2024北京順義區(qū)高三（上）期末英語(yǔ)試題和答案

試題PAGE1試題2024北京順義高三（上）期末英語(yǔ)（第一次統(tǒng)練）考生須知：1.本試卷總分100分，考試時(shí)長(zhǎng)90分鐘。本試卷共12頁(yè)，共三部分。2.在答題卡上準(zhǔn)確填寫(xiě)學(xué)校、姓名、班級(jí)和教育ID號(hào)。3.考生務(wù)必在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答，在試卷上作答無(wú)效。選擇題必須用2B鉛筆作答，非選擇題必須用黑色字跡的簽字筆作答。4.考試結(jié)束后，請(qǐng)將答題卡交回，試卷自己保留。第一部分知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，30分)第一節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Agoldenfogsettledoverthefields.Thesunpreparedtorestfortheevening.Ilookedforwardtosettingmy___1___asideforanevening.Iwasn’tlongheadedhomewhenIheardavoicebehindme.“Photo,photo,photo.”Ayoungboyabout7or8yearsoldfollowedclosely.Ibreathedatiredsigh.Ihadno___2___topresstheshutterbuttononemoretime,nomatterhowbeautifuloreagerhewas,buthekeptfollowingme.AsIlookedathim,half___3___,anideaforacompositionflashedinmymind.Ikneeledinthefieldandinstructedtheboywheretostandandhowtopose.AsIpreparedtotakethephotograph,hisenergysuddenlyshiftedfrom___4___toshynesstofear.NomatterwhatItoldhimtodo—howtostand,howtolook—Ijustcouldn’tgetthe___5___.Defeated,Igaveup.Ilookedattheboy,wholooked___6___andawkward.Inaneffortto___7___him,Iclappedmyhands,saying,“Thatwasgreat.Youweregreat.”P(pán)assers-bygatheredaround,cheeringandclappingloudly.Theboy’sfaceimmediatelybrokeinto(a)___8___.Iintuitively(直覺(jué)地)tookafewshotsofthemoment.Thatphotographturnedouttobebetterthanthe___9___I’dimaginedbecauseitcamefromadeeperplacewithinme.Whenwe____10____frustration(懊惱)andfocusonwhat’shereinthemoment,thatiswhenwearemovedtocreatefromtheinsideout.1.A.money B.camera C.boots D.notebook2.A.time B.confidence C.energy D.chance3.A.interested B.disappointed C.relieved D.puzzled4.A.panic B.confusion C.eagerness D.directness5.A.help B.attention C.idea D.shot6.A.alone B.unconcerned C.violent D.thoughtful7.A.disturb B.cheer C.accept D.satisfy8.A.smile B.tears C.worries D.surprise9.A.style B.color C.content D.composition10.A.turnto B.dealwith C.letgoof D.giveinto第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)A閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫(xiě)1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。KennethShinozukawas10whenhisgrandfather,___11___hasAlzheimer’sdisease,begantowander.Hewantedtoinventsomethingtohelp.Thatturnedouttobeapressuresensorinasock.Thesensorwillsendanalarmtoacaregiver’ssmartphoneassoonasapatient___12___(step)outofbed.TodayKennethcontinuestoimprovehisinvention___13___(help)caregiversgetanalarmfromanydistance.HisbiggestdreamistoonedayfindcuresforallAlzheimer’s.B閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫(xiě)1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Merriam-Webster___14___(announce)that“authentic”wasatoptermoftheyear2023.TheriseofAlhelpeddriveinterest___15___theword.Andthelinebetween“real”and“fake”(假的)hasbecome___16___(increasing)unclear.Asaresult,insocialmediaandmarketing,“authentic”hasbecomethegoldstandardforbuildingtrust.C閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫(xiě)1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。WorldAnimalDayisanannualeventon4thOctober,___17___(aim)toimproveanimalrightsacrosstheglobe.It___18___(celebrate)sinceaGermanwriterandpublisherstarteditin1925.Throughjoininginvarious___19___(organize)events,peoplearebetterawareofhowanimalsshouldbetreated.Andtherearesomany___20___(option)foreveryonetohelpendtheneedlesssufferingofallanimals.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)第一節(jié)(共14小題;每小題2分，共28分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。ATheCAUSELeadershipAcademy(CLA)forstudentsisapaidnine-weekinternship(實(shí)習(xí))programthatconnectscollegeundergraduatestocommunitiesthroughlocalpoliticalexperiencesandpreparesthemtoleadandadvocateforthecivicengagement.GeneralInformation:·ProgramDuration:June24th,2024—August23rd,2024·LocationandTimeCommitment:CLAwillbeanin-person,full-timeprogram(5daysperweek,about40hoursperweek).·Payment:Eachinternwillreceive$4,000uponsatisfactorycompletionoftheprogram.ProgramGoals:·Togainnewskillsandknowledge·Todeepenunderstandingofissuesthatimpactthelocalcommunity·Toexplorecivicleadershipcareerpaths·TodevelopprofessionalexperienceandskillstobeeffectiveinpoliticaladvocacyandcampaignsupportProgramComponents:·Internswillworktogethertodevelopaproject.·Internswillbeplacedinapublic,private,ornon-profithostoffice.·InternswilllearnaboutandsupportcivicengagementeffortswiththeirHostOffice.·Internswilldevelopleadershipskillsandexpandunderstandingofcivicengagement.Requirementsfortheapplicants:·HaveaminimumGPA(GradePointAverage)of3.0·Beacurrentstudentwithatleastoneyearofcollegecompletedorarecentcollegegraduate·BeabletoactivelyparticipateinallmajoreventsForfullconsideration,applicantsmustensurebothApplicationandLetterofRecommendationarereceivedbySunday,January28th,2024at11:59pm.21.Theprogramaimstohelpparticipants_______.A.leadpoliticalcampaigns B.makehighacademicachievementsC.choosecivicleadershipcareerpaths D.deepenunderstandingofcivicissues22.CLAwillprovideinterns_______.A.atrainingonline B.aprojecttofinishindividuallyC.aleaderpositioninaHostOffice D.a$4,000paymentforgreatwork23.Whichisarequirementfortheapplicants?A.Participatinginallevents. B.HavingaGPAnolessthan3.0.C.ApplyingafterJanuary28th,2024. D.Beingacurrenthighschoolstudent.BIfyouhaveeverseenasnowflakedesignonjewelryorabag,chancesareitwasbasedononeofWilsonBentley’smorethan5,000photomicrographsofsnowcrystals(晶體).Atfirst,though,Bentleydidnothaveanywaytosharehisenjoymentofthedelicatehexagons(六邊形)otherthantodrawthem.Hespenthoursoutsideorinsidehisunheatedstoreroomwithamicroscope.Hewouldpickupasnowcrystalandtransferittoamicroscopeslide.There,heflatteneditwithabirdfeather.Then,holdinghisbreath,heobservedthecrystalandhurriedtodrawwhathesawbeforeitturnedforeverintothinair.Afewyearslater,Bentleybeganhispursuittophotographasnowcrystal.Heattachedamicroscopetoacamera.Timeaftertime,hisnegativesappearedblank.Thefollowingwinter,hefinallyfiguredoutthattoomuchlightwasreachingthecamera.Hissolutionwastoplaceametalplatewithatinyholeinthecenterbeneaththestageofthemicroscope.Itcutdownthestray(雜散的)lightandallowedonlythelightwavescarryingtheimagetoreachthecamera.OnJanuary15,1885,attheageof19,Bentleyfinallyphotographedasnowflake!Hespentmanyhoursoverthenext45yearsinhistinydarkroomdevelopingnegatives.Bentleylivedhisentirelifeonhischildhoodfarm.Hefarmedforaliving.Tohisfriendsandfamily,hewaskind,gentle,andfunny“Willie”.Buttoscientists,hewastheuntrainedresearcherwhobecameasnowcrystalpioneer.Hewroteforsciencejournals.Henotonlyphotographedsnowcrystalsbutalsobecameanauthorityondew(露水)andfrost.Hekeptadetaileddailylogoflocalweatherconditionsthroughouthislife.Hedevelopedamethodtomeasurethesizeofraindropstoo.Bentleynevermademorethanafewthousanddollarsfromhiswork.Ithadbeenalaboroflove,andhewassatisfiedtobeabletosharethebeautyofhissnowcrystalswiththeworld.Andtoday,heisrememberedasSnowflakeBentley.24.WhydidBentleydrawthesnowcrystals?A.Todesignproducts. B.Tobecomeanartist.C.Tosharehispleasure. D.Toresearchtheweather.25.Tophotographasnowcrystal,Bentley_______.A.improvedthemicroscope B.changedthenegativesC.turneddownthelight D.inventedacamera26.WhatdoweknowaboutBentley?A.Helivedasuccessfulbutboringlife. B.Hewaslaughedatforlackoftraining.C.Heearnedalotofmoneyfromhisphotos. D.Hewasnotonlyanartistbutalsoascientist.27.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.Practicemakesperfect. B.Intelligenceisthekeytosuccess.C.Loveanddevotionmakesaperson. D.Chancesareforthosewhoareprepared.CIloveagrouptext—agrext,ifyou’llpermitme—butlately,thehugenumberofthemcompetingformyattentionhasfeltoutofcontrol.BythetimeIwakeup,thenotificationshavealreadystartedrollingin;asI’mgoingtobed,they’restillcoming.Inbetween,Itrytokeepup,butallittakesisone30-minutemeetingbeforeI’vesomehowgotten100newmessages.Iscrollupandup,tryingtofindwhereIleftoff,likeI’velostmyplaceinabookthatkeepsgettinglonger.Forbetterorforworse,wemightbeintheAgeoftheGroupChat.Onestudyfoundthatlessthan2percentofparticipantshadonlyone-on-onechatsonsocialmedia.42percentsaidthatgroupchatscanfeellikeapart-timejob.Otherstudieshavefoundthatgroupchatscancontributetogroupbondandsharedfun.Agrouptextcanbelikeareminderthatyou’repartofsomething.Someresearcherscallthis“ambientvirtualpresence”:Evenwhenyou’realone,you’renotalone.Thisislikebatsanddolphinsproducingacontinuoussoundandusetheresultingecho(回聲)tosensewhat’saroundthem.Buttakingintoomanysignalscancreatea“waterfalltypeofeffect,”wheremessageskeepfloodinginandaddingup.Eventually,you’reunderwater.Addingtothedisorder,withoutastandardrule,peoplehaveverydifferentideasaboutgroupnormandwhatdegreeofresponsivenessisrequired—whichcancauserealtension.Fearofthattensioncanmakewordlessorevenleavingachatfeeldispiriting.Andanyway,youmightnotwanttomissout.Thedesireisn’ttoexittheroomsomuchastobreakawindow.Ifgroupmessagingislikeecholocation,thendisconnectingmeanslost.Ultimately,mostofusdowantconnection,evenifitinvolvessomeduties;we’lltakequantitiesofmessageswhenwe’rebusyifitmeanswecanreachoutwhenwe’rehurting.Ageneraladviceistogiveupgrextsthatarecarryingonbutthatdon’treallyinterestyou.Butwhenyoucan’t,you’lljusthavetoacceptthatbelongingtakessomeeffort.That’sthenatureofrelationships,right?28.TheauthoruseshisexperienceinParagraph1to_______.A.introducethetopic B.predicttheendingC.highlightanopinion D.illustrateanargument29.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph2?A.Lonelypeopleprefergroupchats. B.Batsanddolphinshavegroupchats.C.Groupchatsofferasenseofbelonging. D.Groupchatscreateafewpart-timejobs.30.Whatdoesthewriterintendtotellus?A.Groupchatneedsastandardrule.B.Groupchatgivesusmorefearthanjoy.C.Groupchathelpspromotestrongconnection.D.Groupchatisjustawaytomaintainrelationships.DBorders,departments,orissueareasallrepresentwhatsystemsanalystscallsystemboundaries.Systemboundariesdividethebig,messy,interconnectedworldintosmallersubsystems.Thisisuseful,evennecessary.Ourmindsandourcollectivegovernancesystemswouldbestuckifwehadtoalwaysconsideralltheconnectionsofeverythingtoeverythingelse.Butdividingsystemsintosubsystemscansometimesbreakanaturalcooperativity.Forinstance,adecarbonizingcountrywillspendmoneyinitsenergyandtransportationsectorsandsavemoneyinitshealthsystem.Decarbonizationcouldbeawinforthewhole,butitmightbeexperiencedasabotherforparticularsubsystems.DonellaMeadows,theearlysystemsmodeler,wrotethatsystemboundariesare“l(fā)inesinthemind,notintheworld.”Andthatisactuallygoodnews.Ifdepartments,anddisciplinesarejustideas,thenthereisnothingimmovableaboutthem.Wecanmaketheseborderslessobviousandconductpartnershipsacrossthem.Wecanevenredrawthemtoincludemoreofwhatmattersinasingleprojectorinvestment.That’sthepremiseofmultisolving—usingoneinvestmentoftimeorefforttoachieveseveralgoalsatonce.Forinstance,WarmUpNewZealand(WUNZ)upgradedtheenergyefficiencyofresidentialbuildingsandprovidedjobsinthebuildingsectorafterafinancialdownturn.Theprojectresultedinbetterhealthforresidents,aswell.Thattranslatedintohealthsystemssavings.Takentogether,a2011studyestimatedthatacrossallthesebenefits,theprojectsaved$3.90forevery$1invested.Multisolvingseemspossibleeverywhereandlikeanobviouschoice.Yet,itisverymuchtheexception,nottherule.Whyismultisolvingstillsorarewhenithasthenowertoboostprogressonsomeofthemosturgentissuesweface?Unfamiliaritystandsintheway,asdoesanoften-unexaminedassumptionthatmakingissuessmallermakesthemeasiertoaddress.Weoftenheartheviewpoint,“Ialreadyworkonpoverty(orclimate,etc.)andthat’shardenough.WhyshouldIaddbiodiversityorpollutiontothemix?”Fundraisingforcrossingborderscanbeastruggletoo.Funderswantthe“visibleresults”shown,buttheydon’talwaysseecrossingbordersasanessentialpartofachievingthoseresults.Itiseasytodevalueandunderemphasizeconnection-building.Afterall,itcanbedelicateandnotalwaysvisible.Buttorealizegoalsintoday’sworld,fromequitablepoliciesandlow-carbonfacilitiestovalueslikecooperationandfairness,wedoneeddeepshifts,andweneedthemsoon.Andfacilitatingtheflowofideasbackandforthacrossbordersisonewaytospeedchange.31.Asforsystemsboundaries,theauthoris______.A.critical B.puzzled C.supportive D.unconcerned32.Whatdoestheword“premise”underlinedinParagraph2probablymean?A.Prediction. B.Precondition. C.Prevention. D.Presentation.33.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Peoplearefamiliarwithmultisolving.B.WUNZperformedmultisolvingsuccessfully.C.Raisingmoneyhelpstoproducevisibleresults.D.Multisolvingiswidelyusedtoaddressproblems.34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Multisolving:HardtoachievesoonB.Multisolving:EssentialtosolvesmallissuesC.Multisolving:ConductingpartnershipacrossbordersD.Multisolving:Makingsystemswhole,healthy,andsustainable第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，共10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Flowisacognitive(認(rèn)知的)statewhereoneiscompletelyimmersed(沉浸)inanactivity—frompaintingandwritingtoyogaandsurfboarding.___35___TheprocessofflowwasdiscoveredandcoinedbytheHungarian-AmericanpsychologistMihalyCsikszentmihalyi.Inthe1960s,Csikszentmihalyistudiedthecreativeprocessandfoundthat,whenanartistwasinthecourseofflow,theywouldinsistontheirtaskstrictly,regardlessofhungerorexhaustion.___36___OneofCsikszentmihalyi’skeypointsaboutflowisthatapersonneedstopushoneselfoutoftheircomfortzonetostimulateit.Becauseit’sadynamicstate,onehastoconstantlyadjusttheskilllevel,challenge,andcomplexityrequiredfortheactivity.___37___Ifyourskilllevelgoesbeyondtheactivity,boredomwillsetin,whichwillbreakthestateofflow.___38___Onecanaccessflowbythinkingofactivitieslikesports,dancingandpainting.Wecanalsohaveaflowstateexperiencewithmanyofourday-to-daytasksandencounters.WatchingTVandvideogaming,however,arenotonthatlist.Flowcanalsobeatoolforbetteremotionregulation(調(diào)節(jié)).Whenapersonisinastateofflow,thereislittleneedfordoubtsoranxietiesaboutoneselfortheworldingeneral.___39___Throughtheprocessofflow,apersonchoosestofocusonataskandgainasenseofautonomyovertime,body,andmind.However,pushingyourselftofindtheflowstatecanbackfire.Infact,tryingtoohardorwonderingwhetheryouareinthisstateinitselfgoesagainstflow.Welosethebalancebetweentensionandskilllevelifweconcentratetoomuchonthetask.A.Eventheuncertaintiesoflifefallaway.B.Peoplemaynotrealizeitbutanyonecanfindflow.C.Askyourselfifacertaintaskwillfulfillagoalofyours.D.Flowcansometimesbeviewedasaforerunnerforpeakperformance.E.Healsofoundthattheartistwouldhighlighttheprocessandnottheendresult.F.Asyoupracticeaskill,yourlevelofmasterywillchangeaswillthefeelingofflow.G.Itinvolvesintensefocus,creativeengagementandthelossofawarenessoftimeandself.第三部分書(shū)面表達(dá)(共兩節(jié)，32分)第一節(jié)(共4小題;第40、41題各2分，第42題3分，第43題5分，共12分)閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問(wèn)題。There’sadifferencebetweenbeingniceandbeingkind.Beingniceinvolvesbeingpoliteandpleasingtoothers.Ifyou’repeoplepleasing,you’replacinganexpectationonthepersonyou’rebeingnicetothattheyrespondtoyouinacertainway.Beingkindislessself-serving.Ontheonehand,kindnessinvolvesbeinggenerouswithoutexpectinganythinginreturn.Theotherhalfisthepurposebehindtheaction.Akindpersonisactingoutofsympathyandgenuineconcernforanother.Thedifferenceisintentionality,saidDr.CatherineFranssen,anassociateprofessorofpsychologyatLongwoodUniversityinVirginia,notingthatakindpersontriestoreallyunderstandwhatsomeoneelseisgoingthrough.Practicingkindnessratherthannicenessallowspeopletodevelopdeepergenuineconnectionswithothers,saidFranssen.Themoreyoudoit,theeasieritwillgettorelatetoothersandbuildmoremeaningfulrelationshipsinallaspectsoflife.Thewarmfeelingyougetfromperforminganactofkindnessisyourbrainreleasingatonoffeel-goodchemicals.Franssensaidbeingkindboostsproductionofserotonin,aneurotransmitter(神經(jīng)傳遞素)involvedinmood,includinghappiness.Kindnessalsoreleasesdopamine,abrainchemicalinchargeofrewardandpleasure.It’sthereasonwhydoingoneactofkindnessfeelssogoodthatyouwanttodoanother.Beingkindgivesthesamehealthbenefits,regardlessofhowbigorsmallthegesture.Actsofkindnessmightfeelstrangeandout-of-characteratfirst.However,thisfeelinggoesawaythemoreyoukeeppracticing.Soonenough,itbecomessofamiliaryou’llnoticethebenefitsonyourselfandothers.40.Whatdoesbeingkindinvolve?_____________________________________________________________41.Whydoyougetwarmfeelingwhenshowingkindness?_____________________________________________________________42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.>Themoreyoupracticeniceness,theeasieryouwillconnectwithothersandestablishmoremeaningfulrelationshipsinallaspectsoflife._____________________________________________________________43.Inyourdailylife,whatcanyoudotoshowkindness?(Inabout40words)_____________________________________________________________第二節(jié)(20分)44.假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高三學(xué)生李華。你校交換生Jim被學(xué)生會(huì)邀請(qǐng)參加主題為“Lifein2023”的學(xué)年總結(jié)展示活動(dòng)，他發(fā)來(lái)郵件詢問(wèn)你的建議。請(qǐng)你給他回復(fù)郵件，內(nèi)容包括：1.展示形式；2.展示內(nèi)容。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2.開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。DearJim,__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHun.

參考答案第一部分知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，30分)第一節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)【答案】1.B2.C3.A4.C5.D6.A7.B8.A9.D10.C【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者在回家路上遇到一個(gè)小男孩要作者為他拍照，作者拒絕后又決定為他拍照，但小男孩很緊張，作者通過(guò)鼓勵(lì)他讓他放松并最終拍出了比預(yù)期更好的照片。這個(gè)故事告訴我們，當(dāng)我們放下挫折，專注于當(dāng)下，就能從內(nèi)心深處創(chuàng)造出更好的作品。【1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我盼望著把相機(jī)擱到一邊過(guò)一個(gè)晚上。A.money金錢(qián)；B.camera相機(jī)；C.boots靴子；D.notebook筆記本。根據(jù)“Photo,photo,photo.”可知，作者是一個(gè)攝影師，一天的勞累之后，作者想把相機(jī)放下。故選B。【2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我沒(méi)有精力再按一次快門(mén)，不管他是多么美麗，多么急切，但他一直跟著我。A.time時(shí)間；B.confidence自信；C.energy精力；D.chance機(jī)會(huì)。根據(jù)“Ilookedforwardtosettingmy___1___asideforanevening.”可知，作者已經(jīng)很累了，所以沒(méi)有精力再按快門(mén)了。故選C。【3題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我半感興趣地看著他，腦海里閃過(guò)一幅作品的念頭。A.interested感興趣的；B.disappointed失望的；C.relieved欣慰的；D.puzzled困惑的。根據(jù)“anideaforacompositionflashedinmymind.”可知，作者腦海里閃過(guò)一幅好的作品，所以對(duì)小男孩感興趣了。故選A。【4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我準(zhǔn)備拍照時(shí)，他的表達(dá)力突然從渴望變成害羞，再變成恐懼。A.panic恐慌；B.confusion困惑；C.eagerness渴望；D.directness直接。根據(jù)“Photo,photo,photo.”可知，小男孩起初很渴望拍照，后來(lái)又變得很羞怯和恐懼。故選C。【5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：不管我告訴他怎么做——怎么站，怎么看——我就是得不到那個(gè)鏡頭。A.help幫助；B.attention注意；C.idea想法；D.shot鏡頭。根據(jù)“Iintuitively(直覺(jué)地)tookafewshotsofthemoment.”可知，作者想要給小男孩拍照，但是一直沒(méi)有得到理想的鏡頭。故選D。【6題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我看著那個(gè)男孩，他看起來(lái)孤獨(dú)而尷尬。A.alone獨(dú)自的；B.unconcerned不關(guān)心的；C.violent暴力的；D.thoughtful深思熟慮的。根據(jù)“Defeated,Igaveup.”可知，作者放棄了，不再教男孩擺任何動(dòng)作，所以男孩站在那里變得很孤獨(dú)。故選A?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：為了讓他高興起來(lái)，我拍著手說(shuō)：“太棒了。你太棒了，”A.disturb打擾；B.cheer使高興；C.accept接受；D.satisfy滿意。根據(jù)“Theboy’sfaceimmediatelybrokeinto(a)___8___.”可知，作者鼓掌是為了讓小男孩高興起來(lái)。故選B?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：男孩的臉上立刻露出了笑容。A.smile微笑；B.tears眼淚；C.worries擔(dān)心；D.surprise驚訝。根據(jù)“Iclappedmyhands,saying,“Thatwasgreat.Youweregreat.””可知，作者在鼓勵(lì)小男孩，所以小男孩笑了。故選A?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：那張照片比我想象的作品要好，因?yàn)樗鼇?lái)自我內(nèi)心深處。A.style風(fēng)格；B.color顏色；C.content內(nèi)容；D.composition作品。根據(jù)“AsIlookedathim,half___3___,anideaforacompositionflashedinmymind.”可知，這里指作者起初所構(gòu)思的作品比自己想象的要好。故選D。【10題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我們放下沮喪，專注于當(dāng)下的事情時(shí)，我們就會(huì)被從內(nèi)到外的創(chuàng)造所感動(dòng)。A.turnto轉(zhuǎn)向；B.dealwith處理；C.letgoof放下；D.giveinto屈服于。根據(jù)“andfocusonwhat’shereinthemoment,”可知，此處指放下沮喪和挫折，轉(zhuǎn)而專注于當(dāng)下的事情。故選C。第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)【答案】11.who12.steps13.tohelp【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了KennethShinozuka為幫助患有阿爾茨海默病的祖父而發(fā)明了壓力傳感器，并不斷改進(jìn)它以幫助更多的護(hù)理人員?！?1題詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：KennethShinozuka10歲時(shí)，他患有阿爾茲海默的祖父病情開(kāi)始顯現(xiàn)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是hisgrandfather，指人，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞who引導(dǎo)。故填who?！?2題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：傳感器會(huì)在病人踏出病床時(shí)立即向護(hù)理人員的智能手機(jī)發(fā)送警報(bào)。連詞短語(yǔ)assoonas引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，主句用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)。主語(yǔ)apatient是單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故填steps。【13題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：今天，Kenneth繼續(xù)改進(jìn)他的發(fā)明，以幫助護(hù)理人員從任何距離獲得警報(bào)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作目的狀語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用不定式形式。故填tohelp。【答案】14.announced15.in16.increasingly【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了“authentic”被《韋氏詞典》評(píng)為2023年度熱門(mén)詞匯的原因?！?4題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：《韋氏詞典》宣布“authentic”是2023年的熱門(mén)詞匯之一。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“2023”可知，應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故填announced?！?5題詳解】考查介詞。句意：人工智能的興起推動(dòng)了人們對(duì)這個(gè)詞的興趣。driveinterestinsth.意為“推動(dòng)對(duì)……的興趣”，故填in?！?6題詳解】考查副詞。句意：“真”與“假”之間的界限越來(lái)越模糊。修飾形容詞unclear應(yīng)用副詞形式。故填increasingly。【答案】17.aiming18.hasbeencelebrated19.organized20.options【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了世界動(dòng)物日的相關(guān)信息?！?7題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：世界動(dòng)物日是每年10月4日舉行的活動(dòng)，旨在提高全球動(dòng)物權(quán)利。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞is，所以設(shè)空處應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。邏輯主語(yǔ)WorldAnimalDay與aim之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)。故填aiming?！?8題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：自1925年一位德國(guó)作家和出版商發(fā)起以來(lái)，它就一直在慶祝。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)sinceaGermanwriterandpublisherstarteditin1925可知，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，又因?yàn)閕t和celebrate之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故填hasbeencelebrated。【19題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：通過(guò)參加各種有組織的活動(dòng)，人們更好地意識(shí)到應(yīng)該如何對(duì)待動(dòng)物。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，所以用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。event和名詞organize之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)。故填organized。【20題詳解】考查名詞的數(shù)。句意：每個(gè)人都有很多選擇來(lái)幫助結(jié)束所有動(dòng)物不必要的痛苦。option是可數(shù)名詞，根據(jù)somany可知，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填options。第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)第一節(jié)(共14小題;每小題2分，共28分)【答案】21.D22.D23.B【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要提供了關(guān)于CAUSE領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力學(xué)院（CLA）學(xué)生實(shí)習(xí)項(xiàng)目的詳細(xì)信息，包括項(xiàng)目的持續(xù)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間承諾、薪酬、目標(biāo)、內(nèi)容以及申請(qǐng)要求等?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“TheCAUSELeadershipAcademy(CLA)forstudentsisapaidnine-weekinternshipprogramthatconnectscollegeundergraduatestocommunitiesthroughlocalpoliticalexperiencesandpreparesthemtoleadandadvocateforthecivicengagement.(面向?qū)W生的CAUSE領(lǐng)導(dǎo)學(xué)院(CLA)是一個(gè)為期九周的帶薪實(shí)習(xí)項(xiàng)目，通過(guò)當(dāng)?shù)卣谓?jīng)驗(yàn)將大學(xué)本科生與社區(qū)聯(lián)系起來(lái)，為他們領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和倡導(dǎo)公民參與做好準(zhǔn)備)”可知，該項(xiàng)目旨在幫助參與者加深對(duì)公民問(wèn)題的理解，為他們領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和倡導(dǎo)公民參與做好準(zhǔn)備。故選D?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章“GeneralInformation”部分中的“Payment:Eachinternwillreceive$4,000uponsatisfactorycompletionoftheprogram.(報(bào)酬：在圓滿完成項(xiàng)目后，每位實(shí)習(xí)生將獲得4,000美元)”可知，在圓滿完成項(xiàng)目后，CLA將會(huì)給每位實(shí)習(xí)生提供4,000美元。故選D。【23題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章“Requirementsfortheapplicants”部分中的“HaveaminimumGPA(GradePointAverage)of3.0(平均績(jī)點(diǎn)(GPA)不低于3.0分)”可知，申請(qǐng)人的平均成績(jī)不低于3.0分。故選B?！敬鸢浮?4.C25.A26.D27.C【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇人物傳記。文章主要講述了WilsonBentley如何通過(guò)不懈的努力和堅(jiān)持，成為雪花晶體攝影領(lǐng)域的先驅(qū)，并對(duì)氣象成因象進(jìn)行了深入的研究。【24題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Atfirst,though,Bentleydidnothaveanywaytosharehisenjoymentofthedelicatehexagons(六邊形)otherthantodrawthem.(不過(guò)，一開(kāi)始，Bentley除了畫(huà)出這些精致的六邊形之外，沒(méi)有任何方式來(lái)分享他對(duì)它們的喜愛(ài)和欣賞)”可知，Bentley畫(huà)雪晶是為了分享自己對(duì)它們的喜愛(ài)。故選C?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Thefollowingwinter,hefinallyfiguredoutthattoomuchlightwasreachingthecamera.Hissolutionwastoplaceametalplatewithatinyholeinthecenterbeneaththestageofthemicroscope.Itcutdownthestray(雜散的)lightandallowedonlythelightwavescarryingtheimagetoreachthecamera.(第二年冬天，他終于弄清楚了，因?yàn)榈竭_(dá)相機(jī)的光線太多了。他的解決方案是在顯微鏡臺(tái)下方的中央放置一個(gè)金屬板，上面有一個(gè)小孔。它切斷了雜散光，只允許攜帶圖像的光波到達(dá)相機(jī))”可知，為了拍攝雪晶，Bentley需要改進(jìn)顯微鏡，在顯微鏡臺(tái)下方的中央放置一個(gè)金屬板，上面有一個(gè)小孔。它切斷了雜散光，只允許攜帶圖像的光波到達(dá)相機(jī)。故選A?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段“Buttoscientists,hewastheuntrainedresearcherwhobecameasnowcrystalpioneer.Hewroteforsciencejournals.Henotonlyphotographedsnowcrystalsbutalsobecameanauthorityondew(露水)andfrost.Hekeptadetaileddailylogoflocalweatherconditionsthroughouthislife.Hedevelopedamethodtomeasurethesizeofraindropstoo.(但對(duì)科學(xué)家來(lái)說(shuō)，他是一個(gè)未經(jīng)訓(xùn)練的研究人員，后來(lái)成為了雪晶的先驅(qū)。他為科學(xué)雜志撰稿。他不僅拍攝雪晶，而且還成為露水和霜的權(quán)威。他一生中每天都詳細(xì)記錄當(dāng)?shù)氐奶鞖馇闆r。他還發(fā)明了一種測(cè)量雨滴大小的方法)”可知，Bentley不僅僅拍攝了雪晶，而且還成為露水和霜的權(quán)威，他還發(fā)明了一種測(cè)量雨滴大小的方法。也就是說(shuō)，他不僅僅是一位藝術(shù)家也是一位科學(xué)家。故選D?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Ithadbeenalaboroflove,andhewassatisfiedtobeabletosharethebeautyofhissnowcrystalswiththeworld.(這是一種愛(ài)的勞動(dòng)，他很滿意能夠與世界分享雪晶的美麗)”以及全文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要講述的是WilsonBentley對(duì)雪花晶體攝影的熱愛(ài)和投入，以及他如何通過(guò)不懈的努力和堅(jiān)持成為該領(lǐng)域的專家和權(quán)威。因此，我們可以從文章中學(xué)到的是愛(ài)和奉獻(xiàn)成就一個(gè)人。故選C。【答案】28.A29.C30.D【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了群發(fā)短信的原因和影響，以及人們應(yīng)該怎樣處理這種情況。【28題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章第一段“Iloveagrouptext—agrext,ifyou’llpermitme—butlately,thehugenumberofthemcompetingformyattentionhasfeltoutofcontrol.BythetimeIwakeup,thenotificationshavealreadystartedrollingin;asI’mgoingtobed,they’restillcoming.Inbetween,Itrytokeepup,butallittakesisone30-minutemeetingbeforeI’vesomehowgotten100newmessages.Iscrollupandup,tryingtofindwhereIleftoff,likeI’velostmyplaceinabookthatkeepsgettinglonger.(我喜歡群發(fā)短信——如果你允許的話，我很喜歡群發(fā)短信——但最近，大量群發(fā)短信爭(zhēng)奪我的注意力讓我感覺(jué)失去了控制。當(dāng)我醒來(lái)的時(shí)候，通知已經(jīng)開(kāi)始滾滾而來(lái)。就在我上床睡覺(jué)的時(shí)候，它們還在來(lái)。在此期間，我試著跟上進(jìn)度，但只需要開(kāi)一個(gè)30分鐘的會(huì)，我就能收到100條新信息。我向上滾動(dòng)，試圖找到我停下來(lái)的地方，就像我在一本越來(lái)越長(zhǎng)的書(shū)中失去了我的位置。)”可知，作者利用他在第一段中的經(jīng)驗(yàn)介紹本文話題。故選A。【29題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章第二段“Forbetterorforworse,wemightbeintheAgeoftheGroupChat.Onestudyfoundthatlessthan2percentofparticipantshadonlyone-on-onechatsonsocialmedia.42percentsaidthatgroupchatscanfeellikeapart-timejob.Otherstudieshavefoundthatgroupchatscancontributetogroupbondandsharedfun.Agrouptextcanbelikeareminderthatyou’repartofsomething.Someresearcherscallthis“ambientvirtualpresence”:Evenwhenyou’realone,you’renotalone.Thisislikebatsanddolphinsproducingacontinuoussoundandusetheresultingecho(回聲)tosensewhat’saroundthem.(不管是好是壞，我們可能正處于群聊時(shí)代。一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，只有不到2%的參與者只在社交媒體上進(jìn)行一對(duì)一的