyfromabsorbingorscatteringlight?？芍?想變透明就

要防止散射或吸收光線，因此其中的一個方法是C選項，防止光線的吸收。應(yīng)選

Co

66.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句中的makeallthedifferenttissues

intheirbodiesslowdownlightexactlyasmuchaswaterdoes可以推斷

出D為正確答案。其中slowdown對應(yīng)reduce。應(yīng)選Do

【考點定位】科技類說明文

【名師點睛】做科技類說明文時，考生應(yīng)能：理解語篇主旨要義，理解文中具體

信息，根據(jù)上下文提供的線索推測生詞的詞義，根據(jù)文中事實和線索作出簡單的

判斷和推理。此次出現(xiàn)了新型科技類說明文。往年科技類說明文的閱讀難點在于

專業(yè)類詞匯，但是今年的“新型耳機(jī)〃在問題設(shè)置上難度不大，屬于文章難但題

目不難的題目。所以要理解好文章做好此題就不是難題。

3.[2022?江蘇】B

IntheUnitedStatesalone,over100miIlioncel1-phonesarethrownaway

eachyear.Cell-phonssarepartofagrowingmountainofelectronicwaste

likecomputersandpersonaldigitalassistants.Theelectronicwaste

streamisincreasingthreetimesfasterthantraditionalgarbageasa

whole.

Electronicdevicescontainvaluablemetalssuchasgoldandsilver.A

Swissstudyreportedthatwhiletheweightofelectronicgoodsrepresented

bypreciousmetalswasrelativelysmal1incomparisontototalwaste,the

concentration（含量）ofgoldandotherpreciousmetalswashigherin

So-callede-wastethaninnatural1yoccurringminerals.

Electronicwastesalsocontainmanypoisonousmetals.Evenwhenthe

machinesarerecycledandtheharmfulmetalsremoved,therecycling

processofteniscarriedoutinpoorcountries,inpractically

uncontrolledwayswhichallowmanypoisonoussubstancestoescapeinto

theenvironment.

Creatingproductsoutofrawmaterialscreatesmuchmorewastematerial,

upto100timesmore,thanthematerialcontainedinthefinishedproducts.

Consideragainthecell-phone,andimaginetheminesthatproducedthose

metals,thefactoriesneededtomaketheboxandpackaging（包裝）itcame

in.Manywastesproducedintheproducingprocessareharmfulaswell.

The1）.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencynotesthatmostwasteis

dangerousinthatutheproduction,distribution,anduseofproducts一

aswellasmanagementoftheresultingwaste-allresultingreenhouse

gasrelease.Individualscanreducetheircontributionbycreatingless

wasteatthestart-forinstance,buyingreusableproductsand

recycling.

Inmanycountriestheconceptofextendedproducerresponsibilityisbeing

consideredorhasbeenputinplaceasanincentive（動機(jī)）forreducing

waste.Ifproducersarerequiredtotakebackpackagingtheyusetosei1

theirproducts,wouldtheyreducethepackaginginthefirstplace?

Governments*incentivetorequireproducerstotakeresponsibilityfor

thepackagingtheyproduceisusuallybasedonmoney.Why,theyask,should

citiesortownsberesponsibleforpayingtodealwiththebubblewrap

（氣泡墊）thatencasedyourtelevision?

Fromthegovernments*pointofview,aprimarygoaloflawsrequiring

extendedproducerresponsibilityistotransferboththecostsandthe

physicalresponsibilityofwastemanagementfromthegovernmentand

tax-payersbacktotheproducers.

58.BymentioningtheSwissstudy,theauthorintendstotellusthat

A.theweightofe-goodsisrathersmall

B.E-wastedeservestobemadegooduseof

C.naturalmineralscontainmorepreciousnetals

D.thepercentageofpreciousmetalsisheavyine-waste

59.Theresponsibilityofe-wastetreatmentshouldbeextended

A.fromproducerstogovernments

B.fromgovernmentstoproducers

C.fromindividualstodistributors

D.fromdistributorstogovernments

60.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?

A.Theincreaseine-waste.

B.Thecreationofe-waste.

C.Theseriousnessofe-waste.

D.Themanagementofe-waste.

【解析】

試題分析：本文是一篇科普說明文。文章主要介紹了電子垃圾的產(chǎn)生、危害以及相關(guān)解決措施。

58.B推理判斷題。文章筍一段告訴我們，每年有大量廢棄電子產(chǎn)品被隨意丟棄。緊接著第二段首句指出：

電子設(shè)備中含有有用的金屬，如金和銀，并用Swissstudy佐證這一觀點，因此可以推知電子垃圾值得充分

利用°故選B項。

59B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章第六、七、八三段圍繞“生產(chǎn)者責(zé)任延伸”展開的,最后一段做了總結(jié)，根據(jù)"aprimary

goaloflawsrequiringextendedproducerresponsibilityistotransferboththecostsandthephysicalresponsibility

ofwastemanagementfromthegovernmentandtax-payersbacktotheproducers”可知B項正確,是對該句的

同義壓縮。故選B項。

60.D主旨大意題?？v觀全文，文章先描述了廢棄電子產(chǎn)品被隨意丟棄這一現(xiàn)象，接著指出電子垃圾的可以

用價值和潛在風(fēng)險，主要是由于對廢棄電子產(chǎn)品的管理不善造成的，最后呼吁政府和生產(chǎn)商對此承擔(dān)一定

的責(zé)任。故選D項。

【考點定位】科普說明文閱讀

【名師點睛】科普類文章邏輯性強(qiáng)，條理清楚，主要考查學(xué)生對語篇的整體把握

和領(lǐng)悟能力以及對特定細(xì)節(jié)的理解和推理能力。文章選材時代氣息濃厚，與經(jīng)濟(jì)、

科技的開展和變化密切相關(guān)?？忌鷳?yīng)注意：1.平時多讀科普知識類文章，學(xué)習(xí)科

普知識，積累常見的科普詞匯，從根本上提高科普英語的閱讀能力。2.熟悉科普

類文章的結(jié)構(gòu)特點?？破疹愇恼乱话阌蓸?biāo)題（高考題中一般不給出標(biāo)題）、導(dǎo)語、

背景、主體和結(jié)尾五局部構(gòu)成。導(dǎo)語一般位于整篇文章的首段。背景交待一個事

實的起因。主體則對導(dǎo)語概括的事實進(jìn)行詳細(xì)表達(dá)，這局部是命題的重點，考生

應(yīng)該重點把握。結(jié)尾往往也是中心思想的概括，并與導(dǎo)語相照應(yīng)，命題者常在此

要設(shè)計一道推理判斷題。3.在進(jìn)行推理判斷時，考生一定要以閱讀材料所提供

的科學(xué)事實為依據(jù)，同時所得出的結(jié)論還應(yīng)符合基本的科普常識。

4.C

Supposeyoubecome￡leaderinanorganization.It*sverylikelythat

you'11wanttohavevolunteerstohelpwiththeorganization'sactivities.

Todoso,itshouldhelptounderstandwhypeopleundertakevolunteerwork

andwhatkeepstheirinterestinthework.

Let'sbeginwiththequestionofwhypeoplevolunteer.Researchershave

identifiedseveralfactorsthatmotivatepeopletogetinvolved.For

example,peoplevolunteertoexpresspersonalvaluesrelatedto

unselfishness,toexpandtheirrangeofexperiences,andtostrengthen

socialrelationships.Ifvolunteerpositionsdonotmeettheseneeds,

peoplemaynotwishtoparticipate.Toselectvolunteers,youmayneed

tounderstandthemotivationsofthepeopleyouwishtoattract.

Peoplealsovolunteerbecausetheyarerequiredtodoso.Toincrease

levelsofcommunityservice,someschoolshavelaunchedcompulsory

volunteerprograms.Unfortunately,theseprogramscanshiftpeopleJswish

ofparticipationfromaninternalfactor(e.g.,“Ivolunteerbecauseit'

simportanttome〃)toanexternalfactor(e.g.,“Ivolunteerbecause

I'mrequiredtodoso〃).Whenthathappens,peoplebecomelesslikely

tovolunteerinthefuture.Peoplemustbesensitivetothispossibility

whentheymakevolunteeractivitiesamust.

Oncepeoplebegintovolunteer,whatleacsthemtoremainintheir

positionsovertime?Toanswerthisquestion,researchershaveconducted

follow-upstudiesinwhichtheytrackvolunteersovertime.Forinstance,

onestudyfollowed238volunteersinFloridaoverayear.Oneofthemost

importantfactorsthatinfluencedtheirsatisfactionasvolunteerswas

theamountofsufferingtheyexperiencedintheirvolunteerpositions.

Althoughthisresultmaynotsurpriseyou,it1eadstoimportantpractical

advice.Theresearchersnotethatattentionshouldbegiventoatraining

methodsthatwouldpreparevolunteersfortroublesomesituationsor

providethemwithstrategiesforcopingwiththeproblemtheydo

experience,7.

Anotherstudyof302volunteersathospitalsinChicagofocusedon

individualdifferencesinthedegreetowhichpeopleview“volunteer”

asanimportantsocialrole.Ttwasassumedthatthosepeopleforwhom

theroleofvolunteerwasmostpartoftheirpersonalidentitywouldalso

bemostlikelytocontinuevolunteerwork.Participantsindicatedthe

degreetowhichthesocialrolematteredbyrespondingtostatementssuch

as“VolunteeringinHospitalisanimportantpartofwhoIam.〃

ConsistentwiththeresearchersJexpectations,theyfoundapositive

correlation(正相關(guān))betweenthestrengthofroleidentityandthelength

oftimepeoplecontinuedtovolunteer.Theseresults,onceagain,lead

toconcreteadvice:"Onceanindividualbeginsvolunteering,continued

effortsmightfocusondevelopingavolunteerroleidentity....Items1ike

T-shirtsthatallowvolunteerstoberecognizedpubliclyfortheir

contributionscanhelpstrengthenroleidentity7".

61.Peoplevolunteermainlyoutof.

A.academicrequirenentsB.socialexpectations

C.financialrewardsD.internalneeds

62.WhatcanwelearnfromtheFloridastudy?

A.Follow-upstudiesshouldlastforoneyear.B.Volunteersshouldget

mentallyprepared.

C.Strategytrainingisamustinresearch.D.Volunteersare

providedwithconcreteadvice.

63.Whatismostlikelytomotivatevolunteerstocontinuetheirwork?

A.Individualdifferencesinroleidentity.B.Publicly

identifiablevolunteerT-shirts.

C.Roleidentityasavolunteer.D.Practicaladvicefrom

researchers.

64.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?

A.HowtoGetPeopletoVolunteerB.HowtoStudyVolunteer

Behaviors

C.HowtoKeepVolunteers?InterestD.HowtoOrganize

VolunteerActivities

【解析】

試題分析：本文是一篇議論文。文章分析講述志愿者為什么自發(fā)地去效勞社會，

并通過3個實驗研究志愿者的意圖。

61.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段內(nèi)容可知人們做志愿者工作的原因為：“t。

expresspersonalvaluesrelatedtounselfishness,toexpandtheirrange

ofexperiences,andtostrengthensocialrelationshipsz/,再結(jié)合“If

volunteerpositionsdonotmeettheseneeds,peoplemaynotwishto

participate"可知答案為D項（滿足內(nèi)在的需求）。

62.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句中"trainingmethodsthatwould

preparevolunteersfortroublesomesituationsorprovidethemwith

strategiesforcopingwiththeproblemtheydoexperience”可知志愿者

應(yīng)該從心理上做好充分的準(zhǔn)備。應(yīng)選B項。

63.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段第二句中"thosepeopleforwhomtheroleof

volunteerwasmostpartoftheirpersonalidentitywouldalsobemost

1ikelytocontinuevolunteerwork/z可知志愿者身份認(rèn)同會鼓勵他們繼續(xù)從

事志愿者工作。應(yīng)選C項。

64.A標(biāo)題歸納題。文章首段提出假設(shè)：假設(shè)你是一名組織領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人，很想得到志

愿者的幫助。并指出在此之前，必須弄清志愿者為什么自發(fā)地去效勞社會，并通

過3個實驗研究志愿者的意圖。因此A項（如何使人們從事志愿者效勞）是文章

的最正確標(biāo)題。

【考點定位】議論文閱讀

【名師點睛】議論說理類文章具有以下特點：1.一般按提出問題、分析問題、

解決問題的方法寫作。作者一般從口常生活中的熱點問題、社會上的重大問題、

與讀者息息相關(guān)的問題入手，即提出問題。然后，分析利弊，舉例說明，推理判

斷，即分析問題。最后，闡述觀點，提出方法，即解決問題。2.以作者的觀點

或情感為核心，對細(xì)節(jié)推理等方面進(jìn)行考查。3.文章的主題一般是生活中的熱

點問題、重大問題或與生活息息相關(guān)的問題等?？忌鷳?yīng)注意抓住作者提出的觀點、

給出的例證及最后得出的結(jié)論。同時，理清作為論據(jù)的諸多事例和理由之間以及

它們和觀點/結(jié)論之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，把握文章的結(jié)構(gòu)。

5.[2022?廣東】C

DanielAnderson,afamouspsychologist,believesit'simportantto

distinguishtelevision,sinfluencesonchilcrenfromthoseofthefamily.

WetendtoblameTV,hesays,forproblemsitdoesn'treallycause,

overlookingourownrolesinshapingchildren*sminds.

Onetraditionalbeliefabouttelevisionisthatitreducesachild's

abilitytothinkandtounderstandtheworld.WhilewatchingTV,children

donotmerelyabsorbwordsandimages（影像）.Instead,theylearnboth

explicitandhiddenmeaningsfromwhattheysee.Actual1y,childrenlearn

earlythepsychologyofcharactersinTVshows.Furthermore,asmany

teachersagree,chiIdrenunderstandfarmorewhenparentswatchTVwith

them,explainingnewwordsandideas.Yet,mostparentsuseaneducational

programasachancetoparktheirkidsinfrontofthesetanddosomething

inanotherroom.

Anotherargumentagainsttelevisionisthatitreplacesreadingasaform

ofentertainment.ButaccordingtoAnderson,theamountoftimespent

watchingtelevisionisnotrelatedtoreadingability.TVdoesn,ttake

theplaceofreadingformostchildren;ittakestheplaceofsimilarsorts

ofrecreation,suchaslisteningtotheradioandplayingsports.Things

likeparents*educationalbackgroundhaveastrongerinfluenceona

child,sreading."Achild'sreadingabilityisbestpredictedbyhow

muchaparentreads."Andersonsays.

Traditionalwisdomalsohasitthatheavytelevision-watchinglowersTQ

（智商）scoresandaffectsschoolperformance.Buthere,too,Anderson

notesthatnostudieshaveprovedit.Infact,researchsuggeststhatit'

stheotherwayaround."Ifyou'resmartyoung,you'11watchlessTV

whenyou'reolder,"Andersonsays.Yet,peopleoflowerIQtendtobe

lifelongtelevisionviewers.

Foryearsresearchershaveattemptedtoshowthattelevisionisdangerous

tochildren.However,byshowingthattelevisionpromotesnoneofthe

dangerouseffectsasconventionallybelieved,Andersonsuggeststhat

televisioncannotbecondemnedwithoutconsideringotherinfluences.

36.BywatchingTV,childrenlearn.

A.imagesthroughwords

B.morethanexplicitmeanings

C.moreaboutimagesthanwords

D.littleaboutpeople,spsychology

37.Aneducationalprogramisbestwatchedbyachild.

A.onhisown

B.withotherkids

C.withhisparents

D.withhisteachers

38.Whichofthefollowingismostrelatedtochildren'sreadingability?

A.Radio-listening

B.Television-watching

C.Parents'readinglist

D.Parents'educationalbackground

39.Andersonbelievedthat

A.themoreachildwatchesTV,thesmarterheis

B.theyoungerachildis,themorehewatchesTV

C.thesmarterachildis,thelesslikelyhegetsaddictedtoTV

D.thelessachildwatchesTV,thebetterheperformsatschool

40.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

A.ToadviseontheeducationaluseofTV.

B.TodescribeTV'sharmfuleffectsonchildren.

C.ToexplaintraditionalviewsonTVinfluences.

D.TopresentAndersonJsunconventionalideas.

【解析】

試題分析：本文表達(dá)著名心理學(xué)家DanielAnderson對孩子們看電視的看法，打

破了以往人們認(rèn)為看電視對孩子不好的想法。他認(rèn)為孩子們看電視不知學(xué)到顯現(xiàn)

出來的東西；父母陪孩子看電視，孩子可以學(xué)到更多知識；孩子看電視并沒有代

替孩子閱讀，并沒有影響孩子的智商。

36.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的Instead,theylearnbothexplicitandhidden

meaningsfromwhattheysee.可知孩子們通過看電視，可以學(xué)到顯性和隱藏的

意義，因此不僅僅學(xué)到隱藏的意思。應(yīng)選B。

37.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的Furthermore,asmanyteachersagree,

chiIdrenunderstandfarmorewhenparentswatchTVwiththem”孩子們有

父母陪著看電視理解的更多〃，故推斷教育節(jié)目最好是父母陪著孩子看。應(yīng)選C。

38.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的Thingslikeparents'educational

backgroundhaveastrongerinfluenceonachild*sreading.口J知父母的

教育背景對孩子的閱讀有很強(qiáng)的影響。應(yīng)選D。

39.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的“Ifyou'resmartyoung,you,11watchless

TVwhenyou'reolder"可知如果你小時越聰明，長大看電視看得越來越少。

應(yīng)選C。

40.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的Andersonsuggeststhattelevisioncannot

condemnedwithoutconsideringotherinfluences.uAnderson認(rèn)為不應(yīng)該按

照常規(guī)，不考慮電視的其他影響而去譴責(zé)電視〃故推斷這篇文章的目的是呈現(xiàn)

Anderson打破常規(guī)的想法，應(yīng)選D。

【考點定位】教育類短文閱讀。

【名師點睛】本文側(cè)重考查學(xué)生的細(xì)節(jié)理解能力。問題設(shè)置巧妙，根據(jù)題干要求，

學(xué)生自己閱讀，就能在文中找到答案。尤其第40題，充分考查了學(xué)生的語篇理

解能力。同時，這篇短文提出的一種與常規(guī)不一樣的看法，看電視對孩子是有好

處的。

6.[2022?陜西】C

Theproductionofcoffeebeansisahuge,profitablebusiness,but,

unfortunately,full-sunproductionistakingovertheindustryand

bringingaboutalotofdamage.Thechangeinhowcoffeeisgrownfrom

shade-grownproductiontofull-sunproductionendangersthevery

existenceof,certainanimalsandbirds,andevendisturbstheworld?

secologicalbalance.

Onalocallevel,thedamageoftheforestrequiredbyfull-sunfields

affec