（高考英語(yǔ)作文煉句）第48篇譯文老師筆記

PAGEPAGE11.在幾千年的歷程中,中國(guó)人民創(chuàng)造了他們獨(dú)特的習(xí)俗和傳統(tǒng),并把他們一代一代傳給后人.Overthecourseof

(1.在……的過(guò)程中)thousandsofyears,theChinesepeoplehavecreatedtheirownuniquecustomsandtraditions,and

passedthemon

(2.將……傳給)fromonegenerationtothenext.

1-overthecourseof

詞典釋義：In

/

during

/

over

thecourseofsomething

phrase

while

somethingishappeningorcontinuing

Theinsurancecoversyouifyouareinjuredinthecourse

ofyouremployment.

DuringthecourseofthemorningIlearnedalotaboutthe

project.

外刊例句：The

Fedforecaststhatitwillincreaseratesthreetimes

overthecourseof

nextyear.()美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)預(yù)計(jì)明年年內(nèi)將把利息逐步提高三倍.

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：Intheprocessofthousandsofyears點(diǎn)評(píng)：intheprocessof(doing)something一般是指一個(gè)相對(duì)短暫的正在進(jìn)行中的過(guò)程,例如：Thecompanyisintheprocessofmovingtonewoffices.該公司正搬往新的辦公室.Intheprocessofthousandsofyears搭配不妥,可以改為in/during/overthecourseofthousandsofyears

2-passsthon

詞典釋義：passon1.

將…傳給;將…交給

Ifyou

pass

something

onto

someone,yougiveittothemsothattheyhaveitinsteadofyou.

?TheQueenispassingthemoneyontoaselectionofher

favouritecharities...女王要把那筆錢(qián)交給她喜歡的一些慈善機(jī)構(gòu).

?Thereisariskofpassingtheviruson...有傳播病毒的風(fēng)險(xiǎn).?ThelateEarlpassedonmuchofhisfortunetohis

daughter...已故伯爵將他的大部分財(cái)產(chǎn)傳給了女兒.?Tenantsremainliableifthey

passon

theirlease.如果房客將房子轉(zhuǎn)租,他們?nèi)猿袚?dān)責(zé)任.

外刊例句：DetailsoftheaccountsweresenttoChristineLagarde,France'sformerfinanceministerandnowheadoftheInternationalMonetaryFund,andshe

passedthemon

toothergovernmentsintheEUandtotheUS.

()賈斯汀娜·拉加爾德是法國(guó)的前任財(cái)政部長(zhǎng),目前擔(dān)任實(shí)際貨幣基金組織的主席,這些銀行帳號(hào)的詳細(xì)資料將發(fā)給她,然后由她轉(zhuǎn)交給歐盟各國(guó)和美國(guó).

替換表達(dá)：handsomethingdowntosomebody/passdownsomethingtosomebody

Q：pass不是直接就有傳遞的意思嗎?直接用passthemfromgenerationtogeneration可以嗎?A：passsomethingontosomebody是一個(gè)固定表達(dá),意思是"將(知識(shí)、技能等)傳遞給……”,不可以寫(xiě)成passthemfromgenerationtogeneration

Q：中國(guó)人民前要不要加定冠詞?是Chinesepeople,還是theChinesepeopleA：需要加定冠詞the,即theChinesepeople,例如《衛(wèi)報(bào)》句子：CombininghiscriticismwithavisittoChinasendspreciselythe

wrongmessageto

theChinesepeople.

2.傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)形式是中國(guó)文化認(rèn)同的重要部分,同時(shí)也是民族驕傲的重要來(lái)源.保護(hù)中國(guó)的文化遺產(chǎn)能保證這種認(rèn)同和驕傲持續(xù)下去,并且有助于促進(jìn)中國(guó)民眾的團(tuán)結(jié)一致.Traditionalartformsare

partandparcelof

(1.……的重要部分)China's

culturalidentity

(2.文化認(rèn)同)aswellasagreatsourceof

nationalpride(3.民族驕傲).ProtectingChina'sculturalheritagewillensurethatthissenseofidentityandprideendures,andhelptofoster

solidarity

(4.團(tuán)結(jié)一致)amongtheChinesepeople.

1-bepartandparcelof

詞典釋義：partandparcel

noun

：

anessentialorconstituentportion

：

anintegralelement

<courtesyandgenialityare

partandparcel

ofthenorthcountrymakeup

—

S.P.B.Mais>

<thousandsofAramaicwordsarenow

partandparcel

ofthelanguage

—

WilliamChomsky>

外刊例句：America'svirtuesandvices

arepartandparcelof

eachother.

()美國(guó)價(jià)值和話語(yǔ)權(quán)互為對(duì)方的核心.

替換表達(dá)：bethekeyelement(s)ofsomething/animportantpartof

2-culturalidentity

詞典釋義：culturalUK

['k?l.t??r.?l]

US

[-t??-]

adjective

WAYOFLIFE

生活方式

IMPROVER

■relatingtothehabits,traditionsandbeliefsofa

society

與文化有關(guān)的,文化的?TheUSAisoftenaccusedof

cultural

imperialism.人們常指責(zé)美國(guó)奉行文化帝國(guó)主義.?Australiahasitsown

cultural

identity,

whichisverydifferentfromthatofBritain.澳大利亞有自己的文化特征,與英國(guó)文化大不相同.?cultural

diversity/differences文化多樣性／差異?cultural

heritage

(=waysoflivingandthinkingthathaveexistedforalongtimeina

society)文化遺產(chǎn)

外刊例句：ANorthernTerritoryboywhohadatraditionalupbringing

inaremoteIndigenouscommunitylosthis

culturalidentity

afterhewastakenawaybywelfareworkers,an

inquiryhasheard.

()一位土生土長(zhǎng)在偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)的北部地區(qū)男孩在由社會(huì)福利工作者帶走后,喪失了其文化認(rèn)同,這起案件正受審理.

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：culturalidentification點(diǎn)評(píng)：identification是指"身份證明文件”,例如：Doyouhaveanyidentification?你有什么身份證明文件嗎?這里應(yīng)該改為culturalidentity

3-nationalpride

詞典釋義：

pride

[pra?d]

noun

RESPECTFOR

YOURSELF

自尊

IMPROVER

uncountable

■yourfeelingsofyourownworthandrespectforyourself

自尊(心)?Shehastoomuch

pride

toacceptanyhelp.她自尊心太強(qiáng),不肯接受任何幫助.?Thecountry'snational

pride

hasbeendented(=

damaged)byitssportingfailures.體育運(yùn)動(dòng)方面的失利使這個(gè)國(guó)家的民族自尊心受到了傷害.

外刊例句：Still,thepoliticiansarecountingonthebuildingbeinga

sourceofgreat

nationalpride,whichiswhyeverybodyinvolvediskeenthatitshoulduselotsofScottish

material.

()政客仍視該建筑為民族自豪,這就是為什么涉及的人都堅(jiān)持該建筑物應(yīng)該用多點(diǎn)蘇格蘭素材.

4-solidarity

詞典釋義：solidarity

UK

[?s?l.?'d?r.?.ti]

US

[?sɑ：.l?'der.?.t?i]

noun

uncountable

■agreementbetweenandsupportforthemembersofagroup,

especiallyapoliticalgroup

團(tuán)結(jié)一致?Thesituationraisesimportantquestionsabout

solidarity

amongmemberstatesoftheUN.當(dāng)前形勢(shì)引發(fā)了聯(lián)合國(guó)成員國(guó)能否團(tuán)結(jié)一致的質(zhì)疑.?Thelecturersjoinedtheprotestmarchtoshow

solidarity

with

theirstudents.演講者加入抗議隊(duì)伍,以示他們與學(xué)生們團(tuán)結(jié)一致.

外刊例句：Worldleadersexpressed

solidarity

andoutrageafterSaturdaynight’svanandknife

attacksonLondonBridgeandinnearbyBoroughMarketkilledsevenpeopleand

left48inhospital,someincriticalcondition.

()倫敦大橋與臨近的自治區(qū)市場(chǎng)在周六晚上遭受汽車(chē)和持刀恐怖襲擊,7人死亡,48人受傷送院,且部分傷勢(shì)嚴(yán)重,世界各國(guó)領(lǐng)袖此后表達(dá)了各國(guó)人民要團(tuán)結(jié)一致,并對(duì)此襲擊感到非常憤怒.

替換表達(dá)：unity

Q：如何在翻譯的時(shí)候準(zhǔn)確判斷何時(shí)用所有格,何時(shí)用形容詞屬性?就像例句中的China's和ChineseA：如果對(duì)單詞的所有格或形容詞屬性不清楚,可以多查詞典,體會(huì)例句.China’s為名詞所有格,強(qiáng)調(diào)所屬關(guān)系.例如：TheYellowRiveris

China’ssecondlongestriver.黃河是中國(guó)第二大河.Chinese為形容詞,表示屬性,例如：AreyouintoChinese

food?你對(duì)中國(guó)菜有興趣嗎?

Q：老師,我在翻譯的時(shí)候總在一些關(guān)鍵的名詞或者動(dòng)詞那里只有單詞的模糊印象,總是拼寫(xiě)不對(duì)或是不完全,也就是這些只是我的閱讀詞匯,現(xiàn)在發(fā)現(xiàn)了這個(gè)問(wèn)題,想重新記憶積累但是單詞很多,不知道該從哪里入手,老師你有什么好的建議嗎?謝謝老師.A：可以閱讀一些雅思或者托福寫(xiě)作書(shū)籍,上面一般會(huì)有對(duì)常見(jiàn)的寫(xiě)作名詞和動(dòng)詞做總結(jié),可以多記一些.另外一個(gè)是有不確定的單詞多查詞典,多積累.

ProtectingChina'sculturalheritagewillensurethatthis

senseofidentityandprideendures,andhelptofostersolidarityamongthe

Chinesepeople.

[分析]本句的主干是ProtectingChina's

culturalheritagewillensure…andhelptofoster

solidarity,主語(yǔ)是ProtectingChina'sculturalheritage,謂語(yǔ)有兩個(gè),分別是willensure和helptofoster,它們的賓語(yǔ)分別是名詞性從句thatthissenseofidentityandprideendures和solidarity.

3.在我們?cè)絹?lái)越工業(yè)化、商業(yè)化和機(jī)械化的世界,很多國(guó)家都面臨著它們的傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)形式逐漸消亡的威脅.這種威脅在中國(guó)感受最為強(qiáng)烈,它在過(guò)去二十年里見(jiàn)證了快速的現(xiàn)代化和大量的西方文化輸入.Inourincreasinglyindustrialized,commercializedand

mechanized

(1.機(jī)械化)world,manycountrieshavefacedthethreatoftheirtraditionalartforms

dyingout(2.逐漸消亡).NowherehasthisthreatbeenfeltmoreintenselythaninChina,wherethepasttwodecadeshavewitnessedrapidmodernizationand

themassimportof

(3.……的大量輸入)westernculture.

1-mechanized

詞典釋義：mechanized

mech·a·nized/

?m?k??na?zd

;

?mek?na?zd

/adjective

also

-isedBrE

1.amechanizedsystemorprocessnowusesmachinesinsteadofpeopleor

animals機(jī)械化的;SYN

automated

?Carproductionis

nowhighlymechanized.轎車(chē)生產(chǎn)現(xiàn)在已是高度機(jī)械化.2.amechanizedarmyunituses

TANKS

andother

ARMOURED

militaryvehicles〔軍隊(duì)〕機(jī)械化的

—mechanizeverbT

—mechanization/

?m?k?n??ze??n

;

?mek?na??ze???n

/nounU?increasing

mechanizationofagriculture越來(lái)越高的農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化程度

外刊例句：Hawtinevenerredasteportwoalongtheway–awelcome

sightintheoverly

mechanized

worldoftechno–buthisminimal,dystopianchurntrulybroughttheMojaveTenttolifeinthedarkness.

()霍廷在一路上盡管有所差錯(cuò),這在已經(jīng)機(jī)械化過(guò)度的電子音樂(lè)世界可廣受歡迎,而且他的確用其小小的反烏托邦式的"攪拌器”在黑暗中使莫哈韋沙漠帳篷煥發(fā)生機(jī).

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：(1)machinery點(diǎn)評(píng)：machinery是指"機(jī)器,機(jī)械(尤指大型機(jī)械)”,例如：Theuseofheavymachineryhasdamagedthesite.使用重型機(jī)器毀壞了工地.這里不能用machinery來(lái)指"機(jī)械化”.(2)mechanical點(diǎn)評(píng)：mechanical是指"機(jī)械的,機(jī)械零件的”,例如：Thecompanyproducesmechanicalpartsforairplaneengines.這家公司生產(chǎn)飛機(jī)引擎的機(jī)械零件.這里應(yīng)該改為mechanized

2-dieout

詞典釋義：dieout1.PHRASAL

VERB

短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

逐漸消亡;滅絕;絕種

Ifsomething

dies

out,itbecomeslessandlesscommonandeventually

disappearscompletely.?Howdidthedinosaurs

dieout?...

恐龍是如何滅絕的??IwanttoteachIrishsothatitwon't

dieout.我想教愛(ài)爾蘭語(yǔ),這樣它就不會(huì)徹底消失.

外刊例句：Nowadays,termslikenavascare

dyingout.Onlyabout2%ofMilanesestillspeakthedialectfluently.

()像navasc這種詞如今正逐漸消失.只有約2%米蘭人還能流利地說(shuō)方言.

替換表達(dá)：peterout/disappear

3-themassimportof

詞典釋義：mass[m?s]

adjective

[before

noun]

IMPROVER

■havinganeffectonorinvolvingalargenumberofpeople

orformingalargeamount

大量的;大規(guī)模的;大批的

?weaponsof

mass

destruction大規(guī)模毀滅性武器?a

mass

murderer殺人狂?mass

starvation饑荒成災(zāi)?Oppositiongroupsplantostage

mass

demonstrations

alloverthecountry.反對(duì)派計(jì)劃在全國(guó)發(fā)起大規(guī)模游行示威.

IMPROVER

uncountable

(also

importation)

■theactionof

bringinggoodsorfashionsintoacountry

進(jìn)口;輸入;引進(jìn)

?theillegalimportationofdrugs非法的毒品輸入?an

import

licence進(jìn)口許可證?import

duties進(jìn)口稅

外刊例句：But

themassimportof

Chinesefireworks,madefarcheaperthantheycouldbeinBritain,allbutendedtheindustry.

()中國(guó)的煙花產(chǎn)品要比英國(guó)的廉價(jià),但大量進(jìn)口它們會(huì)給英國(guó)本土煙花制造業(yè)帶來(lái)末日.

Q：Nowhere在這里的用法是倒樁嗎?為什么能放在句首?想表達(dá)的意思呢?查了詞典但是沒(méi)有觀察到相關(guān)用法A：這里是nowhere引導(dǎo)的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),相當(dāng)于ThisthreathasbeenfeltmoreintenselyinnowherethaninChina.類似的用法還有朗文詞典例句：NowhereisdrugabusemoreofaproblemthanintheUS.沒(méi)有什么地方吸毒問(wèn)題比美國(guó)更嚴(yán)重.

Nowherehasthisthreatbeenfeltmoreintenselythanin

China,wherethepasttwodecadeshavewitnessedrapidmodernizationandthe

massimportofwesternculture.

[分析]本句的主干是Nowherehasthis

threatbeenfeltmoreintenselythaninChina,這是一個(gè)倒裝句,當(dāng)句首狀語(yǔ)是否定詞或是帶有否定意義的詞時(shí),句子主謂要部分倒裝.同時(shí),這個(gè)句子還是一個(gè)被動(dòng)句,其主語(yǔ)是thisthreat,謂語(yǔ)是hasbeenfelt,另外,intensely作程度狀語(yǔ),thaninChina作比較狀語(yǔ)從句,而逗號(hào)之后的由where引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句又修飾China,在這個(gè)where引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中,thepasttwodecades作主語(yǔ),havewitnessed作謂語(yǔ),rapidmodernization和themassimportofwesternculture由and連接,作并列賓語(yǔ).

4.盡管中國(guó)政府已經(jīng)開(kāi)始表明保護(hù)國(guó)家文化遺產(chǎn)的承諾,傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)仍然處于一個(gè)危險(xiǎn)的境地,而且,如果如果資金不足,它們可能沒(méi)有戰(zhàn)勝現(xiàn)代化的希望.AlthoughtheChinesegovernmenthasalreadybegunto

demonstrateacommitmentto

(1.表明……的承諾)protectingthenation'sculturalheritage,thetraditionalartsarestill

inaprecariousposition

(2.處于危險(xiǎn)的境地)and,if

underfunded(3.資金不足),mightnot

standachanceagainst

(4.有戰(zhàn)勝……的希望)modernization.

1-demonstrateacommitmentto注意to是介詞,后跟名詞或動(dòng)名詞形式.

詞典釋義：demonstrate

['dem.?n.stre?t]

verb

SHOW

展示

ESSENTIAL

transitive

■toshow;tomakeclear

顯示;表明

?Thesefigures

clearly

demonstrate

thesize

oftheeconomicproblemfacingthecountry.這些數(shù)字清楚表明了該國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題的嚴(yán)重程度.?[+

that]Researchhas

demonstrated

that

babiescanrecognizetheirmother'svoiceverysoonafterbirth.研究顯示,嬰兒出生后很快就能辨識(shí)母親的聲音.?Theseproblems

demonstrate

theimportanceof

strategicplanning.這些問(wèn)題顯示出了戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃的重要性.

commitment

[k?'m?t.m?nt]

noun

ESSENTIAL

countable

or

uncountable

■whenyouarewillingtogiveyourtimeandenergyto

somethingthatyoubelievein,orapromiseorfirmdecisiontodosomething

忠誠(chéng);投入;奉獻(xiàn);承諾,保證,諾言?her

commitment

to

left-wingpolitics/the

causeoffeminism/thecompany她對(duì)左翼政治／女權(quán)主義事業(yè)／公司的奉獻(xiàn)?Sheisknownchieflyforher

commitment

to

nucleardisarmament.她主要以全力支持核裁軍運(yùn)動(dòng)而聞名.?I'dliketothankthestaffforhavingshownsuch

commitment.我要對(duì)全體員工作出的巨大奉獻(xiàn)表示感謝.?Trytheproductoutinthecomfortofyourownhomewith

absolutelyno

commitment

to

buy!

可在家隨意試用本產(chǎn)品且根本無(wú)須購(gòu)買(mǎi)!

外刊例句：Tohavetrueandlastingimpact,philanthropistsmust

demonstrateacommitmentto

substantialandoftendifficultchange.

()若想帶來(lái)真實(shí)且持久的影響,慈善家必須表現(xiàn)出肯做出巨大且艱難改變的決意.

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：showthecommitmentwith點(diǎn)評(píng)：commitment后面的介詞應(yīng)該用to,而不是with

2-inaprecariousposition

詞典釋義：precarious

UK

[pr?'ke?.ri.?s]

US

[-'ker.i-]

adjective

■inadangerousstatebecausenotsafeorfirmlyfixed

危險(xiǎn)的;不牢靠的,不穩(wěn)的?Thelorrywaslodgedinavery

precarious

way,with

itsfrontwheelshangingoverthecliff.卡車(chē)的位置很危險(xiǎn),前輪懸在峭壁上面.■Aprecarioussituationislikelytogetworse

(情勢(shì))不穩(wěn)定的,不確定的,危險(xiǎn)的?Manyborrowersnowfindthemselvescaughtina

precarious

financialposition.許多借款人現(xiàn)在發(fā)現(xiàn)自己陷入不穩(wěn)定的財(cái)務(wù)狀況.

position[p?'z??.?n]

noun

SITUATION

狀況

ESSENTIAL

countableusuallysingular

■asituation

處境,狀況?Myfinancial

position

isratherprecarious

atthemoment.現(xiàn)在我的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況相當(dāng)不穩(wěn)定.?Whentwoofyourbestfriendsargueit

puts

you

in

averyawkward

position.你兩個(gè)最好的朋友吵架時(shí),你會(huì)陷入一種非常尷尬的境地.

外刊例句：Aparticularly

precarious

position

tobeinisthatofaRepublicanlieutenant-governortryingto

getpromoted.

()那共和黨的代理州長(zhǎng)想晉升的職位可謂價(jià)值連城.

替換表達(dá)：putsthatrisk/bringsthintodanger

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：(1)inanendangered

position分析：endangered含義是"瀕臨滅絕的”,例如：anendangeredspecies瀕臨絕種的生物種類;an

endangeredculture.瀕臨絕傳的文化,不能用endangered來(lái)指"處境危險(xiǎn)”.(2)inadanger

situation分析：danger是一個(gè)名詞,這里應(yīng)該改為形容詞dangerous,即inadangerousposition(3)undera

dangeroussituation分析：underadangerous

situation應(yīng)該改為inadangeroussituation

3-underfunded

詞典釋義：under-funded

1.ADJ-GRADED

能被表示程度的副詞或介詞詞組修飾的形容詞

(組織或機(jī)構(gòu))資金短缺的,財(cái)力不足的,經(jīng)費(fèi)拮據(jù)的

Anorganization

orinstitutionthatis

underfunded

doesnothaveenoughmoneytospend,andsoitcannotfunction

properly.?Foryearswehavearguedthatthehealthserviceis

underfunded...多年來(lái)我們一直都在說(shuō)衛(wèi)生醫(yī)療方面資金投入不足.

?Mostadultsbelievestateschoolsare

underfunded.大多數(shù)成年人都認(rèn)為公立學(xué)校經(jīng)費(fèi)不足.

?...underfunded

pensions.資金短缺的養(yǎng)老金

外刊例句：Theconferencereflectedanongoingdebateintheindustry

overwhetherEurope'sforceswerebeing

underfunded,

ornotfundedintherightway,andwhattheconsequencescouldbefor

fightingthe'waronterror'.

()該會(huì)議反映出了該行業(yè)里正在熱議的爭(zhēng)論：歐盟的力量是否未得到了充足資金,或者是有沒(méi)有投對(duì)地方,以及反恐行動(dòng)成效如何.

替換表達(dá)：underfinanced

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：deprivedoffunds點(diǎn)評(píng)：deprivedoffunds帶有"被剝奪資金”的含義,這里改為underfinanced/underfunded比較恰當(dāng).

4-standachanceagainst

詞典釋義：29.

standachance/hope(ofdoingsth)tobelikelytobeabletodosomethingorto

succeed有機(jī)會(huì)/有希望(做某事)：?You'llstandabetterchanceofgettingajobwithadegree.你有了學(xué)位找到工作的機(jī)會(huì)就更大.?Maybetheirrelationshiphadneverreallysto