【MOOC】Green Chemistry-四川大學(xué) 中國(guó)大學(xué)慕課MOOC答案

【MOOC】GreenChemistry-四川大學(xué)中國(guó)大學(xué)慕課MOOC答案ReviewQuestion1、【單選題】WhatdayistheInternationalOzoneProtectionDay?本題答案：【September16th】2、【單選題】What'stheinfluenceofNuclearWinteronclimate?本題答案：【DecreasingthetemperatureoftheEarth'ssurface.】ReviewQuestion1、【多選題】Whatarethetypicalenvironmentalproblemsinthefollowingstatements?本題答案：【Globalwarming;Nuclearwinter(Winterduetonucleareffect)#Depletionofozonelayer#Photochemicalsmogandairpollution;Acidrain】1stWeek.Chapter1Homework-TypicalEnvironmentalProblemsReviewQuestion1、【判斷題】Thegoalofgreenchemistryistoeliminatethepotentialofpollutionbeforeitoccurs.本題答案：【正確】2、【判斷題】Traditionalpollutiontreatmentcanprovideapermanentcure.本題答案：【錯(cuò)誤】2ndWeek.Chapter2Homework13rdWeek.Chapter2Homework2ReviewQueation1、【多選題】Theserenewablefeed-stocksaremostoftenassociatedwithbiologicalandplantbasedstartingmaterials,including:本題答案：【Agriculturalwastes#Sawdust】4thWeek.Chapter2Homework35thWeek.Chapter2Homework46thWeek.Chapter2Homework56thWeek.Chapter2-UnitTest1、【多選題】OneoftheresearchareainGreenChemistryistouserenewablefeedstocksforchemicalproduction.Whichcouldbeusedasfeedstocksforchemicalproductioninthefollowingresources?本題答案：【Kitchengarbage#Wastecookingoil#Agriculturalwastes#Microalgae】2、【多選題】Thereactiontypesinvolvedinbiomassconversiontofinechemicalsandliquidfuelsinclude:本題答案：【Hydrolysis#Deoxygenation#Hydrogenation】3、【多選題】Theenergyiswidelyusedinchemistryandchemicalindustryinthefollowingaspects:本題答案：【Acceleratesthereactionratewithheat#Theneedtocontrolreactivitythroughcooling#Pre-heatingofthereactionmixture#Separationenergyrequirement】4、【多選題】Whichtypicalenvironmentalproblemsinthefollowingarerelatedtochemicalindustry?本題答案：【Depletionofozonelayer#Photochemicalsmogandhaze#Acidrain#Globalwarming】5、【多選題】Severalunconventionalprocessingtechniquesthatrelyonalternativeformsandsourcesofenergyareofimportanceforprocessintensification.Thesealternativeformsandsourcesofenergyinclude:本題答案：【Sonic#Microwaves#Solarenergy#Photoandotherradiation】6、【多選題】Insomecases,theapplicationofatomiceconomicalreactioninchemicalsynthesisisnotenoughforeliminatingtheformationofwastes.Thesecasesinclude:本題答案：【Thepresenceofparallelreaction#Lowequilibriumconversion#Lowproductstereoselectivity】7、【多選題】Theserenewablefeed-stocksaremostoftenassociatedwithbiologicalandplantbasedstartingmaterials,including:本題答案：【Agriculturalwastes#Sawdust】8、【判斷題】Thegoalofgreenchemistryistotreattheenvironmentalpollutionsalreadygeneratedinchemicalreactions.本題答案：【錯(cuò)誤】9、【判斷題】Theatomiceconomicalreactionisnotarequisitecondition(必要條件)foreliminatingtheformationofwastesbecausethelowequilibriumconversionandlowproductselectivityinachemicalreactionwillalsobringaboutpollutions.本題答案：【錯(cuò)誤】10、【判斷題】Renewablefeedstocksarethesubstancesthatareeasilyregeneratedwithintimeframesthatareaccessibletothehumanlifetime,includingcarbondioxideandmethane.本題答案：【正確】11、【判斷題】Wecancontrolthereactionprocessevenwecannotmeasuretheparametersofchemicalreaction.本題答案：【錯(cuò)誤】12、【判斷題】Thegoalofgreenchemistryistoeliminatethepotentialofpollutionbeforeitoccurs.本題答案：【正確】13、【判斷題】Oneoftheobviouseffectofcatalysistofacilitatethereactionistominimizetheactivationenergy(energycosts),andthusreducethereactiontemperature.本題答案：【正確】14、【判斷題】Traditionalpollutiontreatmentcanprovideapermanentcure.本題答案：【錯(cuò)誤】15、【判斷題】Chemicalreactionwith100%atomutilizationhastwocharacteristics.Thereactantscouldbefullyutilized,andtheresourcecouldbemostpossiblyusedeconomically.Thewastecouldbeminimized.本題答案：【正確】7thWeek.Chapter3Homework18thWeek.Chapter3Homework29thWeek.Chapter3Homework310thWeek.Chapter3Homework410thWeek.Chapter3-UnitTest1、【多選題】Internalconsiderationsfordesigningsaferchemicalsmeanthepreventionoftoxiceffect(預(yù)防毒性).Theygenerallyincludeapproachesusingmolecularmanipulationstoreachthefollowingpurposes.本題答案：【Toavoidindirectbio-toxicityorbio-activation(生物活化)#Toavoiddirecttoxicity#Tofacilitatebio-detoxication】2、【多選題】Propertiesofchemicalsrelatedtotheirenvironmentaldistributionordispersioninclude:本題答案：【Volatility(揮發(fā)性)ormeltingpoint#Persistence(持久性)orbiodegradability#Watersolubility#Conversiontobiologicallyinactivesubstances】3、【多選題】Thethreefundamentalrequirementsforchemicaltoxicityare本題答案：【Exposure#Bio-availability#Intrinsictoxicity】4、【多選題】WecoulduseQSARequationstopredicttheaquatictoxicityofchemicalsbytransformingsomeimportantphysicochemicalpropertiesofthechemicalsintodescriptors.Theserelatedphysicochemicalpropertiesinclude:本題答案：【Octanol-waterpartitioncoefficient(logP)#Watersolubility#Dissolutionconstant#Relativemolecularweight】5、【多選題】Toxicokineticsrefertotheinterrelationshipofthefollowingprocesses:本題答案：【Absorption#Distribution】6、【多選題】Howtochangethepropertyofachemicalinordertoavoiditstoxicitytohumanbeingsandenvironment?本題答案：【Tomakeitnottopossibletoenterthebody#Tomakeitnotpossibletoaffectthebiochemicalandphysiologicalprocesseshazardously】7、【多選題】Whatarewronginthefollowingdescriptions?本題答案：【Pharmacophoreisastructuralfeaturethatthebiologicalresponseisundesiredinthecaseofdrugs#Toxicophoreisastructuralfeaturethatthebiologicaleffectisdesiredinthecaseofcommercialchemicalsubstances】8、【判斷題】Theconcentrationofaparticularsubstanceinitstargetorgansisnotnecessarilythehighest.本題答案：【正確】9、【判斷題】Ifwewanttoreducetheabsorptionofachemicalsubstancefromthegastrointestinaltract,thelipidsolubilityshouldbedesignedatLogP5.本題答案：【錯(cuò)誤】10、【判斷題】Electrophilicsubstances/metabolitesreactcovalentlywithnucleophilicsubstituentsofcellularmacromolecules.Thereversiblecovalentinteractionresultsinavarietyoftoxiceffects.本題答案：【錯(cuò)誤】11、【判斷題】ChemicalswithlogP≤2exhibitlowtoxicity,becausenosufficientlywatersolubilitytoenterthecellularmembranesofaquaticorganisms,thentheyarenotbioavailable.本題答案：【錯(cuò)誤】12、【判斷題】Internalconsiderationsfordesigningsaferchemicalsmeantopreventthetoxiceffectofchemicals.本題答案：【正確】13、【判斷題】Thepurposeofmetabolismisdetoxication.本題答案：【正確】14、【判斷題】Non-polar,lipid-solublechemicalscanpenetratethecellularmembranesmorereadily,becausecellularmembraneshaveahigherlipidcontent.本題答案：【錯(cuò)誤】15、【判斷題】Externalconsiderationsmeantheincrementofexposureoraccessibilityofchemicals.本題答案：【錯(cuò)誤】ReviewQuestion1、【多選題】Whichofthemolecularfeaturescangenerallyincreaseresistancetoaerobicbiodegradation?本題答案：【Halogens,especiallychlorineandfluorine#Chainbranchingandhigh-substitutedcompounds#Nitro,nitroso,azo,arylaminogroupsandaliphaticether(C-O-C)bonds#Polycyclicresiduesandheterocyclicresidues】11thWeek.Chapter4Homework1ReviewQuestion1、【多選題】PleasechoosetheotherphysicochemicalpropertiesrelatedtothetoxicityofchemicalstoaquaticspeciesexceptforlogP.本題答案：【W(wǎng)atersolubility#Molecularsizeandweight#Ionpairandzwitterions#Chelation】2、【判斷題】Theupdateofthechemicalswithmolecularweight≤1000Daltonswillbenegligible,becausethechemicalwillnotdiffuseacrosstherespiratorymembranes(呼吸膜)ofaquaticorganisms.本題答案：【錯(cuò)誤】12thWeekChapter4Homework213thWeekChapter4Homework313thWeekChapter4Unittest1、【多選題】Thefollowingmolecularfeaturesofchemicalsgenerallydoincreasetheresistancetoaerobic(需氧)biodegradation,except:本題答案：【Potentialsitesofenzymatichydrolysis#Un-substitutedlinearalkylchains】2、【多選題】Thepossibleeffectsofthesolubilityofchemicalsonbiodegradabilityareasfollows:本題答案：【Rateofsolubilization#Microbialbioavailability】3、【多選題】Whichgroupofmetalsinthefollowingshouldweavoidusingwhenwearedesigningmetalizedaciddyes(金屬化酸性染料).本題答案：【Al,Cr,orCo#Al,Cr,orZn#Cr,Co,orZn】4、【多選題】Biodegradabilityofchemicalsisusuallyenhancedbythefollowingmolecularfeatures:本題答案：【Un-substitutedlinearalkylandphenylrings#Oxygenintheformofhydroxylorcarboxylicgroups】5、【多選題】FordelocalizedcationicdyescontainingN,thetoxicitycomparisonshouldbe:本題答案：【PrimaryNSecondaryNTertiaryN#ThemoresubstituentsonNatomthereare,themoreacutethetoxicityis】6、【多選題】Classificationofsurfactantsincludes:本題答案：【Cationicsurfactants#Anionicsurfactants#Neutralsurfactants#Amphotericsurfactants】7、【多選題】Principlesfordesigningsaferdyechemicalstoaquaticspeciesinclude:本題答案：【Sulfonicgroup(磺酸基)isbetterthancarboxylicgroup(羧酸基)#Molecularweightshouldbelargerthan1000Daltons】8、【判斷題】Muscarinicantagonistis(蠅覃堿拮抗劑)isasilaneanalogofneopentylcarbamate(新戊基氨基甲酸酯),theformerismorebiodegradablethanthelatter.本題答案：【正確】9、【判斷題】Forveryinsolublechemicals,thereplacementofagivenfunctionalgroupthatincreasessolubilitymayreducethebiodegradability.本題答案：【錯(cuò)誤】10、【判斷題】IfOhasbeeninsertedintothestructureduringmoleculardesign,thebiodegradabilityofachemicalwillbeenhanced.本題答案：【正確】11、【判斷題】DDDisasilaneanalogofDDT(organochlorinepesticide有機(jī)氯殺蟲(chóng)劑),theformerismorebiodegradablethanthelatter.本題答案：【正確】12、【判斷題】Theeventualmineralizationoforganiccompoundscanbeattributedpredominantlytothebiodegradationbyhigherorganisms.本題答案：【錯(cuò)誤】13、【判斷題】IfwecomparethemoleculeA()withanothermoleculeB(),themoleculeAshowshighertoxicitythanthemoleculeB.本題答案：【錯(cuò)誤】14、【判斷題】Themajorityofchemicalsthataretoxictoaquaticspeciesaretoxicbyspecifictoxicity.本題答案：【錯(cuò)誤】15、【判斷題】TheintroductionofOisparticularlyimportantforbiodegradation,becausethe1ststepofbiodegradationissomekindofoxidationreactionwhichisalmostalwaystheratelimitingstep.本題答案：【正確】14thWeekChapter5Homework116thWeekChapter5Homework316thWeekChapter5-Unittest1、【多選題】Volatileorganiccompounds(VOCs)arefrequentlyusedassolventsinchemicalreactions,whichwillleadtopotentialharmfulnesstohandlersandenvironments.Fromtheviewpointsofgreenchemistry,whichinthefollowingcouldbeusedasnewsolventsinsteadofVOCsforchemicalsynthesis?本題答案：【W(wǎng)ater#SupercriticalCO2#Deepeutectics(低共熔溶劑)】2、【多選題】WecanusethefollowingsubstancestoreplacethetraditionalinorganicoxidantssuchasCrO3,KMnO4,andHNO3incleaneroxidationreactions:本題答案：【H2O2#Latticeoxygen#N2O#O2】3、【多選題】Theuseofcatalystsispreferredingreenchemistrybecauseofthefollowingreasons:本題答案：【Increasetheselectivityofaspecialproduct#Promotethechemicalprocesses#Reduceenvironmentalpollutions#Activatenewstartingmaterials】4、【多選題】Consideringthefoodrequirement,thefollowingbiomassresourcescouldbeusedasthechemicalfeedstocksforproducingfinechemicalsandliquidfuels:本題答案：【W(wǎng)oodywastes#Microalgae】5、【多選題】Catalyticdistillationisakindoftechniqueofprocessintensification,whichcombinesthecatalyticreactionandproductseparationinasingledistillationcolumn.Whichequipmentortechniquesinthefollowingareincludedinprocessintensification?本題答案：【Membranereactor#StaticMixers#Microreactors】6、【多選題】Oxidationreactionsarefrequentlyusedinpetrol-refinery(石油煉制).Tominimizethepollutionsinducedbyinorganicoxidants,somegreenoxidantscouldbeusedinchemicalsynthesis.Thesegreenoxidantsinclude:本題答案：【O3#N2O#latticeoxygen】7、【多選題】Volatileorganiccompounds(VOCs)arefrequentlyusedassolventsinchemicalreactions,therebyleadingtopotentialharmfulnessto