經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理(雙語(yǔ))-教學(xué)大綱

《經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理》（雙語(yǔ)）教學(xué)大綱PrinciplesofEconomics（ClassSyllabus）課程編號(hào)：032023A課程類型：口通識(shí)教育必修課口通識(shí)教育選修課□專業(yè)必修課□專業(yè)選修課“學(xué)科基礎(chǔ)課總學(xué)時(shí)：48講課學(xué)時(shí)：48實(shí)驗(yàn)（上機(jī)）學(xué)時(shí)：0學(xué)分：3適用對(duì)象：經(jīng)濟(jì)類本科生先修課程：高等數(shù)學(xué)一、課程的教學(xué)目標(biāo)《經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理》包括《微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)》和《宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)》兩部分。經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)是研究稀缺資源在各種可供選擇的用途中，如何進(jìn)行最有效的配置，以使得人類的無(wú)限欲望得到最大滿足的一門理論經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)。經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)作為理論經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)，是許多經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)科如管理經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)、公共財(cái)政學(xué)、市場(chǎng)學(xué)、國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)、貨幣銀行學(xué)、財(cái)政學(xué)、國(guó)際貿(mào)易學(xué)、國(guó)際金融學(xué)等的理論基礎(chǔ)。微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)是以個(gè)體經(jīng)濟(jì)單位例如單個(gè)家庭、單個(gè)企業(yè)、單個(gè)市場(chǎng)為研究對(duì)象的一門理論經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)。它試圖通過(guò)對(duì)個(gè)體經(jīng)濟(jì)單位經(jīng)濟(jì)行為的研究，來(lái)說(shuō)明現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中市場(chǎng)機(jī)制的運(yùn)行和作用以及如何改善這種運(yùn)行的途徑。宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)是以社會(huì)總體的經(jīng)濟(jì)行為即宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行作為研究對(duì)象的一門理論經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)。它試圖通過(guò)對(duì)社會(huì)總體經(jīng)濟(jì)行為的研究，來(lái)說(shuō)明市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)條件下宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)的運(yùn)行以及如何改善這種運(yùn)行的途徑。目標(biāo)1：系統(tǒng)理解和掌握經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)基本理論和基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)目標(biāo)2：熟悉經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)中基本概念和基本原理的英文表述目標(biāo)3：能夠運(yùn)用所學(xué)原理分析實(shí)際經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題和現(xiàn)象目標(biāo)4：為進(jìn)一步學(xué)習(xí)其他經(jīng)濟(jì)類課程打下堅(jiān)實(shí)的理論基礎(chǔ)。二、教學(xué)基本要求教學(xué)內(nèi)容：第二章的消費(fèi)理論、第三章的生產(chǎn)理論、第五章的市場(chǎng)理論、第六章的生產(chǎn)要素市場(chǎng)和收入分配理論、第七章一般均衡、第九章國(guó)民收入核算、第十一章產(chǎn)品市場(chǎng)和貨幣市場(chǎng)的一般均衡、第十三章財(cái)政政策和貨幣政策、第十五章通貨膨脹與失業(yè)應(yīng)精講、細(xì)講。對(duì)各章重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容，教師應(yīng)闡述清楚基本原理，并在此基礎(chǔ)上以一些淺顯易懂的案例增進(jìn)學(xué)生的理解，啟發(fā)學(xué)生的求知欲與好奇心。教學(xué)方法：為實(shí)現(xiàn)教學(xué)目標(biāo)，本課程主要采取教師講授的方式授課，任課教師應(yīng)以多媒體教學(xué)為基本授課方式，教師也可以所采取的其他教學(xué)手段如課堂討論、案例教學(xué)等。課程要求：任課教師應(yīng)要求學(xué)生在課前預(yù)習(xí)，課后應(yīng)布置一些較深入的問(wèn)題供學(xué)生探討，學(xué)生須做課后習(xí)題。課程的考核方式：本課程采用閉卷考試的形式，平時(shí)成績(jī)占30％，期末考試成績(jī)占70％。教學(xué)過(guò)程中應(yīng)注意理論與現(xiàn)實(shí)相結(jié)合。三、各教學(xué)環(huán)節(jié)學(xué)時(shí)分配Table：DistributionofTeachingHoursNo.ContentsLecturesExperimentsOthersTotal1Chapter1BasicElementsofSupplyandDemand222Chapter2ConsumerBehavior22

3Chapter3ProductionTheory224Chapter4AnalysisofCosts225Chapter5MarketsTheory226Chapter6ProductiveFactorMarkets andIncomeDistribution227Chapter 7 GeneralEquilibriumandEconomicEfficiency228Chapter8MarketFailureandtheRoleofGovernment229Chapter9MeasuringEconomicActivity2210Chapter10DeterminationofNationalIncome2211Chapter11IS-LMAnalysis2212Chapter12Open-EconomyMacroeconomics2213Chapter13MonetaryandFiscalPolicies2214Chapter14AD-ASModel2215Chapter15InflationandUnemployment2216Chapter 16 EconomicGrowth andBusinessFluctuations22Total3232四、教學(xué)內(nèi)容Chapter1BasicElementsofSupplyandDemandA.TheDemandScheduleTheDemandCurveFactorsAffectingDemandDemandFunctionShiftsinDemandTheMarketDemandCurveTheSupplyScheduleTheSupplyCurveFactorsAffectingSupplySupplyFunctionShiftsinSupplyEquilibriumofSupplyandDemandEquilibriumofSupplyandDemandCurveTheInvisibleHandSomeExamplesElasticityofDemandandSupplyThePriceElasticityofDemandCalculatingElasticitiesElasticityandRevenueTheParadoxoftheBumperHarvestPriceElasticityofSupplyApplicationstoCurrentEconomicIssuesTheEconomicsofAgricultureLong-RunRelativeDeclineofFarmingImpactofaTaxonPriceandQuantityMinimumFloorsandMaximumCeilings教學(xué)重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)：TheDemandCurve;FactorsAffectingDemand;ShiftsinDemand;TheSupplyCurve;FactorsAffectingSupply;ShiftsinSupply;EquilibriumofSupplyandDemandCurve;ThePriceElasticityofDemand;PriceElasticityofSupply課程的考核要求：通過(guò)本章的學(xué)習(xí)，使學(xué)生理解微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行中需求與需求量、供給和供給量的區(qū)別、影響需求和供給的因素、均衡價(jià)格和供求定律、市場(chǎng)的作用、需求的價(jià)格、收入、交叉彈性和供給彈性的概念。復(fù)習(xí)思考題：1．Whatarethefactorsthataffecttheequilibriumpricechanges?PetertookavacationtriptoHainanProvincelastweek.Hethoughthisairtravelwasfreebecausetheairlineticketwasboughtusinghisfrequent-flyermiles.DidPeterenjoyafreeflight?What’stheconsequenceofhisbeliefontraveldecisions?Explain.Pleasefindtheequilibriuminthefollowingmarketandshowyourresultgraphically.DemandQd=5-2PandsupplyQs=3P.DemandQd=2-PandsupplyQs=1.InversedemandP=2andsupplyQs=4P.DemandQd=16=PandsupplyQs=2P2.BelowisademandscheduleforgoodsAandB.Pleasederivetheaggregatedemand.Showyourresultsgraphically.PriceAB0961652434215005．Whatarethefactorsthataffectthepriceelasticityofdemandchanges?Whatarethefactorsthataffectthepriceelasticityofsupplychanges?Forthefollowingfunctions,findthepointelasticitiesatthepointsQ=5andQ=15respectively.Isdemandelastic,inelastic,orunitaryelasticatthesepoints?Q=100-3PQ=100-8PQ=100-PPointElasticities:supposethatthedemandfunctionforiPhone6isdescribedbyQ=4-2P+2Y+3PaInthisformQisquantity,PisiPhoneprice,YisincomeandPaisAndroidphoneprice.AssumethatP=5;Y=100;Pa=4.Pleaseanswerthefollowingquestions.Trivial:WhatisthequantitydemandedforiPhone6?Pleasederivetheprice,incomeandcross-priceelasticities.Pleasederivethreeelasticitiesundernewparameters:P=4;Y=200;Pa=5Chapter2ConsumerBehaviorChoiceandUtilityTheoryCardinalUtility(基數(shù)效用)OrdinalUtility(序數(shù)效用)MarginalUtilityandtheLawofDiminishingMarginalUtilityWhydemandcurvesslopedownward?SubstitutionEffectVS.IncomeeffectFromIndividualtoMarketDemandDemandShiftsSubstitutesandComplementsEmpiricalEstimatesofPriceandIncomeElasticitiesTheEconomicsofAddictionTheParadoxofValueConsumerSurplusAnalysisofConsumerEquilibriumTheIndifferenceCurveBudgetLineorBudgetConstraintTheEquilibriumPositionofTangencyChangesinincomeandPriceDerivingtheDemandCurve教學(xué)重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)：Utility;MarginalUtility;TheIndifferenceCurve;budgetline;GeometricalAnalysisofConsumerEquilibrium;Theeffectofchangesinincomeandprice;課程的考核要求：通過(guò)本章的學(xué)習(xí)，學(xué)生應(yīng)掌握消費(fèi)者行為理論的基本內(nèi)容，用理論分析消費(fèi)者均衡即消費(fèi)者效用最大化的基本條件、價(jià)格變化與收入變化對(duì)消費(fèi)者均衡的影響、能夠用消費(fèi)者均衡理論推導(dǎo)需求曲線和恩格爾曲線；熟練掌握價(jià)格變動(dòng)的替代效應(yīng)與收入效應(yīng)。復(fù)習(xí)思考題：1．Howtoderiveademandcurveusingordinalutilitytheory?Pizza-beertrade-offAsliceofpizzacosts$2andabottleofbeercosts$1.Peterhasabudgetof$20.Pleasewritedownhisbudgetlineandshowyourresultgraphically.Whatistheslopeofthebudgetline?Peter’sutilityfunctionisdescribedbyu(x1;x2)=0.4lnx1+0.6lnx2;wherex1istheamountofpizzaandx2istheamountofbeer.Pleasederivehismarginalutilityforpizzaandbeerrespectively.Whatisthemarginalrateofsubstitution?Showgraphicallytherelationshipbetweenmarginalutility(y-axis)andquantityofthegood(x-axis).Usingtheinformationintheabovetwoquestions,canyouderivetheoptimalchoiceforPeter?Hint:theoptimaldemandbundleiswherethemarginalrateofsubstitutionequalsthepriceratio.ProductionTheoryTheoryofProductionandMarginalProductsBasicConceptsTheProductionFunctionTotal,Average,andMarginalProductTheLawofDiminishingReturnsReturnstoscaleShortRunandLongRunTechnologicalChangeProductivityandtheAggregateProductionFunctionBusinessOrganizationsTheNatureoftheFirmBig,SmallandInfinitesimalBusiness教學(xué)重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)：Theproductionfunction;productivefactors;TheLawofdiminishingreturns;total,average,andmarginalproduct;productionwithtwovariableinputs；equal-productcurve;CRS,IRS,DRS課程的考核要求：通過(guò)本章的教學(xué)，旨在使學(xué)生熟練掌握一種可變生產(chǎn)要素的生產(chǎn)函數(shù)、兩種可變生產(chǎn)要素的生產(chǎn)函數(shù)，即廠商作為經(jīng)濟(jì)人為實(shí)現(xiàn)利潤(rùn)最大化，應(yīng)如何選擇生產(chǎn)的合理投入?yún)^(qū)和最優(yōu)的生產(chǎn)要素投入組合，掌握規(guī)模收益和生產(chǎn)擴(kuò)張的途徑。復(fù)習(xí)思考題：1．Inthecaseofonlyonevariablefactorofproduction,howtodetermineoptimalutilizationofthefactorsofproduction,whenachieveareasonableinvestmentintheproductionarea?Explainthereasonsforincreasingreturnstoscaleanddecreasingreturnstoscale.Pleasederivemarginalproductoflabor,marginalproductofcapital,marginalrateoftechnicalsubstitution,andreturnstoscaleforthefollowingproductionfunctions:Q=2L+8KQ=3L+5K+1Q=5LKQ=2L0.3K0.7Q=7L0.2K0.5Q=4L0.4K0.8AnalysisofCostsEconomicAnalysisofCostsTotalCost:FixedCost(FC)andVariableCost(VC)MarginalCost(MC)AverageCostTheLinkbetweenProductionandCostsChoiceofInputsbytheFirmEconomicCostsandBusinessAccountingTheIncomeStatement(收益表)，orStatementofProfitandLoss(損益表)TheBalanceSheetOpportunityCostProduction,CostTheory,andDecisionsoftheFirmTheLawofDiminishingMarginalProductLeast-CostFactorCombinationforaGivenOutput教學(xué)重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)：OpportunityCost;TheLinkbetweenProductionandCosts;totalrevenue,averagerevenueandmarginalrevenue;Equal-costline;Least-Costconditions課程的考核要求：通過(guò)本章的教學(xué)，旨在使學(xué)生熟練掌握廠商的生產(chǎn)成本與產(chǎn)量之間的關(guān)系，短期成本曲線、長(zhǎng)期成本曲線，三種收益的關(guān)系、收益曲線，利潤(rùn)最大化均衡的條件，企業(yè)的行為。復(fù)習(xí)思考題：1．Afirm’sshort-runcostfunctionisgivenbyTC=20+5Q+2Q2,pleasederivethefirm’sshort-runmarginalcost,averagetotalcost,averagefixedcost,averagevariablecost.Showyourresultsgraphically.Overwhatregion(s)doesthefirmexperienceincreasingreturnstoscale?Overwhatregion(s)doesthefirmexperienceconstantreturnstoscale?Overwhatregion(s)doesthefirmexperiencedecreasingreturnstoscale?Whatisthefirm’sminimumefficientscale?MarketsTheorySupplyBehavioroftheCompetitiveFirmFactorsdeterminethemarkettypeKeyPointsforPerfectlyCompetitionSupplyDecisionofCompetitiveFirmShutdownPointSupplyBehaviorinCompetitiveIndustriesSummingAllFirms’SupplyCurvestoGetMarketSupplyShort-runandLong-runEquilibriumTheLong-runEquilibriuminAcompetitiveIndustryEfficiencyandEquityofCompetitiveMarketsEvaluatingtheMarketMechanismEfficiencyofCompetitiveEquilibriumEquilibriumwithManyConsumersandMarketsTheCentralRoleofMarginal-CostPricingPatternsofImperfectcompetitionDefinitionofImperfectcompetitionVarietiesofImperfectCompetitorsSourcesofImperfectCompetitorsMarginalRevenueandMonopolyTheConceptofMarginalRevenueProfitMaximizingConditionsTheMarginalPrinciple:LetBygonesBeBygonesBehaviorofImperfectCompetitorsFourKindsofMarketStructuresTheoriesofImperfectCompetitionPriceDiscrimination教學(xué)重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)：BehaviorofaCompetitiveFirm；CompetitiveSupplywhereMarginalCostequalsPrice;TotalCostandShutdownCondition;TheLong-runEquilibriuminAcompetitiveIndustry;EfficiencyandEquityofCompetitiveMarkets;DefinitionofImperfectcompetition；VarietiesofImperfectCompetitors;ProfitMaximizingConditions;MonopolyEquilibriumingraphs;Oligopoly;CournotModel;GameTheory課程的考核要求：通過(guò)本章的學(xué)習(xí)，使學(xué)生熟練掌握廠商實(shí)現(xiàn)利潤(rùn)最大化的條件，三種不同市場(chǎng)上的廠商的長(zhǎng)期、短期均衡、完全競(jìng)爭(zhēng)廠商的供給曲線的獲得，不同市場(chǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)的條件，不同市場(chǎng)的均衡以及不同的市場(chǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)效率的影響，寡頭市場(chǎng)上的博弈。復(fù)習(xí)思考題：．Pleasedescribetheshort-termandlong-termequilibriumbalanceofperfectlycompetitivemarket..Inaperfectlycompetitivemarket,thedemandfunctionisQd=3-PandthesupplyfunctionisQs=2P.Answerthefollowingquestions.Showyourresultsbothnumericallyandgraphically.Whatisthecompetitiveequilibrium?Whatistheconsumersurplus?Whatistheproducersurplus?Ifthegovernmentimposesataxof$0.5perunit,whatarethenewequilibriumquantityandprice?Whataretheconsumersurplusandproducersurpluswiththeabovetax?Whatisthedeadweightlosscausedbytheabovetax?3．Determinetheconsumersurplusandtheproducersurplusforthefollowingperfectlycompetitivemarket:Qd=17-2PandQs=4P-1Qd=15-5PandQs=5P-5Qd=10-4PandQs=2P-24．Pleasedrawagraphtoexplainmonopolist'sshort-runequilibriumandlong-runequilibrium.Inapuremonopolymarket,thedemandfunctionisQ=2-2Pandthemonopolist’scostfunctionisC=Q2.Answerthefollowingquestionsbothnumericallyandgraphically.Whatisthemarginalcostandmarginalrevenue?Whatisthesupplyfunction?Whatistheequilibriumquantityandpriceundermonopoly?Whatisthemaximumprofitforthemonopolist?Whataretheconsumersurplusandproducersurplus?Whatisthedeadweightloss?6．PleasebrieflydescribethemaincontentsandconclusionsoftheCournotmodel.Chapter6ProductiveFactorMarketsandIncomeDistributionIncomeandWealthInputPricingbyMarginalProductivityThenatureoffactordemandsDistributionTheoryandMarginalRevenueProductTheDemandforFactorsofProductionTheSupplyforFactorsofProductionAnInvisibleHandforIncome?FundamentalsofWageDeterminationTheGeneralWageLevelDemandforlaborTheSupplyoflaborWageDifferentialsLandandRentRentasReturntoFixedFactorsTaxingLandCapitalandInterestBasicconceptsPresentValueforAssetsProfitsTheTheoryofCapitalandInterestApplicationsofClassicalCapitalTheoryEmpiricalFindingsValedictoryThoughtsonFactorPrices,Efficiency,andDistribution3.3.ImproveEqualityWillHurtEfficiency教學(xué)重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)：InputPricingbyMarginalProductivity;FundamentalsofWageDetermination;LandandRent;CapitalandInterest;LorenzCurve;GiniCoefficient;Inequality課程的考核要求：通過(guò)本章的學(xué)習(xí)，學(xué)生應(yīng)熟練掌握要素供給原則、買方和賣方壟斷不同情況下的廠商對(duì)要素的需求，勞動(dòng)供給曲線的特征、均衡工資的決定、土地的供給曲線、經(jīng)濟(jì)租金的決定、資本的供給曲線，掌握洛倫茨曲線和基尼系數(shù)，了解庫(kù)茲涅茨的倒“U”字形假說(shuō)復(fù)習(xí)思考題：1．Brieflyexplaintheprincipleshowtheperfectlycompetitivefirmsusetheproductivefactors.2．Brieflydescribethecharacteristicsofthelaborsupplycurve.Brieflydescribethedeterminantsofequilibriumwages.Brieflydescribethecharacteristicsofthelandsupplycurveandthedeterminantsofrent.Brieflydescribethecharacteristicsofthecapitalsupplycurveandthedeterminantsofequilibriuminterest.Chapter7GeneralEquilibriumandWelfareEconomicsTheEfficiencyofPerfectCompetitionPartialEquilibriumGeneralEquilibriumPositiveEconomicsvs.NormativeEconomicsJudgingEconomicEfficiencyParetoCriterionandParetoEfficiencyInequalityGinicoefficientTheSourcesofInequality教學(xué)重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)：partialequilibrium;generalequilibrium;Paretoefficiency;perfectcompetitionandParetoOptimal;TheEfficiencyofPerfectCompetition課程的考核要求：通過(guò)本章的學(xué)習(xí)，旨在使學(xué)生熟練掌握局部均衡和一般均衡、經(jīng)濟(jì)效率、帕累托最優(yōu)的概念，帕累托最優(yōu)、帕累托最優(yōu)條件的交換、生產(chǎn)以及交換與生產(chǎn)，掌握完全競(jìng)爭(zhēng)與帕累托最優(yōu)、經(jīng)濟(jì)效率與公平的關(guān)系。復(fù)習(xí)思考題：1．Whatisthedifferenceofpartialequilibriumandgeneralequilibrium?Whatistheconditionofgeneralequilibrium?Inaneconomy,whatarethenecessaryconditionstoachieveParetooptimalstate?MarketFailureandMicroeconomicPolicyDefinitionofMarketFailureCausesofMarketFailureMonopolyExternalityPublicGoodsandCommonResourcesAsymmetricInformationTheRoleofGovernment教學(xué)重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)：DefinitionofMarketFailure;CausesofMarketFailure;externalities;publicgoods;asymmetricinformationandmoralhazard;governmentfailure課程的考核要求：通過(guò)本章的學(xué)習(xí)，旨在使學(xué)生熟練掌握市場(chǎng)失靈以及導(dǎo)致市場(chǎng)失靈的原因，熟練掌握壟斷、外部性、公共物品、信息不對(duì)稱對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)效率的影響。復(fù)習(xí)思考題：Explainthereasonsfortheexistenceofmarketfailure.Whatarethereasonsthatmarketfailurewillleadtoinefficientallocationofresources?MeasuringEconomicActivityGrossDomesticProductTwoMeasuresofNationalIncomeTheProblemof“DoubleCounting”ValueAddedDetailsoftheNationalAccountsRealvs.NominalGDPGDP,NDPandGNPCompositionofGDPBeyondtheNationalAccounts教學(xué)重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)：GDP;TwoMeasuresofNationalIncome;RealGDP;NominalGDP;InflationRate;FullEmployment、課程的考核要求：通過(guò)本章的學(xué)習(xí)，旨在使學(xué)生掌握宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的研究對(duì)象、宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)模型和宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的研究方法。學(xué)生應(yīng)熟練掌握國(guó)民收入核算的基本方法，國(guó)民收入的基本公式即投資儲(chǔ)蓄恒等式，掌握名義GDP與實(shí)際GDP的區(qū)別。復(fù)習(xí)思考題：Whyinvestequalssavingsisthemacroeconomicequilibriumcondition?Intheshortterm,explainwhyincreaseconsumption,investment,governmentspendingandexportscanincreasenationalincome?Andincreasesavings,incometaxesandimportwillreduceincome?Howtounderstandthecomplementaryrelationshipbetweenprivatesavings,investment,governmentbudgetandforeigntradebetween?HowtounderstandthedifferencebetweennominalGDPandrealGDP?DeterminationofNationalIncomeConsumptionandSavingConsumption,IncomeandSavingTheMarginalPropensitytoConsumeTheMarginalPropensitytoSaveNationalConsumptionBehaviorInvestmentDeterminantsofInvestmentTheInvestmentDemandCurveTheBasicMultiplierModelOutputDeterminationwithSavingandInvestmentOutputDeterminedbyTotalExpendituresTheMultiplier教學(xué)重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)：Simpleincomedeterminationtheory;equilibriumoutput;Keynesianconsumptiontheory;thedeterminationofnationalincomeintwosectorseconomy;themultipliertheory;avarietyofmultipliers.課程的考核要求：通過(guò)本章的學(xué)習(xí)，學(xué)生應(yīng)熟練掌握總需求、總產(chǎn)出、消費(fèi)函數(shù)、乘數(shù)、兩部門經(jīng)濟(jì)中的均衡產(chǎn)出決定模型、乘數(shù)發(fā)揮作用的條件。復(fù)習(xí)思考題：Usingthechangesininventoriesmechanismtodescribewhyactualoutputalwaystendstoparallelequilibriumoutputinaneconomy?HowtounderstandthebasicprinciplesofnationalincomedeterminationandADintheshortterm?Howtouseinvestmentequalssavingsidentitytoexplainthedeterminationofnationalincome?Whatistheroleofthemultiplier?Whataretheconditionsforthemultipliereffectofeconomicexpansion?Chapter11IS-LMAnalysisTheISCurveandFiscalPolicyFiscalPolicy:TheTransmissionMechanismCrowdingOutEffectTheLMCurveandMonetaryPolicyLiquidityTrapTheClassicalCase教學(xué)重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)：Investmentfunction;ISCurve;theDemandforMoney;MoneyDemandFunction;LMCurve;MoneySupply;MoneySupplyFunction;IS-LMModel;effectiveDemand;MEC課程的考核要求：通過(guò)本章的學(xué)習(xí)，學(xué)生應(yīng)熟練掌握產(chǎn)品市場(chǎng)上怎樣推導(dǎo)出IS曲線、貨幣需求、貨幣供給、貨幣市場(chǎng)下怎樣推導(dǎo)出的LM曲線、IS—LM模型、均衡國(guó)名收入和利率是如何變動(dòng)的以及有效需求理論。復(fù)習(xí)思考題：Whatistheproductmarketequilibriumcondition?HowistheIScurvederived?Whatistheroleandconditionsofthemoneymultipliermechanism?Whatisthemoneymarketequilibriumcondition?HowistheLMcurvederived??HowdidKeynesexplainthereasonsforinsufficienteffectivedemand?Whatishispolicyconclusion?Open-EconomyMacroeconomicsNetExportFunctionOpenEconomyISCurveOpenEconomyMultiplierTheBPCurveNetCapitalOutflowFunctionEquationoftheBPCurveMundell-FlemingModelFiscalPolicyunderFlexibleExchangeRateSystemMonetaryPolicyunderFlexibleExchangeRateSystemFiscalPolicyunderFixedExchangeRateSystemMonetaryPolicyunderFixedExchangeRateSystemTheTrilemma教學(xué)重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)：ExchangeRate;NetExportFunction;BalanceofInternationalPayments;ExchangeRateSystem;J-curveEffect;IS-LM-BPModel課程的考核要求：通過(guò)本章的學(xué)習(xí)，學(xué)生應(yīng)熟練掌握匯率及其標(biāo)價(jià)、匯率的決定、凈出口函數(shù)、國(guó)際收支的平衡、匯率變動(dòng)對(duì)國(guó)際收支的影響、IS-LM-BP模型、資本完全流動(dòng)下的IS—LM—BP模型。復(fù)習(xí)思考題：Howtocalculatepurchasingpowerparity?WhyPPPcanonlydecidethelong-termmovementsintheexchangerate?Whatistheimpactofchangesintherealexchangerateonthebalanceofpayments?Howisthenetexportfunctionderived?Inanopeneconomy,whatisthedeterminationofequilibriumoutput?Whyopeneconomymultiplierissmallerthantheclosedeconomymultiplier?MonetaryandFiscalPoliciesFiscalPolicyintheMultiplierModelHowGovernmentFiscalPoliciesAffectOutputFiscalPolicyMultiplierMultipliersinActionCentralBankingandtheFederalReserveSystemTheFederalReserveSystemTheNutsandBoltsofMonetaryPolicyTheEffectsofMoneyonOutputandPricesTheMoneyMarketTheMonetaryTransmissionMechanismThePolicyMix教學(xué)重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)：ObjectivesofEconomicPolicies;ToolsofFiscalPolicy;ToolsofMonetaryPolicy;MonetaryPolicyMultiplier;FiscalPolicyMultiplier;SpilloverEffect課程的考核要求：通過(guò)本章的學(xué)習(xí)，學(xué)生應(yīng)熟練掌握經(jīng)濟(jì)政策目標(biāo)、財(cái)政的構(gòu)成與財(cái)政政策工具、財(cái)政與貨幣政策內(nèi)在穩(wěn)定器、貨幣政策及其基本工具、財(cái)政政策與貨幣政策的乘數(shù)、財(cái)政政策和貨幣政策的傳導(dǎo)過(guò)程以及溢出效應(yīng)和回振效應(yīng)。復(fù)習(xí)思考題：Whataretheobjectivesofeconomicpolicies?Whatarethetoolsofmonetaryandfiscalpolicies?Howtousethesetoolstointerveneintothemacroeconomicoperation?Whyistherethecrowding-outeffectwhenweuseexpansionaryfiscalpolicy?Howtounderstandtheinternationaltransmissionmechanismoffiscalandmonetarypolicies?AD-ASModelTheAggregateDemandscheduleFromIS-LMScheduletotheADscheduleTheformulaforADScheduleTheShiftsoftheADScheduleTheAggregateSupplyscheduleTheClassicalAggregateSupplyScheduleTheKeynesianAggregateSupplyScheduleFactorsAffectingASScheduleAD-ASModelandEconomicFluctuations教學(xué)重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)：ADCurve;ASCurve;DerivingtheAS