（高考英語作文煉句）第18篇譯文老師筆記

PAGEPAGE11.名人隱私是個有意思的話題.一方面他們的全部生活和事業(yè)都基于他們的受關(guān)注度和熱心崇拜者們的愛慕.另一方面,他們也和其他人一樣,渴望自己能避開那些窺視的目光.Thequestionoftheprivacyofcelebritiesisaninterestingone.Ontheonehandtheirentirelivesandcareersarebasedonbeing

inthespotlight

(1.備受關(guān)注的)andonadorationfromtheir

enthusiasticdevotees(2.熱心崇拜者).Ontheotherhand,likeeveryotherindividual,theyalso

longfor

(3.渴望)keepingthemselves

awayfrompryingeyes(4.避開那些窺視的目光).

1-beinthespotlight

詞典釋義：spotlightUK

['sp?t.la?t]

US

['spɑ：t-]

noun

countable

(UK

informal

spot)

■(acircleofstronglightwhichissentfrom)alamp

whosebeamcanbedirected

聚光燈;聚光燈照明圈

inthespotlight

■(ofaperson)receivingalotofpublicattention

(人)備受關(guān)注的,眾受矚目的?Thesenatorhasbeeninthe

spotlight

recently

sincetherevelationofhistaxfrauds.自從參議員的納稅欺詐行為曝光后,他就成了大眾關(guān)注的焦點.

外刊例句：Thatwouldbeasignificantandpositiverepudiationofthe

travelbanthatlaunched"TheSalesman”

into

thespotlight.

()這將是這個使"TheSalesman”備受關(guān)注的旅游禁令最重要且正面的形象代表.

替換表達(dá)：inthelimelight

2-enthusiasticdevotees

詞典釋義：enthusiastic

UK

[?n?θju：.zi'?s.t?k]

US

[-?θu：-]

adjective

IMPROVER

■showingenthusiasm

熱心的;熱情的;熱衷的

?Youdon'tseemvery

enthusiastic

about

the

party-don'tyouwanttogotonight?

你好像對這個派對不怎么熱衷——你今晚不想去了嗎?

devotee[?dev.?'ti：]

noun

countable

■apersonwhostronglyadmiresaparticularpersonoris

extremelyinterestedinasubject

(狂熱的)崇拜者,愛好者

?Heisagreat

devotee

of

thePrimeMinister.他是首相的狂熱崇拜者.?devotees

ofcricket板球愛好者

外刊例句：OneofRaddick'smost

enthusiastic

devotees

isWayneRedhart,apianoteacherandmusicianwhoseoften

absurdreviewsrevealananarchicwit.()維恩·維德哈特是雷迪克最狂熱的崇拜者之一;維恩是一名鋼琴教師和音樂人,經(jīng)常做出些荒誕的樂評,顯露出一種不虛規(guī)蹈矩的智慧.

替換表達(dá)：enthusiasts/keenfans/ardentadmirers

3-longforlong作為"渴求”的含義時,可以跟for+名詞、可以跟todo、還可以跟that引導(dǎo)的從句.

詞典釋義：long1.VERB

動詞

Seealso：

longing;

渴望;渴求;企盼Ifyoulongforsomething,youwantitvery

much.

【語法信息】：Vforn

【語法信息】：Vto-inf

【語法信息】：Vfornto-inf?Steve

longedforthegoodolddays...史蒂夫渴望重度昔日的美好時光.?I'm

longingtomeether...我渴望見到她.?He

longedforthewintertobeover.他企盼冬天早日過去.

外刊例句：Thatcher’sConservativeParty,whichtookBritaininto

Europefourdecadesago,isdividedbetweenthosewho

longfor

anarm’s-lengthrelationshipandthosewhowanttowalk

out.

()40年前,撒切爾的保守黨將英國帶進(jìn)歐盟,如今它已分裂成兩派.一派希望同歐盟保持正常的關(guān)系,另一派希望推出歐盟.

替換表達(dá)：crave

學(xué)生錯誤表達(dá)：(1)

Behungryfor點評：behungryfor

something含義是"渴望得到某事”,比如成功、名聲等,而在語境中是名人渴望能保護(hù)他們的隱私,be

hungryforsomething用在這里不恰當(dāng).

4-keepsb/sthawayfrompryingeyes

詞典釋義：pry[pra?]

verb

ASKQUESTIONS

問問題

intransitive

disapproving

■totrytofindoutprivatefactsaboutaperson

探聽,打聽(隱私)?Asareporter,Iwaspaidto

pry

into

other

people'slives.作為一個記者,我拿取報酬去窺探他人的生活.?Ihopeyoudon'tthinkI'm

prying,buthasyour

boyfriendeverlivedwithanyonebefore?

我希望你不會覺得我是在窺探你的私生活——你男朋友以前和甚么人同居過嗎??Shewantedaprivateholiday

awayfromprying

eyes

(=wherenoonewouldbetryingtoseeher).她想過一個屬于自己的假期,避開那些刺探的目光.3.

away

frompryingeyes

inprivate,wherepeoplecannot

seewhatyouaredoing私下,避開窺視的目光

外刊例句：To

keep

sensitivebusinessinformationinyouremails

awayfrompryingeyes,youwillneedencryption.

()若想保護(hù)郵件中的敏感商業(yè)信息免受窺探,你將需要加密程序.替換表達(dá)：keepsbfrombeingwatched

學(xué)生錯誤表達(dá)：(1)

avoidbeing

snooped點評：snoop是不及物動詞,沒有besnooped的用法.(2)

avoidpeeping

(peeking)eyes點評：表達(dá)不準(zhǔn)確,這里可以改為avoid

beingwatched

Q：Ontheonehandtheirentirelivesandcareersare

basedonbeinginthespotlightandonadorationfromtheirenthusiastic

devotees.onadoration前的on是承接basedon吧?這里的on不可以省略么?A：可以省略,但在這里不建議省略.加上on之后句子更好理解,也能避免出現(xiàn)歧義.

Q：對于很多詞,自己都是知道也明白他們的用法,但是不知道為什么用的時候就是想不起來,看到答案才有種恍然大悟的感覺,心里說道："對啊,就是這個詞,怎么當(dāng)時就是沒想起來呢?”對于這種問題,有沒有好的建議或者方法可以改變呢?A：這個其實就是積極詞匯與消極詞匯的區(qū)別,要使消極詞匯轉(zhuǎn)化為積極詞匯,要設(shè)法多接觸它們.建議平時可以翻翻一些常用詞的詞典例句,在學(xué)例句的過程中體會它們的用法,另外一個就是多閱讀了.可以參考這篇文章：http：///6plXMn

Q：記得life表示生命事是可數(shù)名詞,如riskedtheir

livestosavethechildren.表示生活是不可數(shù)的吧,為啥他們的全部生活和事業(yè)是

theirentirelivesandcareers?A：life表示生活時也是可數(shù)名詞,例如《衛(wèi)報》例句：But

whiletheirworkhasslippedinandoutofvogue,theirmemoryandtheway

theyconducted

theirlivesandcareers

stillexertsapowerfulallure.

Thequestionoftheprivacyofcelebritiesisan

interestingone.Ontheonehandtheirentirelivesandcareersarebasedonbeinginthespotlightandonadorationfromtheirenthusiasticdevotees.Ontheotherhand,likeeveryotherindividual,theyalsolongforkeeping

themselvesawayfrompryingeyes.

[分析]第一句是主題句：其結(jié)構(gòu)是主系表,主語為The

questionoftheprivacyofcelebrities,表語為an

interestingone,其中one指代question.

第二、三句是擴(kuò)展句,從兩個方面對名人隱私進(jìn)行論述.第二句是一個被動句,主語是theirentirelivesandcareers,謂語是are

based,謂語之后是兩個并列的介詞短語作狀語,表明名人生活和事業(yè)的基礎(chǔ)所在.第三句的結(jié)構(gòu)為主謂賓,主語是they,謂語是longfor,賓語是動名詞短語keepingthemselvesawayfrompryingeyes,在這個動名詞短語中,keeping是謂語,themselves是賓語,awayfrompryingeyes是賓語補(bǔ)足語.

2.調(diào)查性新聞報道在社會中起到重要的作用,它能確保那些當(dāng)權(quán)者行為得當(dāng),并使人們關(guān)注涉及公共利益的事件.Investigativejournalism

(1.調(diào)查性新聞報道)playsanimportantroleinsociety,makingsurethoseinpowerbehaveappropriatelyand

drawingattentionto

(2.使人們關(guān)注某事)issuesthatare

inthepublicinterest(3.涉及公眾利益).

1-Investigativejournalism

詞典釋義：investigative

●○○○○1.ADJ

形容詞

(尤指新聞工作)調(diào)查性的

Investigative

work,especiallyjournalism,involvesinvestigatingthings.

【搭配模式】：usuADJn?Thepaperhasearnedrespectforits

investigative

journalism.這份報紙的調(diào)查性新聞報道為其贏得了尊敬.

?...an

investigative

reporter.愛尋根究底的記者

journalism

●●○○○1.N-UNCOUNT

不可數(shù)名詞

Seealso：

chequebookjournalism;

新聞工作;新聞業(yè)

Journalism

is

thejobofcollectingnewsandwritingaboutitfornewspapers,magazines,

television,orradio.?Hebeganacareerin

journalism,workingfortheNorthLondonPressGroup...他開始從事新聞工作,為北倫敦報業(yè)集團(tuán)工作.?Itwasanaccomplishedpieceofinvestigative

journalism.這是一個成功的調(diào)查研究報道.

外刊例句：MrHersh'sdoggedstyleof

investigativejournalism

hasproducedbrilliantscoops—he

revealedthe1968MyLaimassacreinVietnam,andthisyearintheNewYorker

hedidmuchtouncoverthestoryofAmericantortureatBaghdad'sAbuGhraib

prison.

()荷西先生作為調(diào)查性報道記者,其果敢作風(fēng)給人們帶來了眾多精彩絕倫的獨家報道.他曾揭露過1968年的越南美萊村大屠殺,而他在今年又于紐約客上煞費苦心地披露了美國在巴格達(dá)阿布扎比監(jiān)獄虐待犯人的故事.

2-drawattentiontosth

詞典釋義：

attention[?'ten.t??n]

noun

uncountable

NOTICE

注意

ESSENTIAL

■notice,thoughtorinterest

注意,留心;考慮;關(guān)心?Ladiesandgentlemen,couldI

haveyour

attention,

please?

女士們、先生們,請安靜.?They'reorganizingacampaignto

draw

people's

attention

to

theenvironmentallyharmfuleffectsofusingtheircars.他們正在組織一場運動,目的是使人們意識到開車對環(huán)境造成的危害.?WaitamomentandI'll

give

youmy

full/undivided

attention

(=I'lllistentoandthinkaboutonlyyou).等一下,過一會兒我就可以全神貫注聽你說了.?Afteranhour,my

attention

startedto

wander

(=I

stoppedtakingnotice).一小時后,我開始分神了.

外刊例句：DeportationsunderObamawererarelyemphasized;Obama

didn’tbragaboutthemor

draw

attentionto

them.

()在奧巴馬總統(tǒng)示意下進(jìn)行的驅(qū)逐甚少受到提及,他也從不以此自夸或是讓人們注意到這些事.

替換表達(dá)：drawone’seyesto/callattentionto

學(xué)生錯誤表達(dá)：(1)

attract

publicattentionto點評：這里應(yīng)該改為call/drawpublic

attentiontosomething,attract的搭配是attractattention,但不能寫attractattentionto

something

3-beinthepublicinterest

Beinthepublicinterest

含義是"為了公眾利益”,例如《新概念3》中有一篇課文的標(biāo)題就是Inthepublicinterest

詞典釋義：

beinthenational/publicinterest

tobegoodornecessaryforthesafetyor

successofacountryanditspeople為了國家/公眾利益：?Ibelieveitisin

thepublicinterestthatthesefactsaremadeknown.我認(rèn)為是為了公眾利益才公布這些真相的.?Itis

inthe

publicinterest

thatthesefactsaremadeknown.公開這些真相是為了公眾的利益.?

in

thepublicinterest

(=helpfulorusefulto

ordinarypeople)

Wehavetoshowthat

publishingthisstoryis

inthepublicinterest.

外刊例句：MsPeevsaidthatit"wouldhavebeenaderilectionof

duty"nottoprintthecomment,andhadsaidintheoriginalarticle

thatit

was

"inthepublicinterest".()佩耶夫女士稱,她的評論"這將會是玩忽職守”沒有印出來,而且她還說,在最初的文章里,那應(yīng)該是"為了公眾的利益”.

學(xué)生錯誤表達(dá)：(1)

aboutpublic

interests點評：publicinterests應(yīng)該改為publicinterest

Q：涉及公共利益,為何用inthepublicinterest?inthepublic

interest是前邊省略了involved嗎?可以用on

/aboutthepublicinterest嗎?A：inthepublicinterest是一個固定表達(dá),不可以寫成on/aboutthepublicinterest

Q：不明白thatareinthepublicinterest,為什么要加一個狀語從句呢?不會顯得有些冗長嗎?A：這里不是狀語從句,這是一個定語從句,drawingattentiontoissues,that指代前面提到的issues

3.如果不能接觸到國內(nèi)外時事報道,人們就會處于一種幾乎是完全無知的狀態(tài),只能依賴口口相傳的信息來了解他們生活之外正在發(fā)生的事情.Withoutaccesstoreportingof

domesticandinternationalevents(1.國內(nèi)化時事),peoplewouldbe

inastateof

(2.處于一種……的狀態(tài))almostcomplete

ignorance(3.無知),relyingsolelyon

wordofmouth

(4.口口相傳)tofindoutwhatishappeningoutsidetheirownlife.

1-domesticandinternationalevents

詞典釋義：domestic

●●●●○1.ADJ

形容詞

Seealso：

grossdomesticproduct;

國內(nèi)的;本國的

Domestic

politicalactivities,events,andsituationshappenorexist

withinoneparticularcountry.

【搭配模式】：usuADJn?...over100

domestic

flightsadayto15UKdestinations.每天超過100架次國內(nèi)航班飛往英國境內(nèi)15個目的地?...salesinthe

domestic

market.國內(nèi)市場的銷售量

外刊例句：Thisisyetanothersymptomofalackofevidence-based

policy.Thereisapick-and-mixapproachtoboth

domesticandinternationalevents

inordertojustify

ideologicallypredeterminedpolicies.

()這又體現(xiàn)了,基于證據(jù)支撐的政策正短缺.而對于國內(nèi)外事情任意處置只求讓早已由意識形態(tài)決定的政策堂而皇之的舉措正大行其道.

學(xué)生錯誤表達(dá)：(1)

thedomestic

andforeignnews點評：定冠詞the應(yīng)該去掉(加上the就變成了特指,這與原句子的含義不符)(2)

thecurrent

eventsathomeandabroad點評：定冠詞the也要去掉.(3)

majorevents

insideoroutsideofthecountry點評：thecountry在這里指代不明,這里應(yīng)該改為domesticandinternationalevents(4)

fashionnews

inandoutofcountry點評：fashionnews是指"時尚新聞”,不能用于指時事.

2-beinastateof

詞典釋義：state[ste?t]

noun

CONDITION

情況

ESSENTIAL

countable

■aconditionorwayofbeingthatexistsataparticular

time

狀態(tài);情形;狀況?Thebuildingwasin

a

state

of

disrepair.這棟大樓年久失修.?Shewasfoundwanderinginaconfused

state

(ofmind).有人發(fā)現(xiàn)她到處游蕩,神智恍惚.?Givemethekeys-you'reinnofit

state

todrive.把鎖匙給我——你狀態(tài)不佳,不能開車.?AftertheaccidentIwasina

state

ofshock.事故之后,我驚魂未定.?Icamehometoanunhappy

state

ofaffairs

(=situation).我回到家時,心情十分沉重.

外刊例句：TheTurkish-backedadministrationinnorthernCyprus

proclaimedindependencein1983butithasbeenrecognisedonlybyTurkeyand

remainsinastateof

partial

economicisolation.

()塞浦路斯北部由土耳其支持的政權(quán)于1983年宣布獨立,但只有土耳其認(rèn)可其獨立性,而且該政權(quán)一直處于部分經(jīng)濟(jì)孤立狀態(tài).

替換表達(dá)：bebroughtintoastateof

學(xué)生錯誤表達(dá)：(1)

stayinstate點評：state在這里是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),這里應(yīng)該改為beinastateof(2)

atthestage

of點評：atthestage是"處于一個……的階段”,例如：Theiryoungestchildis

at

thestage

whereshecansayindividualwordsbutnotfullsentences.他們最小的孩子目前所處的階段是會說單個的詞,但還不會說整句話.(3)

ina

condition點評：inacondition側(cè)重于指處于某一個物理狀態(tài),例如身體狀態(tài),環(huán)境狀態(tài)等.例如：Oneofthevictimswas

ina

criticalcondition

aftersufferingsevereburns.其中有一名受害者被嚴(yán)重?zé)齻?情況很危急.不可以用來指人的精神狀態(tài).

3-ignorance

詞典釋義：ignoranceUK

['?g.n?r.?nts]

US

[-n?-]

noun

uncountable

■lackofknowledge,understandingorinformationabout

something

無知,愚昧?Public

ignorance

about

thediseaseisstill

acauseforconcern.公眾對這個疾病的無知仍是一個令人擔(dān)憂的問題.?Patients,itisclaimed,werekept/left

in

ignorance

of

whatwaswrongwiththem.據(jù)稱,病人被蒙在鼓里,對于自己得了甚么病還毫不知情.

外刊例句：Butanygoodjournalist,likeHerodotushimself,isdriven

onbyanawarenessofhisownshocking

ignorance.

()任何像希羅多德這樣的優(yōu)秀記者都是因為意識到自身極大的愚昧無知而奮發(fā)向前.

替換表達(dá)：beignorant

學(xué)生錯誤表達(dá)：(1)

innocence點評：單詞誤用,innocence是"無罪;天真”,不可以與ignorance混淆.

4-wordofmouth

詞典釋義：26.PHRASE

短語

(由)口頭

Ifnewsorinformationpassesby

wordofmouth,peopletellittoeachotherratherthanitbeingprintedinwrittenform.

【搭配模式】：oftby/throughPHR?Thestoryhasbeenpasseddownby

word

ofmouth.這個故事是口頭流傳下來的.

外刊例句：There'snobetterpublicitythan

wordofmouth.Companiesknowthis,andmanyhavelaunched

"recommendafriend"schemes.

()群眾的眾口相傳是最好的宣傳手段.公司都深知這點,所以他們大多都設(shè)立"向你朋友推薦”計劃.

學(xué)生錯誤表達(dá)：(1)

mouthto

mouth點評：表達(dá)不準(zhǔn)確,mouth-to-mouth是指"人工呼吸”,不可以用來指新聞口口相傳.(2)

fromtongue

totongue點評：表達(dá)不準(zhǔn)確,沒有from

tonguetotongue這個用法.(3)

passingfrom

peopletopeople點評：沒有表達(dá)出"口頭相傳”這一層含義.

Q：frommouthtomouth可以在這里用嗎in

thestateof和inastateof應(yīng)該都可以的吧?A：不可以.mouthtomouth是指"人工呼吸”,不能用來指信息口口相傳.Inastateofsomething是一個固定說法,不可以寫成inthe

stateofsomething

Q：口口相傳wordofmouth：詞典里查出來的用法都是V.+bywordofmouthA：也有其他用法的,不局限于詞典,例如《衛(wèi)報》例句：Almost70%ofcharitiesrely

onword-of-mouthtorecruitnewtrustees,asurveyof1,400charities

revealed.

4.當(dāng)人們經(jīng)常被謀殺事件和其他惡性犯罪的報道轟炸時,他們就會很自然地覺得這些犯罪很普遍,盡管這些犯罪在統(tǒng)計上極不常見.這會導(dǎo)致多疑、悲觀,以及社會中普遍的信任缺失.Whenpeople

arebombardedwith

(1.被……轟炸)storiesofmurdersandotherseriouscrimes

onaroutinebasis(2.經(jīng)常),itisnaturalthattheyfeeltheseeventsarecommonplace,evenif

statistically

(3.在統(tǒng)計上)theyarehighlyuncommon.Thiscanleadto

paranoia(4.多疑),pessimismandagenerallackoftrustinsociety.

1-bebombardedwith

詞典釋義：bombardUK

[b?m'bɑ：d]

US

[bɑ：m'bɑ：rd]

verb

transitive

Phrasal

Verbs

bombard

sbwithsth

■todirectsomanythingsatsomeone,especiallytoask

themsomanyquestions,thattheyfinditdifficulttodealwiththem

拿…圍攻(某人);(尤指)向(某人)大量提問?Thechildren

bombarded

herwithquestions.孩子們連珠炮似地問了她許多問題.

外刊例句：Businesses

are

bombardedwith

adviceonstrategy.Manygurusurgethemtodiscovera

"blueocean”wheretheycanswimwithoutcompetition.()商業(yè)界充斥著大量戰(zhàn)略建議,無數(shù)"大師”催促公司去開拓"藍(lán)色海洋”,那是一片能讓他們逃離競爭自在暢游的海域.

學(xué)生錯誤表達(dá)：(1)

bomb點評：bomb是字面意義上的"轟炸”,這里應(yīng)該改為bombard(2)

arealways

occupiedby點評：beoccupiedby

something是指時間精力被某事情占據(jù),例如：Muchofourtimeisoccupied

byansweringquestionsfromourcustomers.我們大部分時間都花在回到顧客問題上.不能用來指"被(新聞)轟炸”.

2-onaroutinebasis

《英語常用詞疑難用法手冊》：ona...basis這個詞組在英語是十分慣用的,一般相當(dāng)于將填入的形容詞化為副詞,已經(jīng)沒有什么"基礎(chǔ)”的意思了.【例如】onatemporarybasis暫時地/onaregular

basis正規(guī)地/onacase-by-casebasis采取個案方式/onanexclusivebasis采取獨家方式/ona

first-come-first-servebasis采取先到先辦的方式/onan

autodidacticbasis采取自學(xué)方式/onacompetitivebasis通過競爭/onanurgentbasis以加急速度/ona

ceremonialbasis作為儀式/Anotherversionofthis

surgerycannowbedoneonanoutpatientbasis.這種外科手術(shù)現(xiàn)在還有另外一種以門診方式進(jìn)行的辦法.basis還可以指"基本的狀況或關(guān)系框架”.【例如】Theyhadswumto

afirst-namebasisafterthesecondroundofdrinks,andthiswasthefourth.

他們倆酒過兩巡,就已經(jīng)互相用名字稱呼,而現(xiàn)在他們喝的已經(jīng)是第四巡酒了.

詞典釋義：routine

●●●○○2.ADJ

形容詞

例行的;常規(guī)的;慣常的

Youuse

routine

todescribeactivitiesthataredoneasanormalpartofajobor

process.

【搭配模式】：usuADJn?...aseriesof

routine

medicaltests...一系列常規(guī)的醫(yī)療檢查?Theoperatorhastobeabletocarryout

routine

maintenanceofthemachine.操作員必須能對機(jī)器進(jìn)行日常維護(hù).

外刊例句：Neither

operation,thedepartmentofhealthsays,shouldbecarriedout

onaroutinebasis.()健康部門稱,沒有手術(shù)可按慣常進(jìn)行.

3-statistically

詞典釋義：statisticallyadv

withrespecttostatisticsthisis

statistically

impossibleUSAGEEXAMPLESButitturnsoutthat2014hasn'tactuallybeena

statistically

worseyearthanmanyofthoseintherecentpast.The

Verge(Dec29,2014)Cutler,onceagain,hasbeenasourceof

frustrationforChicagoeventhoughheisinsomerespectshavinghisbestseason

statistically.WashingtonTimes(Dec24,2014)Statistically

his

actionfavorsoneraceovermanyotherssoit'sillegal,orareyougoingto

cherrypickthatargumentt