高考英語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的運(yùn)用與比較

高考英語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的運(yùn)用與比較b.其它詞性：詞性在句中成分名形副主賓表賓補(bǔ)定狀不定式分詞動(dòng)名詞√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√XXXX2.句法功能的區(qū)別：1主語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞不定式Inmanycountries,shakingone’sheadmeans“no”andnoddingmeans“yes”.Towriteasciencefictionishiswish.It’sdangeroustoplay/playingwithfire.1.兩者作主語(yǔ)一般可以通用，意義沒(méi)有多大差別。2.不定式一般表示特定的，具體的行為，特別是表將來(lái)的一次行為；動(dòng)名詞常表示抽象的，一般的行為。Itisnouse_______(argue)withhimaboutthat.arguing3.在含有no,-less，常用動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)。Eg.Itisnousedoing….;Itisuselessdoing…Itisnogooddoing…;Itisnohelpdoing…2.表語(yǔ)不定式動(dòng)名詞分詞Thestoryismoving.Awayofsaying“Iamhungry”ispattingthestomachbeforeameal.Mytaskthisclassistoteachyouhowtograspthegrammar.現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)表示主語(yǔ)的特征，相當(dāng)于形容詞，因此它前面可用very,quite或表示比較意義的more,most來(lái)修飾；動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容，可以與句中的主語(yǔ)交換位置。由于動(dòng)名詞具有明顯的名詞特征，故不能用以上表示程度或比較意義的詞修飾。不定式則表示某一次具體的行為，類(lèi)似于作主語(yǔ)。Hishobbyisplayingfootball.Or:Playingfootballishishobby.Thevolleyballmatchwewatchedwasveryexciting.2.動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，該句的主語(yǔ)有很大的局限性，主要是job,work,task,duty,wish,happiness,等；現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)的主語(yǔ)范圍廣泛得多。HeTheThescientificnovelToreadanovelatthemomentWhathesaidisinteresting.3.賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞不定式根據(jù)習(xí)慣搭配和語(yǔ)義區(qū)分習(xí)慣接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的有：mind,finish,enjoy,avoid,risk,consider,practise,suggest,advise,miss,appreciate,imagine,putoff,keep(on),giveup,insist,beusedto,lookforwardto,stickto,devoteone’slifeto,bebusy,beworth,can’thelp,excuse,escape,admit(承認(rèn))，delay,keep,risk,objectto（反對(duì)）,payattentionto,etc.習(xí)慣于后接動(dòng)詞不定式而不接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：want,wish,hope,expect,promise,pretend,decide,manage,refuse,learn,agree,plan,offer,long,demand,help,manage,prepare,learn,determine,prefer,intend,etc.動(dòng)名詞與不定式的不同含義：beafraidtodo不敢、害怕、膽怯去做某事beafraidofdoing擔(dān)心、恐怕出現(xiàn)Weareneverafraidtolaydownourlivesfortherightcause.為了正義的事業(yè)我們絕不怕?tīng)奚约旱纳?。Shewasafraidofwakingherhusbandup.

2)forgettodosth.忘記去做某事（未做）forgetdoingsth.忘記做過(guò)了某事（已做）

Thelightintheofficeisoff.Itwasshewhoturneditoff,butsheherselfforgot_______(turn)itoff.Thelightintheofficeisstillon.Sheforgot______(turn)itoff.3)remembertodosth.記著去做某事（未做）rememberdoingsth.記著做了某事（已做）Doyouremember______(meet)meatapartylastyear?Youmustremember______(leave)tomorrow.4)regrettodosth.遺憾地說(shuō)/告訴…regretdoingsth.后悔做了…Iregret_____(go)tohishometown.Iregret_____(tell)youthetruth.5)stoptodosth.stopdoingsth.6)trytodosth.trydoingsth.Youmusttry_____(do)itagain.Let’stry_____(do)theworkinsomeotherway.7)meantodosth.meandoingsth. Ifitmeans_____(delay)morethanaweek,I’llnotwait.Imean_____(go),andnothingcanstopme.8)goontodosth.goondoingsth.9）can’thelpdoingsth.情不自禁，不禁can’thelp(to)dosth.不能幫忙做…10.permit/allow/advise+doingsth. +sb.todosth.11.start/begin/continue/like/love/hate +todosth. +doingsth.但有些動(dòng)名詞在句中是主動(dòng)形式，卻有被動(dòng)含義 Thehouserequires/needs/wants

repairing.Thebookisworth

reading.

4.定語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞分詞不定式Doyouknowthemantalkingwithablackthere?Thecarryingpoleremindsmeofourbitterdaysinthepast.Therewillbemanypeopletohelpyou.=whoistalking…Thepoleforcarryingthings1所含時(shí)態(tài)意義thelaughingaudienceHaveyoureadthebook20,000LeaguesUndertheSeawrittenbyJulesVerne?Thenextboytoplaywenttothepiano.Heisalwaysthefirstonetogetup.分詞－正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生了的動(dòng)作不定式－尚未實(shí)現(xiàn)的將來(lái)的行為或表示一般性敘述而無(wú)一定的時(shí)間性。動(dòng)名詞－表示被修飾詞的目的或用途2邏輯關(guān)系：分詞－主謂關(guān)系（可改成定語(yǔ)從句）動(dòng)名詞－表示被修飾詞的目的或用途不定式－多種邏輯關(guān)系ThelabtobebuiltbeingbuiltbuiltlastyearTherisingsun---thesunthatisrisingAbrokenglass---aglassthatisbrokenThelightisoff.Pleasegivemesomecandlestogivelight.(somecandlesthatgivelight)主謂關(guān)系

Ahardjobtodo---ahardjobthatonemustdo動(dòng)賓關(guān)系A(chǔ)placetorest---aplacewhereonecanrest動(dòng)狀關(guān)系Theplantoopenupricefields同謂關(guān)系3.現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞fallingleavesfallenleavesexitingnewsexitedstudents-ing令人…;-ed表示所修飾詞本身的特征adisappointingvoice;adisappointedvoice注意：1?，F(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行或與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的表示的動(dòng)作幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生。如兩個(gè)動(dòng)作有先有后，一般不能用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)，而要用定語(yǔ)從句。

1.Theteachercriticizedthestudentwho

hadbrokenthewindow. 2.Yesterday,mothertoldmeanevent whichhappenedfiveyearsago.

2.不定式作定語(yǔ)

Changethefollowingintoinfinitives.Hewasthefirstpersonthatcametotheclassroomthismorning.Doyouhaveanythingthatyouwanttosay?Herearesomebooksthatyoucanread.Hethoughtoutaplan_____(punish)Tom.Heisalwaysthelast_____(come)toofficePleasegivemeaknife_____(cut)with.作定語(yǔ)的不定式如是不及物動(dòng)詞，不定式后面須有相應(yīng)的介詞。5。賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)不定式分詞使役動(dòng)詞：make,have,let,hear,listento,see,watch,notice,observe,lookat,etc.感覺(jué)動(dòng)詞：find,see,watch,notice,hear,feel,etc.It’scoldoutside,wehadthefireburningallnight.Mumhadhimwashtheplates.Isawhimgoupstairs.Isawhimgoingupstairs（已經(jīng)上去了，全過(guò)程）（此刻的行為）6。狀語(yǔ)不定式分詞1.Everydayheclimbedtoahighrocknearhiscavetokeepwatch.2.Twoyearslater,herfatherdisappeared,nevertoreturn.3.I’mverygladtohavethisstampagain.4.Itistoodarkforustoseeanythingintheroom.5.Heisoldenoughtolookafterhimself.目的結(jié)果原因程度程度不定式主要作目的，結(jié)果和程度狀語(yǔ)1.OncefleeingGermany,EinsteinwentfirsttoFrance,thentoBelgium…2.Beingashyman,Einsteindidn’tattendthegreatcelebration.3.Thetrainerappeared,followedbysixlittledog.4.Givenmoretime,Icandoitbetter.5.Weighingalmost100jin,thestonewasmovedbyhimalone.6.Theboystoodup,obligingmetorise,too.時(shí)間原因方式，伴隨條件讓步結(jié)果1。分詞在句中主要作時(shí)間，原因，方式或伴隨，條件，讓步，結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。分詞和不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)MygrandfatherlivedtoseetheliberationofChina.Tony’sfatherdied,leavinghimalotofmoney.Hewenthome,onlytofindhismoneystolen.（動(dòng)作行為）（狀態(tài)）2。不定式強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的過(guò)程或未曾料到的不愉快的結(jié)果；分詞主要表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生后所引起的結(jié)果狀態(tài)或必然產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果?，F(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)Manypeoplecometothemeparks,lookingforthrillsandentertainment.Oncepublished,hisworkbecamefamousfortheabsenceofrhymeattheendofeachline.主語(yǔ)是分詞所表示動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者分詞用doing/havingdone，如果是分詞所表示動(dòng)作的承受者，分詞用done/havingbeendone。注意：1。狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞或相當(dāng)于狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞的一些詞。Shesatthere,lostinthought.Afteraday’swork,hewenthome,tiredout.2.一些使役性動(dòng)詞，如：disappoint/excite/surprise/move/interest/puzzle…。Thegame________(interest)theboys.

Theboysare________________thegame. Thegameis__________. Iwonderwhyfootball_____boys. A.hasinterested B.isinterestedin C.interesting D.interested_______(excite)atthenews,theboysrushedtowatchthegame.________(Fill)withjoy,Istartedoff.interestsinterestedininterestingAExcitedFilled3不定式在作表語(yǔ)/補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的形容詞后面作狀語(yǔ)，用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意思。

Thisquestionisdifficult_______(answer). Doyouthinkhimeasy______(work)with? Wefindthisrulehard_____(remember).

4有些分詞已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楠?dú)立成分，含有“泛指”意義，在句中常作插入語(yǔ)。如：generallyspeaking,judgingfrom…,talkingof…,supposing,considering…Judgingfromhisaccent,heisasoutherner.toanswerto/to/注1：分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)須與句子的主語(yǔ)一致，構(gòu)成主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)的關(guān)系。注2：表示時(shí)間關(guān)系的分詞短語(yǔ)有時(shí)可由連接詞while或when引導(dǎo)。注3：有時(shí)，”with+名詞（或代詞賓格）+分詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示伴隨狀況。注4:當(dāng)分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)不同時(shí)，分詞須有自己的主語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。（見(jiàn)后）WhilewatchingTV,heheardsomeoneshoutingshoutforhelp.Withtheworkdone,hewenthome.Weatherpermitting,we’llgooutingtomorrow.Movedbyhiswords,tearscametomyeyes.3非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的各種形式：（以動(dòng)詞do為例）主動(dòng)被動(dòng)一般完成進(jìn)行完成進(jìn)行一般完成不定式分詞TodoTobedoneTohavedoneTohavebeendoneTobedoingTohavebeendoingdoingBeingdoneHavingdoneHavingbeendone1。不定式的時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)：

1）一般式：不定式表示的動(dòng)作常與謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作同時(shí)（或幾乎同時(shí)）發(fā)生，或在它之后發(fā)生。

Isawhimgoout. Iplantoattendthemeetingtobeheldtomorrow.2）進(jìn)行式：不定式表示的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。I’mverygladtobeworkingwithyou.3）完成式：不定式的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting. Thearticleissaidtohavebeenreadbymanypeople.

2。動(dòng)名詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)1）動(dòng)名詞的時(shí)態(tài)：一般式和完成式

如G.的動(dòng)作沒(méi)明確表示出時(shí)間是與謂語(yǔ)同時(shí)發(fā)生或在謂語(yǔ)之前發(fā)生，用一般式。

Weareinterestedin_____(play)chess.

如G.的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前，通常用完成式。

I’msorryfornot_____(keep)mypromise.

但在某些詞后，常用一般式，盡管其動(dòng)作是在謂語(yǔ)所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生。

Onhearingthebadnews,shecried.I’llneverforgetseeingthatfilmforthefirsttime. 2）動(dòng)名詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)

doingbeingdonehavingdonehavingbeendone Hewasafraidof_____(leave)athome.Thehouseshowednosignof_____(damage).XuBenyuinsistedonbeingsenttothemountainareatoservethechildrenthere.3現(xiàn)在分詞的時(shí)態(tài)及語(yǔ)態(tài)：分詞的動(dòng)作如發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后doing，用一般式，如發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前，用完成式havingdone。HavingenjoyedtheridesattheHeadland,visitorscantakeashuttletotheLowland.Butthemeparksalsotrytomakesurethatvisitorsleaveknowingmoreabouttheirtheme.4非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)邏輯主語(yǔ)能發(fā)出該動(dòng)作（發(fā)）邏輯主語(yǔ)不能發(fā)出該動(dòng)作（收）不發(fā)不收用結(jié)構(gòu)： 動(dòng)詞不定式：用獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)。動(dòng)名詞：用復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。分詞：用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)如果要說(shuō)明不定式表示的動(dòng)作是誰(shuí)做的，可以在不定式前加一個(gè)由for/of引起的短語(yǔ)。

Itiseasyforthestudentstoread.Itwillbeamistakeforustohelpyou.1不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu):for/ofsb.todosth.It’swrongofhimtospeakbadbehindothers.2動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：

名詞所有格(Mary’s)/形容性物主代詞（my）+動(dòng)名邏輯主語(yǔ)是有生命的名詞：作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，須用名詞所有格或形容詞性物主代詞；作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，也可用普通格或人稱(chēng)代詞賓格。

Tom’s(His)comingiswhatwehaveexpected.Shedidn’tmindJack/Jack’s(him/his)cominghere.2.邏輯主語(yǔ)是無(wú)生命的名詞：只用名詞普格。

Isthereanyhopeofourteamwinningthematch?3.邏輯主語(yǔ)是指示代詞或不定代詞this,that,somebody,someone,nobody,none,anybody,anyone時(shí)，只有普通格。Shewasdisturbedbysomebodyshoutingoutside.3分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)：名詞/代詞＋分詞Weatherpermitting,we’llgooutingtomorrow.Therebeingnointerestingprograms,heturnedofftheTVset.Swordinhand,theboyrushedout.獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于狀語(yǔ)從句。不定式作獨(dú)立成分。Totell(you)thetruth,hedoesn’tagreewithyou.Tobeginwith,Beijingisaverybeautifulcity.不定式中作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)的注意點(diǎn)：

1）某些形容詞在“too…to…”結(jié)構(gòu)中表示肯定，這類(lèi)詞是：anxious,eager,glad,ready,surprised,willing… Shewastoosurprisedtoseehowangryherfatherwas. 2）在not,never,only,all,but等后的”too…to…”結(jié)構(gòu)中，”too”的含義為”very”，不定式?jīng)]有否定含義。

I’monlytoogladtostayathome. It’snevertoooldtolearn.不定式一般不能作介詞的賓語(yǔ)，只有在極少數(shù)介詞如：but,except等后才行，此時(shí)不定式可帶to或不帶to.Heseldomcomesexcepttolookatmypictures.Wehavenochoice

buttowaitoutside.Theycoulddonothingbutas