2025屆新教材高考英語全程一輪復習課時作業(yè)21Unit12Innovation北師大版選擇性必修第四冊

UNIT12INNOVATIONⅠ.閱讀理解A[2024·泉州市高三質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(一)]Peopletodayarenotunfamiliarwithtermssuchas“goingeco-friendly”and“sustainablelifestyle”.However,thereexistsagroupofsceptics(懷疑論者)whobelievethatgoingeco-friendlyismerelyafad(一時的風尚).Idisagreewiththisviewpoint.Goingeco-friendlyisnotmerelyafadanditdoes,infact,changethebeliefsandattitudesofpeople.Thelong-termpresenceofenvironmentalorganisationsshowstheeffortsthatpeoplehavemadetowardsgoingeco-friendly.OrganisationssuchasWorldWildlifeFundadvocatepeopletogoeco-friendly.Thehighinvolvementoftheorganisationsandtheparticipantsisthusastrongindicatorthatgoingeco-friendlyisnotmerelyafadbutatrendthatcanlastdecades.Anotherstrongindicatoristheemergenceofsustainableproductsinmanyindustries,suchasorganicproduceandelectricvehicles.Theconsumerdemand,coupledwitheco-conscious(環(huán)保意識的)businesses,isbehindthesharpincreaseinsuchproducts.Thisshowsashiftinthebeliefsandattitudesofpeopletowardsadoptingasustainablelifestyle.Thus,itseemsquitecertainthatgoingeco-friendlyisnotmerelyafad.Whilesomepeoplewhobroadcasttheireco-friendlypracticesarecriticisedforjusthopingtoprojectaneco-consciousimage,thereareanumberofcelebritieswhohavebeenpractisingthezero-wastelifestyleforyears.Forthosewhodosoforyears,andnotmeredaysormonths,itisindeedacommitmentthatcanonlycomewithatruechangeinbeliefsandattitudestowardscaringfortheearth.Thecalltosavetheearthlookssettostay.Withthedevelopmentoftechnologyandtheappearanceofmanyplatformsadvocatinggoinggreen,peoplearemorewillingtochangetheirbeliefsandattitudeswhentheycanlearnaboutandappreciatethepositiveimpactoftheworkofdifferentenvironmentalorganisationsandindividuals.Itishopedthattheseeffortswillgoalongwayinensuringthatourplanetwillremainasuitableplacetolivein.1．WhydoestheauthormentionWorldWildlifeFund?A．Toappreciateitsenvironmentalefforts.B．Toencouragepeopletogoeco-friendly.C．Toevidencetheuniversalrecognitionofgoinggreen.D.Tohighlightthedifficultyinchangingpeople'sattitudes.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“emergence”meaninParagraph3?A．Suddendisappearance.B．Sharpincrease.C．Gradualdevelopment.D．Limitedapplication.3．Whatdoestheauthorexpectoftechnologydevelopment?A.Itmaydiscouragepeoplefromsustainablelifestyle.B.Itmayboostthebusinessoforganicproduce.C．Itwillbeusedtoprojectalleco-consciousimage.D．Itwillpromoteenvironmentalawareness.4．Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthistext?A．Toprovegoingeco-friendlyisalastingtrend.B．Topopularizetheeco-friendlyproducts.C．Toofferstrategiestogoeco-friendly.D．Toadvertiseforeco-friendlyplatforms.B[2024·南昌市高三摸底測試卷]Whenyouwalkonasandybeach,ittakesmoreenergythanwalkingdownasidewalk—becausetheweightofyourbodypushesintothesand.Itturnsoutthatthesamethingistrueforvehiclesdrivingonroads.“Theweightofthevehiclescreatesaveryshallowindentation(凹痕)inthepavement—likeit'scontinuouslydrivingupaveryshallowhill，”saidJeremyGregory,ascientistatMIT.Hemodeledwithhisteammateshowmuchenergycouldbesavedandhowmuchgreenhousegasescouldbeavoidedbysimplyhardeningthenation'sroadsandhighways.Andtheyfoundthathardening10percentofthenation'sroadseveryyearcouldpreventtheemission(排放)equalto440megatonsofcarbondioxideoverthenext5decades—thatamountisequaltohowmuchCO2you'dsparetheplanetbykeepingabillionbarrelsofoilinthegroundorbygrowing7billiontreesforadecade.Itreduces0.5%ofprojectedtransportationemissionsoverthattimeperiod.Asforhowtohardenroads,Gregorysaysyoucouldcombinesmallamountsofcertainfibrewithhightechnologyintopavingmaterials.Oryoucouldpavetheroadswithspecially-madeconcrete,whichisharderthanordinaryconstructionmaterials.Thissystemcouldalsobeawaytoshavecarbonemissionswithoutsomeoftheusualbarriers.“Usually,whenitcomestoreducingemissionsinthetransportationsector,you'retalkingaboutchangingpoliciesrelatedtovehiclesandalsodriverbehavior,whichinvolves(牽涉)millionsandmillionsofpeople—asopposedtochangingthewaywedesignandpreserveourpavements.That'sjustontheorderofthousandsofpeoplewhoareworkingintransportationagencies.”Andwhenitcomestoimprovingourstreetsandhighways—thoseagenciesarewhereyoumightsaytherubbermeetstheroad.5．HowdoestheauthordevelopParagraph3?A．Bygivingexamples.B．Bymakingclassification.C．Bylistingfigures.D．Byanalyzingcauses.6．WhatdoesGregorysuggestforhardeningroads?A．Mixingfibrewithspecialconcrete.B．Changingregularpavingmaterials.C．Creatinghi-techcomputermodels.D．Usingordinarybuildingmaterials.7．Whatisanadvantageoftheroad-hardeningsystem?A．Itreducesconstructioncosts.B．Itprofitstransportationagencies.C．Itregulatesdriverbehavior.D．Itavoidsinvolvingtoomanypeople.8．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．WalkingDownBeachesorSidewalksB．HardeningRoadsHelpsSaveEnergyC．HowtoCutDownCarbonEmissionsD．ASystemofHardeningRoadsⅡ.完形填空[2024·廣東七校第一次聯(lián)考試卷]WhenlivinginLosAngeles,IwalkedmydogeverySundaymorningaroundalakenearmyhouse.Weekafterweek,Isawthesameelderlywomansittingattheedgeofthe__1__withasmallmetalcagenexttoher.My__2__finallygotthebestofmeandI__3__thewomanoneday.Inoticedthatitwas__4__asmalltrapandthatshehadthreesmallturtlesinit.Inherlap,therewasafourthturtlethatshewascarefully__5__downwithasponge.Igreetedherandaskedwhatshedidwiththeseturtleseveryweek.Smiling,sheexplainedthatshewascleaningtheirshellsbecauseanyseaweedthat__6__onaturtle'sshellreducesits__7__toabsorbheatandslowsdowntheirswimming.Iwas__8__asthewomancontinued，“IdothiseverySundaymorning,orlife-threatening__9__mightappear.”“Butdon'tmostturtleslivetheir__10__liveswithseaweedontheirshells？”Iasked.Thewomanagreedthatwasthe__11__.Ireplied，“Wellthen,youare__12__todothis,butmostturtlesdon'thavepeoplearoundtohelpthemwiththis.”Thewomanlaughedasshelooked__13__downatthesmallturtle.“Youngman,totheworldImaybeoneperson,buttothislittleturtleIamtheworld.”Indeed,thoughyoumaynotbeabletochangetheworldor__14__everyone,youcanstillmakeabig__15__inoneperson'slife.Neverchoosenottodoanythingjustbecauseyoucan'tdoeverything.1．A.fieldB．courtC．waterD．cliff2．A.pityB．a(chǎn)nxietyC．curiosityD．responsibility3．A.inspiredB．a(chǎn)ssistedC．contactedD．a(chǎn)pproached4．A.naturallyB．normallyC．originallyD．a(chǎn)ctually5．A.wipingB．turningC．breakingD．pressing6．A.buildsupB．bringsupC．setsoutD．handsout7．A.riskB．costC．burdenD．a(chǎn)bility8．A.relievedB．impressedC．embarrassedD．disappointed9．A.typesB．placesC．conditionsD．movements10．A.earlyB．entireC．energeticD．extraordinary11．A.magicB．realityC．purposeD．experience12．A.policeB．clumsyC．considerateD．ridiculous13．A.gentlyB．proudlyC．nervouslyD．strangely14．A.knowB．loveC．ownD．help15．A.dealB．differenceC．fortuneD．decisionⅢ.應用文寫作[2024·濟南市學情診斷考試]假定你是李華，上周日你校組織學生進行了“垃圾分類”宣講活動，請給學校英文網(wǎng)站寫一篇報道，內(nèi)容包括：1．參與人員；2．活動內(nèi)容；3．活動反響。留意：詞數(shù)應為80左右。Garbageclassificationstartsfromourselves________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________課時作業(yè)(二十一)Ⅰ.閱讀理解A語篇類型：爭論文主題語境：人與自然——環(huán)境愛護——環(huán)保將是一種趨勢【語篇解讀】環(huán)保不僅僅是一時的風尚，事實上，它正變更人們的觀念，因而將是一個許久的趨勢。環(huán)保組織的長期存在、可持續(xù)性產(chǎn)品的出現(xiàn)、消費者對可持續(xù)性產(chǎn)品的需求、具有環(huán)保意識的企業(yè)增多和名人的長期踐行，這些足以證明人們對環(huán)保的觀點和看法的變更。1．答案與解析：C考查理解目的的實力。依據(jù)其次段首句可知，環(huán)保組織的長期存在表明白人們?yōu)榄h(huán)保所做的努力，接著舉例說明世界自然基金會提倡人們環(huán)保。由此可知，作者提到世界自然基金會是為了舉例證明推行環(huán)保得到了普遍認可。故C項正確。2．答案與解析：B考查理解詞匯的實力。依據(jù)語境可知，第三段其次句中的suchproducts是指畫線詞后的sustainableproducts。由此可推知，畫線詞與“sharpincrease”意思相近。故B項正確。3．答案與解析：D考查理解詳細信息的實力。題干問作者對科技發(fā)展抱有什么期盼。依據(jù)最終一段中的“隨著科技發(fā)展和很多提倡綠色環(huán)保平臺的出現(xiàn)，人們在了解和觀賞不同的環(huán)保組織和個人的工作所產(chǎn)生的主動影響時，更情愿變更自己的信仰和看法”可知，作者期望科技發(fā)展會提高環(huán)保意識。故D項正確。4．答案與解析：A考查理解目的的實力。綜合全文，尤其是其次段尾句和第三段尾句可知，作者寫此文的目的是為了證明提倡綠色環(huán)保不僅僅是一時的風尚，而是一種許久的趨勢。故A項正確。B語篇類型：說明文主題語境：人與社會——探討發(fā)覺——硬化路面可削減溫室氣體排放【語篇解讀】本文主要介紹了麻省理工學院的科學家JeremyGregory和他的團隊利用“在不夠堅硬的路面上行駛會消耗更多的能量”這一規(guī)律，發(fā)覺通過簡潔地硬化路面就可以削減溫室氣體的排放。5．答案與解析：C考查推斷的實力。通過第三段中所列舉的一些數(shù)字可知，本段是采納列數(shù)字的寫作手法綻開的。故C項正確。6．答案與解析：B考查理解詳細信息的實力。依據(jù)第四段中的“youcouldpave...ordinaryconstructionmaterials”可知，他建議用比一般的建筑材料更硬的特制的混凝土鋪路，即變更一般的鋪路材料。故B項正確。[干擾項分析]本題考生易錯選A項?？忌罁?jù)第四段中的“combinesmallamounts...ordinaryconstructionmaterials”會認為他建議把纖維和特制的混凝土結合。但是，原文中有個Or，即他提出了兩種鋪路方法：一種是纖維和高科技結合；一種是用更硬的特制的混凝土。而不是把兩者結合。7．答案與解析：D考查推斷的實力。依據(jù)最終一段中的“Usually,whenitcomesto...preserveourpavements.”可知，當人們談到削減尾氣排放時，其實是在談論變更與交通工具相關的政策和司機行為，這牽涉很多人；而變更道路的設計和維護卻恰恰相反，即硬化道路這一方法不會牽涉太多人。故D項正確。8．答案與解析：B考查理解文章主旨要義的實力。本文主要講解并描述科學家發(fā)覺了“在不夠堅硬的路面上行駛會消耗更多的能量”這一規(guī)律，并通過模擬實踐證明硬化路面可以節(jié)約能量，削減溫室氣體的排放。故B項正確。Ⅱ.完形填空語篇類型：夾敘夾議文主題語境：人與自然——關愛動物——幫海龜刷去殼上的海草【語篇解讀】作者每周日早上去湖邊遛狗的時候都會看到一位老太太，她身邊還放了一個小金屬籠，作者耐不住新奇心，確定一探原委。原來老太太每天都在湖邊用海綿幫海龜刷去身上的海草，以便海龜能夠很好地汲取熱量和正常游泳。盡管我們無法變更世界或幫到每一個人，但是我們小小的善舉仍能給世界和他人帶去很大的影響。考點分布：名詞6個，動詞(短語)4個，形容詞3個，副詞2個。1．答案與解析：C考查語境推斷。依據(jù)上文中的“Iwalked...aroundalake”可知，作者每天在湖邊都能看到一位老太太。2．答案與解析：C考查語境推斷。依據(jù)語境可知，由于耐不住新奇心，作者最終走近那位老太太去一探原委。getthebestof“獲勝；賽過；占上風”。3．答案與解析：D考查語境推斷。參見上題解析。4．答案與解析：D考查語境推斷。依據(jù)語境可知，作者走近一看發(fā)覺金屬籠子事實上是一個捕獲器。5．答案與解析：A考查語境推斷。依據(jù)下文中的“shewascleaningtheirshells”可知，老太太正在拿海綿擦拭龜殼。6．答案與解析：A考查邏輯推斷。依據(jù)語境“seaweedthat__6__onaturtle'sshell”和常識可知，海草會積累在海龜殼上。buildup“增多”；bringup“哺育”；setout“動身”；handout“分發(fā)”。7．答案與解析：D考查語境和常識推斷。依據(jù)語境和常識可知，龜殼上沾滿海草會影響海龜汲