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翻譯三級(jí)筆譯實(shí)務(wù)分類模擬真題一EnglishChineseTranslation1.

Musiccomesinmanyforms;mostcountrieshaveastyleof(江南博哥)theirown.Attheturnofthecenturywhenjazz(爵士樂)wasborn,Americahadnoprominentstyleofitsown.Nooneknowsexactlywhenjazzwasinvented,orbywhom,butitbegantobeheardintheearly1900s.JazzisAmerica'scontributiontopopularmusic.Incontrasttoclassicalmusic,whichfollowsformalEuropeantraditions,jazzisspontaneousandfree-form.Itbubbleswithenergy,expressingthemoods,interest,andemotionsofthepeople.Inthe1920sjazzsoundedlikeAmerica,andsoitdoestoday.Theoriginsofthismusicareasinterestingasthemusicitself.AmericanNegroes,orblacks,astheyarecalledtoday,werethejazzpioneers.TheywerebroughttoSouthernStatesasslaves.TheyweresoldtoplantationownersandforcedtoworklonghoursWhenaNegrodiedhisfriendsandrelativesformedaprocessiontocarrythebodytothecemetery.InNewOrleans,abandoftenaccompaniedtheprocession.Onthewaytothecemeterythebandplayedslow,solemnmusicsuitedtotheoccasion.Butonthewayhomethemoodchanged.Spiritslifted.Deathhadremovedoneoftheirnumbers,butthelivingweregladtobealive.Thebandplayedhappymusic,improvising(即興表演)onboththeharmonyandthemelodyofthetunespresentedatthefuneral.Thismusicmadeeveryonewanttodance.Itwasanearlyformofjazz.正確答案:音樂有許多種的形式;大多數(shù)國家的音樂都有他們自己的風(fēng)格。在世紀(jì)之交,當(dāng)爵士樂出現(xiàn)時(shí),美國還沒有它自己的顯著的音樂風(fēng)格。沒有人確切地知道爵士樂是何時(shí)或是由何人創(chuàng)造出來的,但是,早在20世紀(jì)90年代初期,它就開始被人們說起。爵士樂是美國對(duì)流行音樂所做出的貢獻(xiàn)。與效仿正式的歐洲傳統(tǒng)音樂的古典音樂相對(duì)照,爵士樂是自然產(chǎn)生并且是自由形態(tài)的。它用力發(fā)出噗噗的聲音,表達(dá)人們的心情、愛好和情感。20世紀(jì)20年代,爵士樂聽起來令人覺得就像美國的聲音;如今,它也同樣。這種音樂的起源就像它自身一樣有趣。現(xiàn)在被人們所稱的美國黑人,或者黑人,是爵士樂的先驅(qū)。這些人被帶到南部各州去充當(dāng)奴隸。他們被賣給種植園主并且迫使勞動(dòng)很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。當(dāng)一名黑奴死亡時(shí),他的朋友和親屬排成一對(duì)以便把他的遺體送到墓地。在新奧爾良,隊(duì)伍通常有樂隊(duì)隨行。在去墓地的路上,樂隊(duì)演奏適合這種場(chǎng)合的緩慢、莊嚴(yán)的音樂??墒牵诜党痰耐局腥藗兊男那樽兞?,他們情緒高漲。死神已經(jīng)奪走了他們一群人中的一員,但是活著的人們應(yīng)該為自己還活著而感到高興。樂隊(duì)演奏愉快的音樂,在葬禮上即興演奏和諧與優(yōu)美的曲調(diào)。這種音樂使每個(gè)人都想舞蹈。這就是爵士樂的早期形式。

2.

Itmayalsobesaidthatreasonable,industrious,usefulhumanbeingsaredividedintotwoclasses:first,thosewhoseworkisworkandwhosepleasureispleasure;andsecondly,thosewhoseworkandpleasureareone.Ofthesetheformerarethemajority.Theyhavetheircompensations.Thelonghoursintheofficeorthefactory,bringwiththemastheirreward,notonlythemeansofliving,butakeenappetiteforpleasureeveninitssimplestandmostmodestforms.ButFortune'sfavoredchildrenbelongtothesecondclass.Theirlifeisanaturalharmony.

Forthemtheworkinghoursareneverlongenough.Eachdayisaholiday,andordinaryholidayswhentheycomeareregardedasenforcedinterruptionsintheirabsorbingwork.正確答案:一般通情達(dá)理、勤奮、有用的人據(jù)說可以分為兩類:第一類人認(rèn)為工作就是工作,娛樂就是娛樂;第二類人則把工作和娛樂視為一體。這兩類人中第一類人占大多數(shù)。他們有自己的補(bǔ)償。辦公室或工廠里長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的勞累給他們帶來的報(bào)酬不僅是謀生的手段,還給他們帶來了殷切要求娛樂的欲望,哪怕是最簡(jiǎn)單最樸素的娛樂。第二類人才是命運(yùn)之驕子。他們的生活是一種天然的和諧。對(duì)他們來說,工作時(shí)間永遠(yuǎn)顯得不夠長(zhǎng)。每一天都是假日。當(dāng)假日來臨時(shí),他們則認(rèn)為這些假日強(qiáng)行打斷了他們引人入勝的工作。

3.

Duringthewholeofadull,darkandsoundlessdayintheautumnoftheyear,whenthecloudshungoppressivelylowintheheavens,Ihadbeenpassingalone,onhorseback,throughasingularlydrearytractofcountry,andatlengthfoundmyself,astheshadesoftheeveningdrewon,withinviewofthemelancholyHouseofUsher.ThusEdgarAllanPoeopenedhisstoryofTheFalloftheHouseofUsherin1839.Inthisbeautifullycraftedsentencehecapturedsomuchthatisessentialtothehorrorstory:darkness,ominoussolitude,forebodingcalm,apprehensionanduncertainty,andadeepfeelingofmelancholythatcouldsoonturntofear.正確答案:在這年秋的某一天,陰沉、昏暗、寂靜并且天空烏云低沉。此時(shí)我正騎馬獨(dú)自穿行在鄉(xiāng)下的一個(gè)特別沉悶的地方。最后當(dāng)夜幕降臨時(shí),我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己到了沉郁的厄舍古廈的視野范圍之內(nèi)。1839年,埃德加·愛倫·坡就這樣開始了他的小說《厄舍古廈的倒塌》。在他斟酌精美的句子里,他把握住了恐怖故事的許多特征:黑暗、不祥的荒僻、寂靜、恐懼、不安和一種隨時(shí)可能變成恐懼的深深的憂郁。

4.

OthertrendsandinventionshadalsohelpedmakeitpossibleforAmericanstovarytheirdailydiets.Growingurbanpopulationscreateddemandthatencouragedfruitandvegetablefarmerstoraisemoreproduce.Railroadrefrigeratorcarenabledgrowersandmeatpackerstoshipperishablesgreatdistanceandtopreservethemforlongerperiods.Thus,bythe1890's,northerncitydwellerscouldenjoysouthernandwesternstrawberries,grapesandtomatoes,previouslyavailableforamonthatmost,foruptosixmonthoftheyear.Inaddition,increaseduseoficeboxesenabledfamiliestostoreperishables.Aneasymeansofproducingicecommerciallyhadbeeninventedinthe1870's,andby1900thenationhadmorethantwothousandcommercialiceplants,mostofwhichmadehomedeliveries.Theiceboxbecameafixtureinmosthomesandremainedsountilthemechanizedrefrigeratorreplaceditinthe1920'sand1930's.正確答案:其他各種趨勢(shì)和發(fā)明也使美國人日常飲食的多樣化成為可能。不斷增長(zhǎng)的城市人口對(duì)水果和蔬菜的需求加大,這就促使果農(nóng)和菜農(nóng)必須增加水果和蔬菜的產(chǎn)量。有了鐵路冷藏車,種植者和肉類包裝業(yè)者就可以遠(yuǎn)距離運(yùn)輸易腐敗食品,并且可以將這些食品保存較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。因此,到了19世紀(jì)90年代,北方城市的居民能夠吃到南部和西部的草莓、葡萄和番茄。在以前,一年當(dāng)中只有一個(gè)月可以買到這些水果,而現(xiàn)在一年中有六個(gè)月可以買得到。另外,冰箱使用量的增加使人們能夠在家里存儲(chǔ)易腐敗食品。19世紀(jì)70年代,一種商業(yè)化生產(chǎn)冰的簡(jiǎn)易方法被發(fā)明出來。到了1900年,全國有2000多家商業(yè)冰工廠,其中多數(shù)都生產(chǎn)家庭用冰。在多數(shù)家庭里冰箱成為一種固定設(shè)備,并且一直持續(xù)著這種情形,直至20世紀(jì)20年代和30年代機(jī)械化冰箱將之代替。

5.

Tenyearsagoitappearedthatnuclearpowerwouldsolvetheanticipatedenergycrisis.Althoughsuppliesofuraniumfuelwereknowntobelimitedandmightbecomeexhaustedinhalfacentury,thenuclearpowerplanthasforalongtimebeenfavoriteproject.Butworkonithasmetwithgraveproblems.Thefearofpossibleatomicexplosionandtheproblemsofdisposingofpollutingbyproductwastehavebeensloweddowntheconstructionoffurthernuclearplants.Eventuallyatomictechnologymaybeabletocontroltheseproblems,butatpresentthereseemstobealittleagreementamongatomicscientistsaboutwhenthiscanbeachieved.正確答案:十年前,核能源似乎能夠解決預(yù)期的能源危機(jī)。盡管鈾燃料的供應(yīng)有限,并且在半個(gè)世紀(jì)內(nèi)可能會(huì)枯竭是眾人皆知的事,但長(zhǎng)久以來核電站一直是受人歡迎的項(xiàng)目。然而,原子能發(fā)電站的工作已面臨嚴(yán)重的問題。由于對(duì)可能發(fā)生的核爆炸所產(chǎn)生的恐懼以及污染性廢料的難以處理,減緩了核電站進(jìn)一步的建設(shè)。原子能技術(shù)最終是有可能解決這些難題的。但對(duì)于何時(shí)才能實(shí)現(xiàn)這種可能性,目前在原子能科學(xué)家中似乎還未達(dá)成一致見解。

翻譯三級(jí)筆譯實(shí)務(wù)分類模擬題16EnglishChineseTranslation1.

Therolesofadmissionintotheworldeconomynotonlyreflectlittleawarenessofdevelopingpriorities,theyareoftencompletelyunrelatedtosensibleeconomicprinciples.Forinstance,WTOagreementsonanti-dumping,subsidiesandcountervailingmeasures,agriculture,textiles,andtrade-relatedintellectualpropertyfightslackanyeconomicrationalebeyondthemercantilistinterestofanarrowsetofpowerfulgroupsinadvancedindustrialcountries.Bilateralandregionaltradeagreementsaletypicallyfarworse,astheyimposeeventighterprerequisitesondevelopingcountriesinreturnforcrumbsofenhanced"marketaccess."Forexample,theAfricanGrowthandOpportunityActsignedbyU.S.PresidentClintoninMay2000providesincreasedaccesstotheU.S.marketonlyifAfricanapparelmanufacturersuseU.S.-producedfabricandyarns.ThisrestrictionseverelylimitsthepotentialeconomicspilloverinAfricancountries.正確答案:世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的管理秩序不僅反映出對(duì)發(fā)展優(yōu)先順序的一無所知,而且往往與合理的經(jīng)濟(jì)原則全然不符。比如說,世界貿(mào)易組織關(guān)于反傾銷、補(bǔ)貼與反補(bǔ)貼措施、農(nóng)業(yè)、紡織品以及與貿(mào)易有關(guān)的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)協(xié)定都缺乏經(jīng)濟(jì)的基本理論依據(jù),純粹是為了維護(hù)發(fā)達(dá)工業(yè)國家少數(shù)的貿(mào)易集團(tuán)的利益。雙邊和地區(qū)貿(mào)易協(xié)定表現(xiàn)得尤為突出,因?yàn)闉榱送貙捠袌?chǎng)準(zhǔn)入途徑,發(fā)展中國家往往被迫接受一些更為嚴(yán)苛的前提條件。例如美國總統(tǒng)克林頓于2000年5月簽署的《非洲增長(zhǎng)與機(jī)遇法案》,雖然放寬了非洲服裝制造商面向美國的服裝出口條件,但前提是他們必須使用美國生產(chǎn)的布料和紗線。這個(gè)限定大大限制了法案在非洲各國可能產(chǎn)生的經(jīng)濟(jì)影響。

2.

Waterisalimitednaturalresourceandapublicgoodfundamentalforlifeandhealth.Thehumanrighttowaterisindispensableforleadingalifeinhumandignity.Itisaprerequisitefortherealizationofotherhumanrights.TheCommitteehasbeenconfrontedcontinuallywiththewidespreaddenialoftherighttowaterindevelopingaswellasdevelopedcountries.Over1billionpersonslackaccesstoabasicwatersupply,whileseveralbilliondonothaveaccesstoadequatesanitation,whichistheprimarycauseofwatercontaminationanddiseaseslinkedtowater.Thecontinuingcontamination,depletionandunequaldistributionofwaterisexacerbatingexistingpoverty.Stateshavetoadopteffectivemeasurestorealize,withoutdiscrimination,therighttowater.正確答案:水是有限的自然資源,是生命和健康的根本公共物品。對(duì)于有尊嚴(yán)的人類生活而言,獲得水資源的權(quán)利是必不可少的,它是人們獲得其他權(quán)利的前提。在發(fā)展中國家和發(fā)達(dá)國家,委員會(huì)總是會(huì)碰到普遍存在的用水權(quán)利得不到滿足的問題。超過10億的人口無法得到基本的水供應(yīng),同時(shí),幾十億人口沒有充足的衛(wèi)生設(shè)施,衛(wèi)生設(shè)施的欠缺又恰恰是水污染和與水相關(guān)疾病的主要誘因。持續(xù)的污染、枯竭和水資源的不均衡分布使貧困狀況日益加劇。各國應(yīng)摒棄歧視,采取有效措施來保證人類獲得水資源的權(quán)利。

3.

Academicfreedomincludesthelibertyofindividualstoexpressfreelyopinionsabouttheinstitutionorsysteminwhichtheywork,tofulfilltheirfunctionswithoutdiscriminationorfearofrepressionbytheStateoranyotheractor,toparticipateinprofessionalorrepresentativeacademicbodies,andtoenjoyalltheinternationallyrecognizedhumanrightsapplicabletootherindividualsinthesamejurisdiction.Theenjoymentofacademicfreedomcarrieswithitobligations,suchasthedutytorespecttheacademicfreedomofothers,toensurethefairdiscussionofcontraryviews,andtotreatallwithoutdiscriminationonanyoftheprohibitedgrounds.正確答案:學(xué)術(shù)自由指?jìng)€(gè)體有權(quán)自由地表達(dá)他們對(duì)所在的機(jī)構(gòu)或系統(tǒng)的意見,有權(quán)履行他們的職責(zé)而不受歧視或者擔(dān)心政府與其他人的壓制,有權(quán)參加專業(yè)或有代表性的學(xué)術(shù)團(tuán)體,以及有權(quán)享受所有國際公認(rèn)的適用于在同一管轄范圍內(nèi)的其他人群的人權(quán)。在享有學(xué)術(shù)自由權(quán)利的同時(shí)也需承擔(dān)義務(wù),例如,尊重他人的學(xué)術(shù)自由,確保對(duì)反對(duì)觀點(diǎn)的合理討論,并且一視同仁的義務(wù)。

4.

Thestandardizededucationalorpsychologicaltestsarewidelyusedtoaidinselecting,classifying,assigning,orpromotingstudents,employeesandmilitarypersonnel.Buttheyhavebeenthetargetofrecentattacksinbooks,magazines,andeveninCongress.Thetargetiswrong,forinattackingthetests,criticsdivertattentionfromthefaultthatlieswithill-informedorincompetentusers.Theteststhemselvesaremerelytools,withcharacteristicsthatcanbemeasuredwithreasonableprecisionunderspecifiedconditions.Whethertheresultswillbevaluable,meaningless,orevenmisleadingdependspartlyuponthetoolsthemselvesbutlargelyupontheuser.正確答案:現(xiàn)在,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化教育測(cè)試或心理測(cè)試廣泛應(yīng)用于協(xié)助選拔、分類、委派或提升學(xué)生、雇員和軍事人員,這些測(cè)試一直是某些人近年來在圖書、雜志、日?qǐng)?bào),甚至國會(huì)中抨擊的目標(biāo)。把這種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化測(cè)試作為抨擊的目標(biāo)是不對(duì)的,因?yàn)樵谂険暨@類測(cè)試時(shí),批評(píng)者沒有考慮其弊病來自人們對(duì)測(cè)試不甚了解或者使用不當(dāng)。這些測(cè)試本身只是一種工具,其各種特征是可以在規(guī)定的條件下用相當(dāng)?shù)木葋頊y(cè)定的。測(cè)試的結(jié)果是有價(jià)值的,還是無意義的,甚至是誤導(dǎo)的,在某種程度上取決于這種工具本身,但主要取決于測(cè)試的使用者。

5.

Successinimprovingstudents'thinkingskillswillrequirelong-termcommitmentandacontinuingemphasisonthoseproventeachingmethodsandactivitiesthatengagestudentsinthinking,explicitlyfocusonspecificthinkingskills,andhelpstudentsbecomemoreawareoftheirownthoughtprocesses.Instructioninthinkingskillswillhavelastingbenefits—studentsbetterabletoacquirenewinformation,toexaminecomplexissuescritically,andtosolvenewproblems.Inaworldofrapidchangeandincreasingcomplexity,itisdifficulttoimagineskillsthataremorefundamental.LiketheabilitytofishintheChineseproverb,theabilitytothinklastsalifetime.正確答案:成功地提高學(xué)生的思維技能要求長(zhǎng)期的努力和不斷地重視那些已被證明行之有效的教學(xué)方法和教學(xué)活動(dòng),這些方法和活動(dòng)使學(xué)生參與思維,明確地將重點(diǎn)放在某一具體的思維技巧上,并幫助學(xué)生更好地意識(shí)到他們自己的思維過程。在思維技能方面的指導(dǎo)能使學(xué)生一生受益——學(xué)生將具有更強(qiáng)的獲得信息、批判地分析復(fù)雜問題和解決新問題的能力。在一個(gè)變化迅猛,日益復(fù)雜的世界,難以想象還有更為基本的技能。就像一條中國諺語中所談到的釣魚的能力那樣,思維能力也使人終身得益。

翻譯三級(jí)筆譯實(shí)務(wù)分類模擬題20EnglishChineseTranslation1.

Theuseofthebicycle,orsomemoremodernderivativeofit,isprobablyworthmoreconsiderationthanhasrecentlybeengiventoit.Thebicycleitselfisaremarkablyefficientandsimpledeviceforusinghumanmuscularenergyfortransportation.Inpureenergyterms,itisfourtofivetimesasefficientaswalking,eventhoughhumanwalkingitselfistwiceasefficientasthemovementofeffectiveanimalssuchasdogsorgulls.Itisstillwidelyused,notonlyinsomedevelopingcountrieswherebicyclesaremajormeansofpeopleandgoods,butinafewrichertownssuchasAmsterdaminHollandandCambridgeinEngland.正確答案:騎普通的或是更加現(xiàn)代化的自行車或許值得我們給予更多的考慮。自行車本身是一種可以把人的體能轉(zhuǎn)化為運(yùn)輸?shù)姆浅S行У暮?jiǎn)單裝置。從純粹的能量上講,騎車的效率是步行的4到5倍,雖然人類步行的效率已經(jīng)比像狗或海鷗這樣行動(dòng)有效的動(dòng)物要高一倍。自行車仍然被廣泛使用著,不僅一些發(fā)展中國家把自行車當(dāng)作是主要的交通和運(yùn)輸工具,而且少數(shù)幾個(gè)較為富裕的城市,像荷蘭的阿姆斯特丹和英格蘭的劍橋也是如此。

2.

Itusuallygivesinadequateprotectionfromtheweather,isnotverysuitableforcarryinggoods,anddemandsconsiderablemuscularworktomakeprogressagainstwindoruphill.Italsooffersitsridernoprotectionagainstcollisionswithothervehicles.Allthesedifficultiescould,however,begreatlyeliminated,ifnotremoved,withrelativelysmallchangesindesign.Thewholemachinecouldbeenclosedinaplasticbubblewhichwouldprovidesomeprotectionincaseofaccidents.正確答案:通常自行車無法不受天氣的影響,也不是很適合攜帶物品,而且刮風(fēng)和上坡的時(shí)候需要相當(dāng)?shù)捏w能才能前進(jìn)。與其他交通工具相撞時(shí)騎車人得不到任何防護(hù)。但是所有這些困難即使無法根除也能得到很好地解決,只要設(shè)計(jì)上做相對(duì)較小的改變。整輛車可以用塑料防護(hù)罩包起來,這樣一旦發(fā)生事故可以提供一些防護(hù)。

3.

Itwouldbeeasytoaddasmallpetrolorelectricmotor.Awidevarietyofdesignswouldbepossible.Asinrowing,wemightemploythepowerofthearmsorthegeneralbodymusculature,aswellasthoseofthelegs;moremuscularexercisewouldbegoodforthehealthofmanypeopleincities,andawideuseofbicyclelikemuscle-poweredvehicleswouldbeausefulwaytoensurethis.Itcouldalsoprovideampleopportunitiesforshowingoffbytheyoungandvigorous.正確答案:加個(gè)燃油或是電的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)很容易。各種各樣的設(shè)計(jì)都是可行的。在騎車過程中,我們不僅要使用雙腿的力量,還要使用手臂和全身肌肉的力量;對(duì)于很多在城市中生活的人來說,更多的肌肉練習(xí)有益健康,廣泛地把自行車當(dāng)作肌肉練習(xí)的工具使用,將會(huì)是保證這一點(diǎn)的有效方法。這也可以給年輕又有活力的人提供大量的機(jī)會(huì)炫耀自己。

4.

Telecommuting—substitutingthecomputerforthetriptothejob—hasbeenhailedasasolutiontoallkindsofproblemsrelatedtoofficework.Forworkersitpromisesfreedomfromtheoffice,lesstimewastedintraffic,andhelpwithchild-careconflicts.Formanagement,telecommutinghelpskeephighperformersonboard,minimizeslatenessandabsenteeismbyeliminatingcommuters,allowsperiodsofsolitudeforhigh-concentrationtasks,andprovidesschedulingflexibility.Insomeareas,suchasSouthernCaliforniaandSeattle,Washington,localgovernmentsareencouragingcompaniestostarttelecommutingprogramsinordertoreducerush-hourtrafficandimproveairquality.正確答案:遠(yuǎn)程辦公——用電腦代替上班——已經(jīng)被譽(yù)為一種能解決所有辦公室相關(guān)問題的措施。對(duì)于工人來說,它可以保證他們從辦公室的束縛中解脫出來,減少在交通上浪費(fèi)的時(shí)間,而且有助于解決工作和照顧孩子不能兼顧的矛盾。對(duì)于管理層來說,遠(yuǎn)程辦公有助于保持高出勤率,通過取消通勤把遲到和曠工減到最少,它允許你有單獨(dú)的時(shí)間處理需要注意力高度集中的任務(wù),而且提供靈活的日程安排。在有些地區(qū),像南加州、西雅圖、華盛頓,為了緩和高峰期的交通,改善空氣質(zhì)量,地方政府正在鼓勵(lì)公司開展遠(yuǎn)程辦公項(xiàng)目。

5.

Butthesebenefitsdonotcomeeasily.Makingatelecommutingprogramworkrequirescarefulplanningandanunderstandingofthedifferencesbetweentelecommutingrealitiesandpopularimages.Manyworkersareseducedbyrosyillusionsoflifeasatelecommuter.AcomputerprogrammerfromNewYorkCitymovestothequietAdirondackMountainsandstaysincontactwithherofficeviacomputer.Amanagercomesintohisofficethreedaysaweekandworksathometheothertwo.Anaccountantstayshometocareforhersickchild;shehooksuphertelephonemodemconnectionsanddoesofficeworkbetweencallstothedoctor.正確答案:但以上所述的好處并不是輕而易舉得到的。制定遠(yuǎn)程辦公項(xiàng)目工作要求仔細(xì)計(jì)劃并理解遠(yuǎn)程辦公的現(xiàn)狀和公眾的印象之間存在距離。很多員工幻想當(dāng)一個(gè)遠(yuǎn)程辦公人員的美好生活而著迷。一位從紐約搬到安靜的Adirondack山脈的電腦程序員,只通過電腦與公司保持聯(lián)系。一位經(jīng)理一周內(nèi)只有三天去辦公室上班,其他兩天在家辦公。一位會(huì)計(jì)呆在家里照顧生病的孩子;她一邊連上電話線上網(wǎng)工作,一邊忙里偷閑給醫(yī)生打電話。

翻譯三級(jí)筆譯實(shí)務(wù)分類模擬題30Chinese-EnglishTranslation1.

人類創(chuàng)造力的上升被看作是經(jīng)濟(jì)生活所定義的特征,推動(dòng)我們這個(gè)時(shí)代正在發(fā)生的巨大變化。由于新的技術(shù)、新的工業(yè)、新的財(cái)富的相繼產(chǎn)生,創(chuàng)造力已經(jīng)開始被重視起來。結(jié)果,我們的生活和社會(huì)開始和創(chuàng)造性的思想交相呼應(yīng)。正是因?yàn)槲覀冊(cè)诟鱾€(gè)方面對(duì)創(chuàng)造力的認(rèn)同,形成了我們這個(gè)時(shí)代潛在的精神。

創(chuàng)造力對(duì)于我們今天的生活和工作是至關(guān)重要的。從許多意義上來講,在市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)中,不涉及大競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)的情況下,生活水平的巨大改進(jìn)總是來自更好的食譜,而不是更多的烹飪。也許會(huì)有人舉例說明,從早期的工業(yè)革命到現(xiàn)代時(shí)代這么長(zhǎng)的時(shí)期內(nèi),在工業(yè)領(lǐng)域中,許多生產(chǎn)效率的進(jìn)步和物質(zhì)生活財(cái)富的增長(zhǎng)并不僅僅來源于創(chuàng)造性的發(fā)明,如蒸汽機(jī),還來源于講求量的商業(yè)方法的廣泛應(yīng)用,比如大規(guī)模的勞動(dòng)分工、資本集中、垂直統(tǒng)一管理和規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì),但是這些方法本身就是創(chuàng)造性的發(fā)展。正確答案:Poweringthegreatongoingchangesofourtimeistheriseofhumancreativityasthedefiningfeatureeconomiclife.Creativityhascometobevaluedbecausenewtechnologies,newindustriesandnewwealthflowfromit.Andasaresult,outlivesandsocietyhavebeguntoechowithcreativeideas.Itisourcommitmenttocreativityinitsvarieddimensionsthatformstheunderlyingspiritofoutage.

Creativityisessentialtothewayweliveandworktoday,andinmanysensesalwayshasbeen.Thebigadvancesinstandardofliving—nottomentionthebigcompetitiveadvantagesinthemarketplace—alwayshavecomefrombetterrecipes,notjustmorecooking.Onemightarguethat'snotstrictlytrue.Onemightpointout,forinstance,thatduringthelongperiodfromtheearlydayontheIndustrialRevolutiontomoderntimes,muchofthegrowthinproductivityandmaterialwealthintheindustrialnationscamenotjustfromcreativeinventionslikethesteamengine,butfromthewidespreadapplicationofcookinginquantitybusinessmethodslikemassivedivisionoflabor,concentrationofassets,verticalintegrationandeconomiesofscale.Butthosemethodsthemselveswerecreativedevelopments.

2.

飲用水和家庭用水常常取自于地下水。為了保護(hù)地下水源,地方用水管理機(jī)構(gòu)可以向當(dāng)?shù)氐男姓?dāng)局申請(qǐng),把某些區(qū)域標(biāo)識(shí)出來作為水保護(hù)區(qū)。估算這些水保護(hù)區(qū)面積的方法是:從水保護(hù)區(qū)抽取的地下水?dāng)?shù)量相當(dāng)于實(shí)際滲入水保護(hù)區(qū)的雨水流量。在水保護(hù)區(qū)禁止或限制了對(duì)該區(qū)土地的一些使用和在該區(qū)土地上的一些活動(dòng)。水保護(hù)區(qū)劃分成三個(gè)區(qū),第三區(qū)是最外層的區(qū)域,環(huán)繞著地下水井,直徑有4公里。在這里不允許修建化工廠或使用殺蟲劑。

第二區(qū)被劃分在被稱之為50天線的周圍,人們?cè)O(shè)想,50天后地下水中有害的細(xì)菌將會(huì)全部死亡。這個(gè)地區(qū)禁止修建住宅和儲(chǔ)存化肥。第一區(qū)是以地下井為中心10米以內(nèi)的地域。不得以任何形式使用該區(qū)的土地,任何人未經(jīng)許可不得進(jìn)入該區(qū)。正確答案:Drinkingwaterandwaterfordomesticuseoftencomefromgroundwater.Inordertoprotectthiswater,localwaterauthoritiescanapplytolocaladministrativeauthoritiestomarkcertainlocationsaswaterprotectionareas.Thesizeoftheseareasiscalculatedinsuchawaythatthequantityofgroundwatertakenfromthemcorrespondstotheactualrainfallgoingintothem.Inthewaterprotectionareascertainusesofthelandandactivitiesonthelandarebannedorrestricted.Waterprotectionareasfallintothreezones.Zone3istheoutermostzonewithadiameterof4kilometersaroundthegroundwaterwell.Herenochemicalworksortheuseofpesticides(殺蟲劑)areallowed.Zone2isdeterminedaroundtheso-called50-dayline.Itisassumedthatafter50daysinthegroundwaterharmfulbacteriawillhavediedoff.Heresettlementsandfertilizerstorageareforbidden.Zone1markstheten-meterboundaryaroundthewell.Here,anyuseoftheland,aswellasaccessbyunauthorizedpersons,isforbidden.

3.

自從1981年以來,荷蘭農(nóng)民被鼓勵(lì)采用“綠色”農(nóng)耕技術(shù),人們認(rèn)為這有益于植物和鳥類的生活。自愿采用這些技術(shù)的農(nóng)民會(huì)得到歐盟的補(bǔ)償。這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃的目標(biāo)是消除現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)的負(fù)面影響,如物種多樣性的下降、對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)刂菜诘氐那謹(jǐn)_等。

歐盟每年在“綠色”耕種技術(shù)上的花費(fèi)大約是17億歐元,這約占“共同農(nóng)業(yè)政策”預(yù)算的4%,并且在未來幾年內(nèi),對(duì)該項(xiàng)計(jì)劃的補(bǔ)償費(fèi)用預(yù)計(jì)會(huì)上漲到10%。

已證實(shí)在世界各地所采用的各種形式的“綠色耕種”是成功的。所有被認(rèn)為對(duì)環(huán)境有影響的新方法應(yīng)接受可靠的科學(xué)評(píng)估,然后再確定這些新方法是否真正達(dá)到了預(yù)定目標(biāo)。正確答案:Since1981,farmersinHollandhavebeenencouragedtoadopt"green"farmingtechniquesthatwerethoughttobenefitplantandbirdlife.FarmerswhohavevoluntarilyadoptedthesemeasuresarecompensatedbytheEuropeanUnion.Thegoaloftheprogramistoworkagainstthenegativeeffectsofmodemfarming,suchasdeclinesinspeciesdiversityandthedisturbanceoflocalnestinggrounds.

The"green"methodsoffarmingcosttheEuropeanUnionabout1.7billionEurosannually.Thisisabout4percentofthebudgetfor"CommonAgriculturalPolicy",andthecompensationisexpectedtoriseto10percentwithinthenextfewyears.

Variousformsof"greenfarming"employedaroundtheworldhaveprovedsuccessful,andallnewmethodsthoughttobeenvironmentallysensitiveshouldbesubjecttosoundscientificevaluationtodeterminewhethertheyareactuallymeetingtheintendedgoals.

4.

我們所知的事實(shí)是,戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)并非像很多人相信的那樣完全是“人性”的產(chǎn)物。如果正如許多人所信的那樣,戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)和人與人之間的暴力會(huì)在整個(gè)人類歷史上并且在所有或者幾乎所有的社會(huì)里存在。事實(shí)并非如此??脊艑W(xué)家的調(diào)查結(jié)果似乎表明人類在很久以前是比較講和平的。舉例來說,在早先的法國洞穴繪畫里,早于約公元前10000年的繪畫中沒有人與人打仗的畫面。這一點(diǎn)提示,在人類早期那段時(shí)間里,相對(duì)而言人與人打仗是鮮為人知的。

從某種意義上講,這一發(fā)現(xiàn)并沒有什么可以大驚小怪的。在動(dòng)物世界中,動(dòng)物捕殺自己種類的現(xiàn)象是很少見的。他們確實(shí)捕殺其他種類的動(dòng)物,但是不會(huì)捕殺他們自己的種類。像大多數(shù)動(dòng)物一樣,早期的人類中出現(xiàn)人類內(nèi)部暴力的比例相對(duì)較低。因此,戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)不是人性固有的產(chǎn)物,而是某些社會(huì)和文化條件產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。正確答案:Thefactknowntousisthatwar,differentfromwhatmanypeoplebelieveittobe,isnotcompletelyanoutcomeof"humanity".Otherwise,warandviolenceamongpeoplewouldexistinallthehumanhistoryoralmostallsocieties.However,thisisnotthetruth.Archaeologists'investigationresultsseemtosuggestthatmenlivedquiteapeacefullifelongago.Forexample,amongancientFrenchcavedrawingswhichwereearlierthan10,000B.C.,therewerenopicturesdescribingpeoplefightingwitheachother.Thisindicatesthat,inthatearlyperiodofmankind,fightamongpeoplewascomparativelyrare.

Inacertainway,thisdiscoveryisnotsurprisingatall:intheworldofanimals,it'srareforonetopreyonanotherofitsownspecies.Theydokillotherkindsofanimals,butnottheirown.Likemostanimals,theproportionofinnerviolenceamongearlyhumanbeingswasrelativelysmall.Therefore,warisnottheinherentoutcomeofhumanitybutthatofcertainsocialandculturalconditions.

5.

幾乎每一天,媒體發(fā)現(xiàn)非裔美國人社區(qū)為威脅環(huán)境的某種形式而戰(zhàn),這些威脅來自土地中彌漫,垃圾堆放地,石化廠,煉油廠,巴士車廠,不勝枚舉。很多年來,居民們看到他們的社區(qū)變成垃圾場(chǎng)卻無能為力。

但是市民們沒有長(zhǎng)時(shí)間保持沉默。當(dāng)?shù)氐募みM(jìn)主義分子團(tuán)體從1968年就開始在環(huán)境爭(zhēng)議的保護(hù)下組織了。三十多年前,環(huán)境正義的概念還沒有在環(huán)境的或民事權(quán)利的群體雷達(dá)網(wǎng)上注冊(cè)。但是環(huán)境正義在民事權(quán)利庇護(hù)下正合適。應(yīng)該記得馬丁·路德金1968年跟著環(huán)境和經(jīng)濟(jì)使團(tuán)去孟斐斯尋找支持那些工資過低的掃除垃圾的工人,他們的基本職責(zé)容易使他們自己處于環(huán)境危險(xiǎn)的狀況。

1979年,緊隨著20世紀(jì)80年代同樣的訴訟努力,在休斯敦環(huán)境歧視訴訟領(lǐng)域的一個(gè)里程碑,給予了的激進(jìn)主義分子們勇敢的抵抗社團(tuán)并拒絕政府干預(yù)。正確答案:AlmosteverydaythemediadiscoversanAfricanAmericancommunityfightingsomeformofenvironmentalthreatfromlandfills,garbagedumps,petrochemicalplants,refineries,busdepots,andthelistgoeson.Foryears,residentswatchedhelplesslyastheircommunitiesbecamedumpinggrounds.

Butcitizensdidn'tremainsilentforlong.Localactivistshavebeenorganizingunderthemantleofenvironmentaljusticesinceasfarbackas1968.Morethanthreedecadesago,theconceptofenvironmentaljusticehadnotregisteredontheradarscreensofmanyenvironmentalorcivilrightsgroups.Butenvironmentaljusticefitssquarelyunderthecivilrightsumbrella.ItshouldnotbeforgottenthatDr.MartinLutherKingJr.wenttoMemphisonanenvironmentalandeconomicjusticemissionin1968,seekingsupportforstrikinggarbageworkerswhowereunderpaidandwhosebasicdutiesexposedthemtoenvironmentallyhazardousconditions.

In1979,alandmarkenvironmentaldiscriminationlawsuitfiledinHouston,followedbysimilarlitigationeffortsinthe1980s,ralliedactiviststostanduptocorporationsanddemandgovernmentintervention.

翻譯三級(jí)筆譯實(shí)務(wù)分類模擬題35英譯漢1.

Ecotourism

Thinkingaboutgoingoffthebeatenpathforyournextvacation?Ifso,youmightbeoneofthemanypeoplewhoareenjoyingarelativelynewmodeoftravelknownasecotourism.Asthenameimplies,ecotourismfocusesonconservingtheecologyandnaturalheritageoftouristdestinations.Inaddition,ecotourismfeaturesindigenousculturesandpromoteswaysforlocalcommunitiestocontrolandmaintaintheirresources.

Inthepast,vacationersusuallyspenttheirtimestayingatluxuryhotelsandvisitingfamouslandmarksandmuseumsincitiessuchasNewYork,ParisandTokyo.OtherspreferredtorelaxonthebeautifulbeachesofHawaiiorthedeckofacruiseshipinthesunnyCaribbean.Therewaslittleinteractionwiththelocalpeopleandovercrowdingoftenspoiledthenaturalbeautyofpopularvacationspots.Inaddition,excessivecommercializationturnedmanyplacesintotouristtraps.

Sincetheearly1980s,however,adventure-orientedandnature-basedvacationactivitieshavebecomeincreasinglypopular.Developingalongsideaglobalriseinenvironmentalconsciousnessandrespectforculturaldiversity,ecotourismistheoneofthefastestgrowingsectorsofthetravelandtourismindustry.

MountainclimbingintheHimalayas,roughingitonawildernessexpedition,trekkingintheAmazonrainforestandwhalewatchingonthehighseasareattractivealternativestotheurbancomfortsoffive-starhotelsandclassyrestaurants.

Butecotourismmeansmorethanjusttravelingtoremotedestinations.Theconceptalsoemphasizeseducatingvisitorsaboutlocalpeople,customsandculturalheritage.Perhapsmostimportantly,itinvolvesamethodicalapproachtotourismthatminimizesthenegativeimpactonnaturalhabitatsandgiveshostcommunitiesaleadingroleindecision-makingprocesses,alongwiththelion'sshareofeconomicbenefits.

Astourismmightbethelargestindustryintheworld,sustainablegrowthstrategiesshouldbeadoptedtoensurethatournaturalandculturalheritageispreservedfortheenjoymentandbenefitoffuturegenerations.正確答案:生態(tài)觀光

不想在下個(gè)假期去人多的熱門景點(diǎn)觀光吧(想在下個(gè)假期去人跡罕至的地方看看嗎)?假使如此,你也許會(huì)像越來越多的人一樣,熱衷于參加名為“生態(tài)觀光”的新式旅游。正如名稱所示,生態(tài)觀光重在保護(hù)旅游目的地的生態(tài)和自然遺產(chǎn)。此外,生態(tài)觀光突出了地方本土文化特色,并倡導(dǎo)一些可行的做法,促使地方控制和維護(hù)這些資源。

以前,許多度假者會(huì)入住豪華賓館,參觀紐約、巴黎和東京等城市著名標(biāo)志性建筑和博物館;還有些人喜歡在夏威夷的美麗海灘上放松身心,或是在郵輪甲板上,悠閑自在地游覽陽光明媚的加勒比海(悠閑自得地沐浴加勒比海明媚的陽光)。不論如何,總是缺乏與當(dāng)?shù)厝说慕涣?。而熙熙攘攘的人潮,也破壞了度假勝地的自然風(fēng)光。此外,操作過分商業(yè)化,也讓許多地方成了誘使游客上鉤的陷阱。

從20世紀(jì)80年代初起,以探險(xiǎn)和自然為主題的旅游活動(dòng)越來越受歡迎。伴隨全球環(huán)保意識(shí)的增強(qiáng)以及對(duì)多元文化的尊重,生態(tài)觀光方興未艾,成為旅游業(yè)中快速發(fā)展的一個(gè)組成部分。度假者可以享受都市里五星級(jí)酒店的舒適,可以品味高雅餐廳的宜人,而攀登喜瑪拉雅山、徒步穿行亞馬遜雨林、野地探險(xiǎn)、公海賞鯨等,則成為另一種誘人選擇。(攀登喜瑪拉雅山、徒步穿行亞馬遜雨林、野地探險(xiǎn)、公海賞鯨等,成為于都市里舒服享受五星級(jí)旅館和高雅餐廳之外的誘人選擇。)

但是,生態(tài)觀光不只是到偏遠(yuǎn)的地方旅行,這一概念也強(qiáng)調(diào)教育游客去認(rèn)識(shí)當(dāng)?shù)仫L(fēng)土人情和文化遺產(chǎn)?;蛟S,最重要的觀念是,生態(tài)觀光是井然有序地經(jīng)營旅游業(yè),最大程度降低對(duì)生物棲息地的負(fù)面影響,并使當(dāng)?shù)爻双@得最大的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益外,還能在決策過程中取得主導(dǎo)地位。

旅游、觀光業(yè)可能是世界上最大的產(chǎn)業(yè)。為了子孫后代的福祉,必須采取可持續(xù)性發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略,保護(hù)我們的自然和文化遺產(chǎn)。

漢譯英1.

旅游

旅游是一種集觀光、娛樂、健身為一體的愉快而美好的活動(dòng)。旅游業(yè)隨著時(shí)代進(jìn)步而不斷發(fā)展。20世紀(jì)中葉以來,現(xiàn)代旅游在世界范圍迅速興起,旅游人數(shù)不斷增加,旅游產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)模持續(xù)擴(kuò)大,旅游經(jīng)濟(jì)地位顯著提升,旅游活動(dòng)日益成為各國人民交流文化、增進(jìn)友誼、擴(kuò)大交往的重要渠道,對(duì)人類生活和社會(huì)進(jìn)步產(chǎn)生越來越廣泛的影響。古往今來,旅游一直是人們?cè)鲩L(zhǎng)知識(shí)、豐富閱歷、強(qiáng)健體魄的美好追求。在古代,中國先哲們就提出了“觀國之光”的思想,倡導(dǎo)“讀萬卷書,行萬里路”,游歷名山大川,承天地之靈氣,接山水之精華。正確答案:Tourism

Tourismisa(akindof)popularandpleasantactivitythatintegratessightseeing,recreationandhealthcare.Withthepassageoftime,tourismdevelops/hasdeveloped/isdeveloping.Sincethemiddleofthe20thcentury,(modem)tourismhasbeengrowingatafastpacearoundtheworld.Thenumberoftouristshasbeenrising,thescaleofthetourismindustryhasconstantlybeenexpanding,andtheimportanceoftourismintheeconomyhasgrownobviously.Tourismactsgraduallyasanimportantbridgeforculturalexchangeandfriendship,anditexertsasteadilybroadeninginfluenceondailylifeandsocialadvancementamongnations/countries.

Fromancienttimestothepresent,tourismhasshown/indicated/demonstratedpeople'seager/healthypursuitofmoreknowledge,variedexperienceandgoodhealth.Inancienttimes,Chinesethinkers/Chinesesagesrecommended/proposed"appreciatingthelandscapethroughsightseeing."Ancientpeoplealsoproposed/advocated"travelingtenthousandliandreadingtenthousandbooks(travelingthousandsofmilesandreadingthousandsofbooks)",whichshowstheyfoundpleasureinenrichingthemselvesmentallyandphysicallythroughtravelingoverfamousmountainsandrivers.

翻譯三級(jí)筆譯實(shí)務(wù)分類模擬題37英譯漢1.

NYCitySeekstoExpandLower-CostUnits

TheCityCouncilyesterdayapprovedthefirstmajoroverhaulofthemostpopulartaxbreakforapartmentbuildingdevelopers,adoptingaplanintendedtoinducethemtobuildtensofthousandsofapartmentsforpeopleotherthanthewealthy.

Thechanges,whichMayorMichaelR.Bloombergsupportedandwhichwouldgointoeffectin2008,significantlyincreasetheareasofthecityinwhichdeveloperswhowantthetaxbreakmustmakeoneoutofeveryfiveapartmentstheybuildaffordabletolower-incomepeople.Theboundariesofthoseareaswouldbereconsideredeverytwoyearsinlightoftrendsinthehousingmarket.

Inaddition,andforthefirsttimeinthe35-yearhistoryoftheprogram,thoselower-pricedapartmentswouldhavetobeincludedineachbuildingandc

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