2024年考研英語(yǔ)（一）真題及答案解析

2024年全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語(yǔ)(一)試題Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)There'snothingmorewelcomingthanadooropeningforyou.theneedtoopenorclose,automaticdoorsareessentialin2disabledaprovidegeneral3tocomyears4byAmericansDeeHortonandLewHewitl.theirusehasgrown,their6haveextendedwithinourtechnoloParticularly7inbusylocationsorduringtimemanagementbyreducingtheobstaclesp9makingaccessbothinandoutofbuildimanyofthesedoorsopenhelpsreducethetotaltotheside,withthepabuildingstomaximisetheusablespaceinsidewithouthavisticking-outdoor.TherearemanydiffsignalstotellthemwhentEachautomaticdoorsystem16signaltoopen.Sensortypesarechosento17passers-by.Apressuresensitivematwouldbemore20tolimitthesurveyedtReadthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbyMarkyouranswersontheANNearly2000yearsago,astheRomansbegantopulloutocurioustreasure:10tonsofnails,nearlyamillionofthethings.Thenailhoardwasdiscoveredin1960inafour-metre-deeppitWhyhadtheRomansburiedamillionnails?Thelikelyexplanationisthatwasrushed,andtheydidn'twantthelocalCaledoniansgettingtheirhandsongradeiron.TheRomansburiedthenailLatercivilisationswouldvaluetheskrawmaterial.AsRomaAgrawalexplainsinhernewdcenturyVirginianswouldsometimesbumdowntheirhomesiftheywereplanningtorelocate.Thiswasanattempttorecoverthevaluablenails,whichcouldberTheideathatonemightbumdownanentirehousejusttoreclaimthecostlyandvaluablethesimple-seemThepriceofnailsfellby90%betweenthelate1700sandmid-1900Sichelpointsoutinaresearchpaper.AccordingtoSichel,althoughthefallingpricdrivenpartlybycheaperironandcheaperenergy,mostofthecreditgoestonailmanuwhosimplyfoundmoreefficientwaystoturnsteNailsthemselveshavechangedovertheyears,butSichelstuchangedmuch.RomanlampsandRomcars,butRomannailsarestillclearlynails.Itwouldbeabsurdtosportscarssince1695,bImakenoapologyforbeingobsessedbyaparticularfeatureoftheseobjects:theirpricamaneconomist,afterall.AfterwritingtwobooksaboutthehistoryofleamtisthatwhileitistheenchantinglysTheGutenbergprintingpresstransformedcivilisationnotbychangingthenatureofwritingcost-anditwouldhaveachievedfsurfacestowriteon,thankstoanoften-overlookedtechnologycalledpaper.Solanicheusesuntiltheybecamecheap;nowtheyaretransformingtheglobal21.TheRomansburiedthenail[A]highlightthethriftinessofearlyAmericanc[B]illustratethehighstatusofblacksmihsinthatperiod[C]contrasttheattitudesofdifferentciviD]showthepreciousnessofnail-makingtechnologyatthattime23.Whatplayedthemajorroleinloweringthe[B]Wideruseofnewenergies.[C]Fiercermarketc[D]Reducedcostofrawmaterials.[A]haveundergonemanyte[B]haveremainedbasicallythesamesinceRo[C]arelessstudiedt[D]areoneoftheworld'smostsignificantinventions25.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarisesthelasttwoparagraphs?[A]Cheaptechnologiesbri[B]Technologicalinnovationisintegralto[C]Technologydefinespeople'sunderstandingofth[D]SophisticatedtechnologiesdevelopfrParentingtipsobtainedfromhunter-gatherersicontentedchildren,researchershavesuggested.TheideaisbaastheKungofBotswana,whereeachchildiscaredforbymanyadults.asfourwillhelptolookafteryoungeronesand*baby-wearingAccordingtoDrNikhilChaudhary,anevolutionaryanthropologistatCambridgeUniversithesepractices,Knownasalloparenting,couldleadtolessanxietyforchildrenDrAnnieSwanepoel,achildpsychiatrist,believesthatthereintowesternlife.InGermany,onescresidentshelptolookafterthechildren,anarangementakintoalloparenting.Anothermeasucouldbeencouragingfriendshipsbetweenchildrenindifferentschounsupervisedmixed-ageplaygroupsinhunter-gatherercommunities.napaperpublishedintheJournalofChildPsychologyandPsychiatry,resetthewestermnuclearfamilywasarecentinventionwhichfamilybrokewithevhistory.Thisabruptshifttoan“intensivemotheringnarrative”,whichshouldmanagechildcarealone,waslimatemalexhaustionandhavedangeunter-gatherersocietiesadultsotherthanthepafofachild'scare.OnepreviousstudylookedattheEfépeopleoftheDemocraticRepublicofCongo.ItfoundthatiweeksoldandwerepassedbetweeChaudharysaidthatparentsnowhadlesschildcaresupporthanduringmostofhumans'evolutionaryhistory,butintroducingadditionalcaregiverscouldreducestressandmatermaldepression,whichcouldhavewellbeing.Aninfantbomtoahunter-gatherersocietycouldhavemorethantecontrastsstarklytonurserysettingsintWhilehunter-gathererchildrenleamtfromobservationandplaygroups,researcherssaidthatwestern“instrucmaycontributetoconditionssuchasattentiondeficithyperactivBritainshouldexplorethepossibilitythatoldersiblingshelpintheirownsocialdevelopment.”26.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraph,alloparentingreferstothepracticeof[B]assigningbabiestospecific[D]carryinginfantsaround27.TheschemeinGermanyismentionedtoillustrate[A]anattempttofacilitateintergeneratio[B]anapproachtointegrating[C]theconventionalparentingstyleinwe[D]thedifferencesbetweenwestemAfric[A]alleviateparentingpre[B]consideratefamilyr[D]departsfromthe29.Accordingtoparagraph6,whatcanwe[A]Theytendtofalls[B]Theyhavedifficu[C]Theyoughttoimprovetheirca[D]Theyshouldtryto30.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitl[A]Instructiveteachingadilemmafora[B]Forahappierfamily,leamfromthehunte[C]Mix-agedplaygroup,abetterchoicef[D]Tracingthehistoryofparenting:fromAfricatoEuropeRutkowskiisaPolishdigitalartistwhlandscapes.HehasmadeillustrationUbisoft'sAnno,Dungeons&Dragons,andMagic:TheGatheinthenewworldoftext-to-imageAIgenHisdistinctivestyleisnowoneofthemoAIartgeneratorStableDiffusion,whichwaslaunchedlatelastmonth.Thetoopopularimage-generationAImodels,allowsanyonetocreprompts.Forexample,typein“WizardwithswordandaglowingordragonGregRutkowski,"andthesystemwillproducesomethingthatlookButtheseopen-sourceprogramsarebuiltbyscrapingimagesfromtheIntemet,ofpermissionandproperattributiontoartistsAsarethicsandcopyright.AndAccordingtothewebsiteLexica,whichtracksover10millionimagesbyStableDiffusion,Rutkowski'snamehasbeenusedasapromptaround93,000times.Someoftheworld'smostfamousartists,suchasMichelangelo,PabloPicassobroughtuparound2,000prompthousandsoftimesintheDiscordofanothertext-to-imagegenerator,Midjourney.Rutkowskiwasinitiallysurprisedbutthoughtitmightbeagoodwaytoreachnewaudiencsearchingforhisnametoseeifapiecehehadworkedonbroughtbackworkthathadhisnameattache“It'sbeenjustamonth.Whataboutinayear?Iprobablywon'tbeabletofindmyworkouttherebecause[theintermet]willbefloodedwithAIart,“Rutkowskisays.“"That'sconcerning.”Thereisacoalitiongrowingthis,"saysOrtiz.Thegroupisinitsearlydaysofmobilizatinewpoliciesorregulation.OnesuggestionisthatAImodelscouldbetrapublicdomain,andAIcompaniescouldforgepartnershipswithmuseumsandarti[A]HeisenthusiasticaboutAIgene[B]Heispopularwiththeus[C]Heattractsadmirationf[D]Hespecializesinclassicalpaintingd32.Theproblemwithop[A]lackflexibilityinresponding[B]produceartworksinun[C]makeunauthorizeduseofon[D]collectuserinformat[B]anewmethodtoident[C]AI-generatedworkbearinghisnameD]heateddisputesrega[A]campaignfornewpolicies[C]strengthentheirrelat[B]AI'sexpandedr[D]OpposingviewsonAIdThemiracleoftheChesapeakeBayliesnotinitsdepths,butintconstruction,theinteractionoffreshandsalinewaterandthemixoflandandwater.Thprovidehomesforhundredsofspecieswhilestoringfloodwaters,filteringpollutantsfromwater,andprotectingnearbycommunitiesfrompotentiallydestrAllthiswasputatgreatrisklatelastmonth,whentheUSanIdahocasethatprovidestheSpecifically,a54majoritydecidedthatwetlandsprotectedbytheEPAunderitCleanWauthoritymusthavea“continuoussurfaceconnection”tobodiesofwater.Thisnarrowingoftheregulatoryscopewasavictoryforbuilders,miningoperatatoddswithenvironmentalrules.Anditcarries“significantrepercussfloodcontrolthroughouttheUS,"asJInMaryland,thegoodnewsisthatthereprotections.Butthat'saveryshortsightedview,particularlywhenitcomestTherealityisthatwaterandthepollutantsboundaries.TheChesapeakedrawsfroma64000-square-milewatershedthatextendstoPennsylvania,NewYork,WestVirginia,theDistrictofColumbiaandDelaware.WillthosejurisdictionsextendthesameprotectionsnowdeniedunderSItistooeasy,andmisleading,toseesuchlandownerswhentheconsequencescanbesodirefortheirneighbors.Andit'srEPA'sinvolvementintheChetranscendtheinfluenceofdeep-pocketedspecialinterestsinneighboringstates.Pennfarmers,touseonetellingexample,aren'tthinkingaboutnextyearMarylandwhentheydecidewhethertospreadanimalwasteontheirfields,yettherunoffintonearbycreekscanhaveenomousimpactsdownreviewingtheirownwetlandsprotectionsandseeforthemselvestheenomoWecan'tofferthematriptotheChesapeakeBaymperhapsavisittoBlackwaterNationalWildlifeRefugeinbaldeaglesflyovertidalmarshewithaquaticlife.It'sworththesc[A]avaluenaturale[C]aplacewithcommercial37.TheU.S.SupremeCourt'srulingintheIdahocase[B]weakenstheEPA'sregulatorypower[C]willendconflictsamo[D]mayfaceoppositionf39.WhatcanbeinferedabouttheEPA'sinvolvementinth[A]Ithasrestoredthebalanceamongneighboringjurisdictions.[B]Ithastriggeredaradicalreformincommer[C]Ithassetafineexampleofrespecti[D]Ithasensuredthecoordina40.Theauthorholdsthatth[A]becautiousaboutthe[B]attachdueimportancetowetlandsprotec[D]improvethewellbeingofendangeredsReadthefollowingcommentsonacountriesoforiginandalistofstatementssummarizingthecnotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Simply,therearepeopleithatpartoftheirhistoryandculturerepresentedbytheBeninBronzes.TheseshouldbeavailabletothemaspartoftheirculturalheritageandhistoryandasasourceofnagoodreasonthattheseartifactsshouldbebeyondtheordinaryreachoftheeducationalobjectivestheUnitedStatesorelsewhereexceptascuriousobjects.TheycannotproducedforsalewhichcanbepassedfromhandtohandandplacetoplacebypurcWeknowveryexactreproductionsofartworkcanbeandareregulmuseunsandgovernmentsmightexploresomeroleforthemeansofresolvingissuesrelatingtoreturningworksofartandantiquities.ThecontextofanyexhibitismoreimportanttvalueoftheobjectsondisplayisadistantsecondplaceinimporWhenvisitingtheBaltimoreMuseumofArt,Icameacrossamagnificent15th-centuryChinesesculpture.Itinspiredmetoleammuseumshavethepowertoinspire,andperhapssparknatureoftheircreators.Havingsaidthat,Idofeelthatwhateverartimuseumsshould,infact,besanctionedashavingbeenobtainedonloan,lobtainedbytreaty.Stealingartifactsfrophysicalobjects,butthedignityandspiritoftheircreators.TothoseofyouinthecommentsseartifactsbeingremovedfromcitiesintheUSan[A]Itisclearthatcountriesoforiginhaveneverbeencompensa[B]Itisaflawedlineofreasoningtoargueagainstreturningartifactstotheir[D]Reproductions,evenifperfectlymade,cannottaketheplaceoftheauthenticobjects.[E]Therealvalueofartifactscanonlyberecognizedintheircountriesoforigin[G]Concernoversecurityisnoexcuseforrefusing參考答案：41.E42.C43.FReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentranslationshouldbewrittenclearl“Elephantsneverforget”—orsotheysay—andthatpieceoffolkloreseemstohavesomeTheAfricansavannaelephantalsoknownas37Africancountries.(46)Theysometimestravelareverygoodatworkingoutwheretrackingdevices,researchershaveshownthattheytheirwaytowaterholes,theyheadedoffinexactlytherightdirection,ondistanceofroughlythirtymiles.Whatismore,theyalmostalwaysseemwaterhole.(47)Theresearchersareconvincedthattheelephantsalwaysknowtheyareinrelationtoalltheresourcestheyneed,andcanthereforetakeAlthoughthecuesusedbyAfricanelephantsforunderstood,smellmaywellplayapart.Elephantsareverychoosyeaters,bututheirfood.(48)Onepossibilitywasthattheymerelyusedthefound,butthatwouldprobablyresultinalotofwastedtimeande(49)Thevolatilechemicalsproducedbyplantscanbecarriedalongway,characteristic:Eachplantortreehasitsownparticularodorsignaturedetectedevenwhentheyarenotactuallyvisible.Newresearchfactoringuidingelephants—andprobablyotherherbivores—tothebestfoodresTheresearchersfirstestablishedwhatkindsofplanttheeavoidwhenforagingfreely.Theythensetupa“foodselephantsaseriesofchoicesbasedonlyonsmell.(50)Theexperltoidentifypatchesoftreesthataregoodtoeat,andsecondlytoassesstfthetreeswithineachpatch.Free-rangingelephantspresumablyalsousethisinformation參考譯文：(46)它們有時(shí)跋涉六十多英里尋找食物或水，并且非常善于尋找其他大象的位置——即使它們不在視線范圍內(nèi)。(47)研究人員相信，大象總是知道它們相對(duì)于所有所需資源的準(zhǔn)確位置，因此可以走捷徑，并遵循熟悉的路線。(48)有一種可能性是，大象只是利用視覺并嘗試他們發(fā)現(xiàn)的植物，但這可