新教材適用2024-2025學(xué)年高中英語Unit5LaunchingYourCareerSectionⅣ單元寫作夯基提能作業(yè)新人教版選擇性必修第四冊

UNIT5SectionⅣⅠ.閱讀理解(2024·吉林省試驗中學(xué)高二期末)JohnvonNeumannwastheoldestof3childrenofabanker,andhisspeedoflearningnewideasandofsolvingproblemsstoodoutearly.At17,hisfathertriedtopersuadehimnottobecomeamathematicianbecausehemayleadapoorlifebeingamathematician,andsovonNeumannagreedtostudychemistryaswell.In1926,at23,hereceivedadegreeinchemicalengineeringandaPh.D.inmathematics.Fromthenon,mathematicsprovidedwellenoughforhim,andheneverhadtoturntochemistry.In1930,vonNeumannvisitedPrincetonUniversityforayearandthenbecameaprofessorthere.Hisfirstbookwaspublishedin1932.In1933,theInstituteforAdvancedStudywasformed,andhebecameoneofthe6full-timepeopleintheSchoolofMathematics(Einsteinwasoneoftheothers)．WorldWarIIhugelychangedvonNeumann'sareasofinterest.Until1940hehadbeenagreatpure(純粹的)mathematician.Duringandafterthewar,hebecameoneofthebestmathematicianswhoputmathematicstheoriesintopractice.Duringthelastpartofthewarhebecameinterestedincomputingmachinesandmadeseveralfundamentalcontributions.AfterthewarvonNeumanncontinuedhisworkwithcomputers,andwasgenerallyveryactiveingovernmentservice.Hereceivedmanyawards,waspresidentoftheAmericanMathematicalSocietyandwasamemberoftheAtomicEnergyCommission.Hediedin1957ofcancer.VonNeumannmadeseveralgreatcontributionsandanyoneofthemwouldhavebeenenoughtoearnhimafirmplaceinhistory.Hewillberememberedasoneofthegreatestmindsofthe20thcentury.VonNeumannreallywasalegend(傳奇)inhisowntime,andthereareanumberofstoriesabouthim.Hisdrivingabilityisapartofthislegend.Hereportedoneaccidentthisway:“Iwasdrivingdowntheroad.Thetreesontherightwerepassingmeinanorderlyfashionat60milesperhour.Suddenlyoneofthemsteppedinmypath.”語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。本文主要介紹了宏大的數(shù)學(xué)家JohnvonNeumann(約翰·馮·諾依曼)的生平事跡。1.Accordingtothetext,vonNeumann'sfatherbelievedthatA.A．a(chǎn)mathematiciancouldn'tearnalotofmoneyB．a(chǎn)mathematicianneededagoodmemoryC．vonNeumannhadtheabilitytolearntwosubjectsatthesametimeD．vonNeumannhadagiftforsolvingproblemsatahighspeed解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段“At17,hisfathertriedtopersuadehimnottobecomeamathematicianbecausehemayleadapoorlifebeingamathematician，(17歲的時候，他的父親試圖勸服他不要成為一名數(shù)學(xué)家，因為作為一名數(shù)學(xué)家，他可能過著貧困的生活，)”可知，他父親認(rèn)為成為數(shù)學(xué)家賺不了許多錢。故選A。2.VonNeumannpublishedhisfirstbookattheageofC.A．23 B．26C．29 D．32解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段“In1926,at23,hereceivedadegreeinchemicalengineeringandaPh.D.inmathematics.(1926年，23歲，獲得化學(xué)工程學(xué)位和數(shù)學(xué)博士學(xué)位。)”可知，他誕生于1903年，結(jié)合其次段“Hisfirstbookwaspublishedin1932.(他的第一本書在1932年出版。)”可計算他當(dāng)時的年齡是29歲。故選C。3.HowdidWorldWarⅡaffectJohnvonNeumann?BA．Herealizedtheimportanceofengineering.B．Hebegantoresearchhowtoputmathematicsintopractice.C．Heleftcollegeandservedatthegovernmentdepartment.D．Helostinterestinchemistry.解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段“Duringandafterthewar,hebecameoneofthebestmathematicianswhoputmathematicstheoriesintopractice.(在斗爭期間和戰(zhàn)后，他成為將數(shù)學(xué)理論付諸實(shí)踐的最好的數(shù)學(xué)家之一。)”可知，他在斗爭期間把數(shù)學(xué)理論應(yīng)用于實(shí)踐。故選B。4.Fromthelastparagraph,wecaninferJohnvonNeumannwasD.A．calm B．braveC．intelligent D．humorous解析：推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段“Hereportedoneaccidentthisway：‘Iwasdrivingdowntheroad.Thetreesontherightwerepassingmeinanorderlyfashionat60milesperhour.Suddenlyoneofthemsteppedinmypath.’(他以這種方式報告了一起事故：‘我開車沿著這條路。右邊的樹木以每小時60英里的速度有秩序地從我身邊經(jīng)過。突然他們中的一個攔住了我的路?！?”他對事故詼諧地描述可知他特別幽默。故選D。Ⅱ.七選五依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。(2024·浙江省嘉興市高三教學(xué)測試)Hilde'sfatherwasareporter.Heoftentookhertoworkwithhim,andshedevelopedastronginterestinnewsstoriesandreporting.1.DShedidthewriting,hersisterIzzytookpictures,andherfatherhelpedherorganizeandprintthenewspaper.Hildewantedtocoverbigstoriesinhertown.Followingtherulesherfatherhadtaughther,sheresearchedandreportedstoriesinhermonthlynewspaper.Thenewspapersuddenlybecamefamouswhenamurderhappenedinthetown,andHildewasthefirstpersontoreportit.Soon,newsorganizationsaroundthecountryweredoingstoriesonHilde.2.FSomepeoplecriticizedherparentsforallowinghertoreportonsomethingasunpleasantasamurder.OtherscriticizedHildefor“pretendingtobeareporter”．Somepeopleevensuggestedsheshouldbeplayingwithdolls.3.BSherespondedwithaYouTubevideo.“IneverbeganmynewspapersothatpeoplewouldthinkIwascute，”shesaid.“Iwanttobetakenseriously.”Thatwasn'tthelasttimeHildehadtroublegettingpeopletotakeherseriously.Sometimes,itwasbecauseofherage.Othertimes,itwasbecauseshewasagirl.4.AHildecontinuedreportingandheractivitiesasareporterhavemadeherfamous.NowHildehaspublishedabooktellingherownstoryandthechallengesshehasfaced.SomeofthosechallengescamefromHildeherself,strugglingtofigureoutwhoshewasasshegrewolder.5.CButsheisstilljust15,andhasplentyoftimetodecidewhatshewantstodowithherlife.Hereffortshavealreadyinspiredpeoplearoundtheworld.A．Butsheneverletthatstopher.B．Hildewasupsetbythecomplaints.C．Fornow,Hildesaysshehasgivenupreporting.D．Whenshewas8,Hildestartedherownnewspaper.E．Hergreatsuccessinreportinghaschangedherlife.F．NoteveryonewashappyaboutHilde'sefforts,though.G．Shewasclearlyinadilemmaabouthowtosolvethecrisis.語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。講解并描述了8歲的女孩Hilde創(chuàng)辦自己的報紙遇到的種種非議，贊揚(yáng)了Hilde不怕挑戰(zhàn)，迎難而上的品質(zhì)。解析：1．上文說明白Hilde起先對報紙行業(yè)產(chǎn)生愛好，結(jié)合下文可知，Hilde起先自己制作報紙，D選項(當(dāng)她八歲時，Hilde開辦了自己的報紙。)連接上下文恰當(dāng)。且選項中newspaper與后一句詞匯重復(fù)。故選D。2．依據(jù)上文可知Hilde有了名聲，下文(有些人指責(zé)她的父母允許她報道一些像謀殺這樣令人不快的事情。)可知，并不是全部人都觀賞Hilde的報道行為，F(xiàn)選項(但是，并不是每個人都觀賞Hilde做出的努力。)與上文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折，開啟下文。故選F。3．上文描述了人們對Hilde各種各樣的指責(zé)，B選項(Hilde對這些埋怨感到擔(dān)憂。)承接上文，指出Hilde對此做出的反應(yīng)，且選項中“complaints”照應(yīng)上文提到的各種指責(zé)。故選B。4．上文說明白人們指責(zé)Hilde的其他緣由，結(jié)合下文“Hildecontinuedreportingandheractivitiesasareporterhavemadeherfamous.”可知，Hilde并沒有因為指責(zé)而停止報道。A選項(但她從未因此而停止。)承上啟下。故選A。5．下文“Butsheisstilljust15,andhasplentyoftimetodecidewhatshewantstodowithherlife.”(但是她才15歲，有大量的時間去確定她想從事的工作。)可知，前句與其構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折，C選項(現(xiàn)在，Hilde說她已經(jīng)不再報道新聞了。)符合句意。故選C。Ⅲ.完形填空(2024·遼寧省鞍山市一模)MysisterBlytheisoneofthehighestachieversI'veeverknown.Growingup,shewas1.Ainabsolutelyeverything.Sheremainsthemostgifted2.CI'veevermet.She'sreceivedmanyprizesinsportscompetitions2007was3.Bforourfamily.WelostourbrotherinJulytocancer.Afteroverayear,Ihadnochoicebuttoputone4.Dinfrontoftheother.Ithappenedonlybecausethesuncontinuedtorisedayafterday.Atthesametime,Blythe5.Dandcommittedherselftoeffortsthatdemandedher6.Bbest,includingafourthplacefinishinherfinalOlympics.Wewatchednervously.Fourthcanbea7.Cplacetogetinahighlycompetitivecompetitionlikethis.Wereleasedacollectivesighof8.Bandcheeredwhenwesawherhugesmile.Shehassince9.Agracefullyfromthesport.Needlesstosay,shecontinuesto10.Dherself,winningcookingcompetitionsanddoingwellinflagfootball.Meanwhile,I'malwaysathomeinher11.Bwhenevernecessary.IhavewatchedBlythewith12.Candinwondersincemyearliestmemories—I13.Adonow.Ihaveworriedabouteveryrisk,wishingIcouldprotectherfromeveryhurt,andsmiledhappilywith14.Bateveryreward.KnowingthattheverypersonIhavewatchedgrowupfromthebeginningistheonewhohaslivedthebestlifehelpsmebelievethatI15.D.語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了作者見證自己的妹妹Blythe一路成長為最杰出的運(yùn)動員的故事。1.A.brilliant B．a(chǎn)ctiveC．engaged D．a(chǎn)bsorbed解析：考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：從小到大，她在任何方面都很精彩。依據(jù)“Sheremainsthemostgifted2I'veevermet.She'sreceivedmanyprizesinsportscompetitions”可知，Blythe在運(yùn)動競賽上獲得了許多獎，說明她很優(yōu)秀，此處brilliant符合語境。A.brilliant勝利的，輝煌的，精彩的；B.active主動的；C.engaged已訂婚的，被占用的；D.absorbed極感愛好的，聚精會神的。故選A。2.A.expert B．studentC．a(chǎn)thlete D．performer解析：考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她仍舊是我見過的最有天賦的運(yùn)動員。依據(jù)后面“She'sreceivedmanyprizesinsportscompetitions.”可知，能在運(yùn)動競賽上拿各種獎，說明她是“運(yùn)動員”，athlete符合語境。A.expert專家；B.student學(xué)生；C.athlete運(yùn)動員；D.performer表演者。故選C。3.A.meaningful B．cruelC．significant D．frightening解析：考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：2007年對我們家來說是殘酷的。依據(jù)后面“WelostourbrotherinJulytocancer.”可知，失去了兄弟，說明這是殘酷的一年，cruel符合語境。A.meaningful有意義的；B.cruel殘酷的，殘忍的；C.significant重要的，有重要意義的；D.frightening可怕的，令人擔(dān)憂的。故選B。4.A.view B．pointC．hand D．foot解析：考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：一年多后，我別無選擇，只能接著向前走。putonefootinfrontoftheother為固定搭配，表示“向前走、穩(wěn)步推動”。A.view觀點(diǎn)，看法；B.point觀點(diǎn)，見解；C.hand手，幫助，援手；D.foot腳，底部，基礎(chǔ)。故選D。5.A.startedoff B．pulledtogetherC．heldon D．roseup解析：考查動詞短語辨析。句意：與此同時，布萊斯站了起來，全力以赴，要求她做到最好，包括在奧運(yùn)會決賽上獲得第四名。依據(jù)句意說明Blythe振作了起來，riseup符合語境。A.startedoff起先，動身；B.pulledtogether同心協(xié)力；C.heldon等一下，接著；D.roseup上升，起義，變得強(qiáng)大。故選D。6.A.constant B．a(chǎn)bsoluteC．extra D．initial解析：考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。依據(jù)句意可知，要求自己全力以赴，說明希望自己能做到最好，absolute符合語境。A.constant常常發(fā)生的，持續(xù)不斷的；B.absolute完全的，肯定的，十足的；C.extra額外的；D.initial起先的，最初的。故選B。7.A.desirable B．creativeC．tough D．pure解析：考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：在這樣一個高度競爭的競賽中，第四名是一個艱難的位置。依據(jù)句意可知，要在奧運(yùn)會決賽上獲得第四名是特別難的，tough符合語境。A.desirable令人憧憬的，值得擁有的；B.creative創(chuàng)建性的，有創(chuàng)建力的；C.tough堅韌的，嚴(yán)厲的，艱難的；D.pure純的，純真的。故選C。8.A.tiredness B．reliefC．a(chǎn)dmiration D．sympathy解析：考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：看到她絢麗的笑容時，我們都松了一口氣，歡呼起來。依據(jù)“Wereleasedacollectivesighof8andcheeredwhenwesawherhugesmile.”可知，看到她絢麗的笑容時，我們也松了一口氣，relief符合語境。A.tiredness疲憊，疲乏；B.relief寬慰，輕松，緩解；C.admiration敬佩，贊美，觀賞；D.sympathy憐憫心。故選B。9.A.retired B．benefitedC．separated D．suffered解析：考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：此后，她優(yōu)雅地退出了這項運(yùn)動。依據(jù)后文“winningcookingcompetitionsanddoingwellinflagfootball”，可知retire符合語境。A.retired退休，退役，退賽；B.benefited收益；C.separated分開，分別；D.suffered遭遇，經(jīng)驗。故選A。10.A.change B．fightC．win D．challenge解析：考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：不用說，她接著挑戰(zhàn)自己，贏得烹飪競賽，在奪旗橄欖球競賽中表現(xiàn)精彩。依據(jù)后文“winningcookingcompetitionsanddoingwellinflagfootball(贏得廚藝競賽、參與奪旗橄欖球競賽并表現(xiàn)精彩)”，說明Blythe是在接著挑戰(zhàn)自己。A.change變更，變更；B.fight與……作斗爭，打仗；C.win贏，獲勝；D.challenge挑戰(zhàn)。故選D。11.A.memory B．companyC．place D．opinion解析：考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：與此同時，只要有須要，我總是在家陪著她。inone'scompany意為“陪伴某人”，符合語境。A.memory記憶力，記性；Bpany公司，陪伴；C.place地方；D.opinion觀點(diǎn)。故選B。12.A.amazement B．curiosityC．a(chǎn)nxiety D．disbelief解析：考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：從我最早的記憶起先，我就帶著焦慮和新奇視察著布萊斯——現(xiàn)在我仍舊如此。依據(jù)“Ihaveworriedabouteveryrisk,wishingIcouldprotectherfromeveryhurt,andsmiledhappilywith14ateveryreward.”可知，看到Blythe冒險時擔(dān)憂，看到她獲獎時又快樂。說明作者總是帶有焦慮，anxiety符合語境。A.amazement驚詫，驚異；B.curiosity新奇；C.anxiety焦慮；D.disbelief懷疑，不信。故選C。13.A.still B．barelyC．a(chǎn)lready D．simply解析：考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。依據(jù)下一段第一句可知，作者現(xiàn)在也還是帶著焦慮和新奇視察著Blythe，still符合語境。A.still照舊，還是，仍舊；B.barely幾乎不，幾乎沒有；C.already已經(jīng)；D.simply僅僅，不過。故選A。14.A.envy B．prideC．dignity D．a(chǎn)mbition解析：考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：每一次冒險我都擔(dān)憂過，希望我能愛護(hù)她不受任何損害，每一次嘉獎我都傲慢地笑著。依據(jù)常理可知，看到Blythe冒險時，作者會擔(dān)憂，看到她獲獎時，則應(yīng)當(dāng)是“傲慢”。A.envy艷羨，嫉妒；B.pride傲慢，驕傲；C.dignity尊嚴(yán)，自尊；D.ambition理想，雄心。故選B。15.A.succeed B．shineC．mature D．matter解析：考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：知道自己從一起先就看著長大的人過著最好的生活，這讓我信任我很重要。依據(jù)常理可知，知道自己看著長大的人過著最好的生活，這會讓人很有成就感，覺得自己很重要，此處matter符合語境。A.succeed勝利，達(dá)成；B.shine發(fā)光，照射；C.mature成熟，長成；D.matter要緊，有關(guān)系。故選D。Ⅳ.語法填空閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。(2024·全國乙卷)Beijingisacitybridgingtheancientandthemodern.FromBuddhisttemplestomuseums,narrowhutong1.toroyalpalaces,itishometomorethan3,000yearsofglorioushistoryevendowntoitslayout,withthecitykeepingitscarefully2.built(build)systemofringroads.Butforallitsancientbuildings,Beijingisalsoaplace3.which/thatwelcomesthefast-paceddevelopmentofmodernlife,with21st-centuryarchitectural4.wonders(wonder)standingsidebysidewithhistoricalbuildingsofthepast.Itisadistinctvisualcontrast(反差)thatshouldn'twork,5.butsomehowthesetwoverydifferentworldsmakeagoodcombination.6.Havingvisited(visit)severaltimesoverthelast10years,I7.wasamazed(amaze)bytheco-existenceofoldandnew,andhowacitywasabletokeepsucharichheritage(遺產(chǎn))whileconstantlygrowing.Asaphotographer,Ihavespentthelasttwoyears8.recording(record)everythingIdiscovered.The9.remarkable(remark)developmentofthiscity,whichisconsciouslydesignedtoprotectthepastwhilesteppingintothemodernworld,10.means(mean)thereisalwayssomethingnewtodiscoverhere,andIcouldbephotographingBeijingforthenext50years.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了北京這座城市的古老建筑和現(xiàn)代化發(fā)展之間的獨(dú)特結(jié)合，同時探討了城市如何在不斷發(fā)展的同時愛護(hù)其豐富的遺產(chǎn)。作者作為一名攝影師，記錄了這座城市的變更，并表示將來還會接著拍攝北京的風(fēng)貌。解析：1．考查介詞。句意：從佛教寺廟到博物館，從狹窄的胡同到皇家宮殿，它擁有3000多年的輝煌歷史，甚至從它的布局來看，這座城市始終保持著細(xì)心建立的環(huán)城道路系統(tǒng)。依據(jù)上文的“FromBuddhisttemplestomuseums”可知，設(shè)空處和上文保持一樣，表示“從……到……”。故填to。2．考查非謂語動詞。句意同上。分析句子成分可知，此處為非謂語動詞作定語，表示“細(xì)心建立的……”，和被修飾詞“systemofringroads”之間為被動關(guān)系，用過去分詞。故填built。3．考查定語從句。句意：但是，除了古建筑，北京也是一個歡迎現(xiàn)代生活快節(jié)奏發(fā)展的地方，21世紀(jì)的建筑奇跡與過去的歷史建筑并存。分析句子成分可知，設(shè)空處為定語從句的關(guān)系代詞，先行詞為“aplace”，在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)主語，故用關(guān)系代詞which或that引導(dǎo)。故填which/that。4．考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意同上。分析句子成分可知，設(shè)空處為名詞形式；依據(jù)下文的“historicalbuildingsofthepast”可知，設(shè)空處該用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填wonders。5．考查連詞。句意：但不知何故，這兩個迥然不同的世界卻很好地結(jié)合在了一起?？涨啊癐tisadistinctvisualcontrast(反差)thatshouldn'twork”和空后“somehowthesetwoverydifferentworldsmakeagoodcombination”之間存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故填but。6．考查非謂語動詞。句意：在過去的10年里，我多次訪問北京，我驚異于這里的新舊共存，驚異于一個城市如何在不斷發(fā)展的同時保持如此豐富的文化遺產(chǎn)。分析句子成分可知，設(shè)空處為非謂語動詞作狀語，和主句主語“I”之間為主動關(guān)系；依據(jù)時間狀語“overthelast10years”可知，用完成時態(tài)，由此推斷，設(shè)空處用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式。置于句首，首字母大寫。故填Havingvisited。7．考查時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一樣。句意同上。分析句子成分可知，此處為謂語動詞，依據(jù)下文“howacitywasabletokeepsucharichheritage(遺產(chǎn))whileconstantlygrowing”可知，本句用一般過去時；主語I和動詞amaze之間為被動關(guān)系，故用被動語態(tài)。故填wasamazed。8．考查非謂語動詞。句意：作為一名攝影師，我花了兩年時間記錄我發(fā)覺的一切。spendtime(in)doingsth.意為“花費(fèi)時間做某事”。此處為非謂語動詞作賓語，用動名詞形式。故填recording。9．考查形容詞。句意：這個城市的顯著發(fā)展，是有意識地在愛護(hù)過去的同時步入現(xiàn)