北師大版高中英語選擇性必修第二冊UNIT4 Section Ⅱ Period4課件

Period4

UNIT4

HUMOUR主題語境人與社會——文學(xué)與藝術(shù)

SectionⅡ

LESSON2&LESSON3課時學(xué)案單元語法講練副詞一、時間副詞1．時間副詞及其特點時間副詞表示事情發(fā)生的時間。常見的時間副詞有now(現(xiàn)在；此刻；目前)，then(當(dāng)時；那時；接著；于是；然后)，soon(不久；即刻；馬上)，ago(以前)，recently(最近；近來)，lately(近來；最近；不久前)，later(較晚地；后來)，finally(最后；終于)，before(先前；從前；以前)，early(早；先；在初期；在早期)，today(今天)，tomorrow(明天)，yesterday(昨天)，tonight(今晚)，suddenly(忽然)，immediately(即刻；馬上)，already(已經(jīng))，just(剛剛)等。2．時間副詞在句中的位置表示確定時間的副詞(如today，yesterday等)通常位于句末，有時也位于句首。Hewenthomeyesterday．/Yesterdayhewenthome．他昨天回家了。而那些表示非確定時間的副詞(如soon，recently，suddenly等)除可用于句末或句首外，還可位于句中(通常位于實義動詞之前，be動詞、助動詞、情態(tài)動詞之后)。HewenttoParisrecently．/HerecentlywenttoParis．/RecentlyhewenttoParis．最近他去了巴黎。二、地點副詞1．地點副詞及其特點地點副詞表示事情發(fā)生的地點。常見的地點副詞有here(在這里；向這里；到這里)，there(在那里；往那里；那里)，up(在上面；向上；向北；在北部)，down(向下；在下面；往南)，away(在遠(yuǎn)處；離開)，nearby(在附近)，home(在家)，ahead(在某人或某事物的前面)，abroad(在國外；到國外)，indoors(在室內(nèi)；往室內(nèi))，overseas[在(向)海外；在(向)國外]，halfway(半途；中間)，upstairs(在樓上；往樓上)，downstairs(在樓下；往樓下)等。2．地點副詞在句中的位置地點副詞在句中通常位于句末或句首，但從不位于主語和謂語之間。若有多個副詞并列，地點副詞通常位于方式副詞之后，時間副詞之前。Canyouhelptocarrythistableupstairs?你能幫忙把這張桌子搬到樓上去嗎？Theboyreadquietlyoverthereallafternoon．這男孩整個下午都在那兒靜靜地看書。三、方式副詞1．方式副詞及其特點方式副詞表示事情發(fā)生的方式。許多以-ly結(jié)尾的副詞都是方式副詞，如carefully(仔細(xì)地；周密地；小心地)，happily(快樂地；滿意地；幸運地)，quietly(輕聲地；安靜地；靜止地；寂靜地；不張揚地)，heavily(嚴(yán)重地；大量地)，warmly(溫暖地；親切地；熱烈地；熱情地；熱心地)，correctly(正確地；得體地)，politely(有禮貌地；客氣地)，angrily(憤怒地；生氣地)等。2．方式副詞在句中的位置(1)方式副詞通常位于動詞(及其賓語)之后。Hereadtheletterslowly．他從容不迫地看了那封信。(2)方式副詞(主要是單個的方式副詞)有時也可位于主語與動詞之間。Hequicklygotdressed．他趕緊穿好衣服。Heangrilytoreuptheletter．他很生氣，把信撕碎了。(3)有的方式副詞(如bravely，cleverly，cruelly，foolishly，generously，kindly，secretly，simply等)位于動詞之前和位于句末會導(dǎo)致句子意思的變化。Theysecretlydecidedtoleavethetown．他們秘密決定離開這個城鎮(zhèn)。Theydecidedtoleavethetownsecretly．他們決定秘密地離開這個城鎮(zhèn)。四、頻度副詞1．頻度副詞及其特點頻度副詞表示動作發(fā)生的頻率。常見的頻度副詞有always(總是；永遠(yuǎn))，continually(不停地；持續(xù)地)，frequently(頻繁地)，occasionally(偶爾)，often(經(jīng)常)，once(一次；曾經(jīng))，twice(兩次)，periodically(定期地)，repeatedly(重復(fù)地；再三地)，sometimes(有時候)，usually(通常)，ever(在任何時候；在某時；有時；從來)，hardlyever(幾乎從不；很少)，never(從不；永不；從來沒有)，rarely(不常；很少)，scarcelyever(僅僅；幾乎不)，seldom(很少)等。2．頻度副詞在句中的位置(1)頻度副詞通常位于實義動詞之前，be動詞、助動詞、情態(tài)動詞之后，如果有兩個助動詞，頻度副詞通常放在第一個助動詞后面。Heoftencomestoseeus．他常來看我們。Heisseldomlateforschool．他上學(xué)很少遲到。(2)在簡略答語中，當(dāng)頻度副詞與be動詞、助動詞或情態(tài)動詞位于句末時，頻度副詞必須前置?！狿hilipislateagain．—Yes，healwaysis．——菲利普又遲到了?！堑?，他總是遲到?！狢anyouparkyourcarneartheshops?—Yes，Iusuallycan．——你可以在商店附近停車嗎？——是的，通?？梢?。五、程度副詞1．程度副詞及其特點程度副詞表示事情發(fā)展的程度，常見的有fairly(一定地；相當(dāng)?shù)?，pretty(相當(dāng))，rather(在一定的程度上；相當(dāng))，quite(完全地；整體地；十分地)，very(完全；非常；十分；極)，much(十分；差不多；幾乎)，too(太；再)，greatly(大大地；非常)，almost(幾乎；差不多；差一點；將近)，nearly(幾乎；差不多)，hardly(幾乎不),half(到一半程度)，highly(很；非常)，awfully(非常；極其)，deeply(很；非常)，partly(部分地；不完全地；在一定的程度上)，perfectly(完全地；十足地)，really(確實地；實際地；很；十分；全然)等。2．程度副詞在句中的位置

(1)程度副詞用在實義動詞前，be動詞、助動詞、情態(tài)動詞之后。Ialmostforgottobringmykey．我差點忘記帶鑰匙。(2)程度副詞用在形容詞或副詞前，enough除外。Hedrivesverycarefully．他很小心地駕駛。(3)程度副詞much(……得多)，even(更加)可在形容詞或副詞的比較級之前作修飾語。Thisquestionismuchmoredifficultthanthatone．這個問題比那個問題難多了。[即時訓(xùn)練1]選詞填空properly，almost，normally，fairly，fast，occasionally，recently，frequently①Itisonly________thathistorianshavebeguntolookintothequestion．②Iknewhim______well，butIwouldn'tsaywewerereallyclosefriends．recentlyfairly③Hewassoabsorbedinhisworkthathe__________stayedupuntilthemidnight．④SheisespeciallygoodattraditionalChineselandscapepaintings，but____________shedoesoilstoo．⑤Ihaven'tusedmyFrenchforyearsandhaveforgotten______allofit．⑥Theproblemwillnotbedifficulttosolve，if________handled．frequentlyoccasionallyalmostproperly⑦Weare____approachingatimewhentheroarofatigerinthewildwillbereplacedforeverbysilence．⑧They________chargethreehundredpoundsbutwegotitforhalfprice．fastnormally六、連接副詞1．充當(dāng)連接性狀語，在句子之間起連接作用的連接副詞。常見的有therefore(因此；為此；所以)，besides(而且；還有)，however(然而)，moreover(此外；而且)，still(仍然；依舊；還是)，thus(如此；這樣)，meanwhile(同時；其間)等。Idon'tlikeit．Besides，it'stooexpensive．我不喜歡它。而且，它太貴了。Theuniversitieshaveexpanded,thusallowingmanymorepeoplethechanceofhigheducation．大學(xué)擴招了，這樣就使更多人能有機會接受高等教育。2．引導(dǎo)名詞性從句或不定式的連接副詞。主要有when，why，where，how等。Tellmewhenweshallleave．/Tellmewhentoleave．告訴我什么時候離開。Idon'tknowhowIcanfindhim．/Idon'tknowhowtofindhim．我不知道如何找到他。Wherewecangetthemoneyisjustourproblem．/Wheretogetthemoneyisjustourproblem．到哪里去弄這筆錢正是我們頭痛的事。That'swhyhespeaksEnglishsowell．那就是他的英語講得這么好的原因。七、關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞用于引導(dǎo)定語從句，主要有when(什么時候)，where(在哪里)，why(為什么)。Sundayisthedaywhenveryfewpeoplegotowork．星期日是很少人上班的日子。That'sthereasonwhyhedislikesme．那就是他不喜歡我的原因。DoyouknowashopwhereIcanfindsandals?你知道在哪家商店我能找到?jīng)鲂瑔?？八、疑問副詞疑問副詞有when(什么時候)，where(在哪里)，why(為什么)，how(怎么樣)等，通常用于引出特殊疑問句。Wheredoyoucomefrom?你是哪里人？[即時訓(xùn)練2]語法填空①Atweekends,theStudents'UnionarrangedvisitstotheNursingHomenearby,______theydidwhattheycouldtomaketheelderlyfeelhappy．②Theceremonyisagrandoccasion____weareannouncedtobegrown-ups．③Hedidn'tknowwhattodobuttowalkalongtheroadandcallouthisfamilieswhilewalking．_______,nobodyansweredhim．wherewhenHowever④Astoournexttrip,___aboutcampingatthenearbylakenextSaturdayifweatherpermits?⑤Watchingthisfilm,youwillbedeeplymovedbythecourageandspiritofthemaincharacterSunWukong．That's____Imakethisrecommendation．howwhy短文語法填空Questioningcanleadtosearchingforananswer．Ifwe1．_____raisedoubtsaboutwhetherwhatwearetoldistrue，wecan2．______findthecorrectanswerandlearnmore．Twoyears3．___，ourteacherofferedusananswertoa4．____difficultmathprobleminclass．Ifoundtheanswer5．______________strange，butnobodyelse6．_____doubtedit．Thinkingthathissolutionmightbewrong，I7．_________(careful)analysed

theneverhardlyagoveryalittle/abitevencarefullyproblemandtriedtoworkitoutina8．_____________

differentway．Halfanhour9．_____(late)，Imanagedtofindthecorrectanswer．10．____Ishowedmyanswertohim，theteacherpraisedmeformyindependentthinking．FromthisexperienceIhavelearntthatquestioning_canserveasabridgethathelpsustoseekthetruth．quite/verylaterWhenⅠ．單詞拼寫1．Thoughstuckinthetrafficjam,hewasstillinagood____(心情)atthethoughtofthecomingholiday．2．Sheleanedoverand_________(悄聲說)somethinginhisear．3．Thenewhousereallywasn'tworthallthe_______(花費)involved．4．We___________(遇到)anumberofdifficultiesinthefirstweek．課時分層作業(yè)（二）moodwhisperedexpenseencountered5．Aftertheoperationyoumayfinditdifficultto____(咀嚼)andswallow．6．Chaplinwasnotjusta______(天才)，hewasamongthemostinfluentialfiguresinfilmhistory．7．__________(驚訝的)，Maryrealisedthathehadalsorecognisedwhatheractionmeant．chewgeniusAstonished8．IonceservedasavolunteerintheNationalGames，soIamgreatly_________(確信的)thatIamuptothejob．9．Shewasawomanofunique______(天賦)anddetermination．10．Herremarkwasfollowedbyan___________(尷尬的)silence．convincedtalentembarrassedⅡ．選詞填空inabadmood,aslongas,haveareputationfor,aseriesof,relyon,makeanattempt,busyoneselfin,onthecontrary1．It'snotroubleatall；_______________，itwillbeagreatpleasuretohelpyou．2．Youmay_______himthatheiscapableofcalculatingoftheeventsaccurately．3．I________________cleaningtheroomwhenyoutelephonedmeyesterday．onthecontraryrelyonbusiedmyselfin4．He_______________topasstheexam，butitwastoodifficult．5．___________discussiongroupshasbeentimetabledfortheafternoons．6．Whenyouare_____________，youcantrywatchingacomedyandyoumayfeelbettersoon．7．Theuniversity____________________highacademicstandards．8．Wecansurelyovercomethesedifficulties__________wearecloselyunited．madeanattemptAseriesofinabadmoodhasareputationforaslongasⅢ．閱讀理解It'swell-knownthathumourcanbenefitusbothphysicallyandmentally．Theideathatlaughteristhebestmedicinehasbeenaroundsinceancienttimes．Inhis1905book,Jokes

and

Their

Relation

to

the

Unconscious,SigmundFreudarguedthathumouristhehighestofthepsyche'sdefensemechanism(機制),capableofturninganxietyintopleasure．Therearefourhumourstyles．Affiliativehumourreferstojokesaboutthingsthatmightbecommonlyconsideredfunny,whichisusuallyemployedtoimproverelationshipsormakeotherslaugh．Ifyou'veeversharedafunnypicturewithaco-worker,you'veusedaffiliativehumour．Self-enhancinghumourinvolvesbeingabletolaughatyourself,oftenusedasawayforyoutodealwithstressordifficultiesandfeelbetterasaresult．Aggressivehumourislaughingattheexpenseofothers,whichofteninvolvessarcasm(諷刺),teasing,andcriticism．Self-defeatinghumouristheartofputtingyourselfdowntogainfavourfromyourpeers,whichispossiblyusedbysomeonewho'stargetedbybullies．Eachstyleofhumouractuallycarriesadifferentinfluence,whenitcomestomentalhealth．JulieAitkenSchermer,apsychologicalresearcheratTheUniversityofWesternOntario,sayspeopleusingself-enhancinghumourarelesslikelytoshowsignsoflonelinessandpoorrelationshipswithothers．Bycontrast,bothaggressiveandself-defeatinghumourstylescanhintattrouble．“Wefindthatself-defeatinghumouristhemostconcerningstyleasitisalsolinkedwithlonelinessandfeelingsofnotmattering．Thosewithanaggressivehumourstylemaynotexperiencelonelinessasmuch,however,sincetheyrelyongroupdynamics(群體動力)inordertomakefunoftheirpeers，”saysSchermer．Evenifyoutendtofavourmorenegativehumourstyles,there'snoreasontoloseheart．Schermersayspeoplecandevelopapositive,self-enhancinghumourstylebyconcentratingonthelighterandmorehumorousaspectsoflife．AsauthorKurtVonnegutoncewrote,“Laughterandtearsarebothresponsestoworriesandanxieties．Iprefertolaugh,sincethereislesscleaninguptodoafterward．”【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章通過一本書——Jokes

and

Their

Relation

to

the

Unconscious，介紹了四種不同的幽默類型。1．WhyisSigmundFreud'sbookmentionedinparagraph1?A．Toshowtheimportanceofmentalhealth．B．Tostresstheroleofhumour．C．Topersuadepeopletostaypositive．D．Tointroduceancientjokestous．√B

[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“It'swell-knownthathumourcanbenefitusbothphysicallyandmentally．Theideathatlaughteristhebestmedicinehasbeenaroundsinceancienttimes．Inhis1905book,Jokes

and

Their

Relation

to

the

Unconscious,SigmundFreudarguedthathumouristhehighestofthepsyche'sdefensemechanism,capableofturninganxietyintopleasure．”可知，第一段提到這本書是為了強調(diào)幽默的作用。故選B。]2．Accordingtothetext,whichkindofhumourmayyouusetorelievepressure?A．Affiliativehumour．B．Self-enhancinghumour．C．Aggressivehumour．D．Self-defeatinghumour．√B

[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Self-enhancinghumourinvolvesbeingabletolaughatyourself,oftenusedasawayforyoutodealwithstressordifficultiesandfeelbetterasaresult．”可知，用于緩解壓力的是自我提升式幽默。故選B。]3．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“hintat”probablymeaninthethirdparagraph?A．Signal． B．Explain．C．Prevent． D．Solve．√A

[詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞上文“JulieAitkenSchermer,apsychologicalresearcheratTheUniversityofWesternOntario,sayspeopleusingself-enhancinghumourarelesslikelytoshowsignsoflonelinessandpoorrelationshipswithothers．”以及“Bycontrast,bothaggressiveandself-defeatinghumourstyles”可知，使用自我提升式幽默的人不太可能表現(xiàn)出孤獨和與他人關(guān)系不好的跡象。相比之下，攻擊性和自我挫敗的幽默風(fēng)格都可能暗示出麻煩，故畫線詞意思是“暗示”。故選A。]4．WhichofthefollowingwillKurtVonnegutprobablyagreewith?A．Humourisdifficulttocontrol．B．Cryingisagoodwayofrelief．C．Humourisadouble-edgedsword．D．Laughteristhebestcureforstress．√D

[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Laughterandtearsarebothresponsestoworriesandanxieties．Iprefertolaugh,sincethereislesscleaninguptodoafterward．”可知，KurtVonnegut更喜歡笑，可得出他可能同意“笑是治療壓力的最好方法”這一觀點。故選D。]Ⅳ．完形填空Ioncestoppedbehindseveralcars,waitingattheredlight．Thewindblewfiercely．Aheadofmestoodayoungwomanalongsidethestreetrubbingherbarehandstogetheranddancingtokeep1．Besideherrestedasignthatread,“Ihaveababyandnofood．”Homelessandunemployedpeoplearea2sightinmanyofourlargecities,andmostpeopledrivebywithout3assistance．Nodoubttheyhavebeentaughtthatgivingthemmoneydevelopsadependent

4,orthatthecashmaybeusedtobuyalcohol5thefooditwasintendedfor．Likeme,theymayhavebeentaughtthatoneshouldgivemoneytoalocalcharity,astheseorganisationscan6thoseinneedfarmoreeffectively．AsIwaitedforthelighttoturngreen,Ifelt7aboutthatwoman．Shewasobviouslyinneed．Andwhetherornotsheactuallyhadababyreallydidn't8．WhatshouldIdo?ShouldIgivehermoney？AsI9,thewindowofthecarinfrontofmewas10downandahandreachedoutholdingapairofwarmgloves．Thedriver11herownglovesandgavethemtothewoman．Isawtheyoungwoman12thewords“Thankyou”andabroadsmilelitupherface．AsIhesitated,somebodyelse13．AsItriedtodecidethebestwaytohelp,somebodyelsejustdidwhatshecould．Imademyselfa(n)

14thatdaytoalwaysdosomething．Whetheritisbigorsmall,justdosomething．Somethingisalmostalwaysbetterthannothing！Toooftenweunderestimate(低估)thepowerofatouch,asmile,akindword,alisteningear,orthesmallestactofcaring,allofwhichhavethe15toturnalifearound．【語篇解讀】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者目睹了一個司機送給一位在寒風(fēng)中求助的女士一副暖和的手套，認(rèn)識到我們常常會低估一些微小的關(guān)愛舉動的力量，而這些力量也許會改變別人的生活。1．A．calm

B．energeticC．warm D．politeC

[根據(jù)上文中的“Thewindblewfiercely．”可知，那天的風(fēng)很大，天氣很冷，一位年輕的女士搓著手跺著腳是為了暖和。故選C。]√2．A．perfect B．terribleC．strange D．common√D

[根據(jù)本空后的“sightinmanyofourlargecities,andmostpeopledrivebywithout__________assistance”可知，人們開車直接經(jīng)過，而不是提供幫助，說明這樣的情況很常見。故選D。]3．A．receiving B．offeringC．seeking D．expectingB

[根據(jù)上文語境可知，大多數(shù)人遇到他們會徑直開車經(jīng)過，而不是提供幫助。故選B。]√4．A．method B．experimentC．tradition D．lifestyleD

[下文提到“thecashmaybeusedtobuyalcohol”，根據(jù)語境可知，他們認(rèn)為給錢反而會使這些無家可歸的人購買酒來逃避現(xiàn)實，養(yǎng)成依賴他人的生活方式。故選D。]√5．A．otherthan B．ratherthanC．morethan D．betterthanB

[根據(jù)語境可知，他們施舍給無家可歸和失業(yè)的人的錢也許并沒有被用來買食物，而是被用來買酒。故選B。]√6．A．a(chǎn)ssist B．recogniseC．control D．classifyA

[根據(jù)上文“oneshouldgivemoneytoalocalcharity”可知，慈善機構(gòu)是專門幫助這些人的地方。根據(jù)語境可知，此處指慈善機構(gòu)等組織可以更有效地幫助那些需要幫助的人。故選A。]√7．A．crazy B．cautiousC．conflicted D．satisfiedC

[根據(jù)下文“Shewasobviouslyinneed．”以及“WhatshouldIdo？”可知，對于是否要幫助那位女士，作者心里感到矛盾。故選C。]√8．A．change B．matterC．bother D．differB

[根據(jù)上文“Shewasobviouslyinneed．”可知，她顯然需要幫助，而她是否真有一個嬰兒需要養(yǎng)活無關(guān)緊要。故選B。]√9．A．hesitated B．insistedC．compared D．observed√A

[根據(jù)上文“WhatshouldIdo？”和“ShouldIgivehermoney？”可以看出，在要不要幫助那位女士的問題上作者猶豫不決，下文中的“AsIhesitated”也是提示。故選A。]10．A．kept B．rolledC．fell D．brokeB

[根據(jù)本空后的“downandahandreachedoutholdingapairofwarmgloves”可知，車窗應(yīng)該是被搖下來的。故選B。]√11．A．tookoff B．putonC．tookdown D．putawayA

[根據(jù)上文“ahandreachedoutholdingapairofwarmgloves”可知，這位司機把自己的手套摘下來給了那位女士。故選A。]√12．A．eye B．noseC．mouth D．face√C

[根據(jù)本空后的“Thankyou”可知，作者應(yīng)該是看到那位女士喃喃地說“謝謝”。故選C。]13．A．continued B．leftC．a(chǎn)cted D．a(chǎn)ppeared√C

[根據(jù)上文“thewindowofthecarinfrontofmewas__________downandahandreachedoutholdingapairofwarmgloves”可知，作者在猶豫的時候，有人已經(jīng)把手套送給這個需要幫助的女人。根據(jù)上下文語境可知，與空前的“hesitated”形成對比，在作者猶豫不決時，有人已經(jīng)行動起來了。故選C。]14．A．a(chǎn)ppointment B．chanceC．a(chǎn)greement D．promiseD

[根據(jù)本空后的“Whetheritisbigorsmall,justdosomething．”可知，這是作者對自己許下的承諾：以后一定要做一些事情來幫助別人。故選D。]√15．A．benefit B．potentialC．convenience D．skillB

[根據(jù)語境可知，所有這些小的舉動都可能改變一個人的生活。故選B。]√Ⅴ．語法填空“Lookonthebrightside”isoneofthose1．__________(suggestion)thatpeoplealwaysconsiderinspiringbutlesshelpful．However,newresearchshowsthatfindingsomethingofinterestinaterriblesituationmakes2．__________easyforpeopletostopcomplaining．Besides,lookingatachallengewithhumourisagoodmethod,3．__________mayevenbehelpfulinpreventinganxiouspeople4．__________feelingsad．suggestionsitwhichfromInastudypublishedmuch5．__________(early),researchersgavetheparticipantssomephotosthatshownegativesituations．Thentheywoulddescribethesephotosaccordingto6．__________requestofresearchers．Thoseusinghumorouswordstodescribethephotos7．__________(find)tohavefewernegativeemotionsandmorepossibilitiestogothroughahardtimeintheirlifethanthosewhodescribedthephotos8．__________(direct)．earlierthewerefounddirectlySothereappeartobenodisadvantagestolookingatdifficultthingsinyourlifewithhumourandlightness．Theconclusionfromthestudyisthatf