（高考英語作文煉句）第52篇譯文老師筆記

PAGEPAGE11.每個(gè)國家在道義上都有責(zé)任去保護(hù)它的人民的福利.對(duì)于像美國和中國這樣的國家,讓人民生活在赤貧線而在太空探索計(jì)劃上投入數(shù)十億美元或人民幣,這樣的事是無法接受的.Everycountryis

morallyobligedto

(1.在道德上有責(zé)任去做……)protectthewelfareofitspeople.ForcountriesliketheUnitedStatesandChina,itisunacceptabletohavepeople

livinginabjectpoverty

(2.生活在赤貧線)whenbillionsofdollarsoryuanarebeingspentonspaceexplorationinitiatives.

1-ismorallyobligedto

詞典釋義：morallyUK

['m?r.?l.i]

US

['m?：r-]

adverb

■basedonprinciplesthatyouorpeopleingeneral

considertoberight,honestoracceptable

道德上,道義上

?Morally,

you'reright,butinpracticeIdon'tthinkitwouldwork.從道義上講,你是對(duì)的,但實(shí)際上我認(rèn)為那樣行不通.?Forateachertohitachildisnotjust

morally

wrong

butalsoillegal.教師打孩子不僅在道德上是錯(cuò)誤的,而且也是違法的.?Shethinksshe's

morally

superiortotherestof

us.她認(rèn)為自己的道德比我們其他人都要高尚.

obliged[?'bla?d?d/

(mainlyUSor

formal

obligated)

adjective

[afterverb]

FORCED

強(qiáng)迫的

be/feeletc.obliged

[+

to

infinitive]

■tobeorfeel,etc.forcedtodosomethingorthat

youmustdosomething

被迫做某事;必須做某事;只好做某事

?Doctorsarelegally

obliged

to

takecertain

precautions.法律規(guī)定醫(yī)生有責(zé)任采取某些預(yù)防措施.?Shefeels

obliged

to

benicetoJackbecausehe's

herboss.她覺得必須對(duì)杰克殷勤些,因?yàn)樗亲约旱睦习?

外刊例句：ForMsMacFarquhar’ssubjectsthemselves,

everyone

ismorallyobliged

tobe

maximallygoodallthetime,andanythinglessisunjustifiablyselfish.()因?yàn)樽鳛轳R諾德研究對(duì)象的"人”本身是在道德層面上有義務(wù)盡可能每時(shí)每刻都做到盡善盡美的,稍微松懈都可視為無法辯解的自私自利.

替換表達(dá)：itisacountry’smoralobligationto…/everycountryhasamoral

obligationto…

2-liveinabjectpoverty

詞典釋義：abject['?b.d?ekt]

formal

adjective

EXTREME

極度的

abjectmisery/poverty/terror,etc.

■whensomeoneisextremelyunhappy,poor,frightened,etc

極其苦惱／赤貧／極度恐怖等?Theylivein

abject

poverty.他們過著赤貧的生活.?Thispolicyhasturnedouttobean

abject

failure.結(jié)果已經(jīng)證明這項(xiàng)政策徹底失敗了.

外刊例句：Thestarkestevidenceoftheinequality

arisingfromunevenprogressistheplightofthebillionorsopeoplestuck

indevelopingcountrieswhostill

live

inabjectpoverty

andhavelowlifeexpectancy.

()對(duì)于發(fā)展不平衡所帶來的不公的最顯著證據(jù)就是,那數(shù)十億困在發(fā)展中國家人群所面臨的困境,他們生活仍極度貧困,十分短壽.

替換表達(dá)：liveonthebreadline/livebelowthepovertyline/livein

extremepoverty/liveindirepoverty

2.消滅赤貧和饑餓應(yīng)該成為預(yù)算重點(diǎn)的主要原因是,這樣做對(duì)一個(gè)國家的社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)最有利.因?yàn)樨毟F和失業(yè)以及未充分就業(yè)緊密相關(guān),如果普羅大眾的經(jīng)濟(jì)困境沒有得到解決,即使是一個(gè)技術(shù)發(fā)達(dá)的國家最終也會(huì)遭遇經(jīng)濟(jì)難題.Themainreasonthattheeliminationofdestitutionandhungershould

bemadeahighbudgetarypriority(1.成為預(yù)算重點(diǎn))isthatdoingsois

inacountry'sbestsocialandeconomicinterests(2.對(duì)一個(gè)國家的社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)最有利).Sincepovertyisassociatedwithunemploymentand

underemployment(3.未充分就業(yè)),evenatechnologicallyadvancednationcouldendupsufferingeconomicallyif

financialhardship

(4.經(jīng)濟(jì)困境)amongitsgeneralpopulationremainsunaddressed.

1-bemadeahighbudgetarypriority

這里結(jié)構(gòu)是"makeAB,使A成為B”的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu).

詞典釋義：budgetary

●○○○○1.ADJ

形容詞

預(yù)算的

A

budgetary

matterorpolicyisconcernedwiththeamountofmoneythatis

availabletoacountryororganization,andhowitistobespent.?Therearehuge

budgetary

pressuresonallgovernmentsinEuropetoreducetheirarmedforces.歐洲各國政府都面臨著巨大的裁軍預(yù)算壓力.

外刊例句：TheRoyalCollegeofPhysicians,whichhas

accreditedShah'scourse,recognisesthereisalackofadequatetrainingin

communicationskillsandurgesthattrainingbemade"highpriority"

informalmedicaleducation.

()皇家醫(yī)學(xué)院曾認(rèn)可薩哈的課程,現(xiàn)在意識(shí)到了(學(xué)生)缺乏足夠的溝通技能訓(xùn)練,催促要把此訓(xùn)練放在正規(guī)醫(yī)療教育的"首位”.

替換表達(dá)：begivenahighbudgetarypriority

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：thefocusof

thebudget點(diǎn)評(píng)：中式表達(dá),thefocusof

something含義是"成為……的焦點(diǎn)”,例如thefocusofattention/

concern/interest關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn),但不可以用thefocusof來與budget搭配.

2-inacountry'sbestsocialandeconomic

interests

詞典釋義：inone’sinterestUK

['?n.tr?st]

US

[-tr?st]

noun

ADVANTAGE

好處

ESSENTIAL

countable

usually

plural

uncountable

■somethingthat

bringsadvantagestooraffectssomeoneorsomething

利益,好處?Aunionlooksafterthe

interests

ofits

members.工會(huì)關(guān)心其會(huì)員的利益.?It's

inhis

interests

tokeepcareful

records.仔細(xì)做好紀(jì)錄對(duì)他有好處.?Inthe

interests

of

safety,pleasedonotsmoke.為了安全起見,請(qǐng)不要吸煙.?Despitewhatyouthink,I'monlyactinginyour

best

interests

(=doingwhatisbestforyou).不管你怎樣想,我這樣做完全是為你著想.

外刊例句：Ithasbeensaidthatsocialissuesinspire

Americanstovoteagainsttheireconomic

interests：

afactoryworkerelectsananti-abortionRepublican;inreturnhegets

anti-unionlaws.

()一直有言論認(rèn)為,美國人會(huì)因?yàn)樯鐣?huì)問題而投出對(duì)自己經(jīng)濟(jì)利益不理的選票：工人選了位反墮胎的共和黨人,而相應(yīng)地,也"得到了”反公會(huì)的法律.

3-underemployment

詞典釋義：underemploymentnoun

Etymology：

under

(III)

+employment

1.

：

astateoflessthanfullemploymentofthelaborforce

inaneconomy

：

theexistenceofnumbersofworkerswithoutjobs

2.

：

thepartialemploymentofaworker

3.

：

theutilizationofworkersatmoremenialorless

skilledtasksthantheirtrainingorabilitieswillpermit

外刊例句：Withweakfull-timeemploymentgrowth,

underemployment

isinmanywaysnowa

betterindicatorofthehealthoftheeconomythantheunemploymentrate.()隨著全職工作崗位數(shù)量增長下行,以未充分就業(yè)率來作為衡量經(jīng)濟(jì)健康狀況從各方面來說,都要比用失業(yè)率更好.

4-financialhardship

詞典釋義：

hardship

●●○○○1.N-VAR

可變名詞

艱難;艱苦;貧困

Hardship

isa

situationinwhichyourlifeisdifficultorunpleasant,oftenbecauseyoudo

nothaveenoughmoney.?Manypeoplearesufferingeconomic

hardship...很多人正處于經(jīng)濟(jì)困難之中.?Oneoftheworst

hardships

ishavingsolittletimetospendwithone'sfamily.最大的痛苦之一是幾乎沒有時(shí)間和家人在一起.

外刊例句：Mostofthemcitegovernmentcorruptionand

financialhardship

astheirreason

formigrating.()他們大多以政府腐敗和財(cái)政困難作為自己移民的原因.

替換表達(dá)：economichardship/economicdifficulties/financialdifficulties

3.貧窮和饑餓也與犯罪、毒品濫用甚至是自殺等社會(huì)問題有聯(lián)系,這些社會(huì)問題都會(huì)危害政府竭力所維護(hù)的和平與秩序.Povertyandhungerarealsoassociatedwithcrime,

drugmisuse(1.毒品濫用)andevensuicide,socialissuesthatcan

jeopardize(2.危害)theverypeaceandorderthatgovernmentsstrivetomaintain.

1-drugmisuse

詞典釋義：

misusenoun

countable

or

uncountable

/?m?s?ju?s/

■whensomethingisusedinanunsuitablewayorinaway

thatwasnotintended

濫用?Thisnewcomputersystemiscompletelyunnecessaryanda

misuse

of

taxpayers'money.這個(gè)新的電腦系統(tǒng)完全沒有必要,是濫用納稅人的錢.?the

misuse

ofpower/drugs濫用權(quán)力／藥物

外刊例句：InAustralia,thelargestpercentageincrease

in

drugmisuse

between2013and

2016wasamongpeopleaged60andover,withthisagegroupmainlymisusing

prescriptiondrugs.”()在澳大利亞,濫用藥物在2013到2016期間于60歲及以上群體中激增,而他們大部分是在濫用處方藥物.

替換表達(dá)：drugabuse

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：drugaddiction點(diǎn)評(píng)：drugaddiction是指"毒品上癮”,這與"毒品濫用”不同.

2-jeopardize

詞典釋義：jeopardize

(UK

usually

jeopardise)

UK

['d?ep.?.da?z]

US

[-?-]

verb

transitive

■toputsomethingsuchasaplanorsystemindangerof

beingharmedordamaged

使處于危險(xiǎn)境地;危及,損害?Sheknewthatbyfailingherexamsshecould

jeopardize

herwholefuture.她知道考試不及格會(huì)影響自己整個(gè)未來的前途.

外刊例句：In2011,theUSeducationdepartmentissueda

guidanceletterwarninguniversitiesthatunderTitleIX,theyarerequired

tohaveprocessesandstafftorespondtosexualmisconductandthata

failuretocomplycould

jeopardize

funding.

()在2011年,美國教育部給各受第九教育修正條例管制的大學(xué)發(fā)了意見指導(dǎo)信,警告它們需要組織人員應(yīng)對(duì)不當(dāng)性行為,而未能按此執(zhí)行的學(xué)校恐將遭受資金削減.

替換表達(dá)：threaten/endanger/harm

4.盡管國家顯然應(yīng)該投入資源去消滅貧窮和饑餓,但這并不意味著探索宇宙的努力應(yīng)該被放棄.作為一個(gè)迅速發(fā)展的科學(xué)研究領(lǐng)域,太空探索可以促進(jìn)就業(yè)增長,促進(jìn)新技術(shù)發(fā)明,以及在國家的長期經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中發(fā)揮重要作用.Althoughtheneedforcountriesto

allocateresourcesto

(1.投入資源去……)eliminatepovertyandhungerisreadilyapparent,thisdoesnotmeanthateffortstoexplorethecosmosshould

beforsaken(2.被放棄).Asa

burgeoning

(3.迅速發(fā)展的)fieldofscientificresearch,spaceexplorationcanpromotejobcreation,leadtothediscoveryofnewtechnologies,andplayakeyroleinacountry'slong-termeconomicgrowth.

1-allocateresourcestodosth

詞典釋義：allocate['?l.?.ke?t]

verb

transitive

ADVANCED

■togivesomethingtosomeoneastheirshareofatotal

amount,forthemtouseinaparticularway

分配;分派;撥給,劃撥

?Thegovernmentis

allocating

￡10million

for

healtheducation.政府將撥出1000萬英鎊作為健康教育經(jīng)費(fèi).?[+twoobjects]Asprojectleader,youwillhaveto

allocate

peoplejobs/allocatejobs

to

people.作為企劃案負(fù)責(zé)人,你必須給大家分派工作.?Itisnotthejoboftheinvestigatingcommitteeto

allocate

blame

for

thedisaster/to

allocate

blame

to

individuals.調(diào)查委員會(huì)的任務(wù)不是確定誰該為這場災(zāi)難負(fù)責(zé)任／哪些人應(yīng)該負(fù)責(zé)任.

外刊例句：Insteadoflettingthemarket

allocateresources,thecentralbank

ischoosingwhichbanksshouldbethebeneficiariesofeasing,andhowthey

shoulddirecttheirlending.()中央銀行并未讓市場自由分配資源,而是在選擇哪些銀行能得益于援助,以及它們又能如何控制其借貸.

替換表達(dá)：devoteresourcesto(doing)something

2-beforsaken

詞典釋義：forsake

●○○○○1.VERB

動(dòng)詞

將…棄之不顧;遺棄;拋棄

Ifyou

forsake

someone,youleavethemwhenyoushouldhavestayed,oryoustop

helpingthemorlookingafterthem.?IstilllovehimandIwouldnever

forsake

him.我仍然愛著他,我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)離他而去.?...childrenwho'vebeen

forsaken

byindividualteachers...已經(jīng)被個(gè)別教師棄之不顧的孩子們

?Idon'twanthim