2024年高考英語(yǔ)核心考點(diǎn)精講精練（新高考專用）考點(diǎn)12 閱讀理解推理判斷之引申推斷

考點(diǎn)12閱讀理解

推理判斷之引申推斷（核心考點(diǎn)精講精練）

考情探究

i.三年真題考點(diǎn)分布

T點(diǎn)

題企\推理判斷之引申推斷

2023試卷類型設(shè)問(wèn)考點(diǎn)

閱讀理解

[2023?新高考全國(guó)()24.WhatcanwelearnaboutJohnfromthefirst引申推斷

twoparagraphs?

I卷]B

[2023?新高考全國(guó)II()34.Whatcanwelearnfromtheexamplegiven引申推斷

inParagraph5?

卷ID

[2023年1月?浙江26.Whatcanweinferabouttheauthor?引申推斷

卷】B

[2023?全國(guó)甲卷|D()35.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelast引申推斷

paragraph?

[2023?全國(guó)乙卷]B()26.Whatcanwcinferfromtheautho'stripwith引申推斷

friendstoDevil'sLake?

20222022?新高考I卷閱讀A23.3.Whatwillhappenifyousubmitan引申推斷

essayoneweekaftertheduedate?

C篇31.Whatcanwelearnabouttheprojectfrom

(helasttwoparagraphs?

2022?全國(guó)高考乙卷D篇35.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheadoptionof引申推斷

thesugartaxpolicy?

20212021.英語(yǔ)全國(guó)甲卷B篇27.WhatcanbeinferredaboutPornLympne引申推斷

Reserve?

D篇33.Whatcanweinferaboutgirlsfrom(he

studyinScience?

2021?全國(guó)高考乙卷B篇27.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthelandline引申推斷

fromthelastparagraph?

D篇35.Whatcanweinferabouttheauthorfrom

thetext?

1

2021?全國(guó)新高考IC篇3().WhatisadirectresultoftheActpassedin引申推斷

卷1934?

2021.全國(guó)新高考IID篇34.WhydoesPeteBondsstillhirecowboysto引申推斷

卷watchcattle?

2.命題規(guī)律及備考策略

【命題規(guī)律】近3年新高考卷對(duì)于閱讀理解中引申推斷考查了11次。主要考查：

根據(jù)閱讀文章整體或某一段落的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行引申推斷得出推斷結(jié)果。引申推斷的方法：I.通過(guò)分析文章內(nèi)容，推斷出

文章中事實(shí)的結(jié)論，得出新的判斷；2.推理判斷的結(jié)論不是文章中的原句，而是在文章基礎(chǔ)上，通過(guò)邏輯推理得出

的結(jié)論，

【備考策略】系統(tǒng)歸類引申推斷的方法；熟練掌握閱讀技能。

【命題預(yù)測(cè)】

通過(guò)閱讀理解中的引申推斷，考查考生的邏輯思維能力、思辨能力和批評(píng)性思維。因此引申推斷題將在2024

年高考中將成為高考閱讀理解的重點(diǎn)題型。

考點(diǎn)梳理

【2024年高考命題預(yù)測(cè)】

推理判斷之引申推斷考點(diǎn)是高考中的必考點(diǎn)。每年的高考閱讀理解中都會(huì)有引申推斷題以考查學(xué)生的推理判斷

能力，推理判斷題的答案是通過(guò)對(duì)文意中材料的分析得出的結(jié)論，它不是文章中直接的事實(shí)。預(yù)測(cè)在2024高考中，

引申推析會(huì)繼續(xù)在高考閱讀理解中呈現(xiàn)。

【推理判斷之引申推斷考點(diǎn)指南】

規(guī)律方法：

常見的設(shè)問(wèn)方式：

1.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthe?

2.Whatcanbeinferredaboutfrom（helastparagraph?

3.Whatcanwelearnfrom?

4.Whatcanweinferaboutfromthetext?

如何解決引申推斷題？

引申推斷題屬于深層理解題，要求根據(jù)語(yǔ)篇內(nèi)容，推斷具體細(xì)節(jié)。做此類題目關(guān)鍵是要正確把握文章的內(nèi)在關(guān)

系，理解文章的真正含義，要忠實(shí)于原文，千萬(wàn)不能主觀臆斷，隨意揣測(cè)，更不能以自己的觀點(diǎn)代替作者的觀點(diǎn)。

此類題目的題干一般包括六個(gè)動(dòng)詞：infer（推斷），indicate（象征，暗示），imply（暗示），suggest（暗示），assume（假定，

設(shè)想）和conclude（推斷，做出結(jié)論）。

典例引領(lǐng)

1.[2023?新高考全國(guó)I卷]

2

B

WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.

Adirtystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.

Whenliegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.

Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.

Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria（細(xì)菌）?Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causingchemicals?Withtheright

combinationofanimalsandplants,hefigured,maybehecouldcleanupwastethewaynaturedid.Hedecidedtobuildwhat

hewouldlatercallaneco-machine.

ThetaskJohnsetforhimselfwastoremoveharmfulsubstancesfromsomesludge。虧泥）.First,heconstructedaseries

ofclearfibreglasstanksconnectedtoeachother.Thenhewentaroundtolocalpondsandstreamsandbroughtbacksome

plantsandanimals.Heplacedtheminthetanksandwaited.Littlebylittlcjhcsedifferentkindsoflifegotusedtoone

anotherandformedtheirownecosystem.Afterafewweeks,Johnadded:hesludge.

Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsinthecco-machinetookthesludgeasfoodandbegantocatit!

Withinweeks,ithadallbeendigested,andallthatwasleftwaspurewater.

Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse-likefacilitythattreatedsewage（污水）

from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedaneco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheast

China.

“Ecologicaldesign**isthenameJohngivestowhathedoes/4LifeonEarthiskindofaboxofsparepartsfbrthe

inventor/'hesays."Youputorganismsir.newrelationshipsandobscncwhatshappening.Thenyouletrhcscnewsystems

developtheirownwaystoself-repair.”

（）24.WhatcanwelearnaboutJohnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?

A.Hewasfondof（ravelling.

B.Heenjoyedbeingalone.

C.Hehadaninquiringmind.

D.Hclongedtobeadoctor.

【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了約翰?托德從小就很愛觀察自然旦愛思考,他利用自然可以自我修復(fù)的

原理建造了生態(tài)機(jī)器等設(shè)備來(lái)凈化污水。

24.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthe

messespeopleweremaking”可知,當(dāng)約翰長(zhǎng)大后，他開始想弄明白這個(gè)過(guò)程是否可以用來(lái)清理人們正在制造的臟亂。

再結(jié)合第二段"Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureand

askingquestions.”可知，在大學(xué)里學(xué)習(xí)了農(nóng)業(yè)、醫(yī)學(xué)和漁業(yè)之后，約翰回去觀察自然并提M問(wèn)題。由此可知，從前兩段中

我們口]以知道約翰有一種好學(xué)愛問(wèn)的思維方式。

2.[2023?新高考全國(guó)H卷|

D

Ascitiesballoonwithgrowth,accesstonatureforpeoplelivinginurbanareasisbecominghardertofind.Ifyou're

lucky,theremightbeapocketparknearwhereyoulive,butit'sunusualtofindplacesinacitythatarerelativelywild.

Pastresearchhasfoundhealthandwellnessbenefitsofnatureforhumans,butanewstudyshowsthatwildnessin

urbanareasisextremelyimportantforhumanwell-being.

1heresearchteamfocusedonalargeurbanpark.1heysurveyedseveralhundredpark-goers,askingthemtosubmita

writtensummaryonlineofamcaningfuiinteractiontheyhadwithnatureinthepark.Theresearchersthenexaminedthese

3

wordsprobablywon'tdomuchandcanoftenleaveyoufeelingmorediscouraged.

Sohereismyadvice:Leadbyaction.

26.Whatcanweinferabouttheauthor?

A.Sheisquitegoodatcooking.B.Sherespectsothers'privacy.

C.Sheenjoysbeingahousewife.D.Sheisadeterminedperson.

【答案】26.D

【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者如何在家庭中過(guò)零浪費(fèi)的生活方式。

26.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的"Yetasthemonthsofreducingwastecontinued,IdidwhatIcouldthatwaswithinmy

ownreach.（然而，隨著減少浪費(fèi)的幾個(gè)月的持續(xù)，我盡了自己力所能及的努力）”及“Perhapsyourhouseholdwon't

entirelymaketheswitch,butyoumayhavesomecontroloveryourownpersonalspacestomakethechangesyoudesire.（也

許你的家庭不會(huì)完全改變，但你可以控制自己的個(gè)人空間，做出你想要的改變）“可推知，作者是一個(gè)意志堅(jiān)定的人。

故選D,

4,2023?全國(guó)甲卷］

D

Grizzlybears,whichmaygrowtoabout2.5mlongandweighover400kg,occupyaconflictedcorneroftheAmerican

psyche—wcrevere（敬畏）themevenastheygiveusfrighteningdreams.Askthetouristsfromaroundihcworldihaiflood

intoYellowstoneNationalParkwhattheymosthopetosee,andtheiranswerisoftenthesame:agrizzlybear.

“Grizzlybearsarcrc-occupyinglargeareasoftheirformerrange/'saysbearbiologistChrisScrvhccn.Asgrizzlybears

expandtheirrangeintoplaceswheretheyhaventbeenseeninacenturyormore,theyLreincreasinglybeingsightedby

humans.

ThewesternhalfoftheUSwasfullofgrizzlieswhenEuropeanscame,witharoughnumberof50.000ormoreliving

alongsideNativeAmericans.Bytheearly1970s,aftercenturiesofcruelandcontinuoushuntingbysettlers,600to800

grizzliesremainedonamere2percentoftheirformerrangeintheNorthernRockies.In1975,grizzlieswerelistedunder

theEndangeredSpeciesAct.

Today,thereareabout2,000ormoregrizzlybearsintheUS.TheirrecoveryhasbeensosuccessfulthattheUSFish

andWildlifeServicehastwiceattemptedtodelistgrizzlies,whichwouldloosenlegalprotectionsandallowthemtobe

hunted.Botheffortswereoverturnedduetolawsuitsfromconservationgroups.Fornow,grizzliesremainlisted.

Obviously,ifprecautions（預(yù)防）arenttaken,grizzliescanbecometrouhlcsomc,somctimcskillingfarmanimalsor

walkingthroughyardsinsearchoffood.Ifpeopleremovefoodandattractantsfromtheiryardsandcampsites,grizzlieswill

typicallypassbywithouttrouble.Puttingelectricfencingaroundchickenhousesandotherfarmanimalquartersisalso

highlyeffectivealgellinggiizzlicsaway."Ouihupcisluhaveaclean,altiaulanl-ficcplacewhcicbcaicanpassllnuugli

withoutlearningbadhabits,“saysJamesJonkel,longtimebiologistwhomanagesbearsinandaroundMissoula.

（）35.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

A.Foodshouldbeprovidedforgrizzlies.

B.Peoplecanliveinharmonywithgrizzlies.

C.Aspecialpathshouldbebuiltforgrizzlies.

D.Technologycanbeintroducedtoprotectgrizzlies.

【文章大意】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了灰熊數(shù)量在美國(guó)的變化以及其背后的原因。

35.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段的內(nèi)容，尤其是JamesJonkel的話“Ourhopeistohaveaclean,attractant-freeplace

5

wherebearscanpassthroughwithoutlearningbadhabits…”可知,通過(guò)預(yù)防措施，灰熊就不會(huì)學(xué)到壞習(xí)慣,人們就HT以與

灰熊和諧共處。故選B。

5.[2023,全國(guó)乙卷]

B

LivinginIowaandtryingtobecomeaphotographerspecializinginlandscape（風(fēng)景）canbequiteachallenge,mainly

becausethecornstatelacksgeographicalvariation.

AlthoughlandscapesintheMidv/esttendtobequitesimilar,eitherfarmfieldsorhighways,sometimesIfind

distinctivecharacterinthehillsorlakes.Tomakesomeofmylandscapeshots,Ihavetravelleduptofourhoursawayto

shootwithina10-minutctimeframe.Itendtotravelwithafewofmyfriendstostateparksortothecountrysidetogoon

adventuresandtakephotosalongtheway.

Beingattherightplaceattherighttimeisdecisiveinanystyleofphotography.Ioftenleaveearlytoseektheright

destinationssoIcansetupearlytoavoidmissingthemomentIamattemptingtophotograph.Ihavemissedplentyof

beautifulsunsets/sunrisesduetobeingonthespotonlyfiveminutesbeforethebestmoment.

OnetimemyfriendsandIdrovethreehourstoDevilDsLake,V/isconsin,toclimbthepurplequartz（石英）rock

aroundthelake.Afterwcfoundacrazy-lookingroadthathungoverabunchofrocks,wcdecidedtophotographthescene

atsunset.Thepositionenabledustolookoverthelakewiththesunsetinthebackground.Wemanagedtoleavethisspotto

climbhigherbecauseofthesparetimeuntilsunset.Howevenwedidnotmarktheroute（路線）soweendedupalmost

missingthesunsetentirely.Oncewefoundtheplace,itwasstressfulgettinglightsandcamerassetupinthelimitedtime.

Still,lookingbackonthephotosjheyaresomeofmybestshotsthoughtheycouldhavebeensomuchbetterifIwouldhave

beenpreparedandmanagedmytimewisely.

（）26.Whatcanwcinferfromtheautho'stripwithfriendstoDcvifsLake?

A.Theywentcrazywiththepurplequartzrock.

B.Thcyfeltstressedwhilewaitingforthesunset.

C.Theyreachedtheshootingspotlaterthanexpected.

D.Theyhadproblemswiththeirequipment.

【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文，文章講述了作者作為一名風(fēng)景攝影師是如何應(yīng)對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)，拍出高質(zhì)量的風(fēng)景照片的。

26.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“However,wedidnotmarktheroute（路線）soweendedupalmostmissingthesunset

entirely”可知，作者和朋友們沒有標(biāo)出路線,所以幾乎完全錯(cuò)過(guò)了日落。由此可推知，他們比預(yù)計(jì)到達(dá)拍攝地點(diǎn)的時(shí)間

晚了。故選C項(xiàng)。

6.D[2022.全國(guó)高考乙卷】

TheGovernment'ssugartaxonsoftdrinkshasbroughtinhalfasmuchmoneyasMinistersfirstpredicteditwould

generate,thefirstofficialdataonthepolicyhasshown.

FirstannouncedinApril,2016,thetaxwhichappliestosoftdrinkscontainingmorethan5gofsugarper100ml,was

introducedtohelpreducechildhoodobesity（肥胖）.Ilisbelievedthattoday'schildrenandteenagersareconsumingthree

timestherecommendedlevelofsugar,puttingthematahigherriskof（hedisease.

Initiallythesugartaxwasexpectedtomake￡520mayearfortheTreasury.However,dataofthefirstsixmonths

showeditwouldmakelessthanhalfthisamount.Atpresentitisexpectedtogenerate￡240mfortheyearendinginApril

2019,whichwillgotoschoolsports.

Itcomesaftermorethanhalfofsoftdrinkssoldinshopshavehadtheirsugarlevelscutbymanufacturers（制造商）so

6

theycanavoidpayingthetax.Drinksnowcontain45millionfewerkilosofsugarasaresultofmanufacturers'effortsto

avoidthecharge,accordingtoTreasuryfigures.SinceAprildrinkscompanieshavebeenforcedtopaybetween18pand24p

foreverylitreofsugarydrinktheyproduceorimport,dependingonthesugarcontent.

Hewever,somehighsugarbrands,likeClassicCocaCola,haveacceptedthesugartaxandarerefusingtochangefor

fearofupsettingconsumers.Fruitjuices,milk-baseddrinksandmostalcoholicdrinksarefreeofthetax,asaresmall

companiesmanufacturingfewerthanlirlitresperyear.

Today'sfigures,accordingtoonegovernmentofficial,showthepositiveinfluence（hesugar（axishavingbyraising

millionsofpoundsforsportsfacilities（設(shè)施）andhealthiereatinginschools.Helpingthenextgenerationtohaveahealthy

andactivechildhoodisofgreatimportance,andtheindustryisplayingitspart.

15.Whatcanbeinfenedabouttheadoptionofthesugartaxpolicy?

A.Itisashort-sighteddecision.B.Itisasuccessstory.

C.Itbenefitsmanufacturers.D.Itupsetscustomers.

【答案】15.B

【解析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了英國(guó)政府對(duì)軟飲料征收的糖稅來(lái)解決兒童以及青少年的健康問(wèn)題，同

時(shí)該收入用于學(xué)校體育。

15.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后?段中的“Today'sfigures,accordingtoonegovernmentofficial,showthepositive

influence（hesugartaxishavingbyraisingmillionsofpoundsforsportsfacilitiesandhealthiereatinginschools.（根據(jù)一

位政府官員的說(shuō)法，今天的數(shù)據(jù)顯示了糖稅的積極影響，它為學(xué)校的體育設(shè)施和健康飲食籌集了數(shù)百萬(wàn)英鎊）”可

推斷，糖稅政策的實(shí)施是一個(gè)成功的政策。故選B。

7.B【2021?英語(yǔ)全國(guó)甲卷】

PortLympneReserve,whichrunsabreeding（繁育）programnie,haswelcomedthearrivalofarareblackrhinocalf

（犀牛幼崽）.WhenthetinycreaturearrivedonJanuary31,shebecamethe40thblackrhinotobebornatthereserve.And

officialsalPortLympneweredelightedwith（henewarrival,especiallyasblackrhinosareknownfbrbeingdifficultto

breedincaptivity（圈養(yǎng)）.

PaulBeer,headofrhinosectionatPortLympne,said:"Obviouslywc'rcallabsolutelydelightedtowelcomeanother

calftoourblackrhinofamily.She'sheakhy,strongandalreadyeagertoplayandexplore.Hermother,Solio,isafirst-time

mumandsheisdoingafantasticjob.It'sstillalittletoocoldforthemtogooutintotheopen,butassoonastheweather

warmsup,Ihavenodoubtthatthelittleonewillbeoutandaboutexploringandplayingeveryday.^^

Theadorablefemalecalfisthesecondblackrhinobornthisyearatthereserve,butitistooearlytotellifthecalves

willmakegoodcandidatestobereturnedtoprotectedareasofthewild.ThefirstrhinotobebomatPortLympnearrivedon

January5tofirst-timemotherKisimaandweighedabout32kg.Hismother,grandmotherandgreatgrandmotherwereall

bomatthereserveandstilllivethere.

AccordingtotheWorldWildlifeFund,theglobalblackrhinopopulationhasdroppedaslowas5500,givingtherhinos

aycriticallyendangered,,status.

7.WhatcanbeinferredaboutPornLympneReserve?

A.Therhinosectionwillbeopentothepublic.

B.Itaimstocontrolthenumberoftheanimals.

C.ItwillcontinuetoworkwiththeWorldWildlifeFund.

D.Someofitsrhinosmaybesenttotheprotectedwildareas.

【答案】7.D

7

【解析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了在PortLympne保護(hù)區(qū)的部分黑犀牛現(xiàn)狀。

7.推理判斷題。通過(guò)文章倒數(shù)第二段“itistooearlytotellifthecalveswillmakegoodcandidatestoberelumedto

protectedareasofthewild（要判斷這些小犀牛是否會(huì)成為返回野生保于區(qū)的好的候選者還為時(shí)過(guò)早）”可推知，Pon

Lympne保護(hù)區(qū)的一些屎牛可能會(huì)被送到野生保護(hù)區(qū)。故選D項(xiàng)。

☆即時(shí)檢測(cè)

1.[2023屆河北省高三適應(yīng)性考試】

Oneaspectoftheclean-energychangewillhappeninsidebuildings.Manyhomesandbusinessesbunnaturalgasfor

heatingandcooking.Naturalgasgivesoutgreenhousegasesaswellasotherpollutantsthatcanharmhealth.Gas

appliances（家用電器）canbereplacedbyelectricversionsandtapintocleanelectricity.

PanamaBartholomyisthedirectoroftheBuildingDecarbonizationCoalition.Hisgroup,basedinPetaluma,Calif.,

focusesonlimitinggasemissionsindoors.kkWeassumetheelectricgrid（輸電網(wǎng)）isgettingcleanerovertime,whichitis.

So,wewantmoreandmoreofourheatingtocomefromelectricity.”

It'smucheasiertomakethesetypesofiransitionswhengovernmentsrecommendthem,saysBethMiller.Sheisan

ecologistandconsultantwithGoodCompany.BasedinEugene,Ore.,ithelpscompaniesandcommunitiesreducetheir

carbonfootprint.Somestatesarealreadytakingstepstomakethesechanges.OnSeptember22,forinstance,California

decideditwouldbanthesaleofgas-firedspaceheatersandwaterheatersby2030.

Afterhomesandbusinessesmaketheswitchtoelectricalternatives,theywillbemorecomfortable,saysBartholomy.

Theywillbesaferandcleaner,too,headds.Insteadofagasfumace（燃?xì)鉅t）,anelectricheatpumpcouldbothheatand

coolahome.Gasheatersandstoveswon'tbepumpingpollutionintoahome'sair.Andcookswillhaveevenmorecontrol

onainedemelectriccookerthanonagasstovesaysBartholomy.

Gettingnaturalgasoutofyourhomeisprobablythelargestpositiveimpactyoucanhavefortheplanet,Bartholomy

says."Weallneedtofightfbralivableclimate.Thereisnowaytomeetourclimategoalswhilestillburninggasin

buildings.Foralivablefuture,wcmusttakemeasurestostopburningnaturalgas,thoughweknowwchavealongwayto

go.”Andthebonus:Itnowlookslikedoingthatshouldalsosavepeoplealotofmoney.

14.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph4?

A.Homeswillbesafer.B.Gasstoveswillbereplacedsoon.

C.Homes'airwillhavemorepollutants.D.Cooksprefertousetraditionalcookers.

【答案】14.A

【文章大意】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章講述將會(huì)在建筑內(nèi)部發(fā)生清潔能源的改變，燃?xì)庠O(shè)備將被電動(dòng)設(shè)備取代以及

利用清潔能源的好處。

14.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Afterhomesandbusinessesmaketheswitchtoelectricalternatives,theywillbemore

comfortable,saysBartholomy.Theywillbesaferandcleaner,loo,headds.（Bartholomy說(shuō)，在家庭和企業(yè)改用電力替代

品之后，它們會(huì)更舒適。他補(bǔ)充說(shuō)，它們也會(huì)更安全、更清潔）“可推知，家將會(huì)更安全。故選A。

2.【2023屆安徽省皖江聯(lián)盟高三最后一卷聯(lián)考】

Peoplespendaboutathirdoftheirlivessleeping.Thatmightsoundliketimewasted,butit'snot.Eveninadeepsleep,

thebrainisbusy.It'shardatworksortingmemories,cleansingitselfofharmfulwastesandmore.Thistimeofrestalso

helpsthebodybuildstrongerbonesandhealwoundsfaster.Expertsrecommendthatteensgelaboutninehoursofsleep

eachnight.Butsurveysshowthatonlyaboutone-thirdof18-year-oldreportgettingatleastsevenhoursofsleeppernight.

8

Asteensgothroughpuberty（青春期），theybecomenaturalnightowls.Theirbodiesdon'treleasethehormonemelatonin

（褪黑激素）一whichtellsthebrainit'stimeforbed—untillateratnight.Thisshiftstheircircadianrhythm（晝夜節(jié)律）so

thatsleepcomesmosteasilybetween11p.m.and8a.m.ButmostpubicmiddleandhighschoolsintheUnitedStatesstart

before8:3（）a.m.Andthat'samajorproblem.

Anotherreasonfbrteens'widespreadsleepshortagemaybescreens.Surveydatafrom370.000U.S.t^enshasshown

anincreaseintradingsleepforscreentime.Butlosingsleeptoscreensisn'tjustamatterofchoosingtostayuplater.The

lightemittedbyphones,laptopsandtheotherdevicesmakesthebrainresistsleepiness.That'sbecausetheglowcontains

bluewavelengthsalsofoundinsunlight.Thiscandeceivethebrainintothinkingit'sdaytime.

Lackofsleephasbeenlinkedtounhealthyeatingandfeelingmoreanxious.Sleep-deprivedpeoplealsohavehigher

riskofteelingdepressed,usingalcoholordrugs,orgettingincaraccidents.Researchsuggeststhatpeoplewhousescreens

inbedhaveahardertimenoddingoff.NewLEDtechcouldlessenthateffect.Butinthemeantime,expertssuggestputting

awayelectronicsatleast30minutesbeforebed."Ilmightbehardtoquitalivelygroupchatorsavethenextepisodeofa

showuntiltomorrow,butturnoffandturnin.Yourbodyandbrainwilltliankyou.”

8.Whatdoesthefirstparagraphimply?

A.Thereismoreforthebraintodealwith.

B.Thebrainisthebusiestduringsleepingtime.

C.Sleepisvitaltoourhealthandwellbeing.

D.Manyaresufferingsleep-relatedproblems.

【答案】8.C

【文章大意】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章分析了睡眠對(duì)健康的重要意義、青少年睡眠不足的原因和睡眠不足的危害，

并提出針對(duì)性的建議。

8.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的句子“Eveninadeepsleep,thebrainisbusy.It'shardatworksortingmemories,cleansing

itselfofharmfulwastesandmore.Thistimeofrestalsohelpsthebodybuildstrongerbonesandhealwoundsfaster.（即使

在深度睡眠中，大腦也很忙碌。大曬需要努力整理記憶，清除有害廢物等等。這段時(shí)間的休息也有助于身體建立更

強(qiáng)壯的骨骼，更快地愈合傷口）”可以推論出，睡眠對(duì)我們的健康和幸福至關(guān)重要。故選C項(xiàng)。

3.[2023屆福建省龍巖第一中學(xué)高考第三次校模擬】

PeterandMinkevanWingerdenhavecreatedsomethingwild:aherdofcowsfloatingon（hesea.TheDutch

husband-and-wifeteam'sexperimentonsustainableagriculture,calledFloatingFarm,canbefoundintheportofRotterdam.

Themoderniststructurehouses40cows,whocollectivelyproducesome200gallonsofmilkaday.Inadditiontohelping

nourish（^#）thelocalcommunity,thewaterbornefarmisplayingapartintheglobalconversationabouthowtheclimate

crisisispushingfannersioreconsiderhow—andwhere一iheyproducefood.

Floods,extremeheating,droughtsandevenrisingnighttemperatureshavesentthefoodsystemoffbalance.Therace

tooutsmarttheconstantattackofextremeweatherhasmadetheworldoffarmingunrecognizablefromwhatitwasonly

decadesago.AteamofscientistsinMexicoisdevelopingwheattypesthatcanadaptthemselvestodifferentclimates,while

Jack'sSolarGardeninLongmont,Colorado,isatestbedfbrtheemergingmethodofsolarfarming.

Rotterdamhasalreadyestablisheditselfasoneofthemostclimate-adaptiveplacesintheworld.Everythingfrom

officebuildingstoentireneighborhoodsarebuiltonwaterinthecity,whichis90%belowsealevel.TheWingerdens,

FloatingFarmwasanewbutnecessaryattempt.Shouldaweathercrisisarise,awaterbornefarmisn'tnecessarilystuckin

place.Aformerpropertydeveloperwithabackgroundinengineering,PeterfoundhisinspirationfortheFloatingFarmina

climatedisasterinNewYorkCity,whereHurricaneSandypreventedthedeliveryoffreshfoodtomillions.

9

TheWingerdens*modelisripeforreproduction—whichisexactlywhattheFloatingFarm'steamof14arcworkingon

now.PlansareunderwayforafloatingvegetablefarmtomoveintothespacenexttothecunentFloatingFarm.Permit

applicationsarcalsooutforsimilarstructuresinDubai,SingaporeandtheDutchcitiesofHaarlemandArnhem.

ThenewprojectswillapplylessonslearnedfromFloatingFarm.^Youneedtobuildahouseinordertoknowhowto

buildahouse,“Petersays.Thebiggestobstaclesheseesahead,however,arenotfinancialorphysical,butratherpolitical

andadministrative.lkOneofthebiggestchallengeswecomeacrossworldwideisregulations.Citiesneedtohavedisruptive

thinking,citiesneedtohavedisruptivedepartments,andcitiesneedtohaveareaswhereyoucansay:OK,thisis（he

experimentalzone."BecausewhatPeterandhisteamarepullingoffisofadifferentorderthanthetypicalsustainability

measures.4tWearenotinnovative,hesays.“Wearedisruplive.”

9.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.

A.90%ofthepopulationinRotterdamlivebelowthesealevel

B.TheNewYorkCityisworkinghardtofightclimatechange

C.Thelocalcommunitywillnotbefedwithoutnewfarming

D.WaterbornefacilitiesarenecessarytothefutureofRotterdam

【答案】9.D

【文章大意】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。.主要介紹的是荷蘭夫婦創(chuàng)建浮動(dòng)農(nóng)場(chǎng)的由來(lái)及其發(fā)展的必要性，并在其影響下開

發(fā)新的持續(xù)發(fā)展的農(nóng)業(yè)項(xiàng)Ho

9.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Everythingfromofficebuildingstoentireneighborhoodsarebuiltonwaterinthecity,

whichis90%belowsealevel.TheWingerdens,FloatingFarmwasanewbutnecessaryattempt.Shouldaweathercrisis

arise,awaterbornefarmisn'tnecessarilystuckinplace.（從辦公樓到整個(gè)社區(qū)，這座城市的一切都建在水面上，而這座

城市的海平面低于90%。翁格登夫婦的水上農(nóng)場(chǎng)是一個(gè)新的但必要的嘗試。如果出現(xiàn)天氣危機(jī)，水上農(nóng)場(chǎng)并不一定

會(huì)被困在原地。）“可知，鹿特丹一切都建在低于海平面90%的水上，浮動(dòng)農(nóng)場(chǎng)是一個(gè)新的但必要的嘗試，由此可知，

水上設(shè)施對(duì)鹿特丹的未來(lái)是必要的。故選D項(xiàng)。

4.12023屆山東省濰坊市四縣高三卜學(xué)期5月高考模擬】

Whenyoustepoff'theelevatoronthefourthfloorofKentuckyChildren'sHospital（KCH）,you'regreetedbya

magicalunicorn（獨(dú)角獸）inacombinationofgreens,blues,andpurples.

ItisanartpiececreatedbythestaffofKCHandUKArtsinHealthCare.Thisunicornroughlyfivefeettallandsix

feetwide,ismadeupofnothingbutthousandsofvial（藥水瓶）caps,oralinjectorcaps,andtubestocreateanimageofa

unicorn,silentlygreetingandcomfortingeverypatientandvisitor.

TheideaforthisunicornwasinspiredbyTildaShalof,anurseinCanadawhospentnearly30yearscollecting

abandonedmedicalplasticiocreaieacolorfulcreature.KCHnursesapproachediheChildLifestaffaboutcreating

somethinganalogousfortheirhospital.Thestaffagreed,andcollectionofplasticbegan.

Soanthecollectionnumberedin（hethousands,butthequestionremained—whatwould（hisbecome?Aftermany

meetingsanddiscussions,KCHstaffs