2020年淺析愛默生的《論自助》英語論文

淺析愛默生的《論自助》英語論文Emerson,RalphWaldoisanoutstandingAmericanwriterinthenieenthcentury.HisworkSelf-Relianceisanimportantandinfluentialworkwhichencouragesamantobeconfidentandindependent.ThroughtheanalysisandresearchofEmersonandhisworks,thethesisexploresfourmainideasinthework,including“TheConfidence”,“TheIndependence”,“ThePersonality”,“ShowingnoSympathytothePoor”,ofwhich“TheConfidence”isthecorepointinthisthesis.Basedontheresearchofthefourideas,thethesisdiscussestheenlightenmentsontoday’ssociety,includingtheenlightenmentsontheconfidentandoptimisticattitudestowardslife,thepromotionoffemale’sself-reliance,theinfluenceonindividuals’suessandacountry’sprosperity.Self-reliance;Emerson;enlightenment拉爾夫華爾多愛默生是美國十九世紀著名的作家，《論自助》是其極具影響力的一部作品，也是一部激勵人們自信、獨立的作品。論文從分析、研究愛默生及其作品出發(fā)，探索了作品中的四種主要思想，包括“自信”、“獨立”、“個性”、“拒絕對窮人的同情”，其中，“自信”是論文的核心。在研究作品主要思想的基礎(chǔ)上，論文探討了作品的主要思想對當今社會的啟迪和影響，包括對樂觀自信生活態(tài)度的啟迪、對女性自助思想的促進、對個人成功的影響及對國家繁榮與富強的影響。愛默生；自助；啟迪Emerson,RalphWaldowasoneofthemostoutstandingAmericanwritersinthe19thcentury;heexperiencedmuchinhiswholelife.HisSelf-Relianceisaninfluentialworkwhichdeeplyattractsmanyreaders.“BelieveinOneself”isthemainideaexpressedandanalyzedinthework.InSelf-Reliance,thereexistfourkindsofimportantthoughts.Thefirstkindofthoughtis“TheConfidence”.Emersonadvocatedthatamanmustshowhisopinionconfidentlyandbravelyinspiteofdifferentideas.“TheIndependence”isthesecondkindofimportantthoughtwhichisexpressedinSelf-Reliance.Amanshouldkeephimselffirmlybutnotbeeasilyinfluencedbyenvironment.Thethirdkindofthoughtistokeeppersonality,whichiscloselyrelatedtotheconfidenceandtheindependence.FromEmerson’sopinion,amanmustkeephispersonalityandconformtohisownprinciples.“ShowingnoSympathytothePoor”isthefourthkindofthoughtinthework.Itshowsthatwhythepoorarepoorismainlyduetotheirbackwardthinking.Showinghelptothiskindofpeoplemeansdoingharmtothem.AlltheseideasinEmerson’sSelf-reliancehaveenlightenmentsontoday’ssociety.Theyhelppeopletakeconfidentandoptimisticattitudestowardslife.Theseimportantthoughtsenlightenthefemaletobeconfidentandstrivefortheirsocialstatus.Besides,theyarecrucialforindividuals’suess.Eachmanwhopossessesthethoughtsiseasytomakeprogressandachievesuess.Moreover,acountry’sprosperityisestablishedonthebasisofconfidenceandindependence.A.Emerson,RalphWaldoEmersonwasoneofthemostoutstandingAmericanwritersinthe19thcentury.Hewasborninaclergyman’sfamilyinBostonin1803andraisedbyhismotherandaunt.Americawaslivelybutdisorderedwhenhewasborn.Somepeoplewereawareoftheappearanceofnewpower,butnobodycouldexpressitclearly.HeenteredHarvardUniversitywhenhewas14yearsold.Duringthisperiodoftime,hereadalargenumbersofbooksaboutBritainromanticismandenrichedhisthoughts.Threeyearslater,hegraduatedandbecameateacherfortwoyears.In1826,heenteredseminaryofHarvardandformallyappointedaspriestin1829.However,heresigned3yearslaterfortworeasons,thatis,hewasunsatisfiedwiththedogmaandhiswifediedofillness.ThenhetraveledaroundEuropeandgottoknowsomefamouswriters.Hewasdeeplyinfluencedbyromanticismandgraduallyformedhisowntranscendentalism.Hereturnedtohiscountryin1834andthensettledwithhissecondwifeinConcord.Inthetimefollowing,hepublishedNaturethatincludesalmostallhisimportantideas.Fromthattimeon,hemadeaddresseseverywherepubliclyandgraduallybecameacelebratedscholarinAmerica.Emersonalwaysheldasmallpartywithhisfriendsandmadediscussionabouttheology,philosophyandsociology.Suchkindofpartywascalledtranscendentalismclubatthattime.Naturally,EmersonbecametheleaderoftranscendentalismandwasresponsibleforbriningtranscendentalismtoEngland.EmersoncollectedallhisspeechmaterialsandmadeabookcalledEssays,includingSelf-reliance,Love,andFriendshipandsoon.Emerson’sEssaysspeakshighlyofthemanwhoshouldtrusttheirownsuggestion.Headvocatedthatamanshoulddevelopthenationalprideandopposedfollowingtheothers’saying.AlmostallhisspeechesmadeadeepinfluenceonAmerica’snationalcivilization.In1837,hepublishedafamousspeechwhichdeclaredthattheAmericanliteraturewasseparatedfromBritainliterature.Hewasalsothespokesmanoftranscendentalism.Emersonabandonedthethoughtwhichtakesgodasthecentre.Heraisedtheideathatthemancouldknowthetruthbyinstinct,sotosomeextent,themanisthegod.Thenhecriedoutthat‘BelieveinYourself’.Hisopinionreflectedtheadvancingspiritofcapitalismsociety.ThispositivespiritwascalledasAmericanreligionanditpushedthedevelopmentofnationalspiritofAmerica.HewastheclairvoyantofAmericanspiritandbelongedtoAmerica,Emerson’sthoughtsandworkslargelypromotedtheestablishmentanddevelopmentofAmericannationalspirit.B.Self-RelianceEmerson’sworksdeeplyattractreaders,especiallySelf-Reliance,whichisfromEssays.Thisproseisfinishedaordingtoaseriesofspeechmaterialsbetween1836and1837.Self-Relianceishissignificantworkwhichexpresseshisideaoftranscendentalism.“BelieveinYourself”isthecorepointofSelf-Reliance.Emersonopposedallformsofimitationintheworks.Hethoughtthemanshouldbelievehewasexcellentatanytime.Therealmanshouldlearnhowtorejecttodriftwiththestream.Ifamanisafraidofpublicopinionorpelledhimtodosomethingunchanged,hewillpossiblylosetheinnovativeabilitywhichleadshimtosuess.Ifapersondoesn’twanttolethimorthesocietydown,hemustplywiththeprinciplesinhisinnerheart,yetthepeoplewhoplywiththeauthority,traditionorcurrentsystemmeansbreakthisprinciple.TheideaswhichEmersonexpressedinhisprosearelargelydifferent.TheyagreedwiththeAmericanpeople’soptimisticspiritatthattime.Aboveall,hebelievedinindividualism,independenceandself-reliance.Hisworksisnoteasytobeunderstood.Hereconstructedthemonliteratureimagesinwritingskillandendowedtheworkswithnewideas.Generally,thereadershaveamonviewthathisideasarespecialandunique.Nowadays,therearemanybooksaboutself-support.TheauthorsexpressaseriesofideasasEmersondid.Thedifferenceisthatthemonbooksareeasiertobeunderstood.Theauthorsusesimplesentencesintheirworkssothatallreaderscaneasilyknowwhattheauthorsexpress.ButEmerson’sSelf-relianceisneededtoreadmanytimes.Hemainlyexpressedfourimportantideasinthisworks,including“TheConfidence”,“TheIndependence”,“ThePersonality”,“ShowingNoSympathytothePoor”.“Theconfidence”isacorepointwhichEmersonstressedinSelf-Reliance.Allmenshouldtrusttheirownopinionsinspiteofthedifferentideas.Emersonthoughtamanshouldtrusthimselffirmly.“TheIndependence”isanothersubjectwhichSelf-Reliancefullyelaborates.Itexpressesthatamanshouldactindependentlybutnotalwaysreliesontheotherpeople.Besides,“ShowingnoSympathytothePoor”agreeswiththeideaofself-support.Intheworks,Emersongavetheopinionthatthepoorarelackofadvancingideas.Theresultofsupportingthepooristodoharmtothem.Atlast,tobeaself-reliantperson,themanshouldkeephispersonality.Theseideasareimportantintoday’ssociety.Thisproseexertsmuchinfluenceonmanyordinarypeople.Self-Relianceisnotanaveragework.Itscontentisdifficultforreaderstounderstand.Emersonshowedmanyofhisopinionsaboutlifeinthework.Themostimportantideasinclude“TheConfidence”,“TheIndependence”,“ThePersonality”,and“ShowingnoSympathytothePoor”.Theseideasarepracticableandmeaningfulforthereader’slives.A.TheConfidenceSelf-RelianceisoneofEmerson’simportantworkswhichexpresshistranscendentalism.“BelieveinOneself”isthecorepointinit.Intheworks,Emersonshowedhisopinionsabouttheconfidence.Hecriticizedallformsofimitationandopposedallself-abasedpeople.TheconfidenceisanevidentideawhichEmersongaveinSelf-Reliance.Hethoughtthattheconfidencewasaveryimportantvirtue.ThephilosophicalideawhichheexpressedinSelf-Reliancehaditsspecialpower.ItenlightenedmanypeopleandcateredtothespiritofoptimisminAmericaatthattime.Emersonbelievedamanmusttrusthimselfandbehimself.Manyself-abasedpeoplecan’texpressthemselvesbravelyandareashamedoftheirdivineideasjustbecausetheideasaretheirown.Emersonbelievedthatthemanshouldconcernhisownpointsofviewandkeepthemsteadfastly.Inhisopinion:“Amanshouldlearntodetectandwatchthegleamoflightflashesacrosshismindfromwithin,morethanthelusterofthefirmamentofbardsandcages.Yethedismisseswithoutnoticehisthought,becauseitishis.”(Emerson,P7,xx)Fromthissentence,itcanbeacquiredthatEmersongavesupportforexpressingone’sownideasloudlyandbravelyinspiteoftheothers’existence.Emerson’sopinionsenlightenamantokeephisoriginalsayinginthefaceofmixedvoices.Asanindividualinsociety,amanshouldn’tsuspecthimself,orthesuspicionfromtheotherpeoplewillattackhimconstantly.Thepersonwhodoesn’tbelieveinhimselfwillneverwintheother’scredibility.InEmerson’sSelf-Reliance,Itisalittledifficulttounderstandthemeaning.However,“TrustYourself”isexpressedclearlyandcanbeknownbyreaderseasily.Theauthorshowedtheideathatthemanshouldownthespiritofself-confidenceandtrytobethetruehimself.Forexample,EmersonsaidinSelf-reliance:“Letusneverbowandapologizemore.Agreatmanisingtoeatatmyhouse,Idonotwishtopleasehim;Iwishthatheshouldwishtopleaseme”.(Emerson,P20,xx)OnEmerson’ssaying,itisknownthathesupportedthemantobehimselfgenerouslyinspiteoftheotherpeople’ssocialstatus.Onceapersonestotheworld,heispossibletobethebestone.However,manypeoplearegenerallytimid,andtheyarenolongerupright,theyareafraidofsaying“Ithink”,butonlyquotemotto.Asamatteroffact,Emersonencouragedthepeopletoexpress“Ithink”,“Iam”bravelyanddirectly.Thesewordsclearlyprovethespiritofself-trust.Thereisapopularsayingthat“ifyouthinkyoucan,youcan”.Theconfidenceisthefirststeptomakesuess.AndEmersonshowedthevaluableideainhisworks.ItisbelievedthatthereadersaremoreconfidentaftertheyfinishedSelf-reliance.B.TheIndependenceJustas“TheConfidence”,“TheIndependence”isalsoasignificantideawhichEmersonshowedintheworks.“TheIndependence”iscloselyrelatedwiththespiritofself-reliance.Theauthormentioned“TheIndependence”everywhereintheworks.Emersonsupportedthemantobethetruehimselfindependently.Eachpersonshouldactaordingtowhathethinks.AordingtoEmerson’soriginalwords:“whatImustdoisallthatconcernsme,notwhatthepeoplethink”(Emerson,P15,xx)，Emersonthoughtthatthepeopleshouldn’tbeinfluencedbytheothers.Eachoneisthefirstwhoknowshimselfmuch.Itisknownthattheonlyrightistoconformtotheman’sownwill,namely,theonlywrongthingiswhatisagainsthisownwill.Emersonsupportedthatthepeopleinsistoncarryingthemselvesinthefaceofallopposition.Thetrueself-independenceisvoidofother’sencouragement;prizeisjustasanauxiliaryfunctionforachievements.Thetrueself-independentmanisonewhostillstandfirmlywhenallpeoplefallover,andwhohimselfplaysthemajorroleinhisworld,whilealltheotherpersonsaresupportingroles.Emersonpointedoutthatitwaseasytoliveaftertheworld’sopinion.Mostpeopleprefertothisindailylives.Butagreatmanalwaysseparateshimselffromthecrowds.Generallyspeaking,manypeopleareeasilyinfluencedbyenvironment.EmersonsharplyopposedthisideainSelf-Reliance.Hethoughtthemanshouldcultivatethepersonalityofself-independence.Emersonexpressedanotherkindofviewpoint,thatis,consistency,whichisinlargescaleakindofself-trust.Heoncesaid:“Areverenceforourpastactorword,becausetheeyesofothershavenootherdataforputingourorbitthanourpastacts,andweareloathtodisappointthem”.(Emerson,P16,xx)Indeed,alargenumberofpersonalwayscopewiththeirlivesinthesameway,becausetheyareafraidofbeingdefeatedbynewmethods.However,theyarelackofinnovation,whichmakesthemlackofself-independence.Becauseoftheirconsistency,itisverydifficultforthemtomakeprogressorstrideinlife.Independenceisestablishedonthebasisofcontinuousnewprogress.Therefore,thespiritofinnovationcanstrengthenself-reliance.Emersonsaid:“Naturesuffersnothingtoremaininherkingdomswhichcannothelpitself.Thegenesisandmaturationofapla,itspoiseandorbit,thebendedtreerecoveringitselffromthestrongwind,thevitalresourcesofeveryanimalandvegetable,aredemonstrationsofself-sufficing,andthereforeself-relyingsoul”.(Emerson,p30,xx)AordingtoEmerson’swords,thesocietyrefusesthepersonswithoutself-reliance.Noonecanhelpthemanexcepthimself.Thoseindependentpeoplecanstandeasilyandstably.Independenceisanindispensablequalityforone’ssuess.Emersonpointedoutthatthemanwithoutanyindependentideaisdifficulttoconducthimself.Therefore,itisverynecessarytoformthehabitofself-reliance.C.ThePersonalityInSelf-Reliance,Emersonadvocatedthatamanshoulddoeverythingaordingtohisownwill.Thisthoughtiscloselyrelatedwiththeideaofconfidence.Aconfidentmanistheonewhoalwayskeepshisownpersonality.ItisaveryimportantthoughtwhichEmersonexpressedintheworks.Itdoeshelpthereaderstobeconfident.Nowadays,manypeopletendtochasefashionandimitatestars.Somepeoplelovethestars’charactersdeeplyandevenwanttobeastar.Infact,thesepeopleareexcellentinmanyaspects,buttheyneverlookfortheirmeritscarefully.ItissaidinTheBestSellerintheWorld:“I’mthegreatestmiracleinthenature;nooneissamewithmesincethegodcreatedtheworld.Myhead,eyes,ears,handsaredistinctive.I’mtheuniquenessintheworld.”(OgMandino,p45,1996)Fromthisopinion,itisknownthateachmanisdifferent,andeachmanhashisownworthintheworld.Itisuselesstoimitateanyone.Emersonsuggestedthemanexpresstheiropinionsloudlyandbravelyeveniftheyarewrong.Amanshouldconformtohisownprinciplesandliveonhisway.Emersonsaid:“Nolawcanbescaredtomebutthatofmynature.Goodandbadarebutnamesveryreadilytransferabletothatorthis;theonlyrightiswhatisaftermyconstitution,theonlywrongwhatisagainstit.Amanistocarryhimselfinthepresenceofallopposition,asifeverythingweretitularandephemeralbutme.”(Emerson,P10,xx)Fromthewords,itisevidentthatamanshouldkeephimselfinspiteoftheothers’existence.Oncethedecisionhasbeenmade,itisuneasytochangeitorgiveitup.Thereisafactthatsomepeoplearedifferentfrombeforeaftertheenvironmentsarechanged.Itisobviousthatthesepeopleareinfluencedbytheothersandareeasytofollowtheothers’principlesandforgettheirown.Emersongavethereadersaverytypicalexample:“Infancyconformstonobody,allconformstoit,sothatonebabymonlymakesfourorfivesoutofadultswhopattleandplaytoit”.(Emerson,p8,xx)Itshowsthatifamanoftenkeepshisownpersonality,heisabletomaketheenvironmentdifferent.Theman’sinnerpowerislimitless;heisabletochangethewholeworldifhestandsonhisownfeetforever.Emersonalwayslivedinhisownworldandnevermixedwiththemanwhomhedidnotbelongto.Hesaid;“Iwillnothidemytastesoraversions,Iwillsotrustthatwhatisdeepisholy,thatIwilldostronglybeforethesunandmoonwhateverinlyrejoicesme,andtheheartappoints,ifyouarenoble,Iwillloveyou,ifyouarenot,Iwillnothurtyouandmyselfbyhypocriticalattentions”.(Emerson,P32,xx)Thesepointsofviewareeasytobeunderstood.Thecorepointisthatamanshouldinsistthathisideabethebestone.Asamateroffact,itistheman’sfaith,nottheenvironmentthatinfluencespeople’slives.Asuessfulmanistheonewhodeeplytrustshisinnerpower.Heisneverinfluencedbytheenvironment.D.ShowingnoSympathytothePoorInSelf-reliance,Emersonfundamentallyshowedtheideaofconfidenceandindependence.Besidestheseideas,heillustratedtheideaof“ShowingnosympathytothePoor”.Thispointofviewagreeswiththeconfidenceandindependence.Emersonindirectlyshowedthereasonwhythemanispoorandwhynosympathyshouldbeshowedtothepoor.FromSelf-Reliance,Emersonneversympathizedwiththepersonwhohadnorelationwithhim.Hejustdidwhatheshoulddo.Hesaid:“ExpectmenottoshowcauseswhyIseekorwhyIexcludepany.Thenagain,donottellme,asagoodmandidtoday,ofmyobligationtoputallpoormeningoodsituations.Aretheymypoor?Itellyour,yourfoolishphilanthropist,thatIgrudgethedollar,thedime,thecent.IgivetosuchmenasdonotbelongtomeandwhomIdonotbelong.”(Emerson,P12,xx)Thispointofviewshowsthatifthesepoorpeopleareself-supported,theirlivingconditionswouldbebetter.Helpingthiskindofpeopleistodoharmtothemandmakethemmoreandmorepoor.Thereisapopularsaying:“Ifone’spocketisempty,butideaisfull,that’stemporary;onthecontrary,ifone’spocketiffull,butideaisempty,that’salsotemporary”.Atmosttime,thepoorarelackofindependentconducts,optimisticattitudes,andadventurousspirits.Theyhavenoinnovativeabilities,becausetheyneverthinkthattheyshouldchallengelifeandmakeprogress.Therefore,inmanyaspects,thepoorarelaggedbehindofthesociety.FromEmerson’sopinion,hedefinitelyrejectedtohelpthiskindofpeople.However,sometimesthesituationisdifferent,justasEmersonsaid“ThereisaclassofpersonstowhombyallspiritualaffinityIamboughtandsold,forthemIwillgotoprison.”(Emerson,P12,xx).Thiskindofpeopleisthepoorinpocket,buttheyarefullofideasinmind.Theyhavethequalityofconfidence,ofindependence,butonlylackofmaterials.Emersonbelievedthattheirconditionswouldbequicklyimprovedthroughaperiodoftime.Thepoorconditionisnotterrible,butthepoormindisaveryseriousproblem.Themanshouldneverhelpthepoorwithmoney,butgivethematooltoproducewealthbythemselves,orteachthemtobeindependentandchallengeable.Emerson’sopinionstowardsthepoorhavegiventhereadersameaningfulenlightenment.Self-Reliancegivesreadersmuchhelpincopingwiththeirlives.Itexertsenlightenmentonreaderstobeconfidentandindependent.Itteachesmantotakeadvancingattitudestowardslife.Besides,theseideasenlightenfemale’slife.Itisalsoofgreathelpforindividuals’progressandacountry’sdevelopment.A.AttitudestowardsLifeSelf-Relianceprofoundlyinspiresamantostrengthenhisself-confidence.Ayoungmansaidinaforum:“Iftheyareafraidofother’sdifferentsuggestionandgiveuptheirownthinking,thenthat’slosingthemselves.Nomatterwhattheydo,theyshouldkeepdefinitepointofviewandindependentthinking”.(Smear,P49,xx).Hefurtherexplainedthateveryone’sideaisdifferent,noonecanmaketheothers’thesamewithhehimself,sojustthinkabouttheobjectionbutneglecttheirrelevantdiscussion.Whenthemanfinisheshisaim,allvoiceshavestoppedwithit.Eachmanshouldhavehisvirtueintackingwithallproblems.Theattitudestowardslifehavetwochoices.Oneistodieandtheotheristolive.Emerson’sSelf-Relianceteachesthereaderstofollowtheirownthoughtsandtakeoptimisticattitudestowardslife.Everythinghastwosides,themostimportantisthatwhichsidethemanchooses.Amanshouldbeconfidenteveryday,andtheneachdayisbeautifulandwithoutworry.Emersonshowedinhisworksthateachmanshouldbeindependenttocopewithhisproblems,butnotalwaysseekforassistance.Themancanlearnfromtheotherpeople,butheshouldmakedecisionsbyhimself.Eachsuessfulmanhashisownpersonalitysothatheiseasytoachievehisdreams.Onceapersoncatchesthefundamentalideaofself-independenceandself-confidence,hecantellwhichisrightorwrongnomatterhowplicatedtheinterpersonalrelationis.Thenheislikelytorejecttoparrot.B.TheFemale’sSelf-RelianceItisknownthatmanandwomanarebornofinequalityinhumanhistory.Nomatterhowsuessfulthewomen’sliberationis,thisbiaswillforeveroupypeople’sminds.Withthedevelopmentofsociety,somefemalepeoplewithspiritsofself-supportfiercelyobjectthisthought.Womenhavetheirownforteinmosttimewhilethemendon’thave.Itisaeptedthatwomen’ssocialstatusishighlyimproved.Aordingtotheinvestigation,thefemaleofficersormanagersarehighlyincreasedandaountalargeproportionamongthetotal.Besidesthis,mostwomenaeptmoreadvancededucationthanthemale.However,theprejudiceoriginatedfromthehistoryseemsnevertodisappearfrompeople’sminds.Somewomenarestillsufferingfromtheprejudiceinsuchadevelopedsociety.Inmodernsociety,thewomenpossesssomanysocialprotocols.Forinstance,thereisapopularsayingthat“LadiesFirst”,andthenationallawalsosafeguardsthefemale’srightsandinterests.Someonethinksthemeaningimpliedinthisphenomenonisthatthesocietytakeswomenastheweak,forthepeoplewhoneedprotectionaretosomeextentweakerthanthosewhocandealwithproblemsbythemselves.However,althoughasmallpartofgirlscan’tliveontheirown,mostwomenareawareofthecrisis,andmostofthemcandealwiththeirlivespletelyandindependently.OnEmerson’sviews,whetheramanorwomanis,he/sheshoulddependonthemselvesexceptthegeneralassistancefromeachother.Asanimportantpartinhumanbeing,womenshouldhavetheirownunderstanding,theirowncareersandworlds.Somegirlswhoseekfortuneorreliancefrommenareseverelylookeddownuponbysociety.Thosewomenseemtoleadaperfectlife,buttheirinnerheartsaretoovoid.Theyacknowledgethattheyarecorruptedandforsakenbysociety.Whereas,theyarereluctanttoescapefromthiscorruptedlivingcircleoncetheyabandonthemselvestoit.Moreover,theyoftensearchprotection,responsibilityfrommen.Butmostwomenareadvancinginmind.Itseemsthatwomentakemoreandmoresignificantrolesinafamily,eveninthesociety.Mostwomenoftensupportfortheirfamilieswhichtestifiestheirhighability.FromEmerson’sideasinSelf-Reliance,allwomenshouldowntheself-relianceofidea,ofeconomy,andofability.Headvocatedthewomentostriveforthesocialstatusandmakecontributionstothesociety.C.TheInfluenceonIndividualsTobeaself-independentpersoncanabsolutelychangeone’shumblelifeeveninthebackwardsociety.Generally,thepoorpeopleareincliningtobeself-reliantforcoercionoflife.Itiswellknownthattherichestman,LiJiacheng,isthebusinesstycooninHongKong.Itisanevidentexamplethatthepoormanisambitiousandself-improvingsothathecanbeeanunmonpersoninlatertime.AnotherfamouspersonistheheadofboardofMengNiuenterprise,NiuGengsheng.Hewassoldoutfor50Yuanwhenhewasininfancynotbecausehisparentsabandonedhimbutbecausetheycouldn’traisehim.Insuchkindoflivingcondition,hestudiedandworkedhardtobeasuessfulman.Allmenareintelligentandbrave,butnotallmencanmakesuess.Somepeopleoftenplainaboutdestiny.Thewisethinkthatsuessoriginatesfromone’sspirit.Thegeniusisonlybutmonpeoplewithknowledgeandvirtue.HelenKeller,theeverlastingprideofhumanbeing,wasdeprivedofbothsightandhearingaftertheterribleillnessinthe19thmonthaftershewasborn.However,shewasnotdefeatedbydisastrouslifewhichhappenedtoherinheryoungage.Noonecanimaginehowadumbanddeafgirltransformedherlifethoroughlybyherpersistenthardworkandperseveringspirit,yetHelenKellerdidit.Heradversityandgreatachievementsstimulatesthemonpeopletoworkhardandtobeself-supported.Helen’sremarkablesuesswaspartlyduetotheassistance,MissSullivanwhoaompaniedherinthewholelife,butlargelyduetoherownpersistentanddauntlessfaith.Shelearnedseverallanguagesinherlifeandcreatedmiraclesonebyone.TheverydifficultieswhichcannotbedonebymonpeoplewerebrokenthroughbyHelenKeller.Hernamewassetasasymbolizationofpersistentwill.Asthetremendousspiritualpower,herlegendarylifedeeplyencouragesthepeopletoconquerthemisfortune.MarkTwainsaid:“HelenKellerwasthefocusofAmericain19thcentury”.Theseexamplesprovethatindependenceandself-supportcanchangeone’slifethoroughly.ThevaluableideaswhichEmersonshowedinSelf-Relianceareagreathelpforindividuals’development.Theseideasmakeeachonetobeconfidentandindependent.Manypeople’ssuessisfundamentallyduetothesetwoqualities.D.TheInfluenceonCountriesAsthestrongestcountryintheworld,Americahasitsownindividualities.Thiscountryonlyenjoysahistoryof200years.InparisonwiththeotherEuropeancountries,itisfullofinnovationandhasitsownpersonality.Thetechnology,weapons,prehensivestrengtharealwaysinthefirstplace.TheAmericasarerealistic.MoneyisvitalintheirmindssothatallAmericansareuptotheirearsforwork.Moneycanbeusedforfame,socialstatus,evenpresidencyinthiscountry.