（高考英語作文煉句）第3篇譯文老師筆記

PAGEPAGE11.人文教育可以豐富學(xué)生的生活,為他們提供看待社會運轉(zhuǎn)方式的不同視角.Liberalartseducation

(1.人文教育)can

enrichstudents'life

(2.豐富學(xué)生的生活)andprovidethemwith

differentperspectiveson

(3.對……不同的視角)theway

societyworks(4.社會運轉(zhuǎn)).

1-liberalarts是指大學(xué)里的文科,包括歷史、語言和文學(xué)等,與之相對應(yīng)的是sciences(理科).

liberalartsmainlyUS

pluralnoun

■collegeoruniversitysubjectssuchashistory,

languagesandliterature

(大學(xué)的)文科外刊例句：外刊例句：That’sanattitudethatmightseematoddswith

theUK’sincreasinglyexam-drivenhighereducation.Butasthesector’s

offeringsbecomemorediverse,itseemslikelythat

a

liberalartseducation

will

becomeanoptionforstudentsoutsidetheUS.(TheGuardian)Historianstryto

correctthisbias

bytellingus

aboutthemassesofordinaryRomans,butrarelydowehaveworkswrittenby

oraboutthesepeople.(TheGuardian)注意："人文教育”不能寫成literatureeducation或者culturaleducation,此外,liberaleducation是指"通識教育”,它與"人文教育”有所區(qū)別.

2-

enrich

somebody’slife是一個常見搭配,含義是"豐富某人的生活”

enrich[?n'r?t?]

verb

提高

transitive

toimprovethequalityofsomethingbyadding

somethingelse

使豐富,使富含;充實?Fertilizerhelpsto

enrich

thesoil.化肥可以提高土壤肥沃度.?Mylifewasgreatly

enriched

byknowingher.認識了她,讓我的生活變得非常充實.

外刊例句：

Then,in1948,sheencounteredthefirst

ofthreesignificantrelationshipswithmenthatwereto

enrichherlife,aswellasgiveheremotionalpain.(The

Guardian)

注意："豐富學(xué)生的生活”不能寫成richstudents’life或者fulfillstudents’life,rich是形容詞,不能當(dāng)動詞用,fulfill含義是"實現(xiàn),履行(夢想、希望等)”,沒有fulfill

students’life這樣的說法.

3-

perspective含義是"(思考問題的)角度,觀點,想法”,后面常跟介詞on

perspectiveUK

[p?'spek.t?v]

US

[p?'spek-]

noun

想法

countable

aparticularwayofconsideringsomething

(思考問題的)角度,觀點,想法?Hewrites

from

aMarxist

perspective.他從一個馬克思主義者的角度寫作.?Becauseofitsgeographicalposition,

Germany's

perspective

on

thesituationinEasternEurope

isratherdifferentfromBritain's.由于地理位置不同,德國對東歐局勢的看法與英國大相逕庭.

外刊例句：

TwonewbooksapproachBritishhistorybyoffering

differentperspectiveson

the

questionofbelongingandcontinuity.(TheGuardian)

注意：不要將perspective與prospect(可能性,機會)相混淆.

4-

work在這里的含義是"運轉(zhuǎn),運行;操作”

Ifamachineordeviceworks,itoperates,

especiallycorrectlyandwithoutfailure,andifyouworkit,youmakeit

operate

運轉(zhuǎn),運行;操作?Ourtelephoneisn't

working.我們的電話壞了.?Youneedateamofabouttwelvepeopleto

work

afurnacethissize.這樣大小的熔爐需要大約12個人來維持其運行.

外刊例句：

They’vetalked

aboutusingAItodistinguishbetweenconstructiveandunconstructive

comments;onepossibilityisthatbytweakingthecodeinthings,youcan

haveaseachangein

thewaysociety

works.(TheGuardian)

可供替換的表達：the

waysocietyfunctions

注意："社會運轉(zhuǎn)”不能寫成societyruns,因為當(dāng)run取"運轉(zhuǎn)”含義時是及物動詞,我們可以說Herunsacompany.但不能說Thecompanyruns.

Q：provide后接雙賓語是否要接with?

A：provide后接雙賓語需要接with,我們要說providesomebodywithsomething,而不能說providesomebodysomething,關(guān)于這一點可以查看朗文詞典provide這一詞條的說明.

Q：enrichstudents'life

：我用的life的復(fù)數(shù)形式,這里不太清楚為什么使用單數(shù)形式.經(jīng)查詢,以下情況作可數(shù)名詞：表示某種方式的生活、性命、一生、一輩子、生平、傳記等.

以下情況作不可數(shù)名詞：表示一般意義的生活”、泛指意義或抽象意義的生命、人生、生氣、活動等.這里為什么使用單數(shù)呢?

A：enrichstudents’life和enrichstudents’lives所代表的含義不同,enrich

students’life是將這些學(xué)生的生活當(dāng)成一個整體來看待,enrichstudents’lives

則是指不同學(xué)生不同的生活.這里使用enrichstudents’life會更加恰當(dāng).關(guān)于life與lives的區(qū)別可以參考這個帖子https：///questions/77176/when-to-use-lives-as-a-plural-of-life

2.大學(xué)生以其忙碌的日常安排而出名.除了完成作業(yè)以及應(yīng)對考試之外,他們還要兼顧課外活動以及兼職工作.Universitystudentshave

notoriously

(1.以……而出名)busyschedules(2.忙碌的日常安排).

Inadditionto

(3.除了)workingonassignmentsandpreparingforexams,theyalsohaveto

juggle

(4.兼顧)extracurricularactivitiesandpart-timejobs.

1-notorious一般用于形容某事臭名昭著,它的副詞形式notoriously可以用于指某事物因為規(guī)模、難度等巨大而出名,此時它是一個中性詞.舉個例子,新概念英語3里面就有一個句子：Predictingthefutureis

notoriously

difficult.柯林斯詞典上還有更多例句：Thetraincompanyisoverstaffedandnotoriously

inefficient.鐵路公司冗員過多,工作效率出了名地低.

HeworkedmainlyinNewYorkCitywhere

livingspaceisnotoriouslyatapremium.他主要在紐約市工作,那兒的住房出了名地昂貴.

Doctorsnotoriouslyneglecttheirown

healthandfailtoseekhelpwhentheyshould.眾所周知,醫(yī)生不注意自身的健康,而且在應(yīng)該求助時也不這么做.

外刊例句：NewYear’sresolutionsare

notoriouslydifficult

tostickto,sowhydowestilltakeupnew

activitieseachyearonlytodropthemafteronlyafewweeks?(TheGuardian)可供替換的表達：berenownedfor/

befamousfor

2-

abusyschedule是指"繁忙的日常安排”,也可以說a

fullschedule,如果要進一步強調(diào)繁忙的程度,可以說

ahectic/tightschedule

scheduleUK

['?ed.ju：l]

US

['sked-]

noun

countable

alistofplannedactivitiesorthingstobedone

showingthetimesordateswhentheyareintendedtohappenorbedone

計劃表;日程表;進度表;時刻表?aproduction

schedule生產(chǎn)進度表?ahectic/tight(=verybusy)

schedule

忙亂的／緊張忙碌的排程?Everythingwent

accordingto

schedule

(=asplanned).一切按照排程進行.

外刊例句：

Widelyrecognisedasoneofthemost

innovativemusiciansworkingtoday,MsAlsophas

abusyschedule.

可供替換的表達：haveabusyagenda

3-

inadditionto的含義是"除了……之外還有”

in

addition(to)

*aswell(as)

?In

addition

tohisflatin

London,hehasavillainItalyandacastleinScotland.除了在倫敦擁有一層公寓外,他在義大利還有一座鄉(xiāng)間別墅,在蘇格蘭有一座城堡.

外刊例句：

In

additionto

itspolarisedCongress,Americahasa

polarisedSupremeCourt.(TheEconomist)

可供替換的表達還有：apartfrom/asidefrom

注意：這里不能使用besides

besidesoralso?

Warning：

choose

thecorrectadverb!

Use

besides

atthe

beginningofaclausetoaddafactorreasonthatisstrongerthanwhatyou

havealreadysaidI'mtootiredtogotothesupermarket.Besides,it's

closedonSunday.Tojustaddextrainformation,don'tsay'besides'say

in

addition

or

also：

?

IspeakFrenchfluently.Besides,Ispeak

someItalian.

IspeakFrench

fluently.Also,IspeaksomeItalian.

4-

juggle是一個很好用的詞,它本義是指"玩雜耍(連續(xù)向空中拋接多個物體)”,引申義是"同時兼顧多種活動”.juggle

transitive

informal

■tosucceedinarrangingyourlifesothatyouhave

timetoinvolveyourselfintwoormoredifferentactivitiesorgroupsof

people

盡力同時應(yīng)付(兩種或兩種以上不同的活動或人)?Manyparentsfindithardto

juggle

childrenandacareer.許多父母發(fā)現(xiàn)一邊照顧孩子一邊忙事業(yè)很難應(yīng)付.

外刊例句：

Theinterviewers

aretryingto

juggle

theirday

jobs

with

theirrecruitingduties：

theyseldomspendmorethanaminuteorsoreviewingeachapplicationform.

(TheEconomist)

注意：這里不可以使用balance,balance是指同等重視相對的兩個事物或方面,比如：Shetriesto

balancehomelifeandcareer.

她力圖兼顧家庭生活和事業(yè).而原句子提到的活動已經(jīng)超過了兩個,因此應(yīng)該用juggle.

3.教育的作用不只在于傳授知識,更在于培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的批判性思維以及為他們未來的職業(yè)發(fā)展做準(zhǔn)備.

Thefunctionofeducationis

notjustabout

(1.不僅僅在于)impartingknowledge(2.傳授知識),butmoreabout

developingstudents’

criticalthinking(3.批判性思維)and

preparingthemfor(4.幫助某人做好準(zhǔn)備)their

futurecareerdevelopment(5.未來職業(yè)發(fā)展).

1-notjustabout…butmoreabout…是一個常用的句式,它的含義是"不僅僅在于……還在于……”

外刊例句：

Europeansworryalotaboutwage

competition.Theresearchersnotethatglobalisationis

notjustabout

wages,

but

morebroadlyabout

findingefficienciesanywherealongcomplexsupply

chains.(TheEconomist)

2-impartknowledge是一個常見搭配,含義是"傳授知識”.

柯林斯詞典例句：

Theabilityto

impartknowledge

andcommandrespectistheessential

qualificationforteachers.具備傳授知識并贏得尊敬的能力是對教師的基本要求.

Iamaboutto

impartknowledge

toyouthatyouwillneverforget.我會向你傳授讓你終生牢記的知識.

外刊例句：Everheardofbehaviourforlearning?

Mostoften,allthatseemstomeanisthatstudentsarebeingquietand

respectfulsothattheteacherisfreeto

impartknowledge

insteadoftryingtomakethemshutupand

listen.(TheGuardian)

注意："傳授知識”不能寫成deliverknowledge,deliver的意思是"運送,投遞”,不能修飾knowledge.

3-

criticalthinking(批判性思維)是一個專有名詞,它是指為了得到肯定的判斷所進行的清晰、理性的思考方式.關(guān)于批判性思維的更多介紹可以參考https：///wiki/Critical_thinking

外刊例句：Agenuinesex

educationshouldtakethebio-psychological,emotionalandsocialaspectsof

sexualityintoaccount,shouldallowchildrentounderstanddifferences

betweenthesexes,interpersonalrelationships,theimportanceofdeveloping

criticalthinking,anopenmindand

respectfortheother.(TheGuardian)

注意：critical

thinking是一個專有名詞,不能寫成criticthinking

4-

preparesomebodyforsomething含義是"使某人做好準(zhǔn)備”

[intransitive/transitive]

tomakeyourselforsomeoneelsereadyandabletodealwitha

futureevent

prepare(yourself)forsomething：

Ithinkyoushouldprepareyourselfforashock.

preparesomeoneforsomething：

Thiscoursepreparesgraduatesformanagementcareersinthe

touristindustry.prepare(yourself)todosomething：

Sheknockedtwiceonthedoorandpreparedherselftomeether

newson-in-law.

preparesomeonetodosomething：

Weaimtocoveryourbasicmilitarytrainingandprepareyou

tojointheNavyteam.

外刊例句：Inoursurvey,

nearly70%ofemployersblamedinadequatetrainingfortheshortfallin

skilledworkers,yet70%ofeducationprovidersbelievetheysuitably

prepare

graduates

for

thejobsmarket.(TheEconomist)

5-futurecareer

development,未來職業(yè)發(fā)展

外刊例句：Mythirdtop

suggestionfornewlymintedgraduatesisthefollowing：whereyougotowork

willbefarmoreimportanttoyour

future

careerdevelopment

thanthedollaramountyoumakeduringthosefirstfew

yearsoutofcollege.(Forbes)

4.一般來說,大學(xué)生已經(jīng)被社會視為成年人,那么在體育鍛煉方面,他們應(yīng)當(dāng)享有相應(yīng)的決策自主權(quán).Ingeneral,universitystudents

aretreatedas

(1.被視為……)adultsbysocietyandshouldbegivena

corresponding

(2.相應(yīng)的)levelof

decision-makingautonomy(3.決策自主權(quán))withrespectto

(4.在……方面)physicalactivity.

1-treatsomebodyas

something把某人當(dāng)成……來看待,也可以說

treatsomebodylikesomething

treat

/

tri?t

/

?

verb

[VN]

??

BEHAVETOWARDSSB/STH

對待

1.

~sb/sth(with/as/likesth)

tobehaveinaparticularway

towardssb/sth

?

以…態(tài)度對待;以…方式對待：

?to

treatpeoplewithrespect/

consideration/suspicion,etc.

對人尊敬、體諒、懷疑等

?Treatyourkeyboardwithcareandit

shouldlastforyears.

小心使用你的鍵盤,這樣就可以使用很多年.

?Myparentsstilltreatmelikeachild.

我父母仍然把我當(dāng)成孩子.

?Hewastreatedasaheroonhisrelease

fromprison.

他獲釋出獄時被當(dāng)成英雄看待.

外刊例句：

Unlikethoseaged16orbelow,17-year-oldstakenintocustodyare

treatedasadults

andnotentitledto

thesupportofaparentorsomeoneknownasan"appropriateadult".

(TheGuardian)

可供替換的表達：beregardedas

2-

corresponding

是一個在話題寫作中經(jīng)常會用到的單詞,它的含義是"相應(yīng)的,對等的”,這個單詞的意思比較微妙,可以通過多讀例句掌握它的用法：

correspondingUK

[?k?r.?'sp?n.d??]

US

[?k?：r.?'spɑ：n-]

adjective

similar,orresultingfromsomethingelse

相似的;相應(yīng)的;對等的?Companylosseswere50percentworsethan

inthe

corresponding

periodlastyear.與去年同期相比,公司虧損增加了50%.?Asthecoursebecomesmoredifficult,

there'susuallya

corresponding

dropinattendance.隨著課程逐漸變難,來上課的人也越來越少了.

外刊例句：

Twelvemonthsonfromthelastelection,

supportformarriageequalityremainsat63%withthoseopposedat25%

comparedwithJuly2016,whenthe

corresponding

figureswere58%and28%.(TheGuardian)

3-

autonomy是指"自主權(quán)”,decision-making

autonomy(決策自主權(quán))是一個常用說法.

au?ton?omy

/

???t?n?mi;

NAmE

???tɑ?n-

/

?

noun

[U]

1.thefreedomforacountry,aregionoranorganizationtogovernitself

independently

?

自治;自治權(quán)

【SYN】

independence

：

?aca